International Journal of Reasoning-based Intelligent Systems (106 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• Identification and Detection of Brain Tumour Using Deep Learning-based Classification MRI Applied Using Neural Network and Machine Learning Algorithm  
  by Biswaranjan Mishra, Kakita Gopal, Srikant Patnaik, Bijay Paikaray 
  Abstract: Human brain is considered as the most sophisticated part of the body and used to consist of several neurons and biological components. The normal brain is usually functioning at an aspect of 93% for a healthy human. A brain tumour is a common disease nowadays and this disease usually leads to the accumulation of aberrant cells in certain brain tissues. Which may cause the formation of dump cells in the brain. One of the most valuable approaches is the MRI images which can identify the various stages for the detection of the tumour. Here a variety of feature extraction and classification techniques are available and MRI pictures are used to identify brain tumours. Here in this paper, the convolutional neural network approach is discussed where the high-accuracy image classification technique for early tumour detection is used.
  Keywords: MRI; human brain; tumour; CNN; and Glioma; RNN.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10051697
   
  
• A Recommendation method for online learning resources of mathematics courses based on feature graph clustering  
  by Zhixia Duan, Na Zhao 
  Abstract: Due to the low comprehensiveness of the traditional method to the analysis of learners’ needs, the degree of fitting between the recommended learning resources and the actual needs of learners is low. To solve this problem, a recommendation method for online learning resources of mathematics courses based on feature graph clustering is proposed. Construct learner feature map from cognitive level and learning preference, and analyse their attribute characteristics, behaviour characteristics and learning characteristics. Then on the basis of clustering processing, resources with the same clustering characteristics are matched as the recommendation target. The test results show that the satisfaction of the recommendation results of this method is always stable at more than 90.0%, the maximum and minimum F1-score values are 0.52 and 0.46, respectively, and it has high stability, which is obviously better than the traditional method.
  Keywords: online learning resources; cognitive level; learning preferences; characteristic atlas; feature similarity; clustering processing; fitting degree.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10051721
   
  
• A fast identification method of UAV inspection image target for substation equipment  
  by Wen Kang, You Li, DeKai Liu, JieXue Zheng, Yisheng Yu 
  Abstract: Aiming at the problems of low accuracy, long time and poor recognition effect of traditional methods, a fast identification method of UAV inspection image target for substation equipment is proposed. Firstly, Gabor filter is used to extract the target features of UAV patrol image of substation equipment, and the UAV patrol image is segmented. Then, the binary image is processed, and the constraint criterion of image reconstruction is established to realise image reconstruction. Finally, all the image blocks are normalised, and the target model is constructed on the basis of prior knowledge to match and find the corresponding target, so as to realise the rapid recognition of the image target of UAV patrol inspection of substation equipment. The experimental results show that the target recognition accuracy of this method is always higher than 70%, and the minimum recognition time is only 3.26s. The target recognition effect is good.
  Keywords: substation equipment; UAV patrol inspection; image recognition; Gabor filter; image reconstruction; prior knowledge; image segmentation; binarisation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10051722
   
  
• The fast multi threshold color image segmentation based on decision rough set  
  by Yanting Cao 
  Abstract: In order to improve the speed and quality of multi-threshold colour image segmentation, a new multi-threshold colour image segmentation method based on decision rough set is proposed. Firstly, the RGB colour space is constructed, and the average brightness value is used to calculate the position segmentation points of the global histogram of the multi-threshold image. Then, the output membership value is obtained by decision rough set, and the multi-threshold image colour channel compensation and attenuation information are determined. Finally, the Gauss function is used to determine the segmentation position of each channel of the multi threshold image, and the fast multi-threshold colour image segmentation is completed. The experimental results show that the segmentation coefficient of this method is 0.868, the maximum PSNR value is 0.982 and the minimum MSE value is 0.003.
  Keywords: multi-threshold colour image; RGB colour space; histogram equalisation; decision rough set; image segmentation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10051723
   
  
• The control of lower limb rehabilitation robot with multi-pose based on man-machine coupling and fuzzy PID  
  by Xiaomei Kang 
  Abstract: In order to accurately control the joint displacement and joint angle of the lower limb rehabilitation robot, a control method for lower limb rehabilitation robot with multi-pose based on man-machine coupling and fuzzy PID is proposed. According to the theory of lower limb rehabilitation medicine, the human lower limb model is constructed. The FSR membrane pressure sensor is selected to obtain the man-machine contact force. Based on the man-machine coupling theory, the interaction requirements between the patient and the lower limb rehabilitation robot are analysed. The fuzzy PID controller is designed to control the lower limb rehabilitation robot with multi-pose on the basis of fuzzy rules to help the patient complete the rehabilitation training. The experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately control the joint displacement and joint angle of the lower limb rehabilitation robot, and has good positioning accuracy.
  Keywords: man-machine coupling; fuzzy PID controller; lower limb rehabilitation robot with multi-posture; kinematic analysis; FSR membrane pressure sensor.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10051724
   
  
• The Individualized Travel Route Selection Based on Dynamic Transfer Graph  
  by Xiao-Qin Geng, Yun-Duo Wang 
  Abstract: In order to solve the problems of low selection accuracy, high cost and low tourist satisfaction in traditional methods, this paper proposes an individualised travel route selection method based on dynamic transfer graph. The granular time set is introduced to map the binary set of any event in the scenic spot to the triplet, so as to realise the construction of the dynamic transfer graph of the scenic spot. TF-IDF technology is used to calculate the fitting degree between tourists’ demand and scenic spots, so as to preliminarily select scenic spots’ tourism routes, complete the secondary screening of scenic spots’ tourism routes according to the dynamic transfer map, and realise individualised travel route selection. The test results show that the maximum selection accuracy of the proposed method is 98.3 and the minimum is 95.6%, the cost is low, and the user satisfaction is the highest, reaching 9.7.
  Keywords: dynamic transfer graph; personalisation; travel route; granular time set; dynamic transfer cycle; TF-IDF technology.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10051778
   
  
• A balanced allocation method of learning resources in smart classroom based on regional clustering  
  by Guangquan Zhou, Yaqi He, Pengwei Li 
  Abstract: In view of the problems of balanced allocation and large error in traditional methods, this paper designs a balanced allocation method of learning resources in smart classroom based on regional clustering. First, the resource data is mapped to the cloud computing network, and the weighted undirected graph is used to complete the data collection. Then, the distribution characteristics of resources are extracted according to the continuity of resource data. Finally, using the regional clustering algorithm, after determining the data core points, according to the distance between the various resource data and the core points, the objective function is used to construct the balanced allocation algorithm. Experimental results show that the allocation balance coefficient of this method is always kept at about 0.9 and the allocation error is kept at about 1%, which indicates that this method can improve the effect of balanced allocation of learning resources.
  Keywords: regional clustering; smart classroom; allocation of learning resources; naive Bayesian algorithm; decision chart; local density.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10051981
   
  
• Speech unlocking information recognition method of intelligent electronic lock based on acoustic spectrum characteristics  
  by Zhifeng Lu, Lingling Ma 
  Abstract: In order to overcome the problems of low recognition accuracy and long recognition time in traditional speech unlocking information recognition methods, a speech unlocking information recognition method of intelligent electronic lock based on acoustic spectrum characteristics is proposed. Firstly, the voice unlocking information of intelligent electronic lock is collected by digital filter, and the unlocking information is enhanced by spectral subtraction. Secondly, the acoustic spectrum of unlocking information after enhanced processing is calculated, and the characteristics of voice unlocking information of intelligent electronic lock are extracted based on the calculated acoustic spectrum. Finally, the short-time autocorrelation function is used to detect the unlocking information endpoint and recognise the voice unlocking information of intelligent electronic lock. The simulation results show that the recognition time of this method is short, the missing recognition rate is low, and the recognition accuracy is high, and the shortest recognition time is only 2.5 s.
  Keywords: acoustic spectrum characteristics; intelligent electronic lock; voice unlocking; spectral subtraction; short-time autocorrelation function.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10052189
   
  
• Vulnerability assessment method of network topology structure based on maximum likelihood function  
  by Qing Li 
  Abstract: In order to improve the accuracy of network vulnerability assessment results, reduce the node loss rate, a network topology vulnerability assessment method based on maximum likelihood function is proposed. The network characteristics and network topology are analysed. The reliability of the network topology is estimated by using the maximum likelihood function according to the analysis results. An assessment index set is constructed according to the reliability assessment results, and each assessment index in the assessment index set is standardised. At the same time, a fuzzy assessment matrix and a judgement scale matrix of network topology vulnerability are constructed, and the weight of each assessment index is calculated. Establish a network topology vulnerability assessment model to achieve vulnerability assessment. The experimental results show that the minimum assessment time of the proposed method is 1.93 s, the node loss rate is always lower than 2%, and the assessment accuracy is high.
  Keywords: maximum likelihood function; network topology; vulnerability assessment; constraints; normalisation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10052190
   
  
• An Efficient data transmission method of IOT terminal based on cloud and fog hybrid computing  
  by Benjie Wei  
  Abstract: In order to overcome the problems of long transmission delay and small throughput in the terminal data transmission method, this paper proposes an efficient terminal data transmission method of the internet of things based on cloud and fog hybrid computing. Firstly, the architecture of IOT terminal is analysed to determine the random selection coefficient of coding. Secondly, the coding information is solved by Gauss elimination method. Then, CSI modulation is used to remove the terminal interference data. Finally, the channel allocation probability is determined, and the transmission channel allocation is realised through the cloud and fog hybrid calculation method, so as to realise the efficient transmission of the terminal data of the internet of things. The experimental results show that the transmission delay of the design method is always controlled below 3 s, and the network throughput is always higher than 50 MB s
  Keywords: cloud and fog mixing calculation; IOT terminal data; efficient transmission; code; CSI modulation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10052191
   
  
• A narrative review on the characterization of automated human emotion detection systems using biomedical sensors and machine intelligence  
  by Stobak Dutta, Brojo Mishra, Anirban Mitra, Amartya Chakraborty 
  Abstract: In our day-to-day life, emotion plays an essential role in decision-making and human interaction. For many years, psychologists have been trying to develop many emotional models to explain the human emotional or affective states. Automated emotion recognition is a popular research problem increasingly utilised in marketing, education, health sector, and human-robot interaction. There are different ways of emotion recognition, namely uni-modal and multi-modal solutions. However, it depends upon the purpose for which it is to be used. The primary focus of this paper is to provide a detailed review of the existing literature in this domain with the help of three verticals. Initially, the standard databases used for elicitation of human emotions are discussed in brief. Next, the different sensing approaches used to gather physiological signals are discussed. Finally, a thorough review of the state-of-the-art is given, with reference to the emotional states from the circumplex model of valence-arousal plane.
  Keywords: human emotions; emotion perception; electroencephalography; EEG; galvanic skin response; GSR; electromyographic signal; EMG; skin temperature measurements; SKT.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10052192
   
  
• Machine Learning Approach to Roof Fall Risks Classification in UG Mines using Adaboost and XGboost Incorporating Transfer Learning Technique  
  by Jitendra Pramanik, Bijay Paikaray, Singam Jayanthu, Abhaya Kumar Samal 
  Abstract: Roof stability in underground coal mines is critical in commanding mine productivity as well as miners’ safety. From this perspective, it is a distinctive challenge to provide a safe working environment along with uncompromised productivity and uninterrupted mining operations. Tested over time, machine learning techniques have evolved as a trusted tool in delivering successful outcomes and in providing trustworthy solutions to many real-life problems in various domains of application that can be safely extended to be adopted in this context. The prime objective of this paper is to propose a transfer learning technique-based approach to classify the occurrence of sudden roof fall based on the available roof sag data. The potency of AdaBoost classification algorithms like decision tree, Gaussian Na
  Keywords: transfer learning techniques; roof fall classification; machine learning techniques; AdaBoost classification; XGBoost.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10052334
   
  
• Workflow scheduling method under unbalanced conditions based on dynamic allocation algorithm  
  by Wenyan Zhao, Lixia Hou, Jie Zhao 
  Abstract: In order to improve the efficiency and fairness of workflow scheduling, consider the data correlation between task nodes, and adapt to different scenarios, an unbalanced workflow scheduling method based on dynamic allocation algorithm is proposed. The workflow structure is transformed to calculate the earliest and the latest start time of the node task. The workflow stage is divided, and the input parameters of the task are dynamically adjusted according to the output data amount of each stage of the workflow. The workflow scheduling model is established. Taking the total length of workflow scheduling as the solution goal, the global optimal solution of the whole workflow scheduling process is calculated and obtained. The experimental results show that the unfairness coefficient of this method is less than 0.15%, and the time span can be controlled within 150 s, which shows that this method is more effective and can ensure the running ability of workflow.
  Keywords: dynamic allocation algorithm; workflow stage; non-equilibrium condition; workflow scheduling.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10052499
   
