International Journal of Technology, Policy and Management (20 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• The Application and Optimisation of Extensive Data Analysis in the Evaluation of the Effect of Marketing Strategies on Agricultural Machinery Enterprises  
  by Wei Shen 
  Abstract: Effective decision-making is crucial for business growth, particularly when financial factors are involved. This study employs AI models to analyze the relationship between selected agroeconomic indicators and digital marketing data. It is essential to explain how these metrics influence decision-making. Data was collected from the websites of five leading agricultural companies, where index values were recorded and compiled. Psychological stress and depression assessments were used to explore potential correlations with digital marketing usage. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models were applied to establish these connections. Key metrics include advertising traffic sources, business-related expenses (both incurred and avoided), and overall digital engagement. Increasingly, large agricultural firms are being advised to invest in AI and digital marketing tools. These technologies help them better understand employment trends and fluctuations in prices of equipment, medications, and agricultural inputs. As a result, companies can make more informed decisions and develop more effective business strategies.
  Keywords: Agroeconomic indexes; big data; AI; ANN; digital marketing; digital transformation; predictive analytics; agriculture; decision support systems (DSS).
  DOI: 10.1504/IJTPM.2027.10073781
   
  
• The Role of Government Policy in Accelerating Technology-Driven Economic Growth  
  by Jing Chang 
  Abstract: The economy of cities could grow if the government made it easy for businesses to go digital. This will help cities grow better by giving politicians more information. A big reason why towns economies do well in the long run is that businesses are becoming more digital. The purpose of the study is to find out if making the government digital really does make businesses more likely to go digital, which helps urban economies grow. This is done with information from A-share listed companies from 2012 to 2022 and information made by the urban big data administration office. Most studies show that when the government goes digital, it speeds up the digital change of businesses by a lot. The variety study shows that the policies of a country can be different depending on its location, the type of government it has, and the speed at which its economy grows.
  Keywords: digital government; digital transformation; urban business environment; information search costs; urban economic sustainable development.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJTPM.2027.10074276
   
  
• Evaluation of Renewable Energy Investment under the Mixed Policy Scenario of Carbon Trading and Green Certificate Trading  
  by Qian Cao 
  Abstract: Against the backdrop of Chinas dual carbon goals and energy transition, renewable energy (RE) investment is crucial. This study examines the combined effect of Chinas carbon trading (CT) and green certificate trading (GCT) policies on promoting RE investment. Using utility analysis, cost-benefit assessment, and sensitivity analysis, it quantifies economic and environmental benefits and tests policy flexibility. Granger causality tests and Pearson correlation coefficients identify time-lagged impacts and variable relationships. Results show policy incentives, market demand, and technological innovation significantly boost RE generation, while CT and GCT prices directly affect investment returns. In one regional case, post-policy economic benefits rose from 3.5 to 4.1 million yuan, while CO emissions dropped from 530,000 to 400,000 tons. Granger tests confirmed CT and GCT prices significantly influence RE output with a time lag. The study concludes that policy incentives and market mechanisms are essential for advancing renewable energy.
  Keywords: Carbon trading; Mixed policies; Renewable energy; Investment effects; Green certificate trading.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJTPM.2026.10074723
   
  
• The Integration of Network Security Protocols into Corporate Governance and Risk Management Practices  
  by Qinqing Weng, Haoheng Tian, Xia Sun, Lijia Huang 
  Abstract: Information transmitted over a network must be secured. Protocols, which are sets of rules and systems, ensure secure communication by defining how to connect, transmit, and receive data. Initially, these protocols aimed to prevent unauthorised access and tampering by malicious actors. As hackers evolved, so did security measures. This section presents a theoretical approach to risk analysis based on risk profiles, helping decision-makers balance security costs against potential threats. A control measure should not be implemented if its cost exceeds the current risk. Both subjective and objective weights are considered, along with uncertainty measures. These are used to calculate final evaluation weights. The Dempster-Shafer (D-S) theory and pignistic probability transformation (PPT) are then applied to assess network risk levels. Two case studies demonstrate the method’s effectiveness. This dual-weighted risk assessment supports informed decision-making and provides a comprehensive view of network security.
  Keywords: Network security; Corporate Governance; Risk Management Practices; decision-making.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJTPM.2026.10074727
   
