International Journal of Procurement Management (83 papers in press)

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• Open Access

  Differentiating between direct and indirect procurement: roles, skills, and Industry 4.0 ( Free Full-text Access )

  by Vincent Delke, Holger Schiele, Wolfgang Buchholz 
  Abstract: The distinction between direct and indirect material procurement is widely understood in practice but only faintly described in research. To manage both, specific purchasing strategies, processes, tools, and skills are needed. With the increasing attention to purchasing competencies and the influence of digitalisation within the purchasing field, this research sheds light on the management of both commodity types, focusing on the difference in skills needed. This research takes an explorative approach by using a world café study with 81 procurement professionals to assess future purchasing skills. Results show that the responsibility for innovation buying is expected to increase for direct purchasers, a wave of internationalisation and the associated need for cultural, communication and flexibility and agility skills is expected for indirect purchasers. This research contributes by structuring previously unstructured phenomena within the human-centric profession by addressing specific purchasing roles and changing skill requirements within the field's current digital transformation.
  Keywords: professional roles; skills; indirect and direct material; purchasing and supply management; Industry 4.0; direct and indirect spend; non-production-related costs; indirect expenditure; indirect purchasing; indirect procurement.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10050671
   
  
• STRATEGIC SOURCING AND PERFORMANCE OF MILK PROCESSORS IN KENYA  
  by Hellen Ndung'u, Purity Mwirigi, Kiende Gatimbu 
  Abstract: The dairy sector aids the global economy in terms of food security and contribution to the GDP. In Kenya dairy contributes 4% of GDP. Kenya has been the largest dairy producer in Sub-Saharan Africa but recently has been facing a continuous decline in milk processing. Milk processors in Kenya receive only 12% of the marketed milk. The imported processing capacities end up underutilised by over 54% annually. Milk processors in Kenya have shut down while others get acquired due to poor performance. Therefore, the study investigated the influence of strategic sourcing on organisational performance of milk processors in Kenya. Primary data was collected using questionnaires. An ordered logistic regression model was used in econometric analysis. The study concluded that effective supplier relationships and technology use positively increase the likelihood of improvement in sales and capacity utilisation of milk processors in Kenya. This will translate into improved firm performance.
  Keywords: gross domestic product; GDP; food agricultural organisation; FAO; Kenya Association of Manufacturers; KAM; Kenya Dairy Board; KDB; supply chain management; SCM.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10041010
   
  
• Designing Logistics Routes to Secure Goods Delivery in Construction Projects: Cases in Indonesia Cement Projects  
  by Effnu Subiyanto, Somayeh Asadi, Hesty Prima Rini, Annisa Farahmei Effnandya 
  Abstract: This paper has purposed to explore how to design the best techniques and methods in planning an efficient route of goods delivery required to support cement projects in Indonesia. Several methods of multidisciplinary mix-study have been explored such as content analysis, focus group discussion, expert judgment, and analytical hierarchy process to clarify findings. The methods had been developed to elaborate on eight cement construction projects during the period 2010 to 2018. The results show that various locations have required different options as Indonesia's geography is the Archipelagos State. The best-chosen routes as well as the most efficient in terms of costs are by using the Asia-Europe and Intra-Asia route for international logistics. However, this research also recommends developing an alternative domestic route as the serious level concerns found of it. This research appropriates to be applied in the cement projects, but it can be adopted to other projects with several adjustments.
  Keywords: logistics; construction project; cement project; route; transportation strategy; procurement; Indonesia.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10041089
   
  
• Accommodation selection criteria used by short term rental clients: an empirical approach to the Portuguese case  
  by Maria Joao C. V. Machado, Mafalda Patuleia, João Estêvão, Álvaro Dias 
  Abstract: This study has two specific objectives: to typify the customers of short term accommodation rental; to analyse the association between the characteristics of these customers and their criteria when selecting the accommodation. Data were collected through an online questionnaire, addressed to short term rental users living in Portugal. A number of 1,000 valid answers were obtained. Results allow the identification of new characteristics of this type of customers, namely: the perception of their role in tourism destinations as tourists or rather as neighbours; the importance attributed to short term accommodation rental, in comparison to hotel accommodation; the frequency with which short-term accommodation customers travel. As a main contribution, this study identifies the most relevant accommodation selection criteria for each customers characteristic. This knowledge may allow short term rental managers to adapt the characteristics of their accommodation units namely in terms of price, pets allowance, equipment and decoration, to the characteristics of the customers considered as the target segment of the business, thus enhancing customer attraction and retention.
  Keywords: accommodation selection; short term rental; guest characteristics; Portugal.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10041488
   
