## Forthcoming articles

### International Journal of Process Management and Benchmarking

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 International Journal of Process Management and Benchmarking (56 papers in press) Regular Issues Reliability Analysis of Variables of Environmental Management in Indian micro scale industries and SMEs   by D.R. Prajapati, P.J. Singh, Amit Kumar Tanwer Abstract: Performance parameters of Environmental Management System (EMS); based on HR dimensions and organizational dimension are important measures for the successful implementation of EMS in any manufacturing industry. This paper identifies the various EMS variables for the successful implementation EMS in the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) of India. Various measures of collected data of survey of Indian micro scale industries and SMEs have been validated and analysed by using SPSS software. The collected data have been analysed by statistical tools like importance-index and Corrected item minus total correlation (CIMTC) methods and reliability of these data has been tested by Cronbachs alpha (α) analysis. The computed results show that the identified measures are highly reliable for implementation of EMS in Indian SMEs. This study shows that 53 items out of 54 items of 9 variables are having the values of Cronbachs alpha (α) more than 0.70 and it shows that the collected data are highly reliable for Indian SMEs. It is also found that the values of Cronbachs alpha for the employees empowermentʼ and ʻTraining and awareness are above 0.80 and rest variables have the values of Cronbachs alpha (α) in the range of 0.50-0.80 for micro scale Indian industries. Keywords: Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs); Environmental Management System (EMS); Environmental Performance (EP); Cronbach’s alpha; Importance-index and CIMTC. A comparative study of multi-criteria decision making approaches for prioritizing the manufacturing systems   by Suman Gothwal, Tilak Raj Abstract: Globalization and modern lifestyle trends have put up tremendous challenge to manufacturing industries. To meet the challenges imposed by todays dynamic market conditions it is the right time for the manufacturing companies to transit from traditional manufacturing system to advance manufacturing system. This paper highlights four areas of manufacturing systems i.e., humanised flexible manufacturing system (HFMS), flexible manufacturing system (FMS), computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) and computer numerical control (CNC) systems. The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework to proactively select the best manufacturing system. This study is an effort for identifying the factors affecting the manufacturing system and to find out the best manufacturing system. For this purpose a comparative study of multi criteria decision making approaches, analytical network process (ANP) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) techniques have been used for prioritization of alternatives. The shortcomings of the research are stated and future directions are proposed. Keywords: Measures; humanised flexible manufacturing system; HFMS; flexible manufacturing system; FMS; computer integrated manufacturing; CIM; computer numerical control; CNC; analytical network process; ANP; analytical hierarchy process; AHP;. Development of Optimistic and Pessimistic Models using FDEA to Measure Performance Efficiencies of DMUs   by Alka Arya, Shiv Prasad Yadav Abstract: In this paper, we develop optimistic and pessimistic models using fuzzy data envelopment analysis (FDEA). We find the fuzzy optimistic and fuzzy pessimistic efficiencies by using the -cut method. By using super-efficiency technique, we develop models to obtain the complete ranking of the DMUs when fuzzy optimistic and pessimistic models are considered separately. Further, to rank the DMUs when both fuzzy optimistic and pessimistic models are taken simultaneously as hybrid approach. To address the overall performance using fuzzy optimistic and pessimistic situations together in FDEA, we propose a hybrid FDEA using -cut efficiencies decision model. Finally, these developed optimistic and pessimistic FDEA models and ranking models are illustrated with two examples. The proposed model is applied to a real world problem of health sector. We determine the performance efficiencies of hospitals in Meerut district, Uttar Pradesh state, India for the calendar year 2013-2014 using the proposed model. Number of health superintendents and number of health workers are taken as input variables, and number of inpatients and number of outpatients as output variables. Keywords: Hospitals; Performance Efficiency; Optimistic and pessimistic; Super-efficiency; FDEA. INTEGRATED VENDOR-BUYER INVENTORY MODEL IN A SUPPLY CHAIN WITH VARIABLE LEAD TIME AND SETUP COST REDUCTION   by Uthayakumar R, Hemapriya Selvaraj Abstract: The single vendor single-buyer integrated production inventory system has been an object of study for a long time but little is known about the effect of investing in reducing setup cost on the integrated inventory models with variable lead time and production lot size dependent lead time and transportation time. A mathematical model is derived to investigate the effects of setup cost reduction on the integrated inventory system by reducing the total cost system. A numerical example is included to illustrate the results of the model. Finally, Graphical representation is presented to illustrate the model. The solution procedure is furnished to determine the optimal solution and the sensitivity analysis has been carried out to illustrate the behaviours of the proposed model. Keywords: Integrated inventory model; Supply chain management; Setup cost reduction. Technology push strategies and their consequences on sustainable development in manufacturing industries   by Anuj Singla, I.P.S. Ahuja, A.P.S. Sethi Abstract: The objective behind the review is to have an insight of Technology Push (TP) activities to escalate the essential capabilities in manufacturing ventures and analyzing the experiences of the developed and developing countries. Themes and relevant articles have been identified from the various journals and linked with issues related to technology push for sustainable development in manufacturing industries. The study reveals that adjustment of viable TP strategies may endow towards reckoning key skills in the framework of a company. In addition to this, the review emphasizes that the TP strategies has significant impact on the sustainable development of the manufacturing industries. It has been observed that the role of TP in manufacturing companies has not been much reported. A synthesis can be established with satisfaction levels of technology push strategies, which may help to secure concrete objectives and interests of an organization. The paper reviews various attributes of TP through a number of publications in this field. Keywords: Technology push; Sustainable development; Manufacturing industries; Technology management. Simulation Analysis of Multi-Node Manufacturing System under Design and Scheduling Strategies   by Rajeev Kumar, Madhawanand Mishra Abstract: To cater to dynamic and variable performance matrices, manufacturing industries use automation tools and technologies to impart manufacturing flexibility in its processes. To successfully cater to its performance, manufacturing requirements should be designed into the system and then appropriate planning and operational policies need to be followed to support it. This research work validates this using an industrial size Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) as a multi node manufacturing framework having eight machines. While FMS design spectrum is modeled by different levels of its Routing Flexibility (RF) and number of pallets (NP), planning and operational strategies are implemented through various combinations of Dispatching and Sequencing rules (DR/SR). This work is a simulation study to evaluate FMS performance for which Make Span Time (MST) and machine utilization have been used as a performance metric. This research provides a framework for the decision makers in identifying the appropriate levels of routing flexibility, number of pallets and appropriate combination of dispatching and sequencing rules for optimizing system performance under a given manufacturing environment. Keywords: Routing Flexibility; Sequencing Rule; Dispatching Rule; Simulation of FMS. Hybrid genetic algorithm for multi-objective flow shop scheduling problem with sequence dependent setup time: Parameter design using Taguchi's robust design method   by Sridharan R, V. Anjana, P.N. Ram Kumar Abstract: This paper focuses on scheduling a permutation flow shop where setup times are sequence dependent. The objectives involved are minimisation of makespan and mean tardiness. A hybrid genetic algorithm is developed to obtain a set of non-dominant solutions to the multi-objective flow shop scheduling problem. Genetic algorithm is used in combination with a local search method to obtain the pareto-optimal solutions. The best parameters of the proposed algorithm are determined using the Taguchis robust design method and the concept of utility index value. The set of parameters corresponding to the highest utility value is selected as the optimal parameters for the proposed algorithm. The algorithm is applied to the benchmark problems of flow shop scheduling with sequence dependent setup time. Keywords: permutation flow shop; hybrid genetic algorithm; Taguchi method; utility concept. Quantifying the influence of FMS on the