  
• Cognitive Dissonance and Online Consumer Behaviour: A Bibliometric-Scientific Analysis and Future Directions  
  by Meenakshi Devi, Ganesh Dash, Gangwar P. Veer, Majed Helmi 
  Abstract: The present study reviews existing literature on cognitive dissonance and online consumers, using bibliometric analysis to summarise several studies in a single paper. This analysis identifies future directions and offers insight into the fields development and advancement. A bibliometric evaluation was conducted to understand the rapid growth of scientific research, identifying the most-discussed topics and those that warrant further investigation. Using the Scopus database, 234 relevant publications from 2000 to 2024 were selected. It was then evaluated using Biblioshiny and VOSviewer software to identify significant authors, studies, journals, emerging themes, and keywords in the domains of cognitive dissonance and online consumer behaviour. Results showed an increasing trend in publications, indicating significant advancements in the field of study. The analysis combines the findings from existing studies, helps develop a conceptual model, and identifies research themes or gaps that need further investigation.
  Keywords: Cognitive Dissonance; Online Consumer Behavior; Purchase Intention; Online Buying; E-commerce; Bibliometric Analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJTPM.2026.10074798
   
  
• Space Sustainability and Resilience: A Policy Perspective for Emerging Technologies  
  by Alper Oren 
  Abstract: The exponential growth of space activities, driven by commercial expansion, mega-constellations, and geopolitical rivalries, has created critical sustainability and resilience challenges in global space governance. Current regulatory frameworks, including the Outer Space Treaty and voluntary initiatives, inadequately address orbital congestion, space debris, and cybersecurity vulnerabilities. This study examines governance gaps and the potential of Emerging and Disruptive Technologies AI, blockchain, and quantum computing in enhancing sustainability. While AI improves space situational awareness, it raises liability concerns. Blockchain offers regulatory transparency but lacks mandates. Quantum communications bolster security but risk monopolisation. The paper proposes a multi-tiered policy framework integrating binding regulations, economic incentives, and multilateral cooperation. It advocates for enforceable space traffic management, private-sector engagement, and inclusive governance to ensure long-term stability, security, and equitable access. The findings offer actionable recommendations for stakeholders to align innovation with responsible governance in this decisive decade.
  Keywords: Space Sustainability; Resilience in Space Governance; Emerging and Disruptive Technologies; Space Traffic Management; Orbital Congestion and Debris Mitigation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJTPM.2026.10074836
   
  
• Creating Awareness of Intellectual Property Rights as an Entrepreneurship Capacity-Building Program. What Promotes the Growth of Sustainable Knowledge, Skills, Attitudes, and Behavioural Intentions of an IP Professional?  
  by Satya Ranjan Acharya, Yamini Chandra 
  Abstract: This study analyses the impact of two flagship online intellectual property rights (IPR) certification programs Nurturing Innovation and Startup Ecosystem (NISE) and Comprehensive Online Intellectual Property Rights Certificate Course (COIPRc) launched by i-Hub, an initiative of the Student Startup Innovation Policy (SSIP), Government of Gujarat, India. Using preand- post-training data, the study evaluates participants knowledge, managerial skills, attitudes, and behavioural intentions toward IPR management. Findings indicate that behavioural intention is the strongest factor influencing IP professionals competencies. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers and educators in strengthening entrepreneurial ecosystems through IPR-focused capacity-building programs. Future studies are recommended for broader analysis
  Keywords: entrepreneurship capacity-building; intellectual property rights; sustainable development; technology commercialization.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJTPM.2026.10075022
   