  
• Study on Machine English Translation Error Identification Based on Naive Bayesian Algorithm  
  by Zhongping Yao 
  Abstract: In order to improve the effect and accuracy of machine English translation error identification and shorten the time of machine English translation error identification, a machine English translation error identification method based on naive Bayesian algorithm is proposed. Naive Bayesian algorithm is used to extract the information features of machine English translation. Combined with the automatic translation evaluation method, the results of machine English translation are judged. According to the judgment results, the maximum entropy classifier is selected to identify the error types of machine English translation information, so as to realise the error identification of machine English translation. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a good effect on machine English translation error identification, can effectively improve the accuracy of machine English translation error identification and shorten the time of machine English translation error identification.
  Keywords: naive Bayesian algorithm; maximum entropy classifier; automatic translation evaluation; machine English translation; translation error identification.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10052500
   
  
• Classification method of popular music score style based on SVM  
  by Qiang Tuo, Xiaoming Zhao 
  Abstract: In order to improve the classification accuracy of popular music score style, this paper proposes a new classification method of popular music score style based on SVM. Firstly, the fractional spectral subtraction algorithm is used to enhance the popular music score signal. Secondly, according to the unique characteristics of the striking component and the harmony part in the pop music spectrum, the striking part and the harmony part in the pop music spectrum are separated by means of energy peak removal and peak frequency filtering. Finally, taking the striking part and harmony part of the separated pop music spectrum as input, the SVM algorithm is used to realize the style classification of pop music. The experimental results show that this method can enhance the popular music score signal, and can effectively classify different styles of popular music score, with a classification accuracy of 99.4%.
  Keywords: Support vector machine; Pop music; Music score style; Classification method; Kernel function; Classification function.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10052718
   
  
• A New Double Attention Decoding Model Based on Cascade RCNN and Word Embedding Fusion for Chinese-English Multimodal Translation  
  by Haiying Liu 
  Abstract: Traditional multimodal machine translation (MMT) is to optimise the translation process from the source language to the target language with the help of important feature information in images. However, the information in the image does not necessarily appear in the text, which will interfere with the translation. Compared with the reference translation, mistranslation can be appeared in the translation results. In order to solve above problems, we propose a double attention decoding method based on cascade RCNN to optimise existing multimodal neural machine translation models. The cascade RCNN is applied to source language and source image respectively. Word embedding is used to fuse the initialisation and the semantic information of the dual encoder. In attention computation process, it can reduce the focus on the repetitive information in the past. Finally, experiments are carried out on Chinese-English test sets to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with other state-of-the-art methods, the proposed method can obtain better translation results.
  Keywords: multimodal machine translation; MMT; double attention decoding; cascade RCNN; word embedding fusion.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10052939
   
  
• Machine Learning and Artificial Neural Network for Data Mining Classification and Prediction of Brain Diseases  
  by Afrah Salman Dawood 
  Abstract: Recently artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) got the most of researchers’ attention in different aspects of computing applications and areas such as classification, prediction, etc. However, the development of data mining and its availability assists in the performance evaluation of such models. In this research, different intelligent algorithms (XGBoost, decision tree (DT), random forest, K-NN, ANN, LDA and AdaBoost) were implemented and tested for evaluation and performance. It is worth mentioning that ANN is a DL algorithm while all other algorithms lie in the field of ML. These models were implemented on a combination of Kaggle stroke and Parkinson brain diseases dataset. The performance evaluation of these algorithms computed according to different metrics including precision, recall, f1-score, AUC and accuracy. The accuracy of these models was 97.04% for XGBoost, 95.2% for DT, 97.06% for random forest, 95.02% for K-NN, 95.03% for SVM, 94.95% for logistic regression, 93% for ANN, 94.23% for LDA and 94.71% for AdaBoost. The highest AUC performance was 93.35% for logistic regression. Finally, a comparison in performance with other research was evaluated in terms of accuracy.
  Keywords: data mining; data analysis; brain diseases; artificial intelligence; AI; machine learning; ML; deep learning; DL; big data ANN.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10052940
   
  
• A Block-Based Fragile Watermarking Scheme for Digital Image Authentication and Tamper Recovery  
  by Monsalisa Swain, Debabala Swain 
  Abstract: Unauthorised access and modification of multimedia content are on the rise with the huge increase in digital communication and multimedia information exchange over the web. For the transmitted images to remain protected and authentic, fraud identification and restoration procedures are required. In light of the aforementioned difficulties, a unique self-embedding block-based fragile watermarking method is introduced with enhanced tamper identification and restoration abilities. In this presented method of watermarking, the cover image is split into non-overlapping 4 ? 4 block segments. Seven MSBs of each pixel in the block are used to create the watermark data. The mapping number for each block, where the recovery information is embedded, is created using a key value for that block. Various tampering rates and the number of altered images are used to evaluate the proposed methodology. The SSIM and PSNR values of the recovered image illustrate the uniqueness and efficacy of the method.
  Keywords: spatial domain; fragile watermarking; least significant bit; LSB; singular value decomposition; authentication; image recovery.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10052941
   
  
• Study on Color distortion correction method of two-dimensional art image based on Naive Bayes  
  by Quan Gan, Yucai Zhou 
  Abstract: Aiming at the problems of low correction accuracy and long correction time in the traditional two-dimensional art image colour distortion correction method, a two-dimensional art image colour distortion correction method based on naive Bayes is proposed. Through the RGB image sensor, the brightness pixels are relatively evenly distributed on the histogram through the conversion of four links: world coordinate system, camera coordinate system, photosensitive device coordinate system and pixel coordinate system. Binarisation is carried out based on naive Bayes. According to the binarisation results, the salient regions of two-dimensional art images are extracted. Based on the obtained key regions, the multi-scale retinal algorithm with colour restoration is used to correct the colour distortion of two-dimensional art images. The experimental results show that the proposed method has the highest accuracy and the shortest correction time.
  Keywords: naive Bayes; 2D art image; colour distortion; histogram equalisation; multi-scale retinal algorithm.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10053037
   
  
• An accurate recommendation method of tourism route based on crawler technology  
  by Hui Wang 
  Abstract: A new accurate tourism route recommendation method based on crawler technology is proposed in order to solve the problems of low coverage and long time-consuming of traditional tourism route recommendation methods. Firstly, the process of crawler technology was analysed, and the crawler technology was used to crawl and collect the publicly available tourism demand data in the tourism website. Secondly, the correlation matrix between tourists and tourist routes was constructed, and the interest characteristics of tourist routes were calculated according to the feature sequence. Finally, the candidate tourist route set is generated according to the interest correlation parameters between tourists’ travel time and scenic spots, sorted according to the interest, and the route most in line with the interest was recommended to tourists. The experimental results show that the proposed method is compared with the traditional recommendation methods. Its recommended route has a higher coverage and shorter recommendation time.
  Keywords: reptile technology; tourist routes; accurate recommendation; degree of interest.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10053457
   
  
• Software running defect recognition method based on brainstorming optimization algorithm  
  by Xiaojuan Guo, Fumin Shang, Jiali Chen 
  Abstract: In order to improve the accuracy of software running defect recognition, this paper proposes a new method of software running defect recognition based on brainstorming optimization algorithm. Firstly, K nearest neighbor algorithm is used to cluster and sample software operation data, and Tomek chain removal algorithm is used to remove duplicate data from software operation data. Secondly, after extracting the optimal values of scale factor, displacement factor and inter layer connection weight with brainstorming optimization algorithm, wavelet neural network is trained to complete the optimization of wavelet neural network. Finally, the software operation data after de duplication is input into the optimized wavelet neural network, and the output result is the defect identification result. The experimental results show that the number of software program defects identified by this method is 0 in a specified time, and it has the ability to accurately identify software running defects.
  Keywords: Brainstorming optimization algorithm; Software operation; Defect recognition; Wavelet neural network.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10053458
   
  
• The computer network security situation awareness based on decision tree algorithm  
  by Dehua Kong, Lin Lu, Nian Xiao 
  Abstract: Aiming at the problems of security awareness error and high channel collision rate in computer network security awareness, a computer network security situation awareness method based on decision tree algorithm is proposed. First, analyse the computer network architecture and security requirements; Then, the security situation index classification model is constructed, the network status data is collected, and the data features are extracted using the artificial fish swarm algorithm; Finally, the maximum information gain attribute is used as a sub node of the decision tree to generate a decision tree. Combined with cosine similarity, computer network security situational awareness is realised. The experimental results show that the correlation of the impact indicators of this method is higher than 0.5, the absolute percentage error of security situation awareness is lower than 0.5%, and the channel collision rate is 0~0.10
  Keywords: decision tree algorithm; computer network; security situation awareness.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10053459
   
  
• Table Tennis Player Expression Recognition Method Based on Gabor Multi directional Feature Fusion  
  by Xingbo Zhou, Junmin Wang 
  Abstract: In order to improve the recognition rate of table tennis players’ expressions and reduce the recognition difference, this paper proposes an expression recognition method based on Gabor multi-directional feature fusion. After extracting multi-scale geometric features of facial expression image, the parameters of Gabor filter are optimised, multi-scale feature fusion and filtering are performed on the image, and block histogram features are extracted. The optimised multi-scale features are input into the generated confrontation network model to realise the recognition of table tennis players’ expressions. Experimental results show that the maximum recognition rate of the method can reach 98.7%, and the minimum recognition difference is only 0.871. The feature results of the image in five scales and eight directions can be obtained, which shows that the method can accurately output the facial expression recognition results.
  Keywords: Gabor; multi-scale feature fusion; table tennis players; expression recognition.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10053460
   
  
• A privacy protection method for IoT nodes based on convolutional neural network  
  by Yuexia Han, Di Sun, Yanjing Li 
  Abstract: In order to improve the security of internet of things, a privacy protection method of internet of things nodes based on convolutional neural network is proposed. Firstly, construct the flow model of IoT network nodes, and use the ant colony algorithm to solve the model to obtain the current flow data of IoT nodes. Secondly, a convolutional neural network model is established to identify abnormal nodes in the internet of things. Finally, the privacy protection strategy of k-anonymous IoT nodes based on the average degree of nodes is adopted to protect the privacy of IoT abnormal nodes. The experimental results show that the method can effectively extract the node traffic before and after the attack on the internet of things, and the deviation value is only 2 kb/s; the identification results are more accurate, and the privacy of the internet of things nodes can be effectively protected.
  Keywords: convolutional neural network; internet of things; IoT; node privacy; protection method; anonymity.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10053461
   
  
• Personalized recommendation method of tourist routes based on multi-constraint and multi-objective  
  by Qiang Yang, Yueyun Lai 
  Abstract: In order to improve the accuracy of personalised recommendation of tourist routes and shorten the time-consuming of personalised recommendation, a multi-constraint and multi-objective based personalised recommendation method for tourist routes is proposed. Firstly, collect tourist attraction information, calculate the arrival time, stay time, travel cost, valid itinerary and other parameters between tourist attractions, and calculate the scenic spot score. Secondly, under the constraints of multiple objective parameters of travel time, itinerary and cost, the objective function of personalised recommendation of travel routes is constructed. Finally, the greedy algorithm is used to solve the objective function of personalised recommendation of tourist routes, and the personalised recommendation results of tourist routes are obtained. The experimental results show that the method in this paper can improve the accuracy of personalised recommendation on the basis of shortening the time-consuming of personalised recommendation, and the recommendation accuracy always remains above 90%.
  Keywords: multi-constraint and multi-objective; tourist routes; personalised recommendation; greedy algorithm.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10053462
   
  
• Athlete's facial emotion recognition method based on multi physiological information fusion  
  by Xingbo Zhou, Junmin Wang 
  Abstract: In order to overcome the problems of low accuracy and high time consumption of athlete’s facial emotion recognition, this paper proposes a method of athlete’s facial emotion recognition based on multi physiological information fusion. First of all, a variety of sensors are used to collect the athlete’s ECG, respiration, pulse and skin conductance. Secondly, wavelet transform is used to process multiple physiological information. Then, the sequential backward floating selection method is selected to delete redundant features. Finally, combining the physiological information features, the least squares support vector machine is used to output the athlete’s facial emotion recognition results. The experimental results show that this method can accurately recognise athletes’ facial emotions. The F1 score of facial emotion recognition is higher than 0.97, and the recognition time is less than 300 ms.
  Keywords: multiple physiological information; information fusion; facial emotion; least squares support vector machine; wavelet transform.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10053463
   
