International Journal of Work Organisation and Emotion (19 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• The Differential Effects of Military Virtues, Military Culture, Authentic Leadership and Extensive Training on Job Performance in Military Organisations: Direct and Mediated Models  
  by Anuradha Iddagoda, Rebecca Abraham, Hiranya Dissanayake, Manoj Keppetipola 
  Abstract: This paper explores the effects of military virtues, military culture, authentic leadership, and extensive training, on job performance. Military virtues include loyalty, courage, patience, respect, self-discipline, and caring. Military culture emphasises symbolism through parades, display of military weapons and aircraft, and formal dress. Authentic leadership, based on authentic behavior, may motivate subordinates to self-enhance their skills. Extensive raining involves continuous multitasking. Using a sample of 254 members of the Air Force in Sri Lanka (henceforth Air Force), military virtues and authentic leadership were found to significantly influence job performance, in both the direct and mediated models (with employee engagement as the mediator). Essentially, military virtues and authentic leadership arouse the emotions of military personnel, who become engaged with the task to the extent that they become productive employees (mediated model). Alternatively, military virtues and authentic leadership may directly stimulate productivity, manifested in superior job performance (direct model).
  Keywords: military virtues; military culture; employee engagement; job performance; authentic leadership; extensive training; loyalty; courage; patience; self-discipline; caring.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJWOE.2025.10066436
   
  
• Nexus between Passive Leadership, Procrastination, Role Clarity and Counter-Productive Work Behaviour: an Angle of Moderated-Mediation  
  by Sonika Singh, Monita Mago, Shivinder Phoolka, Sandeep Singh 
  Abstract: The present study synchronises the relationship among the passive leadership style, procrastination, job clarity and counterproductive work behaviour. The study's objective is to examine the mediation effect of procrastination between passive leadership behaviour and counterproductive work behaviour and find the moderation effect of job clarity on this mediation. The study takes into consideration the medium and larger-scale textile industries located in Punjab (India). The sample of the survey includes 260 managers working in different textile factories. The data has been collected by using standardised scales. Based on previous literature, various hypotheses have been formulated. The data has been analysed by using PLS-SEM. The mediation is significant, but this mediation has not been conditional on job clarity. Further, the moderation effect of job clarity has been important in the relationship between passive leadership and procrastination. Finally, practical implications of the study have been presented.
  Keywords: passive leadership; procrastination; role clarity counter productive work behaviour.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJWOE.2025.10066906
   
  
• Relationship between Psychological Contract and Organisational Commitment: An Empirical Investigation on Airline Cabin Crew  
  by Shiju Sebastian, George A.P., Sarin Raju, Rofin T. M 
  Abstract: The study explores the link between organisational commitment (OCO) and psychological contract (PCO) among airline cabin crews. The study also investigates the moderation effect of the type of organisation and work experience in the relationship between PCO and OCO. A theoretical model with hypothesised relationship is developed and tested empirically using structural equation modelling with the data generated by means of a questionnaire survey conducted among the airline cabin crew. The study finds that: 1) There is a direct connection between PCO and OCO in the case of both employee PCO and employer PCO; 2) type of the organisation moderates the relation between: a) employer's PCO and employees' PCO; b) employer's PCO and OCO. We also found that the relationship between the PCO and OCO is moderated by the organisation type in the case of cabin crew working for private airlines but not for government-owned airlines. Since a favourable PCO is favourably correlated with OCO, the study's findings would assist airline operators in identifying the critical PCO dimensions that influence their OCO and helping them implement appropriate steps to increase their commitment to their staff.
  Keywords: psychological contract; organisational commitment; cabin crew; work experience; organisation type.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJWOE.2025.10067289
   
  
• Understanding the Relationship of Total Rewards Satisfaction and Retention - a PLS Multigroup and FIMIX Analysis using the Self Determination Theory Framework  
  by Jeeta Sarkar 
  Abstract: The study uses the self-determination theory framework to determine the causal linkage between total reward satisfaction (TRS) and retention through the mediating mechanism of need satisfaction variables (autonomy, relatedness and competence) on the TRS-Retention relationship. Based on a sample of 515 tech employees working in MNC and domestic IT organisations, the relationships were analysed using the variance-based path modelling (e.g., PLS-SEM), using SmartPLS 4.0 and integrating FIMIX-PLS and MGA. The results show that TRS is positively related to retention. Need satisfaction for autonomy, relatedness and competence mediate between TRS and retention. However, the findings are different from traditional SEM and FIMIX results. Since FIMIX and MGA results gave different insights about the role of TRS and need satisfaction, the study unveils theoretical and practical implications.
  Keywords: total rewards; retention; need satisfaction; FIMIX; MGA.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJWOE.2025.10067410
   