  
• The Impact of Tariffs on the Mexican Agroindustry: a Conceptual Analysis Amidst the Uncertain U.S. Trade Policy  
  by Francisco Preciado-Álvarez, Fabian Ojeda-Pérez 
  Abstract: This study analyses the impact of U.S. tariff policy on the Mexican agroindustry from a theoretical and conceptual perspective. A qualitative methodology was employed, based on a literature review and prospective scenario analysis using international trade models. The research follows an exploratory and documentary design, evaluating the sector's competitiveness, investment, and stability under different tariff regimes. The results indicate that trade uncertainty discourages investment and affects employment in rural regions. Three scenarios were identified: trade liberalisation, extreme protectionism, and permanent uncertainty. As a limitation, the study lacks recent empirical data, highlighting the need for future research. It is concluded that market diversification and trade stability are key to mitigating the negative effects of tariff barriers.
  Keywords: tariff policy; international trade; agroindustry; protectionism; trade uncertainty.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJTPM.2026.10075475
   
  
• Does Artificial Intelligence Promote the Synergistic Construction of Low-Carbon Cities and Smart Cities  
  by Yanyun Chen, Hongzhou Xie, Kun Liao, Ke Ke 
  Abstract: Based on the instrumental variables method and panel regression model, this paper explores the relationship between AI and smart low-carbon cities using Chinese provincial panel data from 2015-2022, and finds that AI has a significant enhancement effect on the construction of low-carbon cities and smart cities, a conclusion supported in both the benchmark regression and 2SLS results and held true after multiple robustness tests. Additionally, in the mechanism test, the level of informatisation and the labour market respectively play a mediating role in the relationship between AI and low-carbon cities as well as in the relationship between AI and smart cities. Moreover, regressing AI indicators on the cross-multiplier terms of low-carbon cities and smart cities proves that AI has a positive impact on the synergistic construction of low-carbon cities and smart cities.
  Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Smart City; Low-Carbon City; Synergistic Construction.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJTPM.2026.10075750
   
  
• Low-carbon Tourism Carbon Emission Prediction Based on LightGBM and Model Interpreter Integration  
  by Na Zheng 
  Abstract: As climate change concerns grow, the tourism industry faces serious carbon emission challenges, especially with urbanisation and rising consumption. Emissions from transportation, accommodation, and cultural activities significantly impact the environment. This study proposes a hybrid model combining light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) and local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME), optimised using improved particle swarm optimisation (IPSO) and the STIRPAT model. The approach integrates multivariable data to enhance prediction and environmental impact analysis. Experimental results show the model achieves a prediction accuracy of 0.98 and reduces RMSE to 0.13, outperforming traditional XGBoost (RMSE 0.38). Ridge regression coefficients (0.550.15) explain the influence of factors on emissions. This hybrid model improves prediction performance and supports carbon management and energy efficiency in tourism. Accurate forecasts enable industries to formulate low-carbon strategies, support sustainable growth, and provide a scientific basis for policymakers, promoting the development of green and sustainable tourism.
  Keywords: Light gradient boosting machine; Local interpretable model-agnostic explanations; Low-carbon tourism; Carbon emission prediction; STIRPAT.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJTPM.2027.10075918
   
  
• Smart Regions for Leveraging Digital Infrastructure for Regional Competitiveness: a State of the Art  
  by Paulo Simoes, Carlos Jeronimo, Leandro Pereira, Joaquim Caeiro 
  Abstract: The concept of smart regions, leveraging digital technologies to boost economic competitiveness and quality of life, has become prominent globally. Integrating digital innovations with strategic regional planning, smart regions aim for enhanced sustainability, socio-economic development, and innovation. This study systematically reviews 252 publications from Scopus and Web of Science (January 2000November 2024), employing content and bibliometric analyses to identify themes and trends. Findings reveal smart regions predominantly utilise information and communication technologies (ICT), Internet of Things (IoT), and smart governance to enhance regional innovation. Nevertheless, success depends heavily on effective digital technology integration within strategic regional development. The study highlights the need to examine long-term effects on sustainability and economic resilience. Further research should investigate cultural and behavioural factors influencing technology adoption and compare successful vs. unsuccessful smart region initiatives to identify critical determinants Understanding these aspects will support tailored strategies, enhancing the sustainability, effectiveness, and resilience of future smart regional development efforts.
  Keywords: Smart regions; Smart cities; regional innovation; regional competitiveness.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJTPM.2026.10075919
   