  
• Complex background image segmentation based on multi-scale features  
  by Yanting Cao 
  Abstract: Aiming at the problems of large feature extraction error and poor segmentation effect in complex background image segmentation, a complex background image segmentation algorithm based on multi-scale features is designed. Firstly, the kernel function of multi-scale extraction method is used to initially determine the image feature density, and the Gaussian kernel function is introduced to determine the distance between the feature distribution points and the centre point to complete the image global feature extraction; then, set the grey level constraint of the local feature image to complete the local feature extraction; finally, determine the image edge threshold, divide the complex pixel feature area, determine the image feature membership and fuzzy rate, transform the segmentation problem into a nonlinear problem, and complete the segmentation. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce the feature extraction error, the maximum error is less than 1%, and optimises the image segmentation results.
  Keywords: multi-scale feature; complex background image; kernel function; LBF model; optimal curve; image segmentation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10053464
   
  
• Personalized Recommendation Algorithm of Music Resources Based on Category Similarity  
  by Linqian Peng, Da Li 
  Abstract: Because the collaborative filtering algorithm cannot achieve accurate matching, a personalised music resource recommendation algorithm based on category similarity is proposed. The user preference type parameters are obtained by the modelling and analysis method of knowledge graph, and the personalised preference judgement model is established according to the type parameters. The feature registration algorithm is used to mine the personalised features of music resources, and the homomorphic reliability of the personalised scores is analysed to build a joint parameter matching model of music resources. Finally, through the analysis of category similarity characteristics, the adaptive statistical analysis of music resources is carried out, and the personalised feature parameters of music resources are extracted to achieve personalised recommendation of music resources. The simulation results show that the minimum satisfaction of the method in the optimal state is 92.7%, the resource holding level is always above 92%, and the recommended accuracy is 98.9%, which shows that the method in this paper is more practical.
  Keywords: category similarity; music resources; personalised; recommendation; preference; contribution level.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10053465
   
  
• An Optimization of Mobile Terminal Data Mining Method Based on Internet of Things  
  by Yi Wang  
  Abstract: In this paper, the optimisation of mobile terminal data mining method based on internet of things (IoT) is studied. Firstly, a framework for mobile terminal data mining optimisation is constructed, and mobile terminal data is collected by the mobile agent wireless sensor data acquisition technology. Then the collected data are clustered by the chaotic search particle swarm K-means algorithm, and the clustered data are transmitted to the abnormal access detection module of mobile terminal users. The access detection module finally completes the mining of abnormal access behaviours of mobile terminal users by detecting the abnormal characteristics of user access behaviours, determining the abnormal type and checking the abnormal evolution. The experimental results show that the energy consumption of this method does not exceed 4J in a noisy environment, and this method is low in the data mining energy consumption and high in the accuracy.
  Keywords: internet of things; IoT; mobile terminal; data mining; data acquisition; data clustering; abnormality detection.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10053466
   
  
• Personalized leisure tourism route recommendation method based on Knowledge Map  
  by Chunhua Wang  
  Abstract: In order to improve the efficiency of tourism route recommendation, this paper introduces knowledge map and designs a personalised leisure tourism route recommendation method based on knowledge map. Firstly, build a leisure tourism route knowledge map, generate a tourism route database through tourism notes, and then search the candidate tourism route sequence in the database. Finally, based on the comprehensive analysis of the attributes of tourists such as travel time and user category, determine the score of candidate tourism routes according to the value of tourist attractions, user category and user preference, and take the three routes with the highest score as the recommendation result. The experimental results show that this method can complete the recommendation of tourist routes in about 10 s, and can significantly increase the number of tourists in the scenic spot, with an average increase of nearly 10%, which has certain application value.
  Keywords: knowledge map; personalisation; leisure tourism; route recommendation; data mining; user preference.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10053467
   
  
• A Recognition method of learning behavior in online classroom based on feature data mining  
  by Yingyao Wang  
  Abstract: In order to effectively ensure the recognition effect of online classroom learning behaviour and improve the accuracy and efficiency of online classroom learning behaviour recognition, an online classroom learning behaviour recognition method based on feature data mining is proposed. This paper analyses the concept and process of feature data mining, and extracts the characteristics of learning behaviour data in online classroom. Principal component analysis was used to pre-process the characteristics of learning behaviour data in online classroom. Using the method of feature data mining, this paper constructs the recognition model of learning behaviour in online classroom to realise the recognition of learning behaviour in online classroom. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a good effect on the recognition of learning behaviour in the online classroom, and can effectively improve the accuracy and efficiency of the recognition of learning behaviour in the online classroom.
  Keywords: feature data mining; principal component analysis; online classroom; learning behaviour; behaviour recognition.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10053468
   
  
• Evaluation of Shortest Path of Network by using an Intuitionistic Pentagonal Fuzzy Number with Interval Values  
  by Prasanta Kumar Raut, Siva Behera 
  Abstract: Shortest path problems of weighted graphs and networks are extensively used as optimisation tools in numerous problems in different application domains. This optimisation problem is used for determining the shortest path of a fuzzy associated network between two given nodes known as source and destination. Normally, mathematical models may fail to find the proper result, but fuzzy logic can handle it very easily and give the desired result. This work designs an algorithm that computes a path of minimum length along with the shortest length of an interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy graph with vertices assuming weights that are crisp numbers and the edges assuming weights that are intuitionistic interval-valued pentagonal fuzzy numbers (IIPFNs). Further, here we explain our result with the help of a numerical problem.
  Keywords: intuitionistic pentagonal fuzzy number; shortest path problem; SPP; ranking method; dynamic programming approach; intuitionistic interval-valued pentagonal fuzzy numbers; IIPFNs.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10053470
   
  
• A network big data classification method based on decision tree algorithm  
  by Nian Xiao, Siguang Dai 
  Abstract: Aiming at the problem of low accuracy and low efficiency of network big data classification, a new network big data classification method based on decision tree algorithm is designed. First, the crawler manager circularly collects network big data, sets the collection threshold and randomly generates crawler signatures, so as to continuously collect and update data; then, construct the directed graph of network big data, automatically select and extract the key feature attributes of network big data, and extract the interference factors of feature data. Finally, the network big data classification decision tree is constructed to obtain the optimal gain data, determine the node attributes of the data, and complete the classification algorithm design combined with recursive call rules and classification termination conditions. Experimental results show that the algorithm can improve the accuracy and efficiency of data classification.
  Keywords: decision tree algorithm; network big data; classification; crawler signature; digraph; information gain; recursive call.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10053641
   
  
• Image reconstruction of traditional Chinese painting works based on depth learning  
  by Xiyang Li, Wenzhen Ku 
  Abstract: Aiming at the problems of large sparse decomposition error of pixel signal, low reconstruction accuracy and slow reconstruction speed in traditional Chinese painting image reconstruction, a method of traditional Chinese painting image reconstruction based on depth learning is proposed. The image signal of traditional Chinese painting works is decomposed sparsely by the dictionary, the traditional Chinese painting image is weighted according to the Gaussian filter, the impurities in the signal are removed by the bilateral filter method, and the edge of the traditional Chinese painting image is corrected by the colour component method, so as to build the depth learning model of the traditional Chinese painting image reconstruction and achieve accurate and efficient reconstruction. The results show that this method can reduce the sparse decomposition error of pixel signal, less than 0.15%, the reconstruction accuracy reaches 97%, and the reconstruction time is shortened, the maximum time is only 1.5 s, indicating that this method is feasible.
  Keywords: deep learning; Chinese painting works; image reconstruction; Gaussian filtering; colour component; residual network.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10056191
   
  
• An Innovative Educational Resource Allocation Method Based on NSGA-II Algorithm  
  by Jing Chen 
  Abstract: Because the traditional allocation method of innovative education resources has some problems, such as the closeness of innovative education indicators, the utilisation efficiency of innovative education resources and the low efficiency of innovative education resources allocation, proposes an innovative educational resource allocation method based on NSGA-II algorithm. Firstly, the index system of innovative education resource allocation is established, and the weight of the index is calculated by using the analytic hierarchy process. Secondly, with the goal of optimal closeness, maximum resource utilisation efficiency and fastest resource allocation efficiency, a multi-objective function of innovative education resource allocation is established. Finally, NSGA-II algorithm is used to solve the objective function, and the obtained solution is the optimal strategy. The experiment results show that the proposed method has a high closeness of innovative education indicators and a high efficiency of innovative education resource utilisation, which improves the efficiency of innovative education resource allocation.
  Keywords: NSGA-II algorithm; Innovation education; resource allocation; index closeness; multi-objective function.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10056192
   
  
• The Perception Method of Sensitive Ideological and Political Teaching Resource Leakage Based on Stain Tracking  
  by Lina Zhao 
  Abstract: In order to solve the problems of large detection error, low data sensitivity and long perception time in sensitive ideological and political teaching resource leakage perception, a new sensitive ideological and political teaching resource leakage perception method based on stain tracking is designed. By building a collection model, the data of resources are collected, and the sensitivity of the collected data is determined with the help of cluster division method; The K-anonymity model is constructed to assume that the data vulnerability characteristics are determined, and the inconsistent and consistent eigenvalues are extracted. Initialise and mark data taint, set tracking rules and taint memory pool, build perception model with hash perception algorithm, calculate confidence, and implement method design. The results show that the leakage sensing error of this method is less than 2%, the data sensitivity is more than 90%, and the sensing time is only 9.71 s, which effectively reduces the sensing error and the sensing time, and improves the data sensitivity.
  Keywords: stain tracking; sensitive ideological and political education resources; leakage perception; cluster division; K-anonymous model.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10056193
   
  
• Emotion recognition of digital art image based on weighted fusion strategy  
  by Xin Meng, Huili Tan, Xinyue Zhang 
  Abstract: In order to overcome the problems of low recognition accuracy and low recognition efficiency of traditional image emotion recognition methods, this paper proposes a digital art image emotion recognition method based on weighted fusion strategy. First, image emotional tags are designed, and image samples are selected using information entropy. Secondly, Gaussian fuzzy is used to reduce image noise and extract image emotional features. Then, the weighted fusion strategy is used to construct a weighted matrix to determine the similarity between feature classes; Finally, SVM classifier is constructed to classify image emotion features, emotion recognition function is designed according to weighted fusion strategy, and emotion recognition result is solved according to maximum rule. The results show that the recognition time of this method is less than 30 s, and the recognition accuracy can reach 99.0%, which shows that this method can improve the effect of emotion recognition.
  Keywords: weighted fusion; emotion recognition; Laplace operator; CLAHE algorithm; maximum rule.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10056194
   
  
• An Online and offline hybrid teaching resource sharing method based on cloud computing  
  by Huishuang Qi 
  Abstract: In order to solve the problems of low resource request success rate, low data sharing ability and low sharing efficiency in existing resource sharing methods, this paper proposes an online and offline hybrid teaching resource sharing method based on cloud computing. Build a three-tier online and offline hybrid teaching resource sharing cloud platform, use Tucker decomposition algorithm to fuse the extracted features of teaching resources, and output them through the fuzzy neural network model; Build a teaching resource sharing model based on layered Agent technology to realise online and offline mixed teaching resource sharing. The comparative experiment verifies that the resource request success rate of the design method is always more than 80%, the maximum sharing of 98% of the total data can be achieved, and the sharing time is always less than 1 s, which proves that the design method in this paper has a high sharing efficiency.
  Keywords: cloud computing; online and offline; mixed teaching; resource sharing; tucker decomposition algorithm; fuzzy neural network.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10056195
   
  
• Multimodal music emotion recognition method based on multi-source data fusion  
  by Bin Liu 
  Abstract: Aiming at the problems of low recognition accuracy and long recognition time in traditional multimodal music emotion recognition methods, a multimodal music emotion recognition method based on multi-source data fusion is proposed. First, build a multimodal music emotion model, then use TF-IDF to extract lyric modal emotion features, and use Mel frequency cepstrum coefficient to extract audio modal emotion features. Then, after preprocessing the extracted multimodal features, fuse the two multi-source data features of lyric mode and audio mode, and finally calculate the probability distribution of a song in the emotional space according to the fusion results, The emotion category with the highest corresponding value is taken as the emotion category to which the music belongs, so as to achieve the purpose of emotion recognition of multimodal music. Simulation results show that the proposed method has higher accuracy and shorter recognition time for multimodal music emotion recognition.
  Keywords: multi-source data fusion; multimodal music; emotional recognition; inverse text frequency IDF; Mel frequency cepstrum coefficient; MFCC.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10056196
   
  
• A visual enhancement method for art works based on wavelet packet decomposition  
  by Jingjian Zhou 
  Abstract: Aiming at the problems of traditional visual enhancement methods for art works, such as large error of image visual high-frequency feature decomposition, poor brightness enhancement effect and long enhancement time, a visual enhancement method for art works based on wavelet packet decomposition is proposed. First, determine the receptive field of human visual system, then collect the image brightness information through the human visual receptive field, extract the visual information of art works image with Fechner’s logarithm law, finally decompose and reconstruct the high-frequency features of visual information with wavelet packets, and construct an image enhancement model through LIP model to obtain the enhancement results. The experimental results show that the proposed method can reduce the image VHF feature decomposition error, and the enhancement effect is good, and the enhancement time is short.
  Keywords: wavelet packet decomposition; images of art works; visual enhancement; LDA algorithm; normalised complementary transformation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10056197
   