  
• Management Runway: a Metaphor of the Consequences of Management Fashion  
  by Caio Silva 
  Abstract: This paper compares management fashion to runway fashion, positing a link between their consequences. While runway fashion has been widely judged as a potential trigger to the development of Anorexia Nervosa, this essay provides a metaphor of management fashion and the development of Anorexia-like disorders in three diagnostic factors: restriction of energy intake, fear of gaining weight, and disturbance in self-image. Each of the diagnostic factors is explored in depth, providing organizational analogies to the psychological disorder. Restriction of energy intake is examined as the retrenchment from exploration and emphasis on exploitation of fashion. Fear of gaining weight concerns the cutting of slack resources essential for innovation and learning. Disturbance in self-image relates to the metrics employed to measure success which may be distorted by distress. Using the Anorexia metaphor, the essay makes a critical analysis of the organizational consequences of mindlessly following fashion, highlighting its potential perils.
  Keywords: management fashion; metaphor; critical management studies; complexity theory; organizational learning.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJWOE.2025.10067416
   
  
• Analysing the Dimensions of Workplace Spirituality and Job Satisfaction: a Field Study in the Turkish Banking Industry  
  by Ramazan Topal, Halil Zaim, Jean Ellefson, Vladimir Dzenopoljac, Nick Bontis 
  Abstract: This study investigates the effects of workplace spirituality on employees’ job satisfaction. Workplace spirituality has been evaluated based on three dimensions: inner life, sense of meaning, and sense of community. A field study was conducted post-COVID-19 pandemic on 283 Turkish service employees to test this relationship. Research findings reveal that all three dimensions of workplace spirituality positively impact employees' job satisfaction. Among these dimensions, the sense of community measured the most significant effect on job satisfaction, followed by the sense of meaning. Inner life positively but less considerably impacts job satisfaction than the other two dimensions.
  Keywords: workplace spirituality; employee wellbeing; inner life; sense of meaning; SM; sense of community; SC; job satisfaction; banking; Turkey.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJWOE.2025.10067587
   
  
• Individual Effectiveness in Virtual Teams: a System Approach  
  by Chau Huynh Thi Minh  
  Abstract: Globalization and technological advances have led to the rise of virtual teams that leverage information and communication technology for enhanced coordination and flexibility. This study employs a post-positivist quantitative approach grounded in group dynamics theory, systems theory, and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology to present a systems-based model at the individual level that examines how factors related to information and communication technology usage influence effectiveness in virtual teams. Validated with data from 368 virtual team members in international enterprises in Vietnam, the findings indicate that satisfaction and habits affect information and communication technology usage through continuance intention, which subsequently impacts job performance via informal learning, ultimately influencing life satisfaction. This study expands the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology by introducing new mechanisms and provides managers with a framework to enhance individual effectiveness by addressing both technological and social factors.
  Keywords: Group dynamics; IMO framework; informal learning; ICT; job performance; life satisfaction; socio-technical system; systems approach; UTAUT; virtual team.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJWOE.2025.10069609
   
  
• Emotional Intelligence in Healthcare Industry: a Bibliometric Analysis and Future Research Agenda  
  by Md Wasim Raza, Furquan Uddin, Haidar Abbas, Anwar Rasheed 
  Abstract: The application of emotional intelligence (EI) has gained widespread recognition across various industries, including healthcare, due to its potential to enhance patient-centred care, quality communication, and stress management. A systematic review employing the PRISMA framework was conducted to extract data from the Web of Science database, while bibliometric analysis was used to gain a deeper understanding of EIs intellectual structure in healthcare. Utilising VOSviewer, co-citation, co-occurrence, and bibliographic coupling analysis were performed, highlighting the effect of nations, journals, institutions, and authors, and producing thematic clusters. Notably, eminent researchers Neal Ashknasy, Joseph C. Rode, and William H. Bommer contributed significantly to the EI field. The reviews findings reveal a dearth of studies on affective computing and artificial intelligence in the EI context, stressing the need for training programs on EI and cultural intelligence for healthcare employees.
  Keywords: Emotional Intelligence; Emotional Competence; Stress; Healthcare.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJWOE.2025.10069627
   
