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International Journal of Technology, Policy and Management
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Abstract: Content moderators (CMs) are private or state sector professionals responsible for inspecting user-generated content and applying policies to decide whether contentious content should remain online or be removed. CMs were required to review an unprecedented increase in illegal content during the COVID-19 pandemic. The existing evidence, although mostly anecdotal, suggests that frequent exposure to such content affects CM's well-being, mental health, and quality of life, as well as their work competence, satisfaction, and productivity. This study utilises (N = 9) in-depth qualitative interviews with CMs, which explored the impact of this work in the exceptional and challenging period of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this paper is to critically explore what lessons can be learned from CM's experiences at work and how they coped with the difficulties created by COVID-19. This research will in turn assist organisations in identifying what is needed to improve conditions and mental well-being in the workplace. Keywords: content moderators; social media; tech industry; labour conditions; digital first-responders; COVID-19; CSAM; lockdown; work-from-home; mental well-being. DOI: 10.1504/IJTPM.2024.10058414 The impacts of strategic adaptation capability, goal achievement excellence, and stakeholder expectation fulfillment on dynamic corporate competitiveness: An empirical evidence from the Thai economy by Wasin Phetphongphan, Atthaphon Mumi Abstract: The literature emphasizes the importance of a firm's dynamic capabilities in responding to rapid changes in the environment. However, research on the antecedents of firms becoming dynamic is limited. This study thus focuses on dynamic corporate competitiveness to demonstrate a firm's ability to adapt in order to gain a competitive advantage in an uncertain environment. In addition, we propose three influential factors that would lead to improved dynamic corporate competitiveness: strategic adaptation capability, goal achievement excellence, and stakeholder expectation fulfilment. We employed structural equation modelling to investigate the proposed relationships using a sample of 156 companies from Thailand. The results found that goal achievement excellence and stakeholder expectation fulfilment have the positive and significant effects on dynamic corporate competitiveness. Interestingly, we found no empirical evidence of the impact of strategic adaptation capability, which led to a discussion of context-specific results. This study contributes to the literature regarding dynamic capability as well as triggers further discussion of adaptation capability and dynamic capabilities for firms. Keywords: Strategic adaptation capability; Goal achievement excellence; Stakeholder expectations fulfillment; Dynamic corporate competitiveness; Dynamic Capabilities. DOI: 10.1504/IJTPM.2024.10058696 A Human-Centric Technological Innovation System Based on Knowledge Processes and Human Capital by Aymen Kayal Abstract: Technological Innovation Systems (TIS) focuses on understanding the emergence of an innovation system around new technologies to support the development and diffusion of these technologies. People are crucial to the invention, dissemination, and application of knowledge. The key dynamics and interactions of human capital in the context of the demand for, development of, and dissemination of knowledge and innovations within TIS are still missing from the literature. This study created a macro-level human-centric TIS model based on three fundamental and interconnected knowledge processes: knowledge creation, knowledge diffusion, and knowledge demand. It then goes on to provide a qualitative literature-based description of the dynamic interactions of technology human capital (THC) within TIS's three knowledge processes. The study provides logical arguments for policymakers and practitioners to devote more effort, attention, and resources to THC development in an effort to advance a healthy and sustainable TISs that support the notions of Society 5.0 and Industry 5.0. Keywords: Technological innovation system; technology human capital; knowledge processes; qualitative system dynamics. DOI: 10.1504/IJTPM.2024.10058998 Corporate Social Responsibility and Pay Ratio: Why Do Socially Responsible Firms Pay Their Employees More by Kwangjoo Koo Abstract: We examine whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance in firms influences pay inequality, as measured by the proportion of CEO pay relative to average employee pay. Social comparison theory suggests that CSR performance will lead to lower pay inequality as CEOs seek to avoid potential undesirable employee performance associated with negative perceptions of pay fairness. Tournament theory, however, suggests that both firms and the most talented employees benefit from maintaining higher levels of pay inequality, stating that extraordinary efforts lead to rewards for strong performance. Our findings provide evidence in support of the predictions of social comparison theory, with firms exhibiting lower levels of pay inequality when their CSR performance is relatively strong. Overall, our evidence highlights the positive impact of CSR performance on pay inequality. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility; Pay Ratio; Financial Regulation; Social Comparison; Tournament. DOI: 10.1504/IJTPM.2024.10059507 Assessing the digital divide in OECD and BRICS countries: implications for public policy by Natalia I. Lavrikova, Leyla R. Magomaeva, Gayane A. Kochyan, Sergey Ponomarev, Elena P. Borshchevskaya Abstract: The study aims to identify the digital divide in the OECD and BRICS countries as a policy outcome and to justify priority areas for government regulation to ensure digital alignment in the global economy. The article reveals the content of the concept of "digital divide" and identifies the sources of its deepening in the current environment. The authors analysed available development indicators for developed OECD countries and developing BRICS countries to identify existing forms of digital inequality as a result of implemented government policies. The article substantiates priority areas of state regulation to strengthen the position of developing countries and achieve digital equalization in the global economy. Keywords: policy; technology; digitalization; digital divide; digital inequality; OECD; BRICS; management. DOI: 10.1504/IJTPM.2024.10060350 Risk assessment on floating water photovoltaic power generation projects in China using the HFLTS-cloud model method by Xiaokun Sun Abstract: Floating water photovoltaic (PV) power generation is the new development direction of China's current PV industry. However, there is less research on floating water PV plants and risk assessment is an important part of project feasibility study. This paper firstly identifies 18 key criteria in economic, technical, environmental and management aspects; secondly, considering the uncertainty of the evaluation language and the fuzziness of the decision-making environment, this paper uses Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic Term Sets (HFLTS) to collect information, and uses Analytic Network Process (ANP) to determine the weight of indicators, combined with fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE) method to build a risk assessment framework; thirdly, this paper conducts an empirical study on China, and verifies the effectiveness and applicability of the assessment model through comparative analysis. The results indicates that the risk level of floating water PV power projects in China is slightly-high. Keywords: Risk assessment; Floating photovoltaic water power generation projects; Hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set; Cloud model; Fuzzy synthetic evaluation. DOI: 10.1504/IJTPM.2024.10060415 Exploring Key Machine Learning Technologies and Developments in Photonics from the Perspective of Patent Examiners by Shu-Hao Chang, Chin-Yuan Fan Abstract: As smart applications mature, the application of machine learning technologies in photonics has become a prospective research area. Thus, the present study investigated various patents identified and cited by examiners, and a technology network model was employed to identify key technologies. Several major technologies were identified, namely those pertaining to electric digital data processing, graphical data reading, signaling and calling systems, vehicles, vehicle fittings, and vehicle parts. Various differences between the technologies cited by applicants and examiners were discovered. The technologies most frequently cited by applicants pertained to diagnoses, surgeries, and identification, whereas those most often cited by examiners pertained to electric digital data processing; notably, examiners used the technologies in this field to approve, reject, or limit the scope of patent rights. The results of the present study can serve as a reference for researching and improving resource allocation. Keywords: machine learning; photonics; patent examiner; patent analysis; network analysis; examiner citations. DOI: 10.1504/IJTPM.2024.10061545 Agricultural Waste Management: A Policy Perspective from India by Divya Siwach, Anu Gupta Abstract: Agricultural waste falls in different categories and each category requires their unique management technique. Some of these techniques can be implemented at the local level, while some have larger policy implication. Governments have been updating their policies and regulations regularly to manage agro-waste. However, there are many challenges in implementation of these policies. Present work presents a comprehensive review of the present waste management scenario. Need of policies and regulations has been discussed w.r.t the challenges associated