  
• Global Path Planning of Mobile Robot Based on Adaptive Sampling Area RRT  
  by Zhixiang Hou, Xiao TIAN, Fengling LI, Liefeng HU 
  Abstract: This paper proposed an adaptive sampling area RRT (ASA-RRT) algorithm. Firstly, this paper designs an adaptive sampling region method, which determines the next sampling interval according to the new nodes generated each time, and gradually shrinks the sampling region to reduce sampling in unnecessary regions. Secondly, the target point guidance and greedy strategy are used to strengthen the directionality and convergence speed of the algorithm expansion. Finally, the reverse optimisation algorithm is used for post-processing to eliminate the redundant nodes in the path and shorten the path length. In the simulation environment, the ASA-RRT algorithm is applied to the path planning of the mobile robot. The simulation results show that compared with the basic RRT and target deflection RRT algorithms, the search time, number of sampling points and long path length of the ASA-RRT algorithm are lower by74.05%, 89.08% and 22.45%; 32.67%, 65.07% and 15.61%.
  Keywords: mobile robot; path planning; RRT algorithm; adaptive sampling area.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10056198
   
  
• Research on Fast Recognition of Athletes' Abnormal Mood Based on Improved MEDA Algorithm  
  by Pin Lv, Haixin Huang 
  Abstract: In order to improve the accuracy and average recognition rate of athletes’ abnormal emotions and reduce the recognition time, a fast recognition method of athletes’ abnormal mood based on improved MEDA algorithm was proposed. Firstly, mathematical morphology is used to refine the edge of athlete’s abnormal emotion image, and the edge isolated points in the image are removed. Secondly, the wolf colony algorithm is used to segment different regions of the image, and the rotation correction method is used to extract the region of interest of the image. Finally, the improved MEDA algorithm is used to effectively select the features of the region of interest of the image, and the abnormal emotion type is judged by combining the regional feature screening results. The experimental results show that the proposed method has obvious advantages in recognition accuracy, average recognition rate and recognition time, and the recognition effect are good.
  Keywords: improved MEDA algorithm; emotional recognition; mathematical morphology; wolf colony algorithm; rotation correction.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10056199
   
  
• Color Correction Method of Fine Arts and Traditional Chinese Painting Works Based on Color Space Decomposition  
  by Xiyang Li, Wenzhen Ku 
  Abstract: Aiming at the problems of low colour correction accuracy and large colour space decomposition error in colour correction of fine arts and traditional Chinese painting works, a colour correction method based on colour space decomposition is designed. First, the linear weighting algorithm is used to fuse the colour pixel level of the fine arts and traditional Chinese painting image, and the wavelet transform algorithm is introduced to complete the extraction of colour features, and then the colour features are pre-processed. Finally, determine the state of colour space, through the decomposition of row and column pixels in colour space, calculate the deviation probability with Markov chain, and realise colour correction research through the determination of state function. The results show that the proposed method can improve the accuracy of colour correction of fine arts and traditional Chinese painting images, and the colour space decomposition error is low.
  Keywords: fine arts and traditional Chinese painting works; image colour; pixel level; wavelet transform algorithm; high frequency component; Markov chain.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10056886
   
  
• Research on automatic recognition of electronic communication information anomalies based on fuzzy association rules  
  by Ying He  
  Abstract: In order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of electronic communication information anomaly recognition, this paper proposes the research of electronic communication information anomaly automatic recognition based on fuzzy association rules. Firstly, obtain electronic communication information, and perform attribute extraction, missing value filling, data de-duplication, and data synchronisation. Secondly, the membership matrix of the sample set is constructed, and the fuzzy grade of communication information is determined by fuzzy association rules to achieve the classification of electronic communication information anomaly types; then, K-means++ algorithm is used to optimise the selection of initial centroid; finally, K-FKNN is used to complete the automatic identification of electronic communication information anomalies. The experimental results show that the anomaly information capture rate of this method is 100%, the recognition accuracy is 98%, and the recognition time is only 16 s.
  Keywords: Lagrange multiplier method; fuzzy association rules; membership matrix; fuzzy grade; K-means++ algorithm.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2024.10056992
   
  
• Student emotion classification based on online comment text big data mining  
  by Zhiling Yang 
  Abstract: In order to solve the problems of low recall and accuracy in traditional student emotion classification methods, and long time consuming in student emotion classification, a student emotion classification method based on online comment text big data mining was proposed. Firstly, Selenium is used to crawl the online review text big data, and mean shift clustering algorithm is used to cluster and mine the crawled data. Secondly, logical regression model and sorting neighbour method are used to complete missing data filling and duplicate data cleaning. Finally, the topic model is used to extract the subject words from the online review text data, and calculate the characteristics of the online review text data. Combined with XGBoost, students’ emotions are classified. The experimental results show that the maximum classification recall rate of this method is 97%, the maximum accuracy rate is 98%, and the maximum classification time is 0.84 s.
  Keywords: online comments; text big data mining; Selenium; mean shift clustering; XGBoost.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2024.10056994
   
  
• Research on user personalized product recommendation method of e-commerce platform based on rough set  
  by Xin Yao, Xiaowei Ma, Shizhong Guo 
  Abstract: To improve the purchase rate and recommendation accuracy of personalised product recommendation methods, this paper proposes the research of personalised product recommendation methods for e-commerce platform users based on rough sets. First of all, extract the recommended product features, and use naive Bayesian method to classify the emotion of product features; Secondly, based on rough set theory, the similarity of product recommendation is calculated and the product similarity is arranged; Then, build the scoring matrix to design the product recommendation function; Finally, the product popularity is introduced to score and predict the target users, so as to generate the final Top-N product list and realise personalised product recommendation for users. The results show that the purchase rate of recommended products users in this method is between 68.3% and 88.0%, and the accuracy of product recommendation can reach 0.989, effectively improving the effect of personalised product recommendation.
  Keywords: rough set; similarity; weighted summation; Naive Bayes; commodity popularity.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2024.10056995
   
  
• Railway wireless train communication network scheduling based on GA-BP algorithm  
  by Chenyou Li, Zhinan Li, Yafei Li 
  Abstract: Aiming at the problems of high packet loss rate, large scheduling error and long scheduling delay in the railway wireless train communication network scheduling. Therefore, a GA-BP-based scheduling algorithm for railway wireless train communication network is proposed. Firstly, the structure characteristics of railway wireless train communication network are analysed; then complete the determination of dispatching technical parameters such as line impedance value, reflection coefficient, impedance value during line signal transmission, communication period, etc. Finally, the GA-BP scheduling model is constructed by combining the genetic algorithm and BP neural network algorithm, and the fitness function is introduced to modify the scheduling results to realise the scheduling algorithm design. The test results show that the packet loss rate in the proposed method is low, and the scheduling error is small.
  Keywords: GA-BP; railway wireless train; communication network; scheduling algorithm; technical parameters; fitness function.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2024.10056996
   
  
• Multi-scale detail enhancement method of 2D animation image based on Retinex algorithm  
  by Shu Xin 
  Abstract: In order to solve the problems of low accuracy and long time cost in image multiscale detail enhancement, a method of 2D animation image multiscale detail enhancement based on Retinex algorithm is proposed. Firstly, multi-scale detail pixels are segmented by weighted undirected graph method, and the segmentation results are optimised with the help of edge contour and texture feature information. Secondly, the noise value in detail pixels is obtained and removed by Gaussian decomposition, and the colour vector value in pixel chromaticity space is obtained. Finally, the illumination component is estimated with the help of Gaussian convolution function, and the enhancement model based on Retinex algorithm is constructed to achieve detail enhancement. The test results show that the proposed method can improve the detail enhancement accuracy, with the enhancement accuracy up to 98%, and the enhancement time is shortened.
  Keywords: Retinex algorithm; 2D animation image: multi-scale details; enhancement method; transformation function slope.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2024.10056998
   
  
• Dynamic obstacle avoidance method for autonomous mobile robot based on machine vision  
  by Hui Li, Shuo Liang, Xiangyu Han 
  Abstract: In order to improve the accuracy of dynamic obstacle avoidance and shorten the path of robot dynamic obstacle avoidance, this paper proposes a new dynamic obstacle avoidance method for autonomous mobile robots based on machine vision. Firstly, a kinematics model of an autonomous mobile robot is constructed to obtain information such as the robot’s motion direction and speed. Secondly, machine vision technology is used to obtain the robot motion trajectory in real-time based on on-site environmental information, and YOLO algorithm is used to segment the robot image obtained by the machine vision camera to detect dynamic obstacles. Finally, DWA algorithm is used to detect whether there are moving obstacles on the robot’s motion trajectory in real-time to achieve dynamic obstacle avoidance for the robot. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a higher obstacle avoidance accuracy, reaching a maximum of 96.7%, and the obstacle avoidance path is significantly shortened.
  Keywords: machine vision; robot obstacle avoidance; YOLO algorithm; DWA algorithm; kinematic model.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2024.10056999
   
  
• Research on Efficient detection method of low voltage power line based on edge intelligence  
  by Ziwen Cai, Yun Zhao, Yong Xiao, Yuxin Lu, Haolin Wang 
  Abstract: In view of the complex background of overhead lines in low-voltage distribution networks in aerial photos, power lines are blurred, and the characteristics of the lines will be seriously weakened. A context based Gabor YOLO algorithm is proposed for efficient detection of low-voltage power lines. Firstly, an improved Gabor operator is proposed to extract Gabor features from greyscale and Gaussian filtered images to obtain the foreground region of the image; Secondly, an improved YOLO neural network model is used to locate and detect power lines and auxiliary targets in the foreground image; and then conduct experimental verification. Experimental results show that this method has the highest accuracy and extraction speed compared to other methods such as YOLOv4, with a mAP value of 93.6%, which meets the actual work needs.
  Keywords: overhead lines; low-voltage; distribution network; Gabor YOLO; edge intelligence.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2024.10057000
   
  
• Real time Sharing Method of Panoramic Data of Substation Equipment Based on RAFT Algorithm  
  by Chengjie Cao, Jiaqi Zheng, Yifei Fan, Fangyuan Tian, Darui He 
  Abstract: In order to solve the problems of low consistency and security in traditional data sharing methods, this paper designs a real-time sharing method of panoramic data of substation equipment based on RAFT algorithm. First, analyse the data generation process, and collect the panoramic data of the device in real time and quickly according to the location and environment of different devices. Then, the physical and logical relationship model between panoramic data is constructed, and the similarity data pair matrix is used to ensure the uniqueness of the data and complete the data preprocessing. Finally, RAFT algorithm is used to copy the data state, determine the data sharing node, and determine the degree of association between panoramic data through the weighted map, so as to achieve real time sharing of panoramic data in the same area. The experimental results show that the security factor and consistency factor can be guaranteed to be about 0.98 in the sharing process.
  Keywords: RAFT algorithm; substation equipment; panoramic data; data sharing; device image.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2024.10057001
   
  
• Data mining method for English distance learning based on weighted fast clustering  
  by Xiaohong Yu  
  Abstract: In order to improve the efficiency of English distance teaching data mining, mining recall and accuracy, a weighted fast clustering based English distance teaching data mining method is proposed. Firstly, the data of English distance teaching are collected from three dimensions: students’ basic characteristics, online teaching behaviour characteristics, and students’ learning effect characteristics; Secondly, data preprocessing is realised through data integration, data selection, data cleaning, attribute construction and other processes; Finally, based on the weighted depth forest, calculate the attribute weight of the data, calculate the similarity between the data through the weighted fast clustering method, determine the English distance teaching data mining list through the similarity between teaching data, and realise the English distance teaching data mining. The experimental results show that the mining accuracy and recall of this method are high, and the mining time is short, indicating that the data mining effect of this method is good.
  Keywords: data cleaning; data preprocessing; weighted depth forest; data mining; weighted fast clustering.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2024.10057002
   
  
• Intrusion risk detection method of power network based on dynamic correlation analysis  
  by Yunhao Yu, Fuhua Luo, Xiang Guo 
  Abstract: Aiming at the low accuracy, recall rate, and F1 value of traditional intrusion risk detection methods, a dynamic association analysis based intrusion risk detection method for power networks is proposed. Firstly, the network intrusion detection data is normalised using the max-min method. Based on the data normalisation results, the power network intrusion feature dimensionality is reduced using the PCA-ReliefF method. Secondly, based on the dimensionality reduction results of network intrusion features, a dynamic association analysis method is used to calculate the specific weights of risk nodes, and the calculation results are graded to obtain network intrusion risk assessment results. Finally, based on the network intrusion risk assessment results, an artificial immune method is used to detect the power network intrusion risk. Experimental results show that the intrusion risk detection accuracy, recall rate, and F1 value of this method have been significantly improved.
  Keywords: dynamic correlation analysis; power network; intrusion risk; PCA-ReliefF; artificial immune method.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2024.10057003
   