productivity of a firm   by Sandhya Dixit, Tilak Raj Abstract: The manufacturing organisations adopt Flexible Manufacturing Systems to meet the challenges imposed by todays volatile market standards. An FMS is designed to combine the efficiency of a mass production line and the flexibility of a job shop to produce a variety of products on a group of machines. Productivity is a key factor in a flexible manufacturing system performance. Despite the advantages offered, the implementation of FMS has not been very popular especially in developing countries as it is very difficult to quantify the factors favouring FMS implementation. For its successful implementation, technological considerations, cost justification as well as strategic benefits are to be weighted. Therefore an attempt has been made in the present work to identify and categorize various productivity factors influenced by the implementation of FMS in a firm, further these factors are quantitatively analysed to find their inhibiting strength using Graph Theory Approach (GTA). GTA is a powerful approach which synthesizes the inter-relationship among different variables or subsystems and provides a synthetic score for the entire system. So using this approach a numerical index is proposed in this work to evaluate and rank the various productivity factors so that the practising managers can have better focus. Keywords: Manufacturing; FMS; Productivity; GTA. Optimal Sequencing of Part Families and Configuration selection for process improvement in Reconfigurable Manufacturing System   by Kamal Kumar Mittal, Pramod Kumar Jain, Dinesh Kumar Abstract: Reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS) are considered as next generation manufacturing systems that are capable of providing the functionality and capacity as and when required. Products are classified into several part families as per customer requirement and each of them are a set of similar products. In a shop floor, the manufacturers have to deal with varied number of orders for multiple part families and after completing the orders of a particular family, they need to change over to the orders of a different part family. Shifting from one part family to another may require the systems reconfiguration, which is a complicated method and requires tremendous cost and efforts. The complexity, effort and cost from changing one configuration to another depends on the existing initial configuration and the new configuration required for subsequent production of orders belonging to a different part family. There are different models available for process improvement This paper focuses on determining optimal sequencing of part families formation and configuration selection for process improvement in RMS on the basis of minimum loss occurred for a given system configuration. The proposed methodology is explained and an example is given for illustration. Keywords: RMS; configuration selection; part family; reconfiguration cost; process;order state. Project Behavior In Different Types of Project Management Organizations: A System Dynamics Approach   by Reem Alkadeem, Soheir Backar, Heba Elhaddad, Mohammad El-Dardiry Abstract: Developing new products is a highly dynamic complex process. Managing such dynamic projects is not an easy task. In this research, different scenarios of NPD projects work systems are examined. The capability of these projects work systems to deal with the dynamic nature of NPD projects to mitigate the negative impacts of this nature on NPD project performance . This study shows that, the most suitable organizational work environment for moderate and high complex projects is the highly flexible work system environment. While it is appropriate for low complex projects to provide a formal work system environment. This study makes an attempt to use systems dynamic modeling to model the work system characteristics and managerial styles in interaction with projects behavior. It provides a step towards the understanding of how both work systems characteristics and managerial styles would influence projects performance and their probability of success. It serves as a guide for projects managers suggesting proper ways to better manage different NPD projects with different levels of complexities. Keywords: project behavior; work system design; managerial styles; formality; system dynamics; scenario planning. Metaheuristic algorithms for the generalized cell formation problem considering machine reliability   by Mohammad Mahdi Nasiri, Foruzan Naseri Abstract: In this paper, we use two metaheuristic algorithms, i.e., artificial bee colony (ABC) and covariance matrix adaptation revolution strategies (CMA-ES), for solving the generalized cell formation problem considering machine reliability. The purpose is to choose the best process routing for each part and to allocate the machines to the manufacturing cells in order to minimize the total cost, which is composed of intracellular movement cost, intercellular movement cost and machines breakdown cost. To evaluate the metaheuristic algorithms, eight numerical examples in three different sizes are solved. The results of the two algorithms are compared with each other and with the results of solving the MIP model. Both the MIP solver and metaheuristics find the optimal solutions for the small size problem instances while by increasing the problem size, metaheuristics show higher performance. The results illustrate that the CMA-ES algorithm outperforms the ABC algorithm in both solution quality and CPU time. Keywords: group technology; generalized cell formation problem; reliability; artificial bee colony; covariance matrix adaptation revolution strategies. Two Levels of Storage Model for Deteriorating Items, Stock Dependent Demand and Partial Backlogging with Both Rented Warehouses   by Shilpy Tayal, S.R. Singh, Amit Kumar Attri Abstract: In this paper an inventory model for deteriorating items with two warehouses has been developed, where both the warehouses considered are rented. The demand rate for both the warehouses is different. Since the demand for the products increases due to stock up to a certain level and after that it becomes constant. In this model it is assumed that the demand in first warehouse is stock dependent and after that when the extra stock is filled in second warehouse the demand rate becomes constant for that. Due to different storage conditions the deterioration rate is also different in both the warehouse. A numerical example and sensitivity analysis is also presented to illustrate the study. The main objective of this paper is to find out the optimal total cost of the system. Keywords: Rented Warehouses; Deterioration; Stock Dependent Demand; Partial Backlogging; Inventory. Forecasting & Aggregate Planning Application a case study of a Small Enterprise in Indonesia   by Elia Oey, Williem Artono Wijaya, Scherly Hansopaheluwakan Abstract: A good and interconnected demand and supply planning (D&SP) is essential for firms, as it will give better allocation of resource and enabler to stay competitive. The basic and simple applications of D&SP are forecasting and aggregate planning which mainly used in big corporations, but less in small and medium enterprises. The research was a case study in a small firm in Indonesia, which started as small and family-owned company, but can enjoy the benefit of simple demand and supply planning to enhance its cost and productivity. Despite main application of D&SP in every production environment, no vast research has been done in the last couple of decades. The study and the case are thus a refreshment on how application of D&SP still relevant. The case study examined 7 common forecasting tools for demand planning side, and exercised classical chase and level aggregate planning strategy for the supply planning side. It explored 3 possible scenarios, and recommended a better scenario with 3% cost saving for the company. Keywords: Demand Planning; Supply Planning; Demand and Supply Planning (D&SP); Aggregate planning; Forecasting; Small enterprise. Prioritization and selection of non-traditional machining processes and their criteria using analytic hierarchy process approach   by Faisal Talib, Mohammad Asjad Abstract: In order to understand the manufacturing and machining requirements that have been increased sharply due to evolution of newer and difficult to machine materials which are being utilized by the manufacturing industries, a different class of manufacturing and machining process has emerged from past few decades know as non-traditional machining (NTM) processes. These processes have ability to develop intricate and typical shape products with high degree of accuracy and precision, close dimensional tolerance, and good surface finish. On the other hand, NTM processes also consume high power and are too expensive, hence, necessitates in optimum selection of NTM processes and their related criteria. In this study, a model is developed using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methodology to help the process engineers and decision makers in prioritizing and ranking the various NTM processes and their criteria identified from literature review, and selecting the most appropriate NTM process and its criteria for typical machining process. The methodology also assists in identifying the most significant NTM processes and their criteria that could help the process engineers and decision makers for higher productivity and industry performance. Analysis of the present study shows that NTM process "based on the source of energy" has ranked at first place followed by "based on the medium of the energy