  
• Carbon Credit Accounting and Carbon Taxation: A Systematic Policy and Technology Analysis for Sustainable Innovation and Green Transitions  
  by Monu Bhardwaj, Rakesh Kumar, Harsh Awashti, Damodharan Varada Sowmya 
  Abstract: This study presents a systematic literature review using the PRISMA framework to examine the effectiveness of carbon credit accounting and carbon taxation in shaping environmental policy. As climate change intensifies, these carbon pricing tools are increasingly vital, aiming to curb emissions by monetizing carbon output. The review highlights challenges such as inconsistent implementation, limited transparency, and fragmented frameworks across regions. It finds that most studies address carbon credits and taxation separately, with limited insight into their combined impact. A notable gap exists in comparative research between developed and developing nations. Issues like double-counting and weak data on long-term effects persist. The study concludes that harmonized standards, transparent reporting, and integrated policy models are essential to enhance credibility and drive meaningful change. Future research should prioritize real-world comparisons and integrated approaches to support effective and equitable climate action through robust carbon pricing mechanisms.
  Keywords: Carbon credit accounting; Carbon taxation; Climate policy analysis; Green technologies; Sustainable innovation; Environmental economics; Policy harmonization; Technology and sustainability.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJTPM.2026.10076882
   
  
• Exploring Key Drivers and Challenges in the Successful Adoption of Digital Health Technologies to Improve Mental Well-being: A Qualitative Perspective  
  by Vijay Kumar Jain, Shrish Singh, Aditi Kumari, Preeti Sharma, Shipra Agarwal 
  Abstract: The objective of the study is to explore enablers and barriers for effective integration of digital health solution for mental well-being in the healthcare industry. Sixteen factors for digital health integration have been identified using literature review. Interpretive structural modelling (ISM) has been used to analyse the data and examine the interrelations. The main aim of the ISM process was to build a hierarchical model representing these interdependencies. The findings reveal that Increased Smartphone and Internet Penetration are the strongest driver for digital health solution, followed by Personalisation through AI/ML, Interoperability and Technical Infrastructure, and Cost-Effectiveness of Digital Solutions. These drivers exert broad influence across the system, underpinning adoption and scalability. In contrast, Legal and Ethical Ambiguities emerge as the most dependent factor, reflecting its role as an outcome shaped by other dynamics. Moderate barriers and drivers are Lack of Digital Literacy and Supportive Government Policies respectively.
  Keywords: Technology Adoption; Mental Well-being; Digital Transformation; User Centric Design; Healthcare Innovation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJTPM.2026.10077005
   
  
• The Roles of Digital Technologies and Human-Technology Interaction on Sustainable Exploration in the Oil and Gas Manufacturing Industry: an Integrated Fuzzy AHP, SEM and ANN Approach  
  by Ilyas Masudin, Favian Laverda Athaya, Thomy Eko Saputro, Dian Palupi Restuputri 
  Abstract: Applications of artificial intelligence, automation, and data analytics have a significant potential to improve efficiency, but they also carry challenges in adapting to the workforce. While existing literature emphasizes the importance of intelligent technology for sustainable exploration, there is still little understanding of the impact of management commitment on successful integration. This study examines how human operators, management dedication, and evolving digital technologies interact dynamically in the context of sustainable exploration. It applies an integrated Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP), Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to uncover complex patterns and prioritize factors in the interaction between humans and technology and the various dimensions of management commitment, specifically within the Indonesian context. The FAHP results prioritized the key factors influencing sustainable exploration. The investigation findings reveal that solid management commitment is crucial in guiding interactions between humans and technology, ultimately influencing sustainable exploration. The study also finds a significant and robust positive influence of human-technology interaction on sustainable exploration.
  Keywords: Digital technology; human-technology interaction; sustainable exploration; oil and gas.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJTPM.2027.10077195
   
