International Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning (26 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• Brain-compatible courseware impact on learning computer programming  
  by Elaheh Badiee, Mohammad Reza Nili, Yasamin Abedini 
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of brain-compatible courseware on students learning achievement and retention in computer programming course. In this quasi-experimental study, 60 eleventh grade female students in computer vocational schools were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group of 20 each. The control group was taught in the conventional method. The first experimental group used the researcher-made brain-compatible courseware and the second experimental group used the non-brain-compatible courseware. A researcher-made programming test was conducted as the pre-test, post-test, and retention test. The results of the ANCOVA test indicate that using the brain-compatible courseware significantly improves the students learning achievement and retention compared to the second experimental and control group students (P<0.05). It is inferred that the use of brain-compatible courseware is more effective than the use of non-brain-compatible courseware and the conventional method.
  Keywords: brain-based learning; courseware; learning; retention; computer programming; visual basic.
  
  
• Reforms and Applications of Online Practice Teaching in the field of New Engineering  
  by Lida Zhu 
  Abstract: Practice teaching is an effective way for students to consolidate their theoretical knowledge and is also a significant module of talent training models used in higher education. Recently, offline practice teaching has faced limitations of space and time, which, online practice teaching, as a supplement to the offline teaching, is an innovative exploration of traditional practice teaching ideas. Such ideas are actively promoted through the extensive integration of information technology and education and a scientific approach using related research results as feedback to create new teaching resources. This simulation platform facilitates the quality and efficiency of the training operations and delineates its applications on machines and engineering equipment. Moreover, students in-depth knowledge gained through this platform further enhances their ability to practice using innovative ideas. Overall, the study aims to contribute to broadening the horizons for and enhancing the quality of online practice teaching.
  Keywords: New Engineering; Mechanical Engineering; Online Practice teaching; Teaching Reform.
  
  
• Students experience of peer-interaction in a blended learning course at a South African Higher Education Institution  
  by Kimera Moodley, Mari Van Wyk, Eugenie Wolff, Ankie Robberts 
  Abstract: An investigation of students experiences of peer-interaction in a blended learning eLearning course was conducted. In order to understand, evaluate and improve student experience of peer interactions, four learning facilitators revised the course, to align with current instructional design best practices which included a fair amount of peer interaction. In this qualitative study, the activities were designed using a constructionist approach and structured to increase student engagement with content and peers including frequent collaborative group-work activities. For most students, this was the first time that they were exposed to a blended classroom which required students to make use of teaching and learning technology tools to investigate eLearning content, and design and develop 4 artefacts online while presenting findings and assessing the products and performance of their peers in contact sessions. The findings mitigate the importance of course design, peer assessment, and group work activities that impact student experiences of peer interaction.
  Keywords: Blended learning; peer-interaction; course design; group work; peer assessment.
  
  
• ICT complement for supporting flute study at home  
  by Paloma Bravo, Iván González, Jose Bravo 
  Abstract: Many countries propose flute studies in primary school. Usually, students have only one class per week, which makes it inconvenient for teachers to pay attention to students individually. Another problem is that, after lessons, students have to practice alone at home. Thus, the responsibility for progress lies almost entirely with the learner. This paper proposes a digital tool as a complement to alleviate both problems. The app provides a listening tool, music scores view, records learner performances and offers feedback about students mistakes during their performances. Finally, the student evolution is sent to the teacher in an adequate manner, to achieve more effective teaching in each class.
  Keywords: music education; ICT methodology for learning flute; melodic similarity.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJTEL.2022.10049447
   
  
• Impact and success factors of online education methods at university level in times of Covid-19  
  by Anahi Ibanez, Augustinus Van Der Krogt, Michael Neubert 
  Abstract: The drastic changes that Covid-19 has brought along includes the necessity to introduce new forms of online university education. This article compares the impact of the change from face-to-face to on-line classes on student performance and satisfaction and identifies key success factors for effective on-line teaching. The study is based on the comparison of 34 face-to-face and online courses in 2019 and 2020 among 416 students of the 1e to 4e year from the degree programs of the Faculty of Business Sciences of the German Paraguayan University in Paraguay. The study provides a methodology to identify and measure the success factors for an effective change to online education and provides practical lessons learned on the effective integration of digital tools in the teaching and learning process, relevant for other universities in developing and developed countries alike.
  Keywords: online education; synchronous and asynchronous teaching; teaching and learning processes; pedagogical training; digital training; competence-based learning;.
  