with agro-waste management. The regulation and policies for agriculture waste management have been presented from Indian perspective. The work is helpful not only for the careful implementation of the policies, but also to delineate the need for new policies. Agro-waste can be beneficial for society in the form of energy, bio-fuel production, bio-fertilizer, compost, biogas, paper etc. if properly managed. This can serve as a new eco-friendly materials towards sustainability. Keywords: agriculture waste management policies waste management techniques policy implications. DOI: 10.1504/IJTPM.2024.10062091 Digital Currencies: The Technology Adoption vs Policy Implications by Gabriel A. Ogunmola, Amir Zia, Vikas Kumar Abstract: The study examines the evolving terrain of digital currencies, delving into the factors contributing to expansion and the diverse regulatory approaches across different geographical regions. The rapid growth of the digital currency industry can be attributed to the technology advancements, increased financial inclusivity, rising investor enthusiasm, globalisation, economic instability and the growing applications of blockchain technology. Whereas, the policymakers are confronted with a range of challenges, encompassing the necessity for synchronised regulatory frameworks, safeguarding the consumer interests as well as the acceptability of digital currencies in global trade. The proposition of cross-border collaboration has been put forth as a strategy to effectively tackle the difficulties of international trade. This paper thoroughly examines the factors driving digital currencies towards widespread adoption in the financial sector, as well as the changing regulatory environment surrounding Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs). Policy recommendations and implications have been drawn from the perspective of different stakeholders. Keywords: Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT) Regulatory frameworks Digital currency Blockchain applications. DOI: 10.1504/IJTPM.2024.10062151 The impact of climate change on the entry of newly registered enterprises by Yanyun Chen, XiangYu Liu, Jingting Tu, Kun Liao Abstract: Climate change is one of the most pressing issues confronting the economy and society today. This research explores the mechanism of climate change on firm entry behaviour based on Chinese municipal equilibrium panel data from 2009 to 2019. The empirical results are as follows: 1) The climate change significantly limits firm entry behaviour, i.e., the more extreme temperature days, the lower the firm entrance; 2) labour supply, human capital, or consumer demand are significant mediators of how climate change influences firm entrance; and 3) at the regional level, there are significant disparities in the entry of firms on the east and west sides of the Hu Line as a result of climate change, indicating that climate change promotes the entry of enterprises on the west side of the Hu Line while negatively inhibiting the entry of enterprises on the east side of the Hu Line. Keywords: Climate Change; Firm Entry; the Hu Line; Micro-breakthrough. DOI: 10.1504/IJTPM.2024.10062168 Identifying emerging technologies to foresee the future of intelligent ships: A machine learning approach to patent data by Weiwei Liu, Jingyi Yao, Kexin Bi Abstract: The development of emerging technologies for intelligent ships is related to the transformation and modernisation of the shipping industry. However, identifying and predicting emerging technologies in the field of intelligent ships is an imminent yet overlooked task. In this paper, we propose a machine learning-based framework for identifying and predicting emerging technologies based on the patent data. The LDA model is used to identify technology topics within the field of intelligent ships, we then construct an indicator system to recognise emerging technology topics. Ultimately, the LSTM network is adopted to predict the development trends of these emerging technologies. The results show that intelligent control systems, lane design and optimisation, and ship equipment intelligence are emerging technology topics for intelligent ships. The research not only provides insights for sustainable development and innovation of intelligent ships, but also offers research avenues for accurately identifying emerging technology topics and forecasting their development trends. Keywords: Emerging technology topics; Machine learning approach; Intelligent ship; LSTM network; LDA model. DOI: 10.1504/IJTPM.2024.10062998 Adoption of technological service innovations: a systematic review investigating the special role of incremental innovations by Dorothy Dutta, Mrinmoy K. Sarma Abstract: Innovations are a medium for generating revenue as well as keeping consumers' interest in a brand intact. With the technological developments in business sectors all over, service innovations are gaining much popularity. This paper attempts to estimate the factors that influence