  
• Collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm for e-commerce products based on bayesian network  
  by Hongli Wan 
  Abstract: In order to effectively improve the recommendation accuracy of collaborative screening of e-commerce products, ensure the results of collaborative screening of e-commerce products, and reduce the time consumption of collaborative screening of e-commerce products, this project plans to study the recommendation algorithm for collaborative screening of e-commerce products based on Bayesian networks. Use an identical method to determine the user selection of e-commerce platform. On this basis, a new method was adopted to conduct an overall similarity analysis of products in e-commerce platforms. Then, using Bayesian networks and expected maximum methods, establish a model of user interest in e-commerce products on e-commerce platforms, thereby completing joint screening of e-commerce products. Through testing the joint screening of different types of e-commerce products, it was found that this method had a recommendation rate of 91.6% and an accuracy rate of 95.9% in the joint screening of e-commerce products.
  Keywords: Bayesian network; E-commerce products; expectation maximisation algorithm; collaborative filtering recommendation; slope one algorithm.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2024.10057004
   
  
• A method of removing redundant information from multidimensional data based on bayesian algorithm  
  by Chunlei Ren, Yanhua Wu, Demin Ma 
  Abstract: In order to solve the problems of poor anti-interference, high false detection rate of redundant information features, and high time cost of redundant removal in traditional methods, this paper proposes a method of removing redundant information from multidimensional data based on Bayesian algorithm. Firstly, noise information and interference information in multidimensional data are filtered; secondly, the preprocessed data is segmented to extract the features of redundant information; then, the fitness function of redundant information is used to classify redundant information features; finally, the association model between nodes is established in the Bayesian network, and the redundant information is filtered using the Hash function. The experimental results show that the design method has good anti-jamming performance, the global maximum false detection rate is 5.29%, and the maximum value of the time cost to remove redundancy is 213.06 s, which shows that the method has good application performance.
  Keywords: multidimensional data; redundant information; feature extraction; feature classification; Bayesian algorithm; associative model.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2024.10057005
   
  
• Stability detection method of large-scale network information transmission based on digital twin technology  
  by Xiao Lin, Jian Du, Wenjun Gao, Aobo Zhou 
  Abstract: In order to overcome the problems of low accuracy of transmission channel state estimation, low detection accuracy and long detection task completion time in traditional transmission stability detection methods, a large-scale network information transmission stability detection method based on digital twin technology is proposed. The data twin technology is used to build the network data acquisition architecture, extract the analysis results of large-scale network information transmission channel characteristics, and obtain the transmission channel state estimation results with the channel state correlation coefficient matrix. The output of the detection model is adjusted according to the fuzzy logic to obtain accurate detection results. The experimental results show that the average correct rate of channel state estimation of large-scale network information transmission is 96.9%, the detection accuracy of large stability is high, and the maximum detection task completion time is 2.0 s. The practical application effect is good.
  Keywords: digital twin technology; large-scale; network information transmission; stability test; channel state estimation; fuzzy logic.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2024.10057006
   
  
• A personalized recommendation method of online and offline mixed teaching resources based on user preference behavior  
  by Qingqing He 
  Abstract: For online and offline hybrid teaching resources, due to the low recommendation accuracy and long recommendation time of traditional personalised recommendation methods, a personalised recommendation method based on user preference behaviour is proposed. First, we collect the teaching resource data through the crawler technology, and then clean the obtained data, and then build the teaching resource model. Finally, we build the user model, calculate the interest preference behaviour group category that the user belongs to, determine the user preference behaviour, and use cosine similarity to measure the similarity between users, so as to predict the user score, and recommend the resource with the highest score to the user. The experimental results show that the proposed method has higher accuracy and shorter recommendation time.
  Keywords: user preference behaviour; teaching; personalised recommendation; crawler technology; cosine similarity.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2024.10057007
   
  
• A coverage enhancement method for wireless sensor networks based on firefly algorithm  
  by Qiuju Zhang 
  Abstract: In order to improve the coverage enhancement effect and balance of wireless sensor networks, and shorten the enhancement time, this paper proposes a coverage enhancement method of wireless sensor networks based on firefly algorithm. By describing the coverage problem of wireless sensor network, firefly algorithm is used to deploy wireless sensor network nodes. Through the reasonable deployment of nodes and the shutdown of redundant nodes, the coverage enhancement model of wireless sensor networks is established to achieve the best resource allocation. The experimental results show that the coverage enhancement effect and balance of the proposed method are good, and the coverage enhancement time of wireless sensor networks can be shortened. The highest coverage rate of this method is 99.1%.
  Keywords: firefly algorithm; wireless sensor network; network coverage enhancement; node deployment; network coverage.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2024.10057008
   
  
• Forecasting DDoS Attack with Machine Learning for Network Forensic Investigation  
  by Saswati Chatterjee, Suneeta Satpathy, Bijay Paikaray 
  Abstract: The recognition of intrusion attempts is the fundamental region of network security, with the objective of identifying the impact of these actions on the distinctive variations of the captured traffic. Innovation and inquiry are now necessary for most of the attacks. In this paper, a machine-learning approach has been used to track anomalous network traffic. Also, the statistical parameters are employed to enhance the performance based on learning models. The paper also represents a detection pattern through machine learning experiments for DDoS attacks on KDD Cup 99 dataset where ten features are used for accuracy measures. The study further classifies the hidden forms to sense the DDoS attack patterns. The paper further concludes with the experimental outcomes that establish the improved performance assessment of the K-nearest neighbour algorithm in comparison to other predictable learning approaches and thus the proposed model can reach the uppermost correctness.
  Keywords: distributed denial of service; DDoS; K-nearest neighbour; KNN; classification; machine learning; support vector machine; SVM; true positive rate; TPR.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2024.10057010
   
  
• Study on classification and retrieval method of e-book resources based on binary sort tree  
  by Liping Zhong 
  Abstract: In order to solve the problems of low classification accuracy and large retrieval error in the classification and retrieval of e-book resources, a classification and retrieval method of e-book resources based on binary sorting tree is designed. Calculate the similar distance between e-book resource data and realise the structural analysis of e-book resource platform. The vector space model is introduced to realise the data integration of e-book resources. The retrieval model is constructed and the stability coefficient is introduced to realise the research. The experimental results show that the classification accuracy of the proposed method is about 99%, the retrieval error is always less than 1%, and the time cost is less than 2 seconds, which has certain advantages.
  Keywords: binary sort tree; BST; E-book resources; search model; Vector space model; similar distance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10057741
   
  
• Separating voice and background music based on 2DFT transform  
  by Maoyuan Yin, Li Pan 
  Abstract: A new separation method for human voice and background music is designed to address the problems of large positioning errors, large feature extraction errors, and low separation accuracy in existing methods. Firstly, a microphone array is setup in the virtual space to complete signal denoising, and a generalised cross correlation function is introduced to achieve signal localisation. Then, construct a signal time spectrum graph, calculate the position change of signal energy on the frequency axis, and extract components in the sound signal frequency band and time frame. Finally, hamming window function is introduced to improve the 2DFT transform algorithm and build a signal separation model. The test results show that when the proposed method is applied, the localisation error of human voice is only 0.50% when the frame rate of human voice in audio is 1,000 kbps, and the error of background music feature extraction is only 0.05% when the sample audio sampling rate is 60 KHz. The separation accuracy of human voice and background music remains above 95%, with a maximum of nearly 99%. The application effect is good.
  Keywords: 2DFT; voice; background music; separation; generalised cross correlation function; microphone array; separation model.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10057742
   
  
• Hospital infant emergency and critical information integration based on improved fuzzy clustering  
  by Juan Xiao, Xiaoli Liu, Jina Zhang 
  Abstract: In order to solve the problems of low recall rate, high integration error and long time consuming in traditional information integration methods, a hospital infant emergency and critical information integration method based on improved fuzzy clustering is designed. Firstly, Manhattan distance is introduced to measure the degree of correlation between information, and the information feature is extracted by mutual information method. Then, the information feature missing pattern is determined, and the KNN algorithm and MisForest interpolation algorithm are used to fill the feature missing. Finally, based on the filling of feature missing, the fuzzy clustering algorithm is improved according to the membership degree of feature information, and the improved algorithm is used to realise the integration of hospital infant’s emergency and critical information. The experimental results show that the proposed method has high recall rate, low integration error and short time consumption.
  Keywords: improve fuzzy clustering; hospital infant; emergency and critical; information integration; KNN algorithm; MisForest interpolation algorithm.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10057743
   
  
• Intelligent retrieval method of book resources in smart library based on RFID  
  by Wei Huang, Jing Ling 
  Abstract: In view of the problems existing in the existing methods such as large retrieval error, low data positioning accuracy, and long retrieval time, this paper proposes an intelligent retrieval method for book resources in smart libraries based on RFID. First of all, complete the rough extraction of the features of the book resources in the smart library. Then, set the length rule of book resource features, eliminate ambiguous data, determine the similarity of book resource features, and merge similar features through similar probability mapping. Finally, complete the feature data authentication, set the tag with RFID tag technology, locate the tag data location, build the book resource index tree, and determine the intelligent retrieval model. The test results show that the proposed method can reduce the intelligent retrieval error of book resources in smart libraries, improve the accuracy of data location, and reduce the retrieval time cost.
  Keywords: RFID; smart library; book resources; intelligent retrieval; label end; participle dictionary.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10057744
   
  
• Fuzzy vision image denoising algorithm based on Bayesian estimation  
  by Cong Ye 
  Abstract: A fuzzy visual image denoising algorithm based on Bayesian estimation is proposed to address the problems of poor denoising performance and long denoising time in traditional image denoising algorithms. Analyse the noise reduction requirements of fuzzy visual images, construct a visual image degradation model, and obtain fuzzy visual images; Analyse the spectrum of the acquired fuzzy visual image, preprocess the spectrum signal by adding a window function, and detect the edge of the fuzzy visual image according to the preprocess result to supplement the fuzzy edge; Based on the supplemented blurred visual image edges, Bayesian estimation is used for image denoising to improve the image denoising effect. The experimental results show that the visual image obtained by the proposed method is relatively clear and has high image quality, indicating that the denoising effect of the algorithm is good and the denoising time is short.
  Keywords: Bayesian estimation; blur visual image; spectrum analysis; window function; blur edges.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10057745
   
  
• Reflective Clothing Detection Based on YOLOv5s Fused With SE Attention Mechanism  
  by Yuanyuan Wang, Dingyun Gu, Yemeng Zhu, Zhihan Zhang, Jiahui Cao, Haiyan Zhang 
  Abstract: This paper proposes a YOLOv5s deep learning algorithm incorporating the SE attention mechanism to address the issue of workers failing to wear reflective clothing on duty, which has resulted in casualties from time to time. The YOLOv5s model is used to train the reflective clothing dataset obtained by collecting images of construction sites, and the SE attention mechanism module is added to the network structure of YOLOv5 for improved performance. The reflective clothing detection algorithm is then deployed to the web for real-time detection. The experimental results show that the algorithm achieves an mAP value of 96.70% with the SE attention module, resulting in an accuracy improvement of 1.09% compared to the model without the SE module. This enables practical applications to reduce the incidence of construction accidents at construction sites.
  Keywords: reflective clothing detection; YOLOv5; attention mechanism; vue; flask.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10057746
   
  
• Fast classification algorithm of uncertain big data stream based on distributed limit learning machine  
  by Zhiling Yang 
  Abstract: Aiming at the problems of low classification accuracy and long classification time in traditional uncertain big data stream classification algorithm, a fast classification algorithm for uncertain big data stream based on distributed limit learning machine is proposed. First, construct the uncertain big data model, and measure the adaptive mixed distance of the data flow. Then, according to the measurement results, use the DSUFIM ? mine mining algorithm to mine the uncertain big data flow. Then combine the K-nearest neighbour and label correlation to conduct online feature screening for the mined uncertain big data flow, and use the cosine similarity method to detect whether the feature has conceptual drift. Finally, according to the detection results, the distributed limit learning machine is used to quickly classify uncertain big data streams. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has higher classification accuracy and faster classification speed for uncertain large data streams.
  Keywords: distributed limit learning machine; uncertain big data flow; quick classification; K nearest neighbour; cosine similarity.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10057747
   