  
• Prosodic characterization of children's Filipino read speech for oral reading fluency assessment  
  by Francis Dimzon, Ronald Pascual 
  Abstract: This paper explores the extraction and analysis of prosodic features in children's Filipino speech for application in automated oral reading fluency assessment. Automatic syllabication was optimized in the context of children's Filipino read speech. Using the Children Filipino Speech Corpus, prosodic features were automatically extracted which were then classified according to human rater assessment of fluency. Analysis of variance showed that speech and articulation rates, pauses, syllable duration, and pitch can be used to classify children's oral reading fluency in Filipino into three levels, namely, independent, instructional, and frustration. Using machine learning classification methods, 5-fold cross validation showed that speech rate, articulation rate, and number of pauses can be used to predict oral reading fluency at 92%, 85%, and 76% accuracy for 2, 3, and 4 levels of fluency classification, respectively. Pitch and syllable duration patterns were also characterized for the assessment of phrasing and expression between fluent and non-fluent readers.
  Keywords: Oral reading fluency assessment; prosody; Filipino language; children's read speech.
  
  
• Analysis of e-content of Khuzestan Province teachers during the COVID-19 period based on Mayer's principles  
  by Majid Hamdani 
  Abstract: The current study investigates the e-content prepared by teachers during the Co-rona period in terms of observing the principles of e-content design. Meyer theo-ry with 12 principles has been used for design principles. To this end, a checklist with 12 components with face validity and reliability of 0.78 from Cronbach's al-pha test, and 275 educational videos produced by teachers in Khuzestan province based on available sampling method and based on 12 components of Mayer theo-ry were reviewed by three educational technologist. The results revealed that the contents prepared in only three components spatial contiguity, segmentation and multimedia at the level of 1% were significantly above average and the rest of the components were all significantly below average that include 8 compo-nents. The pre-training component was not significantly different from the mean. Generally, the results indicated that the e-content design principles were not significantly observed in the prepared e-content at the level of 1%.
  Keywords: content analysis; e-learning; content design; Mayer’s principles; Khuzestan.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJTEL.2022.10044649
   
  
• ONLINE ENTREPRENEURSHIP LEARNING: A CASE STUDY OF A TECHNICAL PUBLIC UNIVERSITY  
  by Amiruddin Ahamat 
  Abstract: An online learning platform is a network of interconnected interactive online services that provide lecturers, students, and people interested in education with the knowledge, tools, and resources necessary to support and improve the process and management of education. The purpose of this research is to examine the challenges that arise during an entrepreneurship course delivered via online learning platforms. The methodology used in this study employs qualitative methodologies to ascertain students' intentions to become entrepreneurs. Interviews were conducted to elicit information about the materials used in the entrepreneurship course delivered via online learning platforms, as well as the obstacles and limits associated with online learning in this context. According to the study, all three components have an effect on the online learning process. The three components include instructional materials, difficulties, and limits associated with online learning systems.
  Keywords: Digital; Opportunity; Qualitative Study; University; Courses.
  
  
• Investigating a MOOC educational model and the attitude of university students towards digital education  
  by Szabolcs Prónay, Zoltán Majó-Petri, László Dinya, Sándor Huszár 
  Abstract: COVID-19 pandemic was a global crisis in one hand but at the same time it positioned distance learning in the forefront of the education worldwide. Digital educational and MOOC methodologies were suddenly utilized in wide spectrum but with mixed results. In our paper we show that MOOC type of education can be an operational model for mass personalization in higher education. Building on technology acceptance models (TAM), we demonstrate the results of an empirical exploration research proving that such an autonomous - kind of "campusless" - digital educational solution can be acceptable to higher education students. We conclude that MOOC education has proved to be viable/relevant based on the experience of our analyzed population, but only if it efficiently supports learning and is suitable to promote autonomous learning. It also means that a simple solution does not necessarily result in a positive attitude among students.
  Keywords: digitalization; e-learning; online learning; MOOC; digital education; student’s attitudes; technology acceptance model (TAM).
  