  
• Harnessing Emotion: the haptic and Acoustic Professionalism of Guide Dogs  
  by Tiamat Warda  
  Abstract: Guide dogs are expected to guide vision impaired humans in a professional manner, whereby their emotion displays are calm and confident. To do so successfully, they perform emotional labour by continuously managing their emotion displays. Emotional labour efforts that construct a professional demeanour can be visually appreciated in multispecies workplaces. However, emotional labour outcomes of guide dogs can be received haptically and acoustically - of particular importance for the vision impaired humans they live and work with. This paper’s outcomes are based on data collected through a patchwork ethnography spanning nine years. It presents the role that physical touch, equipment, and sound can play as emotional labour outcomes performed by guide dogs. In doing so, it deepens existing interspecies emotional labour discourse by introducing a more nuanced understanding of emotional labour performed by individuals of other species, as well as how this can be received by vision impaired humans.
  Keywords: Guide dogs; emotional labour; interspecies emotional labour; harness; GDMI; emotion management; emotion displays; animal organisation; interspecies work; assistance dog.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJWOE.2025.10069721
   
  
• From Likes to Loyalty: Building Employer Brand through Social Media  
  by Neelam Dhall, Disha Garg 
  Abstract: The present study aims to examine the relationships between social media marketing, perceived employer attractiveness and job applicants' intent to join. The study also aims to investigate the employer branding activities prevalent across organisations and the role of social media in shaping such employer branding endeavours. The study used a mixed-method approach, employing a descriptive research design. The proposed conceptual model was tested through the quantitative data analysis using Structural Equation Modelling. For this purpose, the data was collected through a questionnaire from 460 post graduate students in management stream studying in top academic institutions located in Delhi, NCR. For qualitative insights, in-depth interviews were conducted with HR professionals involved in employer branding. The quantitative study validates the proposed framework, with all the hypotheses supported, showing social media marketing positively impacting employer attractiveness and job applicant intent to join.
  Keywords: Employer Branding; Employer Attractiveness; Intent to join; Social Media.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJWOE.2026.10069726
   
  
• Does Servant Leadership Influence Vigour, Dedication and Absorption of Generation-Z Employees Role Emotional Stability and Artificial Intelligence Adoption (AIA)  
  by Md Asadul Islam, Mohammad Nurul Alam, Subbulakshmi Somu, Mirza Manirajah Bin Abdullah 
  Abstract: Drawing on job demand resource theory, this study examines the relationship between servant leadership and three dimensions of employee engagement i.e., vigour, dedication and absorption. This research has also investigated emotional stability as a mediator in these relationships. Moreover, it has tested the moderating role of artificial intelligence adoption (AIA) on the relationship between emotional stability and vigour, dedication and absorption. Data were collected from generation Z employees (born after 1997) working in 3, 4, and 5-star hotels in Bangladesh and were analysed using partial least structural equation modelling. Investigation reveals that servant leadership has a dual influence on vigour, dedication and absorption directly and indirectly through emotional stability. Moreover, AIA was found to be a moderator on the relationship between emotional stability and vigour and dedication. This study has both theoretical and practical implications.
  Keywords: Servant leadership; Vigour; Dedication; Absorption; Emotional stability; Artificial intelligence adoption (AIA).
  DOI: 10.1504/IJWOE.2025.10069833
   