consumers to adopt technological service innovations. Moreover, incremental innovations have become an inseparable part of digital platforms in recent times, and this paper attempts to analyse their situation in the literature. A systematic review has been conducted for the study, in which 52 papers are analysed in detail. The papers are selected based on strict parameters. The results show that technology acceptance models such as Innovation Diffusion Theory, TRA, TPB, TAM, UTAUT, and such extensions are effective frameworks for measuring adoption behaviour. Apart from them, factors related to risks, security and privacy concerns, and the barriers to adoption form relevant factors. Keywords: service; innovations; technological; incremental; adoptions. DOI: 10.1504/IJTPM.2024.10058087 The socio-legal challenges of privacy issues in smart healthcare 4.0 ecosystem by Jayanta Ghosh, Oishika Banerji Abstract: The healthcare industry is using the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, artificial intelligence, wearable devices, cloud computing, edge computing, and other technologies to improve medical care, fulfil individual needs, and manage modern medicine. Smart healthcare has obstacles from unknown development targets, data integration, and the lack of uniform medical institution standards across areas, which wastes resources. Lack of popular understanding about smart healthcare has led to two major privacy issues: a knowledge deficit about how patient data is affected by smart healthcare 4.0 ecosystem policies and regulations, and hackers and their actions that pose a significant threat to public safety. This research will propose unified tech regulation criteria to ensure digital integrity and barrier-free information flow, utilising blockchain technology to counteract technological hazards and ensure data security and balanced information transmission. This will secure a smart healthcare 4.0 environment with sociolegal privacy concerns. Keywords: healthcare; technology; privacy; public policy; socio-legal. DOI: 10.1504/IJTPM.2024.10058879 Exploring perceived value influencing intention to use towards mobile payment during COVID-19: individual differences and self-efficacy as moderators by Hwai-Shuh Shieh, Hsiu-Wei Lu Abstract: This study aims to explore the impact of perceived value, individual differences and self-efficacy of consumers towards their intention of using mobile during COVID-19. This study adopts the technology acceptance model (TAM) with individual differences and self-efficacy factors affecting consumers' intentions towards using mobile payment and employs structural equation modelling to analyse. A convenient sampling technique is used to gather data from a self-administered questionnaire. The results confirm that consumers' intention of using mobile payment was influenced by their perceived value, individual differences and self-efficacy. Perceived convenience and perceived enjoyment positively affect intention to use; however, perceived fees and perceived risk negatively influence intention to use. Moreover, this study demonstrates that innovativeness and knowledge of mobile payment both have positive effects on intention to use. Self-efficacy influences the intention to use positively as well. The current study offers a holistic understanding of significant factors influencing Taiwan consumers' intention of using mobile payment. Keywords: perceived value; use intention; individual differences; self-efficacy; mobile payment. DOI: 10.1504/IJTPM.2024.10061496 Research on the evaluation method of the cost deviation control effect for complex large-scale construction projects based on the matter-element extension theory by Xiaokun Sun Abstract: For complex large-scale construction projects (CLCP), each participating entity needs to implement corresponding adjustment and control strategies for the cost deviation generated by the project, and how to scientifically evaluate the control effect is very important for controlling the project cost. However, very little attention has been paid to this area. This paper makes the following innovations and improvements: (1) a scientific and complete indicator system has been established, and the Best-Worst method and K-centroid clustering algorithm have been applied, respectively, to effectively determine indicator weights and expert weights; (2) based on the idea of matter-element extension, an evaluation model combined with a hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set and cloud model is put forward to guide the evaluation of the cost deviation control effect of CLCP; (3) a Chinese case study is conducted and comparative analysis is carried out. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the model. Keywords: CLCP; complex large-scale construction projects; cost deviation control effect evaluation; HFLTS; hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set; cloud model; matter-element extension. DOI: 10.1504/IJTPM.2024.10058379 |