  
• Integrating Human-Centred Approaches for Structuring Workgroups in High-Complexity Assembly  
  by Teguh Oktiarso, Pratikto Pratikto, Sudjito Suparman, Sugiono Sugiono 
  Abstract: The assembly of railway bogies requires the input of several operators. Work team arrangements must be adapted to the ability of personnel to handle the complexity. A comparison of two work teams assigned to the assembly process will determine the effect of lean ergonomics and sociotechnical factors. The work teams differ in two key aspects number of members and composition of team members. This study's proposal for a decision-making framework for team composition in manual assembly integrates socio-technical considerations and lean ergonomic principles. The REBA assessment of group work posture had no effect on NVA. The ANOVA results showed p = 0.288 for group 1 and p = 0.345 for group 2. A 20.41-minute difference in bogie assembly completion proved socio-technical factors impacts team performance. The composition of team members can be reduced to two experienced operators who can deliver a high performance and improve work efficiency.
  Keywords: team composition; manual assembly; complexity; socio-technical systems; lean ergonomics.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJTPM.2027.10077341
   
  
• AI-Driven Approaches to Enhancing Fairness and Identifying Algorithmic Bias in Teacher Education  
  by Junli Tu, Hong Jiang 
  Abstract: This study employs algorithmic models and fairness criteria to examine bias and equity in AI-driven teacher education. It highlights ethical challenges and proposes strategies for fair AI integration by implementing detection and mitigation techniques. Artificial intelligence is transforming education through automated evaluation, personalized feedback, and predictive insights; however, its adoption in teacher preparation must consider equity, ethics, and algorithmic transparency. While prior research underscores AI’s potential to enhance decision-making and individualized learning, it also reveals risks of bias, injustice, and ethical concerns. To support responsible adoption in preservice teacher curricula, guidelines incorporating fairness are essential. Using the HSLS dataset, classification models were trained, tested, and assessed with fairness measures such as ABROCA, AOD, and EOD. Bias reduction techniques, including resampling and reweighting, were applied to ensure equitable outcomes. Results showed baseline models exhibited gender bias, while mitigation strategies improved predictive fairness across indicators.
  Keywords: Artificial Intelligence in Education; Teacher Education; Algorithmic Bias; Fairness Metrics; Ethical AI; Bias Mitigation; Predictive Analytics; Data-Driven Decision Making; Educational Equity.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJTPM.2027.10077429
   
  
• Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Design of Navigation Interfaces for Smart Systems  
  by Hongfeng Dong, Chuanming Ma, Rui Zhang 
  Abstract: This study examines the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in developing intelligent system navigation interfaces. Through the integration of machine learning models with semantic navigation techniques and data preprocessing, the proposed framework enhances user satisfaction, efficiency, and adaptability. When compared to conventional systems, experimental results show notable gains in accuracy, response speed, and usability. Conventional navigation interfaces employ static techniques that are ineffective in dynamic settings. AI-powered methods provide real-time, flexible solutions. Interface automation has been enhanced by earlier research in Programming by Demonstration and optimisation models; however, flexibility has been lacking. According to recent studies, AI can overcome these constraints. The framework encompasses system architecture, data preprocessing, and AI model building, combining reinforcement and supervised learning for reliable navigation. The AI-powered technology decreased navigation errors by more than 20% and increased accuracy by 15%. User tests verified increased satisfaction and quicker work completion.
  Keywords: Artificial Intelligence (AI); Smart Systems; Navigation Interface Design; Human-Computer Interaction (HCI); Intelligent User Interfaces; System Optimisation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJTPM.2026.10077561
   