transfer", "based on the type of energy used", and "based on the mechanism of material removal". Further, the study also prioritized the various NTM processes criteria consisting of 27 criteria. The priority criteria that ranked on top are: voltage, current, ions, and ionised particles. The findings of the present study will help process engineers, decision makers and practitioners in selecting the best NTM process and its criteria, and then implementing them in their industry for improved performance. Keywords: Non-traditional machining (NTM) processes; criteria; analytic hierarchy process (AHP); voltage; current; and energy. Quality Edge Extraction of Mechanical CAD Parts for Intelligent Manufacturing   by Tushar Jain, Meenu , H.K. Sardana Abstract: Computer Aided Testing (CAT) is the latest technique. Its because CAT involve in a different stages of manufacturing like Designing, Production, Quality Control by 3D Measuring Instrument that is time consuming. If the object position is known before examined, time can be managed. Machine vision dependent inspection of mechanical CAD parts has become demanding area in the field of industrial inspection. In this work we developed the procedure to detect the mechanical CAD parts with the edge based algorithms. The data has been taken with 3D model that has been designed using Solid Edge ST8 CAD/CAM PLM software and analyzed using MATLAB for automated production checking system. Our proposed method uses the edge based recognition of CAD object by Fuzzy based approach in order to create image information of shape before it can be used for pose estimation in Computer Aided Testing System. From the experimental results, it has been found that with the proposed vision system more accurate and reliable products can be manufactured intelligently. Keywords: Computer Aided Testing (CAT); Machine vision; Image processing; CAD/CAM; Fuzzy logic; Intelligent Manufacturing; Edge extraction; STL format. Towards a new model of industrial performance improvement for SMEs: A case study of TPM implementation in an industrial SME   by Badr Elwardi, Anwar Meddaoui, Ahmed Mouchtachi Abstract: In a competitive economic environment, manufacturers are forced to face delay, quality and cost challenges. Hence, emergence of lean manufacturing and total productive maintenance (TPM) concepts came to resolve this problem by improving productivity. However, for many manufacturers, especially small and medium-sized enterprises (SME), these concepts remain very difficult to implement and maintain. In this perspective, this work aims at clarifying some failure factors and proposes a model to improve both productivity and performance. This model has been implemented in the plastics industry through a case study relating basic concepts of TPM and Management by Objectives (MBO). Nevertheless, few research works are interested to develop lean model for manufacturing SMEs. This paper aims to enrich this research axis by an industrial case study in a Moroccan SME. Further researches can exploit the findings of this work in order to implement the proposed model in other industries. Keywords: Total productive maintenance; lean manufacturing; key performance indicators; data collection; small and medium-sized enterprises. Consequences of knowledge processes in small businesses: The role of knowledge acquisition, dynamic capabilities, knowledge sharing and creativity   by Sayyed Mohsen Allameh, Masoud Kiani Khozani, Behzad Baniasadi Abstract: Creativity has found a leading strategic position in service industries, and companies have increasingly implemented knowledge management practices and dynamic capabilities in their organizations over the past decade. Realizing the importance of knowledge acquisition from social media, knowledge sharing, and dynamic capabilities in employee creativity, we have made an attempt in this research to propose a conceptual framework. Drawing from the organizational behavior literature, we hypothesize and test the relationship among knowledge acquisition, dynamic capabilities, knowledge sharing and employee creativity. We performed a structural equation model (SEM) test with maximum likelihood estimation to test the relationship among the research variables with a sample of 293 participants. The empirical results from the structural model suggest that knowledge acquisition positively influences both dynamic capabilities and knowledge sharing, and knowledge sharing has a direct effect on dynamic capabilities. Furthermore, dynamic capabilities and knowledge sharing were shown to be direct antecedents of employee creativity. Keywords: Knowledge processes; Innovation; Creativity; Social media; Knowledge acquisition; Dynamic capabilities; Knowledge sharing; Small businesses. Parametric Non-linear Programming for Fuzzified Queueing Systems with Catastrophe   by Chandra Shekhar, Amit Kumar, Shreekant Varshney Abstract: The concept of catastrophe, happening at random and leading to force to abandon all present customers, data, machines immediately and the instantly inoperative of the service facilities until a new arrival of the customer is not uncommon in many practical problems of the computer and communication systems. In this research article, we present a process to frame the membership function of queueing system' characteristics of the classical single server $M/M/1$ fuzzy queueing model having fuzzified exponentially distributed inter-arrival time and service time with fuzzy catastrophe. We employ the $\alpha$-cut approach to transform fuzzy queues into a family of the conventional crisp intervals for the queueing characteristics which are computed with a set of the parametric non-linear program using their membership functions. In a $FM/FM/1$ fuzzy queueing model with fuzzy catastrophe, we characterized an arrival rate, and service rate with fuzzy numbers with fuzzy catastrophe which is also represented by a fuzzy number. We employ basic fuzzy arithmetic fundamental, Zadeh's extension principle, Yager's ranking index to establish fuzzy relation among different rates and to compute corresponding defuzzify values. We present an illustrative example to show practicality and tractability of the process in detail. We also derived the informative membership function of queueing system characteristics using fuzzy operations and arithmetic and results are depicted in tables and graphs for providing better insight to management along with their sensitivity to parameters. Keywords: Fuzzy sets; $alpha$-cut; FM/FM/1 queueing system; Catastrophe. Optimization of WEDM parameters in a gear cutting process using MOORA based GA   by Kasinath Das Mohapatra Abstract: The present paper deals with multi objective optimization of Wire EDM process parameters in a gear cutting process of Titanium alloy Grade 5 using MOORA based GA methodology. The objective of the present research is to optimize the response parameters using hybrid technique for a gear tooth in order to obtain an optimized setting and to study the effect of process parameters on the output responses. In the present study, Combii Wire (Brass with diffused Zinc) of 0.25 mm diameter was machined with a 2 mm thickness of Titanium plate in the shape of a gear. The process was carried out using full factorial design of experiments having 81 combinations. ANOVA table reveals that Pulse on time and Wire feed rate are the significant process parameters affecting the responses in WEDM process. The optimized setting obtained can be further used to produce high quality miniature gears. Keywords: ANOVA; Brass; Full factorial; Gear; MOORA; Titanium; Pulse on time; Wire EDM; Wire feed rate. Lean Six Sigma Implementation in an OEM: A Case based approach   by Raja Sreedharan V, Rajeev Trehan, Dhanya M, Arunprasad P Abstract: Lean Six Sigma (LSS) is wide accepted as a successful quality improvement program. However, many literatures have reported that companies have struggled with LSS projects and Indian manufacturing firms are no exception to this scenario. Therefore, the article provides a description of LSS implementation at a manufacturing company. The company manufactures PTO (Power Take Off) shafts for tractors. Nevertheless, the company was receiving high non-conformance resulting in part rejection. Therefore, the study deals with the defect reduction through LSS implementation. Using, the DMAIC approach with suitable tools, statistical analysis were performed to identify the bottleneck in the operations and the corrective measure were taken to the improve quality of PTO. In addition, the researchers proposed preventive methods for reoccurring issues and developed a plan to sustain the project to find the required results. At the end of the project, the researchers yielded considerable cost saving and defect reduction. The study concludes with the managerial implications and contribution to the society with the limitations of the study. Keywords: Lean Six Sigma (LSS); Force Field Analysis; Cost Savings; Process Improvement. A novel approach for benchmarking maintenance based on Fuzzy reliability index for the replacement of street lights under uncertainty   by Atul Kumar Sahu, Harendra Kumar Narang, Mridul Singh Rajput Abstract: In this study; the authors consider the context of such products; whose component failures cannot be rectified through repair actions, but can only be fixed by replacement. The authors develop a cost effective decision model based on reliability for the replacement of street lights in this study. The direction to benchmark maintenance time for operating the street lights with minimum expenditure is discussed by the authors. The replacement policy based on fuzzy