  
• Bite-sized and Peer-assisted Video-based Learning in Statistics Education: Benefits on Attainment, Attitudes and Preferences of University Students  
  by Angel Tan, Linda Kaye, Elena Spiridon, Jean Davies, Roderick Nicolson, Themis Karaminis 
  Abstract: The use and acceptance of online learning have increased following the COVID-19 pandemic. This mixed-methods study examined learners preferences and performance in online learning interactions in relation to two factors: 'bite-sized' learning and 'presenter status' in instructional videos. University students (N = 18) without a mathematical background utilised bite-sized online learning episodes focusing on statistics. Each episode included a 10-minute instructional video followed by an assessment. The videos implemented three alternative 'presenter-status' conditions: lecturer, student-imitating-lecturer, or student-peer-tutor. Individual students completed three episodes, one from each presenter-status condition (counterbalanced). Participants presented high performance in the post-episode assessments, irrespective of presenter status. Students also reported remarkably positive views towards bite-sized learning in user-satisfaction questionnaires. Finally, qualitative analysis of open-ended responses and interviews uncovered three main themes: positive learning experiences, divergent attitudes towards video-based learning, and differential preferences for presenter status. These findings have clear implications for teaching and learning in Higher Education
  Keywords: Online learning; Video-based learning; Bite-sized learning; Technology-enhanced learning; Statistics literacy; Higher Education; Mixed methods.
  
  
• Fuzzy Logic Controller Development for Prediction of Student Performance Based on Activity Parameters  
  by Jugoslav Achkoski, Aner Behlic, Kristijan Ilievski, Nevena Serafimova, Gjorgji Alceski 
  Abstract: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, most of the academic education has suddenly shifted from traditional teaching methods to advanced technological methods on the Internet. Many teachers encountered difficulties in successfully evaluating and monitoring their students. We address these challenges and propose a fuzzy logic based controller that can assists teachers during classes and support allocation of appropriate resources to students. The purpose of the controller is to provide early warning about students who have performed poorly in the initial part of the course assessment. The controller makes predictions based on 5 input parameters which, by applying statistical tools, have been proven to accurately reflect the students achievements. The model was tested on a group of 50 students and the results indicate 82% prediction accuracy. There is a possibility for additional improvements related to the built-in parameters, both in terms of their selection and in terms of their number.
  Keywords: fuzzy logic controller; student assessment; online learning platforms; learning performance; linear regression.
  
  
• Emotional Intelligence development: the implementation of Transformative Learning through digital technologies in Tourism - A study protocol  
  by Sofia Kallou, Aikaterini Kikilia, Michail Kalogiannakis, Nick Zacharis 
  Abstract: In today's era of globalization and intense competition between tourism businesses, employees distinguished for their emotional abilities, good interpersonal relationships, and teamwork, contribute to the quality and efficiency of the provided services. In this regard, the need for new training and educational programs in Emotional Intelligence in the tourism sector is more than ever relevant. Moreover, the new challenges that arise in education and training lead to the adaption of digital learning environments, and new teaching methods. Furthermore, Transformative Learning, as an adult learning theory, leads individuals, through critical reflection and constructive dialogue, to evaluate their past values and beliefs and shift their world view implementing new perspectives and attitudes which are more functional. The purpose of this protocol study is to investigate the learning effectiveness of Transformation Learning as a pedagogical tool for the development of EI Intelligence for tourism employees, through digital learning technologies.
  Keywords: Emotional Intelligence; Transformative Learning; tourism; education and training; digital technologies; learning development;.
  
  
• The Impact of the Learning Shift During COVID-19 on Students Using Natural Language Processing  
  by Hadil Shaiba, Maya John 
  Abstract: On March 9, 2020, Saudi Arabia has proclaimed the temporary transition to remote learning due to COVID-19. We underline students' perspectives on this abrupt transformation. We generate a word cloud based on the students' responses concerning the rapid transition. The feedback based on emotions was classified and a word cloud for each emotion was generated. For better decision making and improved strategies, we highlight the major problems and benefits of remote learning and provide some recommendations. Students have experienced a variety of hurdles, including the lack of an adequate study environment, and technical difficulties, particularly when taking exams. Many were under psychological pressure. Others saw an increase in cheating. Some struggled to work with their peers on group projects, some sought tutoring, and others faced financial difficulties. Online practical sessions were found to be unsuitable for some disciplines. The flexibility of learning and saving money and time were the main advantages of remote learning.
  Keywords: NLP; sentiment analysis; COVID-19; blended learning; remote learning; education; word cloud; Saudi Arabia.
  