  
• Balanced Scheduling Method of Ideological and Political Teaching Resources Based on Cluster Analysis Algorithm  
  by Wenbin Liu 
  Abstract: In order to overcome the problems of poor scheduling accuracy, low recall rate and long scheduling time in the traditional scheduling method of ideological and political resources, the paper proposes a balanced scheduling method of resources based on clustering analysis algorithm. First, the load time series of the teaching resource server is determined and pre-processed. Secondly, cluster analysis is used to classify the data. Finally, according to the classification results, the balanced scheduling function of resources is constructed, and the particle swarm optimisation algorithm is used to solve the scheduling function to obtain the final scheduling strategy. The results show that the scheduling accuracy of the proposed method is 99.12%, the recall rate is up to 95%, the scheduling time is controlled within 7 s, and the resource balance scheduling effect is good.
  Keywords: clustering analysis algorithm; balanced scheduling; time series; particle swarm optimisation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10057748
   
  
• UAV patrol detection of forest fire burning point based on YOLOv3-SPP algorithm  
  by Lishan Ma, Yuanjie Ding, Shunhu Dong, Wenjun Chen, Shenghong Wang 
  Abstract: To overcome the problems of low recall rate, poor positioning accuracy and long time of UAV patrol inspection of forest fire location detection method, this paper proposes a UAV patrol inspection method of forest fire burning point location based on YOLOv3-SPP algorithm. Firstly, the forest fire images are collected by UAV patrol technology. Then, the two-dimensional Gaussian function is used for image filtering to realise fire image processing. Finally, YOLOv3 target detection network is constructed, image feature fusion is carried out with SSP method, and the sigmoid detection function of burning point position is constructed and solved to realise the detection of burning point position of forest fire. The results show that the detection recall rate of this method is 98%, the positioning accuracy is 98%, and the detection time is only 9.2 s, indicating that this method can effectively improve the detection effect of fire burning point location.
  Keywords: YOLOv3; two-dimensional Gaussian function; SPP; forest fire.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10057749
   
  
• A personalized recommendation of tourism routes based on rule-based reasoning  
  by Qiang Wu, JiaHui Peng, DongMei Ge 
  Abstract: In order to solve the problems of low accuracy, long time and low satisfaction of tourists existing in traditional methods, this paper proposes a personalised recommendation method of tourism routes based on rule-based reasoning. Firstly, the web crawlers is used to collect travel data and process the collected data dimensionless. Then, the rule reasoning method is used to build the personalised preference model of tourists, and the random gradient rise method is used to optimise the model. Finally, determine the constraints, take the personalised information of tourist routes, scenic spots and tourists as the input vector of the model, build the personalised recommendation model of tourist routes, and get the relevant recommendation results. The experimental results show that the maximum recommendation accuracy of this method is 96%, the recommendation time is always less than 51 ms, and the average tourist satisfaction is 9.70.
  Keywords: rule reasoning; tourist routes; personalised recommendation; web crawler; preference model; constraint condition.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10057750
   
  
• Study on Node preserving routing coverage algorithm for sensor networks based on compressed HMAC.  
  by Jiwei Li 
  Abstract: Research on node maintenance routing coverage algorithms in sensor networks can improve node coverage and node activity in sensor networks. This paper proposes a node preserving routing coverage algorithm for sensor networks based on compressed HMAC. Firstly, based on the VGG-F network structure, high-dimensional features of the sensor network layer are extracted to maximise the amount of information carried by the hash code; Secondly, a feature extractor is designed using compressed HMAC algorithm; Then, uniform coverage of the target area is achieved according to the force balance conditions of the acting nodes; Finally, the compressed HMAC method is used to achieve target node division, and the coverage algorithm is used to optimise node retention routing and mobile coverage. The experimental results show that the coverage rate of this method can reach up to 99%, and the node utilisation rate is high.
  Keywords: feature extractor; compressed HMAC; Hash code; VGG-F network structure; regularisation term.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10057751
   
  
• FUZZY EXPERT SYSTEM FOR ACCESS CONTROL OF CHILDREN TO THE INTERNET  
  by Rasim Alguliyev, Fargana Abdullayeva, Sabira Ojagverdiyeva 
  Abstract: As children’s use of the internet increases, serious online safety issues arise. As a result, it is observed that the damage to their psychology and health is increasing. Along with harmful content from web pages, the negative impact of constant use of digital devices leaves deep marks on children’s health and psychology. In order to overcome these problems and prevent harm, there is a need to implement programs that control access to the internet, filter harmful content on web pages, constantly monitor children’s behaviour, make assessments and make accurate decisions. The article proposes a method of internet access control using a fuzzy logic inference system. This method is focused on the individual user and is done by imposing restrictions on their use of technologies (computers, phones, tablets, etc.). Screen time is determined for the use of technology, taking into account the age of the user, health and psychological diseases.
  Keywords: fuzzy logic extraction system; FLES; online child safety; malicious information; Mamdani model; screen time; age; children’s health; psychology of children.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10057752
   
  
• Visual interactive system of cultural communication based on Unity3D  
  by Qiao Wu 
  Abstract: In order to improve the system response efficiency of cultural communication visual interaction system, the design and research of cultural communication visual interaction system based on Unity3D technology was carried out. Firstly, the framework design of visual interaction system for cultural communication is determined; Then, according to the relevant parameters, select the mobile mode suitable for different immersive interaction scenarios, and complete the mobile interaction module design; Then, the virtual handwriting module is designed based on the graphics rendering system and OCR technology; Finally, with the help of Unity3D technology, the layout design of the interface of the cultural communication visual interaction system is completed, and the system construction is completed. The experimental results show that the memory occupancy of the system is only 13.5%, and the interactive response time is only 23s. The system application performance is better.
  Keywords: Unity3D; cultural communication; visual interaction; OCR technology; community division; force-oriented model.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10057753
   
  
• A personalized matching method of English learning data packages based on knowledge map  
  by Wei Liu  
  Abstract: In order to improve the retention rate of learning data and the coverage rate of matching results, this paper designs a personalised matching method of English learning data packages based on knowledge map. First, cluster the learning packages information and analyse user interest. Secondly, the knowledge map network is established and the sequence nodes are analysed. Then, the user features and data packages features are decomposed from the relational entities of the knowledge map to obtain independent user features and data packages features; Finally, users’ interests and preferences are optimised by updating the node weights in the knowledge map, and personalised matching is realised according to the similarity between data packets. Experiment shows that this method can control the retention rate of the learning date packages at more than 90% and the matching coverage at more than 95%, which shows that this method can meet the needs of users.
  Keywords: English learning data packages; users; personalised matching; knowledge map; node weight.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10057754
   
  
• The style feature extraction of electronic music based on kernel limit learning machine  
  by Minyuan Jiang  
  Abstract: In order to solve the problems of low recall, low signal-to-noise ratio and low extraction accuracy of traditional methods, a style feature extraction method of electronic music based on kernel limit learning machine was proposed. Firstly, build an electronic music signal acquisition architecture, and process the acquired signal by framing, median smoothing, and three-point linear smoothing. Then, wavelet transform and LMS algorithm are used to build an adaptive filtering model for electronic music signal, and the smoothed signal is denoised. Finally, the model of electronic music style feature extraction based on kernel limit learning machine is built, and the signal denoising results are input into the trained model to get the results of electronic music style feature extraction. The experimental results show that the maximum recall is 98.3%, the maximum SNR is 57.6dB, and the extraction accuracy is always above 95.1%.
  Keywords: Kernel limit learning machine; electronic music; style characteristics; feature extraction; framing; median smoothing; three point linear smoothing.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10057755
   
  
• Automatic Fusion Method for Perceptual Data of Internet of Things Based on Kalman Filter  
  by Andi Gao, Xiaojing Guo, Ketong Liu, Kuntai Meng 
  Abstract: Due to the low fusion accuracy of traditional internet of things (IoT) sensing data automatic fusion methods, an automatic fusion method of IoT sensing data based on Kalman filter is proposed. First of all, we adopt the error correction mechanism and time registration to deal with the structure deviation of the IoT sensing data and the asynchronous problem of the IoT sensing data; then, the Kalman filtering algorithm is used to fuse the time data and space data at the terminal node and gateway layer. Finally, the Kalman filtering algorithm is optimised by using the distribution diagram method to determine the abnormal or missing data in the fused data, so as to obtain the optimised data automatic fusion results. The test results show that the precision of this method for automatic fusion of IoT sensing data is above 94%, and the fusion effect is good.
  Keywords: Kalman filter; internet of things; IoT; perception data; automatic fusion.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10057756
   
  
• Security Access Control Method of Heterogeneous Database Based on K-Shortest Path Algorithm  
  by Wenting Zhou, Maohua Yao 
  Abstract: In order to improve access control accuracy and reduce control time, a secure access control method for heterogeneous databases based on K-shortest path algorithm is proposed. Register heterogeneous databases, monitor user behaviour and obtain evidence of user behaviour through users’ access to logs of heterogeneous databases. After dimensionless processing of the behaviour evidence, the entropy weight method is used to calculate the user trust rating. According to the rating results, the security access secret key of heterogeneous databases is generated from both on chain and off chain aspects for permission allocation. Build a security access control model for heterogeneous databases. Based on the K-shortest path algorithm with Dijkstra as the core, find the K-shortest path, obtain the authorisation path for security access control of heterogeneous databases, and achieve security access control. The experimental results show that the proposed method has higher control accuracy and shorter control time.
  Keywords: K-shortest path algorithm; heterogeneous database; security access; entropy weight method; authorisation path.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10057757
   
  
• A Personalized recommendation algorithm of ideological and political education resources based on hybrid collaborative filtering  
  by Shan Zhang 
  Abstract: In order to overcome the problems of large error and long time consuming of existing recommendation methods, this paper proposes a personalised recommendation algorithm of ideological and political education resources based on hybrid collaborative filtering. First, with the help of Oracle, collect ideological and political education resources data to complete the data extraction of ideological and political education resources. Secondly, the data of ideological and political education resources are classified, data removal and data dimension reduction pre-treatment. Finally, the recommended user-resource evaluation matrix of ideological and political education resources is constructed to determine the similarity of the recommended objects of ideological and political education resources. Hybrid collaborative filtering algorithm is introduced to build a personalised recommendation model and realise the personalised recommendation. The experimental results show that the method can reduce the recommendation error and shorten the recommendation time, with the highest recommendation error exceeding 0.03%.
  Keywords: hybrid collaborative filtering; ideological and political education resource data; Oracle; personalised recommendation algorithm.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10057768
   
  
• Study of the Crossing Number Associated with Strong Product of Path with Cycle and Triangular Snake Graph  
  by Mhaid Mhdi Alhajjar, Amaresh Chandra Panda, Siva Prasad Behera 
  Abstract: In 2018, Ouyang et al. presented the first efforts related to the crossing number of strong product of the path $P_{m}$ to the cycle $C_{n}$. They proved that $cr(P_{2}$$boxtimes$$C_{n})=n$ for $ngeq3$ together with introducing a general conjecture as follows: $cr(P_{m}$$boxtimes$$C_{n})=(m-1)n$ : $ forall$ $m,ngeq3$ . Here, we prove that Ouyang et al. conjecture is also true for $n=3$ and $mgeq3$ , together with exhibiting an optimal drawing of it. Furthermore, we start to study new case in relation to the strong product of path with triangular snake graph $TS_{n}$ by proving that $cr(P_{2}boxtimes TS_{n})=3lfloordfrac{n}{2}rfloor$ for $ngeq3$ .
  Keywords: Crossing Number; Strong Product; Counting Argument.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10057991
   
  
• Study on Intelligent travel route recommendation method based on popularity of interest points  
  by DongMei Ge, Qiang Wu, ZhiZhu Lai 
  Abstract: In order to improve the accuracy of tourist route recommendation and tourist satisfaction, an intelligent route recommendation method based on the popularity of interest points is proposed. From the perspective of popularity of tourist attractions, tourist travel time and scenic spots travel time, the tourist attractions are scored, and the tourist attractions that meet the needs of tourists are mined according to the score results. Design the POI correlation diagram of tourists’ interest points to obtain tourists’ interest preferences from the perspective of time and preference degree. Considering the popularity of POI, UPST-TB algorithm is used to integrate the interest tag data, and combined with the content-based recommendation idea to realise the intelligent recommendation of tourism routes. The experimental results show that the proposed method effectively improves the accuracy and recall rate of tourism route recommendation results, and can recommend scientific and reasonable tourism routes for tourists.
  Keywords: popularity of interest points; tourist routes; intelligent recommendation; directed weighted graph; UPST-TB algorithm.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10057992
   