reliability index; which can effectively deal with uncertainty and vagueness is proposed in this study. The theoretical model is proposed and explained with a numerical procedure to illustrate the applicability of the proposed study. The study determined the link amongst individual replacement and the group replacement policies by defining the economic instant for replacing street lights. A decision support model incorporating uncertainty and impreciseness is presented to estimate and plan prior maintenance efforts. The individual and the group replacement policies are exposed in this study by housing a subjective theoretical framework that defines their monetary contribution. The study provides valuable insight for using the real time data information for designing a replacement model using fuzzy logic. The authors proposed a fuzzy reliability approach to check the optimality of the group replacement policy. Keywords: Maintenance; Generalized Trapezoidal Fuzzy Number set (GTFNs); Replacement; Uncertainty; Economic Life; Reliability. Analysis of M[X]/Gk/1 retrial queue with Bernoulli - 2 vacation, search for customers and hot stand-by   by J. Radha, K. Indhira, V.M. Chandrasekaran Abstract: A batch arrival retrial queueing model with k optional stages of service, extended Bernoulli vacation and stand-by is studied. After completion of the ith stage of service, the customer may have the option to choose (i+1)th stage of service with probability θi or may leave the system with probability 1-θi, i=1,2,...,k-1 and 1 for i=k. After service completion of each customer, the server may take a vacation with probability v1 and extend a vacation with probability v2 or rejoins the system after the first vacation with probability 1-v2. Busy server may get to breakdown and the stand-by server provides service only during the repair times. At the completion of service, vacation or repair, the server searches for the customer in the orbit (if any) with probability α or remains idle with probability 1-α. By using the supplementary variable method, steady state probability generating function for system size, some system performance measures like Ls, Lq, Ws and Wq are discussed. Simulation results are given using MATLAB. Keywords: Retrial; k - optional service; orbital search; standby; extended vacation; Supplementary Variable Technique. Service identification by Enhanced K Mean Algorithm in service oriented architecture   by Anurag Shashwat, Deepak Kumar Abstract: Service Oriented Architecture is widely accepted approach that facilitates business agility by aligning IT with business. Service Identification with right level of granularity is the most critical aspect in service oriented architecture. It is considered as first steps in the Service Oriented Development life cycle. The services must be defined or identified keeping service reuse in different business contexts. Service identification is challenging to application development team due to several reasons such as lack of business process documentation, lack of expert analyst, and lack of business executive involvement, lack of reuse of services, lack of right decision to choose the appropriate service. Service oriented architectural project uses large repository, where in services are stored randomly in the repository. This causes considerable amount of search time when service is searched from the database. In case of trigger based application, current service storage process will not be much effective due to inadequacy in service level agreement. In this regard, the author(s) explored the possibilities of service identification using k-means clustering. This paper suggests an approach to identify the appropriate service using distributed repository based on enhanced k mean algorithm. The Creation of distributed repository based on business service functionality will reduce search time, service replication and increase the performance and reliability of the service. Proposed Model has been experimentally validated and author(s) found significant decrease in service search time. This Model will be helpful in building the applications with minimum service level agreement. Keywords: Service-oriented architecture; K- Mean; Service Identification; Cluster.DOI: 10.1504/IJPMB.2020.10021520  A new mathematical modeling for relief operation based on stochastic programming   by M.B. Fakhrzad, H. Hasanzadeh Abstract: Number of natural disasters and the people affected by them has been increased over recent years. In the last two decades, the field of disaster management and humanitarian logistics has earned more attention. Design of relief logistic network as a strategic decision and relief distribution as an operational decision are the most important activities for disaster operation management before and after a disaster. Since related information can be updated after disaster, we consider a relief helicopter to satisfy the lack of inventory in different depots. In the proposed mathematical model, pre-disaster decisions are determined according to different scenarios in a two stage optimization scheme. Moreover, we present a meta-heuristic algorithm based on particle swarm optimization as a solution method. Finally, the model for two stages of disaster management is testified by several instances. Computational results based on three approaches confirm that the proposed model has proper performance. Keywords: Disaster management; Scenario based; Relief distribution; facility location problem. Productivity and profitability of process industry using TDABC: A case study   by Ashwin Ganorkar, Ramesh Lakhe, Kamalkishor Agrawal Abstract: The global competition in the international market is forcing industries to increase the productivity and profitability. Time driven activity based costing (TDABC) is newly developed approach in the field of cost accounting. Companies are more interested in increasing productivity and profitability rather than assigning the cost on the product. This paper presents an approach to estimate the cost of process industry using TDABC and how it is useful in increasing productivity and profitability. The approach is explained with the help of case study in the process industry. The results indicate that TDABC provides the useful information for identifying the areas for improving the productivity of the industry and its effect on profitability. This paper also discusses how TDABC helps in taking the decision for improving productivity and profitability. Keywords: TDABC; process industry; productivity; profitability. A two-phase simulated annealing algorithm to minimise the completion time variance of jobs in flowshops   by J. Krishnaraj, S. Thiagarajan Abstract: In this paper, simulated annealing (SA) algorithm is employed to solve the flowshop scheduling problem with the objective of minimising the completion time variance (CTV) of jobs. Four variants of the two-phase SA algorithm (SA-I to SA-IV) are proposed to solve flowshop scheduling problem with the objective of minimising the CTV of jobs without considering the right shifting of completion time of jobs on the last machine. The proposed SA algorithms have been tested on 90 benchmark flowshop scheduling problems. The solutions yielded by the proposed SA variants are compared with the best CTV of jobs reported in the literature, and the proposed SA-III is found to perform well in minimising the chosen performance measure (CTV) particularly in medium and large size problems. Keywords: scheduling; permutation flowshop; simulated annealing algorithm; completion time variance; CTV. A neural network based algorithm for flow shop scheduling problems under fuzzy environment   by Harendra Kumar, Shailendra Giri Abstract: Scheduling is very complex but important problem in the real world environment applications. Production scheduling with the objective of minimizing the makespan is an important task in manufacturing systems. For most of scheduling problem made so far, the processing time of each job on each machine have been assumed as a real number. However in real world applications the processing time is often imprecise which means the processing time may vary dynamically because of some human factor or operating faults. This paper considers an n jobs and m machines flow shop scheduling problem of minimizing the makespan. In this work fuzzy numbers are used to represent the processing times in the flow shop scheduling. Fuzzy and neural network based concept are applied to the flow shop scheduling problems to determine an optimal job sequence with the objective of minimize the makespan. The performance of our proposed hybrid model is compared with the existing methods selected from different papers. Some problems are solved with the present method and it is found suitable and workable in all the cases. A comparison of our present method with the existing methods is also provided in this work. Keywords: Flow shop scheduling; sequence; fuzzy number; defuzzification; artificial neural network; makespan. Enhancing enterprise resource planning and manufacturing execution system efficiency: A simulation-based decision support approach   by Arnesh Telukdarie, Chuks Medoh Abstract: Business units inclusive of large, medium and small-scale entities conventionally conducts activities based on business processes. Globalization has resulted in the gradual introduction of various automation systems at various levels of the business enterprise, specifically focussed on capturing essential business activities across the entity. These systems, inclusive of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) and Plant Systems (PS) has been adopted by larger