  
• Exploring Cryptocurrency Regulation in India: assessing the Potential Impact of Central Bank Digital Currency  
  by Kiruthika Dhanapal 
  Abstract: Cryptocurrencies are considered a category of virtual currencies designed for peer-to-peer transaction payments and are electronic in origin. Due to their decentralized nature, cryptocurrencies are becoming more and more accepted across a wide range of businesses and nations. Countries around the world treat cryptocurrencies in various ways.. As of July 2025, India has not implemented any regulations to govern cryptocurrencies. The effect of a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) on cryptocurrency regulation in India is significant. In this background, the author of the research paper would explore the emerging regulatory landscape of cryptocurrencies and further delve into the adoption of CBDC and its potential impact with challenges in India. The author would evaluate the possibility of coexistence between cryptocurrencies and CBDC in India with its pros and cons. It is the need of the hour for the Indian Government to come up with a balanced approach to cryptocurrency regulation.
  Keywords: Cryptocurrencies; CBDC; India; Legal status; Coexistence; Bitcoin; Central Bank Digital Currency; Decentralisation; e-rupee; Digital Rupee.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJTPM.2027.10077562
   
  
• Integrating Emerging Technologies for Sustainable Tourism Infrastructure: Innovation  
  by Ayushi Sharma, Rakesh Kumar, Rajesh Singh, Namrata Singh, Arun Kumar, Damodharan Varada Sowmya 
  Abstract: This paper seeks to investigate the recent technologies in sustainable tourism. This paper will discuss how smart technologies improve sustainable tourism infrastructure through the application of innovation-based planning and operational efficiency. It mentions tools like blockchain, AI, Internet of Things (IoT), big data analytics, and immersive digital platforms which help to streamline resource management through the ability to track energy, water, waste, and visitor flows in real-time. Nevertheless, such challenges as high prices, inaccessibility to the small business, and governance concerns continue to exist, and it is necessary to be more inclusive in planning and policy support. The paper highlights that governance, technology, and stakeholder engagement strategies coordinated are essential to developing the infrastructure of sustainable tourism, and necessitates the investment in digital capacity and governance frameworks to assure the fairness of the benefits. The paper offers valuable information to professional and tourism department and policy maker.
  Keywords: Smart technologies; Innovation; Sustainable Tourism Infrastructure.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJTPM.2026.10077564
   
  
• Economic Upliftment through Microfinance: a Sustainable Model for Rural Development Policy  
  by Ankita Singh 
  Abstract: creates jobs, and increases financial inclusion. This study examines microfinances effects on household income, employment, financial stability, and womens empowerment. A five-year longitudinal study evaluated data from 500 rural micro-entrepreneurs, small-scale farmers, and women-led companies. Difference-in-difference (DID), Bayesian hierarchical modelling, and regression analysis assessed microfinance success. Microfinance empowered women as entrepreneurship increased by 133.3% and the number of women-owned firms increased from 120 to 280. Employment rose from 46.8% to 65.1%, demonstrating microfinances role in job growth. The high 89.4% loan payback percentage encouraged good financial behaviour in both circumstances. Regression study found a substantial positive connection (R2 = 0.69) between microfinance and economic stability. NLP showed that 85% of sentiment analysis participants thought microfinance increased living standards, financial freedom, and business development. However, high interest rates (28.4%) and loan delivery delays (21.7%) were mentioned. After 18 months, the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed loan sustainability difficulties as repayment probability dropped to 72.6%. These data show how microfinance improves financial inclusion, economic resilience, gender equity, and financial competency. Fintech, loan arrangement simplicity, and financial literacy programs could help microfinance promote sustainable rural development.
  Keywords: Microfinance; Financial Inclusion; Rural Development; Women's Empowerment; Economic Stability; Natural language processing (NLP); Difference-in-Difference (DID).
  DOI: 10.1504/IJTPM.2027.10077782