  
• The effect of virtual and augmented reality on teaching crystal structure of materials and student reflections in applications  
  by Mustafa Serkan Abdüsselam, Sema Çildir, Selçuk Atasoy 
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of a teaching material, developed with virtual and augmented reality technologies and used in teaching the contents related to the crystal structures to the engineering students, on the academic achievement of students. This study was conducted using the mixed method, and 23 students studying at an engineering faculty of a state university participated in this study in 2019-2020 Fall Semester. According to the results of the achievement test, the difference between the application scores in the test was significant, and these technologies contributed to the teaching of the crystal structures of the materials. When the data were analysed in terms of students' skills of drawing 3D figures, mathematical processing and explaining the content, it was found that these three skills improved in all students in a positive way.
  Keywords: augmented reality; crystal structure of materials; student reflections; students’ skills; virtual reality.
  
  
• MOTIVATIC WEB: a collaborative work tool for higher education professors  
  by Gabriela Ramírez Barajas, Rosa A. Sierra Torrecilla, Aura Cecilia Pedraza Avella, Martha L. Torres-Barreto 
  Abstract: The objective of this research is to present the development process of the educational tool MOTIVATIC WEB, which seeks to offer professors, regardless of their geographical location, the possibility of working collaboratively, leading to the transformation of classical educational paradigms, by improving competencies and skills of educators through informal training processes such as interaction, collaboration, collective decision-making, and exchange of experiences. For this, a methodology composed of four phases is executed, (i) an identification of characteristics in collaborative work tools offered on the web, (ii) a validation of them following a user-centered design process with a group of professors at national and international level linked as experts, (iii) a conceptual modeling for the determination of functional and non
  Keywords: Conceptual model; Higher education; collaborative work; ICT; Virtual community.
  
  
• Social and Emotional Learning for Early Childhood Teachers Teaching Online  
  by Corinne Brion 
  Abstract: Teaching is one of the most stressful professions. When teachers are stressed, it affects their well-being, job satisfaction and performance, as well as the behaviors and work of the children under their care. Social emotional learning (SEL) aims to improve wellbeing of self and others through understanding and enhancing how individuals socially and emotionally interact. When implementing SEL into educational settings, the primary focus has been directed towards students. However, when adults do not pay attention to their own social emotional health, they are not able to attend to the emotional well-being of their students. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand how early childhood educators took care of their own social and emotional needs while teaching online during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings indicated that despite challenges, the teachers met some of their social and emotional needs in terms of belonging, mastery, interdependence, and generosity.
  Keywords: Online education; social emotional learning; early childhood; technology; crisis.
  
  
• Sample design challenges: An educational research paradigm  
  by Kalliopi Kanaki, Michail Kalogiannakis 
  Abstract: The primary factors that determine the quality of a study are the suitability of the methodology adopted and the research tools employed. Still, very important aspects that may enhance or weaken the robustness of a study are the sampling strategy and the sample size. Aiming at facilitating novice researchers to overcome obstacles concerning sampling, this paper discusses the relevant theoretical framework, answering the question of which steps to go through in a research study in order to conduct effective sampling. It also provides information on our experience regarding designing and implementing an educational research sampling. The valuation of the study outcomes confirmed the importance of conquering the sampling theory, driving us to the conclusion that, even in the case of carefully designing the sampling process, researchers have to remain vigilant about addressing sampling issues that might occur during the research process, reinforcing the reliability of their work.
  Keywords: sampling; sample size; sample representativeness; sample accessibility; educational practices;.
  
  
• Digital Transformation in Indian Higher Educational Institutions: A Qualitative Exploration of Administrators Perspectives  
  by Ramprrasadh Goarty, Kriti Priya Gupta 
  Abstract: The present study aims to understand the factors influencing the digital transformation of various administrative and academic processes in higher educational institutions (HEIs). Furthermore, these factors are mapped to different contexts within the Technological-Organizational-Environmental (TOE) and Technology, Pedagogy, Content Knowledge (TPACK) frameworks. The study takes a qualitative approach comprising in-depth semi-structured interviews. The qualitative data is analyzed through a thematic analysis to identify the drivers of digital transformation in HEIs. We identified eleven influencing factors that were categorised under four dimensions of TOE and TPACK frameworks, namely, technological factors, organisational factors, environmental factors and teachers knowledge related factors. The findings indicate that the digital transformation in administrative processes is primarily influenced by organisational and technological factors, whereas the digital transformation in academic processes is primarily influenced by environmental factors and teachers knowledge related factors.
  Keywords: Digital Transformation; Higher Education; Technology in Education; Thematic Analysis; India.
  