corporates in executing and optimizing business functions. These large multinationals are described as complex entities with complex business structures inclusive of business processes. The quantification of automation, escalations and critical variables of these business processes has not been effectively conducted. A systems thinking approach adds the complexity of integrating all enterprise functions and creates a framework for evaluating the limitations and synergies so as to optimize these processes. This research focuses on the development, and configuration, of a simulation model for modelling enterprise maturity via business processes. This research approach includes hierarchical layout and segregation of these business processes, exploring these enterprise operations adopting business process tools, techniques, and methodologies aligned with a systems thinking approach. A simulation framework is configured and tested. The results prove that a simulation model potentially benefits a complex organization specific to evaluating time taken to execute business processes. The results indicate that interdependent processes can be modelled together by determining impacts of multiple critical variables in minimizing business process execution times. Keywords: simulation-based approach; manufacturing execution system; enterprise resource planning; Plant Systems; business process optimization; systems thinking. FANTASY SPORTS OUTCOMES AS CONTROVERSIAL ISSUE FROM A GENDER PERSPECTIVE   by Alan D. Smith, Amber Smith-Ditizio, Walter Kendall Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to explore and test certain assumptions concerning the fantasy sports industry as an enabler for quick, accurate, and descriptive information to its fan from a gender perspective. However, there are distinct disadvantages that seriously active user may have on sports fantasy gambling addiction and excessive wagering may have on society in general and this study should help provide a base line for future studies. Therefore, to explore the differences, the authors sought to provide statistical evidence that collaborate differences among gender based on technology acceptance models. The sample consisted of relatively well-paid professionals who many routinely engage in fantasy sports via a personal interview procedure was implemented and highly representative of the service industry located in the metropolitan section of Pittsburgh, PA. Multivariate statistical analyses were used to test the hypotheses in determine significant gender differences. It was found that those male professionals who were intensely engaged fantasy sports respondents and who spent considerable amount of money on fantasy leagues, found fantasy guides, expert opinions, and related information helpful in changing rosters, and were intensive users of mobile technology for personal use were significant and negatively related to the dependent variables, with significant gender differences. Such respondents did not perceive there was a global concern for fantasy gambling activities, although a considerable portion of the sample felt otherwise. Keywords: customer relations management (CRM); empirical; fantasy sports; gender; information technology; market strategy. Optimisation of cutting force using metaheuristics   by Vineet Jain, Tilak Raj Abstract: The significance of this research is to optimize the cutting force in turning by optimizing the cutting parameters like cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut. Cutting force is one of the important characteristic variables to be watch and controlled in the cutting processes to optimize tool life and surface roughness of the work piece. The principal presumption was that the cutting forces increase due to the wearing of the tool. Cutting force is optimized by the metaheuristic i.e. genetic algorithm (GA) and teaching-learning based optimization (TLBO) algorithm. The analysis of the result shows that the optimal combination for low resultant cutting force is low cutting speed, low feed and low depth of cut. This study finds that by adjusting machining parameters tool life can be enhanced because cutting forces increase due to the wearing of the tool. So, cutting forces have been used to maximize the tool life because cutting force increased rapidly as tool life finished. As a result, the production cost can be minimized and be extending the tool usage and subsequently, the machining time is reduced and the tool usage can be extended. Keywords: Optimisation; cutting force; Tool life; metaheuristic; GA; TLBO. TO FIND THE SUITABILITY OF CMS IN INDIAN INDUSTRIES IN COMPARISON OF OTHER MANUFACTURING SYSTEM USING AHP TECHNIQUE.   by Sanjay Kumar, Vasdev Malhotra, Vikas Kumar Abstract: The cellular manufacturing (CM) is a well known manufacturing technology that helps to improve manufacturing flexibility and productivity by maximum utilization of available resources. Cellular Manufacturing (CM) has been derived as a strong tool for increasing production in batches and job shop production. In cellular manufacturing, similar machines are grouped in machine cells and same processing parts are gathered in part families. In this paper factors of CMS are identified through AHP technique. Decisions involve many hypothetical factors that should be traded off. For doing that, they have to be measured along side factual factors whose estimation must also be evaluated as such, how well, they achieves the aim of the decision maker. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a theory of measurement through pairwise comparisons and depends on the decision of experts to find out priority scales. These are the scales that measure hypothetical factors in relative terms. The comparisons are made using a scale of absolute judgments that represents, how much; one element leads another with respect to a given aspect. The judgments may be scattered, and how to measure incoherency and improve the judgements, when possible to obtain better coherency is a concern of the AHP. The derived priority scales are synthesized by multiplying them by the priority of their parent nodes and adding for all such nodes. It has been a fact that the stability of any country depends on the stability of its production area and progress in industrial society has been accompanied by the development of new technologies. The analytic hierarchy process has the strength to build complex, multi-person, multi-attribute and multi-period problems hierarchically. In this paper, a decision-making model is being proposed for CMS evaluation and selection. This strategic decision-making model is based on both hypothetical and factual criteria and uses the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) approach. Keywords: AHP; Analytic hierarchy process; CMS; cellular manufacturing system. A model for operational budgeting by the application of interpretive structural modeling approach: A case of Saipa Investment Group Co.   by Mohsen Vaez-Ghasemi, Mohammad Taleghani, Mohsen Shafieyan Abstract: The operational budgeting system is a managerial system considered by governments at national and local levels for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the resource consumption in organizations. This system bases the budget credit allocation on the performance of organizational units with the aim of generating outputs (products/services), i.e. short-term objectives, and/or achieving long-term goals. Then, executive agencies are led towards transparency in the resource consumption, attempts to achieve their goals and strategies, and more accountability. The present research was aimed to present a model of operational budgeting based on interpretive structural model (ISM) in Saipa Co. So, 46 factors underpinning operational budgeting were identified by literature review, experts were surveyed to derive the most important factors resulting in 14 factors, and an ISM-based structured matrix questionnaire was designed to find out the interrelations of these factors. The data collected by the questionnaire were analyzed by ISM and were mapped out at seven levels in an interactive network in that shareholders and accounting and financial reporting systems were placed at the highest level. The results revealed that the most effective factor in driving power-dependence matrix was annual budget and the five-year development plan so that the operational budgeting of Saipa Investment Co. was dependent on this factor. Keywords: budget; budgeting; operational budgeting; interpretive structural model. Benchmarking in the Hotel Industry: the use of USALI   by Catarina Nunes, Maria Joao Machado Abstract: The specific objectives of this study are the following: to analyse the association between the hotel features and the use of the Uniform System of Accounts for the Lodging Industry (USALI); to analyse whether the use of this system is associated with the price charged by the hotels. Data collection began with a survey addressed to the financial managers of 241 4-star and 5-star hotels located in Portugal. To meet the objectives proposed, information on the price charged by the responding hotels was also collected from the Booking.com online platform. The results obtained allow us to indicate as main contributions the following: evidence of the existence of associations between hotel features and the use of USALI; evidence that the use of USALI influences the price practiced. Keywords: Uniform System of Accounts for the Lodging Industry; USALI; hotel features; hotel price; contingency variables. Brand switching through marketing mix: the role of brand effect on smartphone users   by Salmi Mohd Isa, Lai