  
• Evaluation of the Shortest Path by Using Bellman Ford's Algorithm in a Fermatean Neutrosophic Environment  
  by Prasanta Kumar Raut, Siva Prasad Behera 
  Abstract: The shortest path problem is an extremely important topic in graph theory with numerous real-life applications in science and technology. In this paper, we discuss an improved edition of Bellman-Ford’s algorithm for evaluating the shortest path on a connected network with respect to fermatean neutrosophic numbers as the vertex weights of the given network, which is the elongation of a neutrosophic number. It is straightforward to evaluate the shortest path when the environment is certain, but in an uncertain environment, it is difficult, so here we used the fermatean neutrosophic number. Finally, we implemented our suggested methodology with a mathematical example and finally studied a comparative analysis with respect to the dynamic programming approach and with different types of existing algorithms, and discussed the advantages of our methods.
  Keywords: Bellman’s algorithm; directed graph network; fermatean neutrosophic numbers; FNNs; score functions; shortest path problem; SPP.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10057993
   
  
• Implementing Swam Intelligence for Image Enhancement: A Comparative Study  
  by Shaik Riyazbanu, Swarna Prabha Jena, Jitendra Pramanik, Bijay Paikaray, Abhaya Kumar Samal 
  Abstract: Image enhancement improves visual image quality and plays a crucial part in computer vision and image processing. However, it is the numerous limitations to non-linear optimisation issues. The goal of the current work is to demonstrate the adaptability and efficacy of different particle swarm optimisation algorithms in improving the contrast and detail of grayscale images, including PSO, standard PSO (SPSO), weight improved PSO (WIPSO), modified PSO (MPSO), and quantum PSO (QPSO). The optimum result is achieved by maximising the objective function criteria by controlling the transformation function parameters. The performance of the algorithms is measured and assessed through quality metric parameters such as the sum of edge intensities, edge information, entropy, fitness function, detailed variance, and background variance.
  Keywords: particle swarm optimisation algorithms; quantum particle swarm optimisation; QPSO; entropy; edge content; image enhancement.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10058348
   
  
• A Method for Predicting Learning Achievements in Online Education Based on Behavioral Characteristics  
  by Yan Zhang 
  Abstract: Aiming at the problems of low prediction accuracy, large error in extracting behavioral feature data, and long prediction time in traditional online education learning achievement prediction methods, a behavioral feature based online education learning achievement prediction method is proposed. Firstly, the three-dimensional S-F-T model is used to divide and analyze the students' online education and learning behavior. Then, according to the analysis results, the random forest algorithm is used to calculate the weight of behavior characteristics data, and select the characteristics of students' online education and learning behavior; Finally, a prediction function is constructed through the local self attention mechanism, and the selected network education learning behavior feature data is input as samples into the constructed prediction function, outputting the final prediction result. The test results show that the proposed method has good prediction accuracy, low error in extracting behavioral features, and short prediction time.
  Keywords: Behavioral characteristics; Online education learning; Performance prediction; S-F-T model; Random forest; Local self attention mechanism.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10058349
   
  
• Personalized recommendation method of educational resources for ideological and political courses based on data mining  
  by Jun-cheng Wang, Lin Zeng 
  Abstract: In order to improve the teaching quality of ideological and political courses, a personalized recommendation method of educational resources for ideological and political courses based on data mining is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the topological structure for course resources distribution is established, and the data structure features of educational resources are rearranged through sparse and discrete dimension detection. Then, a personalized recommendation model of educational resources is established to control and optimize the recommendation process of teaching resources. The knowledge map model is used to realize the information interaction between users and projects, and the entity embedding and high-order preference dissemination recommendation methods are used to realize the personalized recommendation of educational resources for ideological and political courses. The experimental results show that this method can contributes to high recommendation satisfaction and has a certain application value.
  Keywords: Data mining; Ideological and political courses; Educational resources; Personalized recommendation; Knowledge transfer.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10058350
   
  
• Color enhancement processing of interior scene design images based on guided filtering  
  by Shashan Hou 
  Abstract: Aiming at the problems of traditional image color enhancement methods, such as low average gradient, low standard deviation after enhancement and low information entropy, an image color enhancement processing method based on guided filtering was proposed for interior scene design. Firstly, a guided filtering algorithm is used to remove the noise in the interior scene design image, and a gradient domain guided filtering algorithm is used to extract the illumination component. Secondly, the correction weights are linearly stretched to different degrees to obtain adaptive gamma correction weights of different gray levels. Finally, color compensation and enhancement of interior scene design images are achieved through gamma correction. The experimental results show that when the number of images is 6000, the information entropy of the color enhanced image in this method is 921 bits, the image standard deviation reaches 4.83, and the average gradient of the image is 23.8.
  Keywords: Guided filtering; Interior Scene Design Image; Image color enhancement; Gamma correction; Color compensation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10058351
   
  
• A method of swimmer emotion recognition based on sequence annotation model  
  by Yangjun Liu, Junying Yang 
  Abstract: In order to improve the accuracy of swimmer emotion recognition and shorten the time spent on emotion recognition, this paper proposes a swimmer emotion recognition method based on sequence annotation model. Firstly, the original face image of a swimmer is collected, and the collected face image is integrally processed. The original face image is restored through linear equations to obtain a clear face image of the swimmer; Secondly, a face image conversion marker matrix is constructed to match the key points and singular values of the image to extract the features of the swimmer's face image; Then, a sequence annotation model is used to classify the expression features of swimmers; Finally, using fuzzy kernel discriminant analysis technology to complete the swimmer's emotional recognition. Experimental results show that this method can accurately recognize swimmers' facial expressions, with a recognition accuracy of up to 100%.
  Keywords: sequence annotation model; Emotional recognition; Face image; Singular value matching; Swimmers.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10058352
   
  
• Retrieval Method of Network Education Resources Based on Associated Data  
  by Guojuan Li 
  Abstract: Aiming at the problems of low retrieval accuracy and long retrieval time in traditional online education resource retrieval methods, a method of online education resource retrieval based on associated data is proposed. First, establish a model of online education resources, obtain online education resource data through web crawlers, and then preprocess the obtained online education resource data through a series of steps. Then, based on the preprocessing results, construct a semantic grid computing model to extract semantic features of online education resources. Finally, based on semantic features, associate the semantic data of online education resources through semantic similarity and semantic correlation, Based on the associated data, a retrieval model for online education resources is established using naive Bayesian methods to obtain the retrieval results. Simulation results show that the proposed method has higher retrieval accuracy and shorter retrieval time for online education resources.
  Keywords: Associated data; Network education; Resource retrieval; Web crawler; Semantic grid; Naive Bayes.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10058353
   
  
• A Method of Integrating English Listening and Speaking Distance Teaching Resources Based on Data Deduplication  
  by Wei Liu 
  Abstract: The integration of teaching resources can improve students' English listening and speaking abilities. Therefore, a method of distance teaching resources integration based on data deduplication is proposed. Firstly, construct a teaching feature extraction table and collect English listening and speaking distance teaching resources. Secondly, CAONT is introduced to conduct a round of transformation of distance learning resources for English listening and speaking abilities to achieve safe and deduplication processing of teaching resource data. Finally, after completing the deduplication process, a resource integration function for distance learning of English listening and speaking ability is constructed. Through the constraints of temporal relationships between tasks, the resource integration function for distance learning of English listening and speaking ability is solved to achieve the integration of English teaching resources. The experimental results show that the accuracy rate of integrating English teaching resources can reach 98%.
  Keywords: Data deduplication; CAONT; Temporal relationship constraints; Integration of teaching resources;content of courses.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10058354
   
  
• Digital Ideological and Political Education Data Sharing Algorithm Based on Federal Incremental Learning  
  by Aihua Mo 
  Abstract: Traditional sharing methods have problems such as low safety factor, low recall rate, and low efficiency in data sharing. A federated incremental learning based data sharing algorithm for digital ideological and political education is proposed. Based on the data extraction standards of digital ideological and political education, determine the data centre of digital ideological and political education, and determine the dissimilarity of data through Minkowski distance; Using a random mapping method to convert the data into a consistent pattern, and implementing data preprocessing according to the optimal criteria for classification; calculate the aggregation weight of data, enable shared data to be back-propagated and iteratively updated, combine federated learning and incremental learning, build multiple data sharing clients, and add multiple data security keys to achieve secure sharing of digital ideological and political education data. The test results show that the method has good data sharing security and high sharing efficiency.
  Keywords: federal incremental learning; digital ideological and political teaching; data sharing; Minkowski distance; decision tree.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10058355
   
  
• A Classification Method of Reader Borrowing Data Information in Modern Library Based on Top-k Query Algorithm  
  by Wei Huang, Jing Ling 
  Abstract: In order to overcome the problems of low accuracy of classification results and long classification time in the traditional classification method of modern library reader borrowing data information, a modern library reader borrowing data information classification method based on top-k query algorithm is proposed. First of all, top-k query algorithm is used to collect library readers’ borrowing data information and preprocess it; then, combining the information gain algorithm and the maximum correlation and minimum redundancy algorithm, the second feature selection is performed for the data information borrowed by readers; finally, the polynomial naive Bayesian model is used to realise the classification of library readers’ borrowing data information. The experimental results show that the classification results using this method are accurate, the classification time is always within 11 s, the classification effect is good, and the application performance is good.
  Keywords: top-k query algorithm; modern library; readers borrow data; information classification; maximum correlation minimum redundancy algorithm; polynomial naive Bayesian model.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10058356
   
  
• Automatic classification of library digital resources based on decision tree algorithm  
  by Liping Zhong 
  Abstract: Aiming at the problems of large classification error, low accuracy of feature extraction and long classification time in automatic classification of library digital resources, this paper designs an automatic classification method of library digital resources based on decision tree algorithm. First, determine the maximum and shortest distance between digital resource data and aggregate the collected library digital resources. Then, the feature pyramid network structure is introduced and the channel multiplication method is used to extract the features of library digital resources data. Finally, construct the library digital resource data tree, determine the trunk and the critical degree of the library digital resource branches through entropy calculation, prune the unimportant branches, set up the library digital resource classifier, and realise the final automatic classification research. The test results show that the proposed method can reduce the classification error, and the classification effect is good.
  Keywords: decision tree algorithm; library digital resources; automatic classification; semantic similarity; the shortest distance; channel multiplication.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10058357
   
  
• Multi label attribute classification algorithm for big data based on core density estimation  
  by Jian Xie, Dan Chu 
  Abstract: Aiming at the problems of inaccurate core density estimation of tag attributes during the classification process, resulting in large attribute feature extraction errors, low classification accuracy, and poor data balance coefficient, a large data multi tag attribute classification algorithm based on core density estimation is designed. First, the machine learning algorithm is used to extract data attribute features, calculate their expected estimates, and complete feature extraction. Then, the extracted data is processed in a unified dimension, and the mean value processing and Pearson correlation coefficient are used to complete the pre-processing. Finally, according to the core density estimation theory, determine the density of any data in the overall density function, then determine the probability quality function and degradation increment of other characteristic data points, introduce the classification kernel function, and construct the classification model to achieve the final effective classification. The results show that the proposed method can reduce feature extraction error and improve classification accuracy.
  Keywords: core density estimation; big data; multi-label classification; Pearson correlation coefficient; density function; degenerate increment.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10058358
   
  
• Solving shortest path using Modified Dijkstra's algorithm with spherical neutrosophic numbers as arc length  
  by Prasanta Kumar Raut, Siva Prasad Behera 
  Abstract: The shortest path problem is a fundamental problem in network analysis, and many algorithms have been developed to solve it efficiently. One of the most widely used algorithms is Dijkstra’s algorithm, which finds the shortest path between two nodes in a graph. Recently, spherical neutrosophic numbers (SNNs) have emerged as a powerful tool for handling uncertain information in network domains. In this study, we propose a modified version of Dijkstra’s algorithm that uses SNNs to handle uncertainty in edge weights in a network. The edge weights are represented as SNNs to account for uncertainty in the distances between vertices, and the algorithm is modified to handle the arithmetic operations of SNNs and update distances and priorities accordingly. Our results show that the algorithm can effectively handle uncertainty in the network domain and find the shortest path between two nodes with high accuracy.
  Keywords: connected network; Dijkstra’s algorithm; shortest path problem; spherical neutrosophic numbers; SNNs.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10058359
   
  
• Adaptive Classification of Electronic Music Signals Based on Multiple Machine Learning Models  
  by Shuqing Li 
  Abstract: In order to overcome the problems of low PSNR, low accuracy, and long time consumption in traditional methods, an adaptive classification method of electronic music signals based on multiple machine learning models is designed. Electronic music signals are collected by sensors and filtered by sparse coding. The filtered signal is processed by frame segmentation and windowing, and the time domain and frequency domain characteristics of the signal are extracted. The multi-machine learning model is built by Naive Bayes, support vector machine and decision tree. The signal filtering results are taken as the input vector of the model, and the adaptive classification results of electronic music signals are taken as the output vector of the model to realise the adaptive classification of signals. Experimental results show that the maximum PSNR of this method is 55.66 dB, the classification accuracy is always above 96%, and the average classification time is 867 ms.
  Keywords: multiple machine learning models; electronic music signals; adaptive classification; signal filtering; Naive Bayes; support vector machine; decision tree.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10058360
   