  
• Role of Workplace Spirituality in Improving Psychological Capital and Wellbeing of Employees in Organisation  
  by Manish Kumar Dwivedi  
  Abstract: The objective of the study is to investigate the impact of workplace spirituality in enhancing psychological capital (PsyCap) aspects and improving wellbeing. The data has been collected from 423 respondents from a diverse group of employees working in various organizations. To construct a research model, an integrated approach of well-being theory (WBT), proposed by Seligman (2011) and Broaden-and-Build theory of Positive Emotions, proposed by Fredrickson (2001) were used. Hierarchical Regression Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modelling were conducted for testing the relationship between variables in the model. The results indicated the following estimates of model fit: CMIN= 2.463, GFI= .909, AGFI= .870, NFI= .863, CFI= .912, RMSEA= .062 and the scores proved the model to be a good fit. The model satisfied the condition of discriminant and convergent validity. The results showed that mindfulness moderates the relationship between workplace spirituality and psychological capital and wellbeing.
  Keywords: Psychological Capital; Workplace Spirituality; Wellbeing; Mindfulness.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJWOE.2026.10069843
   
  
• -Pathology of the Process of Appointing Managers in the Education and Training Organisation  
  by Mohammad Sheikhzadeh, Zahra Nikkhah-Farkhani, Tayebe Rahimi Pordanjani 
  Abstract: This study examines the pathology of selecting senior education managers in North Khorasan Province. The research, conducted in qualitative and quantitative phases, involved 2334 school principals and 84 central office managers. In the qualitative phase, 40 managers (24 principals, 16 office managers) were interviewed using purposive sampling until data saturation. Participants categorised selection pathologies into environmental, structural, and individual factors. Thematic analysis shaped a model, later validated through a questionnaire distributed to 400 managers. Data analysis using CFA and PLS software confirmed the models fit after refining identified pathologies. Findings revealed that structural pathology had the most significant impact, followed by environmental factors. The study recommends implementing a comprehensive human resource management system to mitigate selection process deficiencies in educational management.
  Keywords: Pathology assessment; Process-related pathology; Education managers; Triangular model; Pragmatism approach.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJWOE.2025.10070036
   
  
• Emotional Intelligence as a Predictor of Leadership and Job Performance of Teachers in Higher Education Institutions  
  by Vandana Madaan, Sultan Singh 
  Abstract: In Higher Education Institutions (HEI), the performance of educators is influenced by varied factors but the most important factor amongst all includes emotional intelligence (EI) and leadership style (LS). The present study was carried out to understand the role of emotional intelligence in predicting the leadership style and job performance of teachers in HEIs in Haryana. The researcher inspected that association between EI, Leadership style and job performance and found significant relation amongst them. Further, the study also aims to investigate the predictive value of EI and LS on Job performance. The study emphasized that emotional intelligence significantly predicts leadership style and job performance and it is pertinent for academic leaders to develop strong sense of emotions and adopt leadership style as it influences their own and students' performance.
  Keywords: Emotional Intelligence; Leadership style; job performance; gender; HEIs; Educators.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJWOE.2026.10070155
   
  
• Exploring the Dynamics of Professional Relationships: a Grounded Theory Study of Vietnamese EFL Teachers' Collegial Challenges  
  by Trut Thuy Pham, Thanh Thao Le 
  Abstract: This qualitative study aimed to explore the factors that challenge collegial relationships among Vietnamese EFL teachers. Utilising a grounded theory approach, the research involved semi-structured interviews with nine Vietnamese EFL teachers, representing various career stages - novice, mid-career, and near-end - across two educational institutions in Vietnam. The study identified several key themes affecting collegial dynamics: navigating hierarchical dynamics, conflict over educational philosophies, resource competition and allocation, impact of personal values and beliefs, communication barriers and misunderstandings, work-life balance challenges, impact of institutional policies and practices, cultural and generational differences, emotional labour and stress, professional development and growth opportunities, and external pressures and educational reforms. These findings highlight the complexity of factors influencing collegial relationships, emphasising the interplay of cultural, institutional, and personal elements. The study's theoretical framework incorporated social interactionism and the concept of professional identity, offering nuanced insights into how these dynamics shape professional interactions.
  Keywords: A grounded theory study; collegial challenges; professional relationships; Vietnamese EFL teachers.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJWOE.2026.10070162
   