Kelly, Shaian Kiumarsi Abstract: This study examines the role of marketing mix on brand switching among Malaysian smartphone users. It also investigates the mediating role of brand effect on the relationship between marketing mix (namely product, price, place and promotion), service, and brand switching. It uses a self-administered questionnaire to collect data from 304 participants, and their responses were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Partial Least Squares (Smart-PLS). Evidence from the study reveals that price and promotion have effects on brand switching towards smartphones. It also shows that brand effect partly mediates the connections between product, price and brand switching towards smartphones. Although the Samsung brand remains the market leader in the smartphone industry in Malaysia, empirical research on the nexus between marketing mix and brand switching in Malaysia remains very scanty. Despite some limitations of this study that could affect its generalisability, it enhances marketers understanding of the marketing mix, which should receive adequate attention to attract smartphone users to switch to their brands. It also provides marketers with the knowledge of usage behaviours of Malaysia smartphone users which could be useful for launching new models that suit the preferences of smartphone users. Keywords: Marketing Mix; Brand Effect; Brand Switch; Smartphone. Developing a Commercialization Model for Innovative Products and Processes in a Petroleum Firm   by Parames Chutima, Soranart Ngamcachonkulkid, Somboon Chuaykoblap Abstract: In Thailand, the petroleum industry is a major contributor to the economy as a supplier of crucial petroleum products. However, due to its geographical location, many multinational oil and gas companies have established their operations in the country. For Thai petroleum firms to remain competitive in the industry, effective commercialization strategies of inventions to innovations can bring firms competitive advantages in terms of financial returns, business opportunities for partnerships, and advanced operations. Nonetheless, commercialization of inventions is becoming increasingly difficult due to changes in the market. Firms operating without an explicitly established commercialization process are at a disadvantage. The objective of this research is to develop a formal commercialization model suitable for commercializing product and process inventions in Thailands petroleum industry. The methodology used in this research consists of three stages, i.e. 1) develop a preliminary commercialization model, 2) refine the model, and 3) apply the model to a Thai petroleum firm as a case study. As a result, two commercialization models are developed, namely an industrial commercialization model and a company commercialization model. Keywords: Commercialization Model; Innovative Products; Petroleum Firm. Replenishment policy for deteriorating items with trade credit and allowable shortages under inflationary environment   by S.R. Singh, Shilpy Tayal, Anjali Gaur Abstract: In this paper we have developed an inventory model for deteriorating items in which demand of the product is a function of expiration date. In such cases the demand for the product generally decreases as the product is nearer to its expiration date. The different cases based on the allowed trade credit period have been discussed under inflationary environment. Shortages are allowed and partially backlogged. To exemplify this model numerical examples for all the cases and sensitivity analysis with respect to important parameters have been provided. The convexities graphs and the variation in total cost with the changes in parameters are represented with the help of the graph. The objective of this paper is to find out the optimal ordering quantity by which one can minimize the total associated cost of the system. Keywords: Deterioration; Trade credit period; Inflation; Shortages; Partial Backlogging. What can we learn from Process Maturity Models? - A literature review of models addressing Process Maturity   by Gunnar Dahlin Abstract: The article provides an updated extensive literature review on Process Maturity. On a general level Process Maturity could be defined as the degree to which a process is defined, managed, measured, and continuously improved, where the aim of working with maturity is twofold, either to measure the level of maturity in order to compare with other processes or to identify improvement areas. According to the findings of this study there are areas indicating needs of further research. Firstly, the fundamentals of Process Management seem to be missing when describing the work with Process Maturity, which could affect the quality of maturity models. A second area of further research is related to the absence of approaches and methods for improving Process Maturity, since improving maturity is often addressed as what to do, not how to do. Keywords: maturity; process maturity; processes; maturity model; process management; quality management; total quality management; process improvement; business process management; quality maturity. A study on the performance measures of the non-Markovian model of optional types of service with extended vacation, reneging process and service interruption followed by phases of repair   by S. Maragatha Sundari, N. Murugeswari, P. Manigandan Abstract: In this study a non-Markovian queuing model is considered for our examination. In this queuing framework, clients arriving in batches follow a poisson distribution. All the arriving clients have the alternative of picking any of the N sorts of services rendered. Service time follows general distribution. In addition, the system breaks down at random. Hence the server gets into repair process of two phases Based on the fault, in first phase general repair is carried out. Then in the second phase repair based on the category is followed. Likewise after the system ends up with service ,the server will go for a necessary vacation. In addition, an optional extended vacation is followed. Also an idea of vacation to be a maintenance time in which the support work required for the server will be completed. A concept of reneging is an additional aspect in this model which happens during the time of break down and vacation. This happens due to Impatience of the customers. By the use of birth and death queuing process the conditions overseeing the model is framed. The probability generating queue size and queuing execution measures of the model are derived. The legitimisation of the model is finished by methods for numerical illustration. Also the unmistakable investigation of the graphical portrayal gives a reasonable picture about the procedure completed in versatile communication process. Also it gives significant thoughts for decrease the system break down, reneging and for the advance of the system speedier. Keywords: non-Markovian queue; optional types of service; service interference; optional extended vacation; maintenance work; revamp process of two stages. Determinants of Switching Intention towards Mobile Number Portability   by Anil Kumar Agrawal, Monica Sharma, Praveen Kumar Mehrotra Abstract: India has the second largest telecom network in the world after China with about 1,206 million subscribers. The sharp increase in the teledensity and further decline in the tariffs in telecom sector has contributed significantly in India’s economic growth. Mobile number portability (MNP) was introduced in India in 2011 but was limited to licensed service area (LSA). Countrywide MNP was launched in India in 2015. By March 2017, MNP requests were 23.3% of mobile subscriber base in India. In this paper Indian Telecom sector, MNP progress in India, MNP implementation around the world, benefits of MNP and various studies on MNP have been discussed. Porting fees, porting speed, service quality, price, switching cost, satisfaction have been found the determinants of switching based on different studies carried around the world. Keywords: mobile number portability; MNP; switching intention; Indian telecom sector; mnp benefits; telecom operators; determinants of switching.DOI: 10.1504/IJPMB.2020.10014793  Using AHP and TOPSIS techniques for assessment of multi-skilled workforce in manufacturing industry   by Abdelhamid Zaki, Bahia Benchekroun, Mohammed Benbrahim Abstract: Companies are always looking for optimizing the use of their material resources and human resources. Nowadays, the issue of competency is important and crucial in industry. To perform a given task by two operators having the same qualification, performance achievement varies, which introduces the concept of individual competence level. This article presents an assessment method of multi-skilled workforce. In this paper, we provide a useful model to solve workforce assessment problems. We discuss how to consider the differences and similarities between acquired level and required level. The objective of our method is to present a combination of AHP technique and TOPSIS technique to assess the individual competence level. Keywords: Multi-skilled workforce; activities; assessment; individual competence level; FMEA; AHP; TOPSIS. Analyzing organizational competitiveness through sustainable manufacturing using a hierarchical approach   by Vimal KEK, Sivakumar K. K, R. Jeyapaul Abstract: The paper proposes a framework for evaluating the organisational competitiveness attained through sustainable manufacturing. An assessment model using analytical hierarchal process (AHP) has been adopted for the evaluation of organisational competitiveness. A conceptual model is developed