  
• Empathy or Students' Activation? factors affecting students' remote learning experience during the COVID-19 period  
  by Hagit Meishar-Tal, Ariella Levenberg, Eyal Rabin 
  Abstract: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, higher education institutions worldwide were required to shift to an online mode of studying abruptly and without preparation. The purpose of the current study was to examine students' remote learning experience, explore the relationship between the learning experience, the level of student engagement, and the perceived lecturers' performance in terms of empathy and students' activation. A survey questionnaire was distributed online to students from various academic institutions at the end of the second semester of the academic year. A hundred and twenty students participated in the study. The findings showed that students' cognitive and physical learning experience was moderate and social experience was low. Lecturers' empathy and students' engagement were significant predictors of students' learning experience. Lecturer-initiated activation of students was a negative predictor of the learning experience. The findings are discussed in light of lecturers' role in times of crisis.
  Keywords: COVID-19; learning experience; higher education; empathy; active learning; engagement.
  
  
• Socio-Technical Innovation by Female Entrepreneurs: Evidence from the Jordanian Tourism Sector  
  by Areej Aloudat, Kimberly Gleason, Hala Bashbsheh, Baker Ahmad Abdullah Alserhan, Jusuf Zeqiri 
  Abstract: In this paper, we explore the role of female entrepreneurs in socio-technical innovation in the context of the Jordanian tourism sector. Using a qualitative research approach, we investigate how these entrepreneurs innovate, transforming the perception of conservative societies perspective on women entrepreneurs. We document five forms of socio-technical innovation achieved by Jordanian female entrepreneurs in the tourism sector: cultural/societal, economic, stewardship, sectoral, and personal. The article provides interesting insights on women entrepreneurs as innovators in the tourism industry by documenting what they consider to be their most important innovations.
  Keywords: entrepreneurship; socio-technical innovation; transformation; social change; innovation; women; tourism industry; less developed countries.
  
  
• The impact of sudden forced-migration to the online world during COVID-19 pandemic on teachers' burnout  
  by Atef Abuhmaid 
  Abstract: As the COVID-19 crisis spread around the world by early 2020, countries, institutions, and individuals worldwide had to respond swiftly to the pandemic. In Jordan, all teachers were required to resume teaching online from home during the second semester of the scholastic year 2019/2020. Owing the various stressful issues associated with the fundamental and sudden shift to online teaching, teachers were expected to experience burnout which usually impacts professional and personal lives of teachers. The current study examined the impact of certain variables (sex, age, marital status, type of school and stage) on teachers' burnout levels during the lockdown of COVID-19. The study investigated the three burnout domains (Emotional exhaustion, Depersonalisation, and Personal accomplishment) based on Maslach Burnout Inventory 22-items which was administered online to a stratified random sample of (3162) teachers from all regions of Jordan. The results showed that online teaching resulted in teachers' high to moderate levels of burnout in the three domains of burnout during COVID-19 lockdown. Overall male, older, married, governmental and secondary schools teachers reported higher levels of burnout in the three domains than the other teachers.
  Keywords: COVID-19 lockdown; teacher burnout; Jordanian teachers; disrupted education; online teaching.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJTEL.2022.10048074
   
  
• Moving from face-to-face to online learning in a week due to the COVID-19 pandemic: higher education students' perceptions  
  by Stelios Xinogalos 
  Abstract: Online learning has attracted the interest of researchers and practitioners for decades. Various advantages, challenges and factors affecting the effectiveness of online learning have been reported. However, these findings have been recorded under ideal circumstances and not extraordinary situations, such as the one imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this article, the results of a survey on the perceptions of higher education students regarding the emergent transition to online learning are quantitatively and qualitatively analysed. Students evaluated positively the quality, organisation and presentation of synchronous online courses, but they were divided as to whether their quality is equivalent to that of face-to-face courses. The most prominent problems refer to the quality of internet connection, lack of appropriate infrastructure especially for online lab courses, lower quality communication and interaction and a difficulty in keeping concentrated on the course. Despite these issues, instructors and students embraced successfully the solution of online learning.
  Keywords: online learning; face-to-face learning; informatics; CS labs; COVID-19 pandemic.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJTEL.2022.10048076
   