  
• Demographic Fault Lines and Social Exchange Theory: Mapping the Landscape of Faculty Engagement and Creativity  
  by Yuvika Singh, Shivinder Phoolka 
  Abstract: The current study explores the complex relationship between demographic factors, creativity, and work engagement in higher education sector, through the lens of Social Exchange Theory (SET). Using stratified random sampling, data from 389 public university faculty in Punjab, India, were analysed. The study examines how demographic factors like age, gender, marital status, level of education, level of income, designation, employment type, and work experience impact faculty engagement and creativity. The DECS model (DEMO-ENGAGE-CREATIVE-SET Model) charts the demographic factors against the faculty engagement and creativity outcomes, highlighting the disparities in the engagement among married, older, high-income, and experienced faculty members while showcasing higher creativity among the male, highly educated, and senior faculty. These diverse findings highlight the complex nature of intellectual capital development in higher education through DECS model informed by SET. The study enhances the understanding of diversity, engagement, and creativity in academia, aiding university administrators, policymakers, and scholars.
  Keywords: Demographic diversity; faculty engagement; creativity; social exchange theory; higher education.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJWOE.2026.10070374
   
  
• Is Spirituality a Catalyst for Employees’ Staying Intention? An Exploration through Job Crafting and Employee Wellbeing  
  by Jyoti Sharma, Vriti Jain, Anuja Akhouri, Mosab Tabash 
  Abstract: Workplace spirituality has emerged within the fields of positive organisational studies and has garnered global attention from the realm of management. The research explores the influence of workplace spirituality on employees' staying intention through job crafting and employee wellbeing utilising the theoretical approach of JD-R. The research findings are the result of a quantitative analysis of a survey of 200 employees employed in a leading private sector bank. The results indicate that job crafting and employee wellbeing fully and sequentially mediates the relation of spirituality at workplace with intention to stay. The outcomes of the current research underscore the importance of integrating workplace spirituality into the corporate culture so as to improve the wellbeing of employees, which subsequently affects their intention to remain. The spiritual resources can be employed as a means to manage and address perceived levels of stress, thereby enhancing their overall feeling of wellbeing.
  Keywords: Spiritual environment; psychological wellbeing; turnover; bottom-up approach.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJWOE.2026.10070394
   
  
• Intelligent Predictive Hiring Model and Personality Assessment  
  by Mishael Sneha, Gokulapriya Raman, Divya Vetriveeran 
  Abstract: Selecting the right candidates is essential for organisational success, yet traditional hiring methods often fall short. This research introduces an advanced approach integrating natural language processing (NLP), personality assessment, and deep learning to improve candidate selection. NLP extracts key attributes from job descriptions and resumes, while personality assessments evaluate candidate suitability. A fusion of LSTM and RNN models predicts job fit using a dataset of job roles, resumes, and MBTI personality types. Pre processing includes tokenisation, encoding, and data splitting for training and testing. The model architecture combines embedding layers with LSTM units, optimised using binary cross-entropy loss and accuracy metrics. Results show that this fusion model outperforms traditional algorithms, improving job matching accuracy. This research enhances recruitment by leveraging AIdriven insights. Future work will refine predictive models, integrate additional data, and address ethical concerns to ensure fairness and transparency, fostering a more efficient and equitable hiring process.
  Keywords: Natural Language Processing; Intelligent Hiring; Personality Assessment; Deep Neural Networks.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJWOE.2026.10070529
   
  
• An Examination of the Nexus between Mindfulness and Mental Wellbeing: a Study among Working Women of IT Sector in North Tamil Nadu  
  by Rajeswari A, Manigandan Raman, Gomatthi S, Pulidindi Venugopal, Naga Venkata Raghuram J 
  Abstract: India has the largest percentage of women population with the inclusion of both working and non-working women community. This study aims to investigate the impact of mindfulness on mental well-being with the mediating role of emotional regulation. This study utilised non-probability, purposive sampling technique. The data collections are through structured questionnaire method. SMART PLS software is used in this study for analysing the data. Emotional regulation positively mediates the relationship between mindfulness and mental well-being. The study findings reveals that there is a significant impact of mindfulness on mental well-being of the working women and that is adequate to conclude that working women needs to be given mindful training, techniques and practices to increase their mental well-being. The aim of the research is to provide concrete evidence on how mindfulness techniques can be used to improve mental well-being in professional environments, specifically focusing on working women in the dynamic IT industry. It emphasises the importance of creating a friendly work environment that promotes mental health.
  Keywords: Mindfulness; Working women; Meditation; Mental health; Well-being; Mindful meditation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJWOE.2025.10070539