to understand the interrelationship between seven sustainable manufacturing practices and five organisational competitiveness with 14 sustainable manufacturing outputs at the intermediate level. The attainment of six organisational competitiveness is evaluated by computing the global priority scores of practices and outputs of sustainable manufacturing. The linkage matrix developed between the practices and the output of sustainable manufacturing and the output and organisational competitiveness is the significant contribution of this work that can be used by practicing managers/researchers to understand the various interactions and hence, promote the research in the field of sustainable manufacturing. Keywords: organizational competitiveness; sustainable manufacturing practices; sustainable manufacturing output; decision making; linkage matrix.DOI: 10.1504/IJPMB.2020.10015719  Ranking the Performance of Indian Public Sector Bank using Analytic Hierarchy Process and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution   by Shivani Guru, Debendra Mahalik Abstract: Measuring the performance of the bank and determining the key factor relating to its efficiency and effectiveness in gaining popularity in the recent time period. Efficient operation system is crucially important for banks. In such facet ranking of the bank is becoming essential. Ranking will help the bank in improving their performance with respect to self and other. The present paper seeks to measure the performance and propose a method to rank Indian public sector banks by combining some multiple criteria decision making tools like AHP and TOPSIS. To know the degree of relation between the different set of variables correlation test is applied. For the study purposes, all public sector banks are considered. Results interpret an alternative ranking of the banks. Finally, this paper provides better vision to focus on the area of improvement in comparison to others banks. Keywords: Banking; Efficiency; Analytic Hierarchy Process; TOPSIS; Performance ranking. Development of geometry spot weld distribution model to improve efficiency of automotive body shop   by Selvam Ganesan, Prince Arockia Doss S Abstract: In conventional car body process planning, parts and spots of an assembly get evenly distributed in geometry fixtures (or) stations. The remaining spots, over and above the cycle time of the geometry stations are moved to re-spot stations. Global trend of geometry and re-spot fixture distribution indicates that percentages of Geometry fixtures are higher in manual body shops with less than 40% of automation. The percentage of geometry stations varies up to 14% in 100% automated body shops. This trend shows the inappropriate planning of geometry and re-spot stations for manual and automated lines. The main focus area in the conventional planning is to set geometry through balanced distribution of parts and spots. Productivity is often not considered as the top priority. A geometry spot distribution model has been developed to resolve this concern. The proposed model can be used to calculate the appropriate geometry and re-spot stations required for a lean body shop. Improvement in quality establishment and productivity of the body shop are discussed in this paper with case studies. The developed methodology for appropriate spot weld distribution among the welding stations for body shop is simple to use for the product and process designers during any new product development phase. This can also be used for optimization of any existing cells of body shops. Keywords: Productivity; Geometry Station; Re- Spot Station; Body Shop; Weld Shop; Body-In-White (BIW); Floor space reduction; Process planning.DOI: 10.1504/IJPMB.2018.10020873  THE USE OF BENCHMARKING TOOL TO IMRPOVE EFFICIENCY OF COMPANY'S INNOVATION ACTIVITIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITAL ECONOMY   by Leyla Gamidullaeva, Alexey Finogeev, Sergey Vasin, Vardan Mkrttchian, Artiom Berezin Abstract: Today there is a necessity of developing a unique market behaviour strategy using own competitive advantages to reach the highest scores of real competitive ability of a sector. The driving force of the competition law requires companies to have thorough strategies to improve the quality of produced goods, to decrease production costs and to increase labour efficiency. In this context the use of benchmarking tools to improve innovation efficiency at companies is an important task. The present work considers decision-making models and methods regarding company's competitiveness management in terms of benchmarking. The model of competitive interaction introduced in the article in the form of a system of coupled Van-der-Pol equations with time lag was successfully tested in radio physics and now is successfully applied in economics. The article demonstrates the application of the given system to describe benchmarking of different economic companies. Keywords: benchmarking; digital economy; Big data; enterprise management system; systems of decision-making support; innovation activity; system of Van der Pol equations with time lag; mathematics.DOI: 10.1504/IJPMB.2020.10016986  Effect of Perceived Support on Employees Voice Behavior Through the Work Engagement: A Moderator Role of Locus of Control   by Alhamzah Alnoor, Hasan Abdullah, Man Ismail, Esraa Yaqoub Abstract: This study primarily aimed to identify the direct effect of perceived support on the employees' voice behaviour in the workplace. It examined knowledge interactive impact of locus of control on the perceived support of work engagement. Accordingly, this study was built on literature of voice behaviour and as such, it employed a survey methodology. The study focused on a government sector firm, specifically Basra Electricity Production. The data collection tool used is the questionnaire and it was distributed to 333 employees in the firm. The collected data was analysed using AMOS version 22. Based on the results, work engagement fully mediates the relationship between perceived support and employee voice behaviour, while external locus of control moderated the relationship between perceived support and work engagement. Suggestions were provided for several avenues for future studies. Keywords: Perceived support; work engagement; employee voice behavior and locus of control. How to increase organizational learning and knowledge sharing through human resource management processes?   by Reza Salehzadeh, Morteza Seddighi, Ehsan Ebrahimi Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine how human resource management (HRM) processes and knowledge sharing affect organisational learning within the context of steel industry. Drawing from the literature on HRM, this study hypothesises and tests the relationship between HRM processes, knowledge sharing and organisational learning. The authors used survey research to collect the data. The PLS path modelling approach was used to analyse the data and the conceptual model. The empirical results from the structural model suggest that three out of five HRM processes (i.e., training, job design and job quality) influenced knowledge sharing. Furthermore, knowledge sharing was a direct antecedent of organisational learning. Keywords: Human resource management processes; knowledge sharing; organizational learning; structural equation modeling; steel industry.DOI: 10.1504/IJPMB.2020.10018899  Enhancing the performance parameters of flexible manufacturing system using decision-making techniques   by Anupma Yadav, Suresh C. Jayswal Abstract: Due to varying requirements of customers, it became difficult for manufacturing firms to sustain their position in the market. Because of this, firms are finding and implementing new technologies in existing system and flexible manufacturing system (FMS) is one of the solutions for this problem. FMS is an automatic manufacturing system, capable of producing a wide variety of products with good quality. However, the cost of implementing FMS is high. So, decisions related with various parameters in implementing and managing the system, is one of the crucial steps in FMS. In present work, emphasis is done on developing a methodology that can make an appropriate decision of selecting best experiment level, by using simple calculations that can save money and time. For doing so, a relative study of decision-making approaches that combines Shannon entropy and weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS) method is performed for solving the selection problem of operating conditions. Criteria's weight is calculated first by Shannon entropy method. Later, alternatives were ranked by using calculated weights in WASPAS method. Based on obtained ranking, management could take verdicts for refining the performance parameters of the system. Keywords: Selection; factor-level; shannon entropy method; weighted aggregated sum product assessment; flexible manufacturing system.DOI: 10.1504/IJPMB.2020.10018900  Classification of Indian Tea Supply Chain - in Context of Assam   by Tripti Paul, Sandeep Mondal Abstract: There exists insufficient literature on classification and taxonomy of Indian tea supply chain (TSC), so the basic objectives of this study are to identify the existing TSCs and classify them accordingly. The paper is based on a three-year detailed field study on TSC in Assam which encompasses tea-estates, small tea gardens (STGs), bought leaf factories (BLFs), research institute, auction centres, branding companies, tea distributors, and retailers. The paper presented an incorporated structure that includes all the stakeholders with their roles in tea value chain. This has not