  
• Personalized recommendation method of online education learning resources based on collaborative filtering algorithm  
  by Yang Yang 
  Abstract: In this paper, a personalised recommendation method for online education learning resources based on collaborative filtering algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the traditional crawler technology is used to collect resource data, and the implicit crawler technology is introduced to obtain key resources. Then, the automatic encoder extracts the nonlinear features, combines the expected risk minimisation and sample error, defines the empirical risk classification resource data, and completes the pre-treatment of resource data. Finally, a collaborative filtering algorithm is introduced to obtain learners’ individual needs through forgetting factor optimisation, and a collaborative filtering recommendation model is designed. The results show that the recommended error of the proposed method is 0.10%, the recommended time is less than two seconds, and the work efficiency is over 95%, indicating that the method can improve the accuracy and efficiency of resource recommendation.
  Keywords: collaborative filtering algorithm; online education; learning resources; personalised recommendation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10058361
   
  
• Recognition of Foul Actions of Football Players Based on Self Attention Mechanism  
  by Yingdong Song 
  Abstract: In order to solve the problems of low recognition accuracy and long recognition time in traditional methods, a recognition method of foul actions of football players based on self attention mechanism was designed. Firstly, the image of football player is obtained by Kinect device and the image features are extracted. Secondly, the background of action image is separated by background clipping method, and the noise of motion pixel point eight neighbourhood is removed by smoothing noise reduction method. Finally, set a set of key value pairs for foul actions, encode them using the encoder in the self attention mechanism, calculate the probability of foul actions occurring, and decode the dependency relationship of the encoded foul actions to determine whether the action is a foul action and obtain relevant recognition results. The test results show that the proposed method can improve the accuracy of foul action recognition and has a good effect.
  Keywords: self attention mechanism; football players; foul actions; recognition; background clipping method; encoder.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10058362
   
  
• Comparison of Bald Eagle Search (BES) algorithm with benchmark meta-heuristic algorithms (PSO, ABC and GWO) applied to robot path planning  
  by Ganapati Kamat, Yogeswarr S, Narahari N, Vineeth Parashivamurthy 
  Abstract: This work focuses on comparing the latest swarm-intelligence-based algorithm, the bald eagle search (BES), with three well-known metaheuristic algorithms
  Keywords: bald-eagle search; BES; particle swarm optimisation; PSO; grey wolf optimisation; GWO; artificial bee colony; ABC; swarm intelligence; path optimisation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10058592
   
  
• Forest fire identification method of UAV remote sensing image based on FCM clustering algorithm  
  by Peiran Li, Yuqing Tan, Wei He, Haifeng Zhang, Zhanlan Xie 
  Abstract: In order to overcome the problems of low recognition accuracy and speed in traditional forest fire recognition methods, the paper proposes a forest fire recognition method based on unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing images using FCM clustering algorithm. Firstly, the FCM clustering algorithm is used to cluster and segment the target RGB pixels in unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing images. Secondly, according to the calculation rules of the LPB algorithm, the flame characteristics of forest fires are calculated. Finally, the optimal hyperplane of SVM is used to judge whether the target RGB pixels in the remote sensing image are fire pixels, and the forest fire recognition method can be obtained after traversing all pixels. The experimental results show that the fire location identified by this method is completely consistent with the actual situation, and the recognition rate can reach a maximum of 52 frames/s.
  Keywords: FCM clustering algorithm; UAV remote sensing image; forest fire awareness; flame characteristics.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10058888
   
  
• Automatic Vessel Lumen Segmentation in Optical Coherence Tomography Images  
  by Kamel. Mohammed, Noha Elfiky, Ashraf Darwish, Aboul Ella Hassanien 
  Abstract: Automatic vessel lumen segmentation is a very challenging vision task, yet it is extremely important. Automatic vessel lumen segmentation helps in better diagnostics and therapy of coronary artery disease. In this paper, we propose an automatic vessel lumen segmentation framework that relies on a Fully Convolutional Network (FCN). Motivated by the fact that FCNs have been widely used recently in various biomedical image segmentation applications showing very promising results. In addition, the proposed framework has been evaluated using standard evaluation metrics. The proposed framework has been compared with state-of-the-art methods for vessel lumen segmentation and we obtained more accurate results using the same publicly available Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) images dataset. The experimental results show that the proposed architecture achieves high evaluation scores; with Absolute Mean Difference of 1.62%, Sensitivity of 99.43%, Specificity of 99.25%, Hausdorff Distance of 12.42, and F1 score of 99.34%.
  Keywords: Lumen Segmentation; Optical Coherence; Tomography Images; Deep Learning; Segmentation; optimization.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10058889
   
  
• Research on Korean translation error text detection method based on machine vision  
  by Ziyou Zhou 
  Abstract: Due to the differences and complexity between languages,Korean machine translation still has translation errors,ambiguity and discontinuity, such as translation errors, ambiguity and discontinuity.Therefore, this paper proposes a Korean translation error text detection method based on machine vision.The linear array CCD sensor in machine vision is used to collect Korean translation text images. The images are corrected for distortion and processed for grayscale,and enhanced through Gabor filters. The images are segmented into multiple candidate frames for recognizing the Korean translation text regions.Combining the results of text region recognition,a CNN-Attention model is constructed. The model is then used to input the image to be recognized, extract text features and match with knowledge points to output detection results. The experimental results show that the minimum text recognition rate of this method is 94.8%, the average detection rate is 97.1%, and the minimum detection time is 0.3s
  Keywords: Machine vision; Korean translation; Error text detection; Linear array CCD sensor; Gabor filters; CNN-Attention model.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10058890
   
  
• Food Ingredient Recognition Model via Image and Textual Feature Extraction and Hybrid Classification Strategy  
  by Sharanabasappa A. Madival, Shivkumar S. Jawalgi 
  Abstract: This research work focuses on food recognition, especially, the identification of the ingredients from food images. Here, the developed model includes two stages specifically, feature extraction and classification. Here, the developed model includes two stages namely: 1) feature extraction; 2) classification. Initially, the image features and textual features will be extracted, where image features like SIFT and improved CNN-based deep features, textural features are extracted. Then, the hybrid classifier is used for the identification of food ingredients that combines the models like neural network (NN) as well as long short-term memory (LSTM). In order to make the accurate results, the weights of NN and LSTM are fine-tuned via the Chebyshev map evaluated team work optimisation (CME-TWO) algorithm. At final stage, the primacy of the offered scheme is proven concerning varied metrics.
  Keywords: food ingredients; improved CNN; TF-IDF features; long short-term memory; LSTM; CME-TWO algorithm.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2023.10058891
   
  
• Enterprise hidden financial information extraction method based on data source dependency  
  by Jingyi Li 
  Abstract: The significance of hidden financial information extraction research lies in the discovery of corporate financial fraud. In order to address the shortcomings of traditional methods such as low recall and precision, and long time overhead, therefore an enterprise hidden financial information extraction method based on data source dependency is proposed. By determining the redundancy of enterprise financial information through data source dependency relationships, the data source dependency relationships are cleaned, and the cleaned data is input into the RDCNN-CRF model to achieve information label classification. Combined with the label classification results, an ordered long-short-term memory-multi-head attention mechanism neural network model is constructed, and the processed data is input into this model. The model output is the result of extracting hidden financial information. The experimental results show that the mean recall rate and precision rate of the proposed method are 97.92% and 98.07%, and the maximum time consumption is 0.82 s.
  Keywords: data source dependency; enterprise; hidden financial information; information extraction; redundancy; RDCNN-CRF model.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2024.10059318
   
  
• A Personalized Recommendation Method for Low-carbon Tourism Routes Based on User Feature Mining  
  by Bing Hou 
  Abstract: In order to overcome the problem of poor user feature mining accuracy and recommendation satisfaction in personalised recommendation methods, a low-carbon tourism route personalised recommendation method based on user feature mining is proposed. Firstly, determine the changes in the cost of low-carbon tourism production behaviour and the demand curve for low-carbon tourism, as well as the characteristics of low-carbon tourism. Secondly, calculate the similarity of low-carbon tourism user features to achieve overall feature mining for low-carbon tourism users. Finally, calculate the user feature entropy and conditional entropy, and analyse the key degree of low-carbon behaviour characteristics of tourism users. Personalise recommendations for low-carbon tourism routes that meet the conditions based on users’ preferred low-carbon tourism attractions. The experimental results indicate that the research method can effectively improve the efficiency of fine-grained user feature mining, and the satisfaction with personalised recommendation of low-carbon tourism routes is high.
  Keywords: user feature mining; low carbon tourism; route planning; personalised recommendation; conditional entropy; route planning.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2024.10059319
   
  
• An optimizing method of Japanese character recognition based on improved support vector machine  
  by Yang Wang, Pan Zhao 
  Abstract: Aiming at the problem of low recognition accuracy and long recognition time due to poor feature extraction, a Japanese character recognition method based on improved support vector machine was studied. First, the mean filtering method is used to denoise Japanese text samples, and then Gabor filter is used to extract features, and Fourier transform is used to optimise the extraction speed. Then, the initial text recognition method is constructed by introducing support vector machine and improving the penalty coefficient algorithm. Finally, Japanese character recognition is realised by using the multi-layer perceptron function as the kernel by processing linear indivisible samples with the relaxation term minimisation. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively extract Japanese character features with a recognition accuracy of 97.4% and a recognition time of only 1.3 s, which effectively solves the problems of low recognition accuracy and long recognition time.
  Keywords: support vector machine; Japanese characters; identification method; Gabor filter; Fourier transform; penalty coefficient; Kernel function.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2024.10059320
   
  
• Evaluation of the shortest path using a ripple-spreading algorithm in an uncertain environment  
  by Prasanta Kumar Raut, Siva Prasad Behera 
  Abstract: The efficient determination of the SP in a connected network is a crucial problem in various domains, such as transportation, communication, and logistics. Traditional approaches often assume crisp values for the parameters, but in real-world scenarios, uncertainties and imprecision are prevalent. This study proposes a novel approach that utilises the ripple-spreading algorithm with triangular fuzzy numbers as parameters to determine the SP in a given network. The ripple-spreading algorithm, known for its ability to propagate information or updates through a network, is adapted to handle uncertainties by incorporating triangular fuzzy numbers. Each connection in the network is described by a triangular fuzzy number, which utilises the triangular fuzzy numbers consisting of lower bounds, modal values, and upper bounds, forming a triangular-shaped membership function. The propagation is performed considering the triangular fuzzy numbers as parameters, accounting for uncertainties and imprecisions.
  Keywords: ripple-spreading algorithm; shortest path; network; triangular fuzzy number; uncertainty.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2024.10059321
   
  
• Study on Deep Mining of Network Ideological and Political Resources Based on Weighted Deep Forest  
  by Dan Yin, Na Wang 
  Abstract: Traditional methods for deep mining of ideological and political resources on the internet have problems such as poor comprehensiveness in mining and ineffective fine-grained control. Therefore, a deep mining method of network ideological and political resources based on weighted deep forest is proposed. Firstly, the ideological and political resources are classified and their relationships are structured into a tree-like structure. Then, keyword tables, index tables, and synonym index tables are designed to extract features of resources after indexing and dimensionality reduction. Finally, a multi-granularity scanning structure based on weighted deep forest is constructed to determine the existence status of resources on different network platforms, and resource deep mining is achieved by determining data weight factors. By analysing the experimental results, it can be seen that the method proposed in this article has good comprehensiveness in deep resource extraction, good fine-grained control effect, and good mining effect.
  Keywords: weighted deep forest; network ideological and political resources; deep mining; tree-like structure; extract features; weight factors.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2024.10059322
   
  
• Adverse COVID-19 Vaccination-Related Events in India: A Cross-sectional Study Using Machine Learning to Predict Their Severity  
  by Hemangini Mohanty, Santilata Champati, Jyotiranjan Sahoo 
  Abstract: The most effective method of preventing Coronavirus illness is vaccination, despite its status as a global outbreak. In this study, India's COVID-19 vaccination's unfavorable consequences are evaluated and builds a model for predicting the severity of side effects. A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey among the Indian population who received at least a single dose of COVID-19 vaccine. Then, data were statistically analyzed, and machine learning tools were used to build a predictive model predicting the severity of side effects. A total of 3222 participants' records were analyzed; for those participants receiving three different Vaccines, i.e., Covaxin, Covishield, and SputnikV. Only 25% experienced mild-to-moderate side effects. The most common side effects recorded were Fever/Chills, headache, feeling pain at the injection site, tiredness and fatigue. The people receiving the first dose (71.93%) had significant side effects compared to the second dose.
  Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 vaccine; COVID-19 vaccine; post-vaccination symptoms; machine learning; predictive model.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJRIS.2024.10059323