  
• The professional practices of travel journalists on Instagram: a generic qualitative study  
  by Tatiana Harkiolakis, Katerina Diamantaki 
  Abstract: There is a noted lack of research regarding how journalists use Instagram. This study attempts to address this gap by investigating travel journalists' perceptions of how the emergence of Instagram as a social media platform has changed their professional journalism practices. Utilising semistructured interviews with a sample of travel journalists with professional Instagram accounts, the findings suggest that Instagram offers new opportunities for forging social and professional networks and acts as a useful tool for research, sourcing, and trend-watching. At the same time, travel journalists continue to negotiate how to construct an authentic identity on Instagram, attract wider followership, and compete with the output of amateur content producers. Study results contribute to emerging research on how journalists use Instagram and how travel journalists use social media. Organisations may need to adjust their expectations of journalists and learn how best to guide them to use social media to their personal and professional benefit.
  Keywords: journalism; Instagram; travel journalism; social media; professional practices.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJTEL.2022.10048080
   
  
• Digitising education in Nigeria: lessons from COVID-19  
  by Blessing Ufuoma Olanrewaju, Joshua Adeyemi Afolabi 
  Abstract: The sudden outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) dealt a great blow on the global educational sector, given the ill-preparedness of most countries to leverage digitisation. This study x-rayed the performance of the Nigerian educational sector and its response to COVID-19 pandemic with a view to underscoring the imperativeness of digitising education to forestall future shocks. The findings revealed the unimpressive performance of the Nigerian educational sector as learning came to a screeching halt during the pandemic, given the pervasive infrastructural deficits in the sector. Further result showed that Nigerian graduates are likely to face non-employability unless strategic steps are taken to expose them to digitisation, which the modern world of work requires. It, therefore, becomes pertinent to increase the budgetary allocation to the sector to bridge its infrastructural gaps. This would help Nigeria catch-up with global best practices in education and set the pace for improved educational service delivery in Africa.
  Keywords: digitisation; educational sector; COVID-19; global competitiveness; Nigeria.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJTEL.2022.10048081
   
  
• Development of remote learning system in higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation: from local practice to integration into the digital university model  
  by Tatyana Alexandrova, Irina Bulgakova, Viktor Popov, Mikhail Gorodilov, Yulia Vertakova 
  Abstract: The experience of remote learning during the pandemic COVID-19 significantly accelerated the process of digitalisation of the higher education in Russia and intensified preparations for the transition to a model of the Digital University. However, even those educational institutions that successfully applied remote technologies in the educational process faced the problem of effectively managing the entire remote learning system. The aim of the study is to identify the management potential of remote learning at universities in Russia from the point of view of the methodology of active management systems. Models of the remote learning system in institutions of higher education relevant for different stages of development have been created; recommendations are made to integrate the proposed models into the Digital University model. Research results contribute to the development of the theory and practice of active management systems in terms of modelling remote learning in institutions of higher education.
  Keywords: digital economy; higher education; Russian universities; COVID-19 pandemic; students; teachers; managers; active management systems; remote learning system; stages of development of the remote learning system; Digital University model.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJTEL.2022.10048082
   
  
• Effectiveness of teaching aids in learning mathematics  
  by Nurulaida Rezli, Seuk Yen Phoong 
  Abstract: This study aims to design a teaching aid, namely Integer Operating Board, and then test the usability of this teaching aid in learning the topic of Integer for secondary school students. The teaching aid was built by using the Design and Development Research (DDR) approach based on the ADDIE model. A total of 93 pre-service Mathematics teachers are selected as the sample respondents. Descriptive statistics is used to measure the demographic respondents and mean score is used to evaluate the level of acceptance on the usability of teaching aid built. The findings indicate that there is a positive effect on the acceptance and perception of the pre-service teachers on the development of teaching aid. This can be concluded that the use of teaching aid can improve the quality of learning, attract students' interest and able to deliver the content of that topic easily.
  Keywords: teaching aid; mathematics; design and development research; ADDIE model; pre-service teacher.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJTEL.2022.10048083