been reported in previous research. The study also develops an integrated tea supply chain framework and apart from this, classifies the tea supply chain in context of Assam, India. The present study will help further research to optimise business operations and maximising the profit of the Indian tea industry. Keywords: Tea Industry; Tea Research Center; Tea Estate; Small Tea Garden; Plucking; Tea Factory; Bought Leaf Factory; Tea Auction Centre; Tea Branding Company; Value Chain; Supply Chain Framework.DOI: 10.1504/IJPMB.2020.10018901  Using queuing models to set the right parking price   by Baruch Keren, Yossi Hadad Abstract: This paper applies queuing models (M/G/N/N) to determine the right price for parking, given that the arrival rate and the staying time depend on the parking price. The models explore the payment per hour and the entrance fee models, with one or several customer types, and where each customer type faces different prices (price discrimination). The models are also applicable for cases where the objective function is to set the park occupancy rate at a desired level. The analysis of the numerical examples demonstrates the applicability of the models and provides some interesting insights about the setting of the correct parking price under the appropriate pricing scheme. The conclusion is that one of the most important tools for process management and benchmarking of a car park is the parking pricing. Keywords: parking pricing; queuing models; M/G/N/N; parking occupancy; revenue; benchmarking.DOI: 10.1504/IJPMB.2020.10019034  Engaging leadership, engaging environment, engaging job, and engagement   by Hasan Hosseini, Maryam Firouznia, Sayyed Mohsen Allameh Abstract: The arrival of new workforce generation would necessitate a leadership type transcending traditional boundaries. Organisations must strive to develop a supportive work climate which inspires, strengthens and connects employees to perform their tasks vigorously. This paper primarily seeks to investigate the relationship between engaging leadership and work engagement. With reference to empirical studies and existing research on leadership and work engagement, a positive association between engaging leadership and work engagement mediated by engaging job and engaging environment is confirmed. More importantly, this study deals with the paucity of the structured literature regarding work engagement determinants, and offers a holistic model providing a logical ground for identifying empirical indicators and hypotheses to verify the theory. Apart from extending engaging leadership dimensions, certain paradigms are proposed for jobs and work environment to facilitate work engagement. Keywords: Work Engagement; Engaging Leadership; Engaging Environment; Job Meaningfulness; Job Resources.DOI: 10.1504/IJPMB.2020.10019257  Holistic Approach of Optimizing Cross-Docking In Supply Chain   by Jyoti Mishra Abstract: An initiative took in 1930s by the US trucking industries, cross-docking. The aim behind the initiative was to have lower inventory levels and optimised lead times by having an unbroken flow of product/material from the supplier to the end-customer. In order to have the seamless flow one must ensure that the operations are synchronising. Hence the optimisation of the overall supply chain to be more efficient in terms of lead time and cost, requires an interconnected and explicable connection of all the factors that has to be taken into consideration. The study conducted takes a real time model as an example and illustrates how cross-docking can be managed more holistically to synchronise cross-docking operations at the distribution centre with its inbound and outbound network logistics. Keywords: Cross-Docking; lower inventory; lead time; inbound; outbound; operations; synchronize; optimization; efficient; holistically; distribution centre; logistics; management; supply chain.DOI: 10.1504/IJPMB.2020.10019284  Linking Social Disruption and Firm Performance   by Satyendra Kumar Sharma, Saurabh Chadha, Himanshu Seth Abstract: Traditionally the companies were focused on cost reduction by compromising its payoffs to maximise the entire supply chain's profit and its sustainability. Nevertheless, a new concept of socially responsible supply chains can overcome the limitations of traditional model and enhance the company's performance in consideration to triple bottom line approach. Most of the studies done empirically investigates and provide a conceptualised framework on supply chain sustainability but a dearth of studies impacting the socially responsible supply chain effect on the performance of firm, financially as well as socially creates a need of more research in this area. This study focused on four different events of social issues that hampered the company's performance in terms of share prices, revenues, profits and overall image in the eyes of stakeholders. The study includes qualitative as well as quantitative analysis to know the impact of social issues on supply chains leading to disruptions. Keywords: Supply Chain Management; Sustainability; Event Study; Firm Performance; Social issues.DOI: 10.1504/IJPMB.2020.10021015  A Vendor Recommendation Model using Neural Networks   by Satyendra Kumar Sharma, Sajeev Abraham George Abstract: Suppliers today are considered as a logical extension to a firm that provide critical inputs to its processes. Supplier performance evaluation is vital for any firm to carry out supplier selection and to practice effective supply chain management. Further, the supplier performance measurement system should continuously evolve in a company as a process for improving the capabilities, execution effectiveness and efficiency. Though the supplier performance systems have been well investigated in the literature, only very few studies have proposed an order-based supplier selection approach that takes into account the changing priorities of the customer. The research tries to address this gap by attempting to establish a dynamic linkage between customer order priorities and supplier characteristics. A neural network model for the order driven vendor recommendation system that ranks the suppliers as per the requirements of the order has been proposed. Keywords: Vendor Selection; Neural Network; Case Application.DOI: 10.1504/IJPMB.2020.10021019  Machinability model and multi-response optimization of process parameters through regression and utility concept   by Ashok Kumar Sahoo, Amlana Panda, Bijaya Bijeta Nayak, Ramanuj Kumar, Rabin Kumar Das, Ramesh Kumar Nayak Abstract: Over the years, it is essential to produce appropriate dimensional with quality parts for the use in various automotive components. This paper presents modelling and multi-optimisation exploration on the hard part turning of EN 24 grade steel at 48 HRC with coated carbide multilayer inserts for three roughness factors (Ra, Rz, and Rt). Taguchi L16 orthogonal design with three input parameters and three quality characteristics output was applied to suitably model the process requirements. The second model provides a high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.98 for Ra, 0.97 for Rz and 0.95 for Rt respectively) compared with the linear model that demonstrates high significance. The ideal parametric setting for different multiple quality features was found to be the depth of cut (0.4 mm), feed rate (0.04 mm/rev) and cutting speed (200 m/min) respectively. The multi-responses optimisation has been simultaneously performed using Taguchi method and the utility concept. Keywords: Hard turning; multilayer coated carbide; surface roughness; regression; utility concept.DOI: 10.1504/IJPMB.2020.10021147  Application of Artificial Neural Network Techniques in Computer Aided Process planning- A review   by Natarajan Krishnan, Gokulachandran J Abstract: Computer aided process planning (CAPP) bridges the gap between computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing. CAPP research includes neural network approaches, knowledge-based techniques, Petri nets, agent- based, fuzzy set theory, genetic algorithm, standard for the exchange of product model data (STEP)-Compliant CAPP and internet-based techniques. This study mainly focuses on the application of the artificial neural network (ANN) techniques in CAPP because of their learning ability and huge potential toward dynamic planning. The role of an artificial neural network in feature recognition, machine selection, operation and machine tool selection are emphasised in detail in this survey paper. Keywords: CAPP; Artificial Neural Networks; ArtificialIntelligence; VariousApproaches; Manufacturing.DOI: 10.1504/IJPMB.2020.10021148  On the benchmarking of port performance. A cosine similarity approach   by Iñigo L. Ansorena Abstract: The measurement of port performance is not a simple task since there are many variables involved in port operations. Some industry standards are based on key performance indicators, which are the basis to provide management information for planning and control. We propose the use of cosine similarity to gain a better understanding of performance indicators. The concept of cosine similarity is particularly interesting when searching for similarities in big datasets. The name derives from the term direction cosine, i.e., two vectors are maximally similar if they are parallel (maximum value of cosine), and maximally dissimilar if they are perpendicular (90 Keywords: benchmarking; port performance; past performance; data visualization; cosine similarity; similarity search; big dataset; containerships; measuring; weighted edges; graph theory; complex network.DOI: 10.1504/IJPMB.2020.10021149