  
• The role of users in a continuous development ERP strategy: An analysis on the impact of end-users in the creation of an ERP continuous development strategy  
  by Rui Gonçalves, Diogo Rocha, Renato Lopes Da Costa, Leandro Ferreira Pereira, Álvaro Dias, Natália Teixeira 
  Abstract: The ERP projects are one of the best strategies to increase efficiency in organisations, however companies can face big deviations regarding budget and time. To enhance the likelihood for a successful implementation, organisations must establish a long-term continuous development plan that creates a technological environment that prioritises users as positive agents of change. Pre-implementation and implementation phases gather key stakeholders and system experts while the post-implementation phase is traditionally neglected in an ERP project framework which leads to inefficient long-term strategies. System users are key pieces when defining an ERP long-term strategic plan. This research was focused on understanding the role that end-users play in the continuous development of an ERP project. The study concluded that an appropriate technological environment would lead to more participative and involved user and the ability to understand the special impact of end-users will enhance the chances for a better implemented and less costly system.
  Keywords: ERP; continuous development; enterprise resource planning; role; strategy; users.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10041848
   
  
• Uncertainties within an emerging business ecosystem in the context of a circular economy  
  by Evgeniya Tsytsyna, Katrina Lintukangas, Veli Matti Virolainen 
  Abstract: This article examines uncertainties in an emerging business ecosystem in the context of a circular economy (CE). The research was conducted as a single case-study of a business ecosystem in Finland, with thirteen actors that developed CE material for the construction industry. We used transaction cost economics (TCE) as an approach to understand how the ecosystem is created, what uncertainties it faces, and what motivates companies to join it. The results of the study indicate a high level of uncertainty in the emerging phase due to unestablished communication and controversy among partners’ targets. Thus, an effective early communication coordinated by a central actor is a key. Moreover, our findings reveal that the business ecosystem as a hybrid mode of contractual relationships in the context of a CE is recognised as a potential for risk mitigation and the creation of a safe environment for innovations and a closed-loop supply chain.
  Keywords: business ecosystem; emerging business ecosystem; circular economy; transaction cost economics; TCE; uncertainties; motivation; closed-loop supply chain.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10041948
   
  
• Determination of optimal price and quantity in a socially responsible two-echelon two-channel supply chain model  
  by Santanu K. Ghosh, Chandan Pathak, Saswati Mukherjee, Sudhansu Khanra 
  Abstract: The present paper analyses a dual channel model for two-echelon supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer for a single product. The retailer used traditional retail channel whereas the manufacturer used e-tail channel as well as retail channel to boost the sale of products. The manufacturer exhibits corporate social responsibility beside online channel. The model is developed considering stochastic demand to optimise the sales price and stock level for both e-tail and retail channels to determine the total profit.
  Keywords: corporate social responsibility; CSR; CSR; two-echelon supply chain; stochastic and price-dependent demand; retail and e-tail channel; shortage.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10042626
   
  
• Exploring the Relationship between Humor in the Workplace and Organizational Health An Empirical Study: Isfahan Steel Company  
  by Amir Khodadadi, Hadi Teimouri, Maryam Dezhtaherian 
  Abstract: One of the effective components of organisational health is cheerful spirit and positive emotional relationship that is emerged as confidence, trust, empathy, and friendship among the employees. As humour in the workplace is one type of humorous relationship that is led to such relationships and decreases inter-organisational conflicts and enhances job motivation, it is important to explore its relationship with organisational health. This study aims to explore the relationship between humour in the workplace and organisational health. It is applicable from the objective aspect and descriptive field from the methodological aspect. The hypotheses were analysed using a correlational method in a specific time interval. The statistical population included employees of Isfahan Steel Company. Simple random sampling was employed and the research sample was determined to equal to 250 persons according to Morgan’s table. The results indicate that there is an acceptable level of relationship between humour in the workplace and organisational health. Among the dimensions of humour, affiliative humour and aggressive humour have the highest relationship with organisational health, respectively.
  Keywords: humour in the workplace; affiliative humour; aggressive humour; organisational health.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10042902
   
  
• Analysis of Multiple Structural Relationships among Employer Brand, Proposition Value and Intention to leave the organization  
  by Ali Ostad Hashemi , Fateme Nouri, Negin Gholami, Mansoureh Hourali 
  Abstract: This study aims to analyse the multiple structural relationships among employer brand, value proposition and intention to leave by considering the mediating role of psychological contracts of employees of all branches of Iranian bank. In terms of nature and method, this research is descriptive-correlational and is a survey research in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this study consisted of 200 employees of Iranian bank. In this study, a standard questionnaire was used to compile and collect the required data. In order to assess the reliability; Cronbach’s alpha was used. The value of Cronbach’s alpha obtained in the questionnaire for all variables is higher than 70%, and the obtained values indicated that the measurement tool has good validity and reliability; received data were analysed with Smart PLS and SPSS software. The result of data analysis showed that the psychological contract between the employer brand and the employee value proposition with the intention of leaving the service in the all branches of Iranian bank, are positively mediated; In particular, the results show that the employer brand and the value proposition of employees have a weak but significant effect on the realisation of the intention to leave.
  Keywords: employer brand; employee value proposition; intention to leave; psychological contract; Iranian bank.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10046480
   
  
• Factors Affecting the Time Overrun of Road Construction Projects in Ethiopia  
  by Hamed M. S. Ahmed, MITKU ASSEFA, ELDANA KASSA 
  Abstract: This research was carried out to analyse the factors that affect the time overrun of cobblestone paving and canal projects in the South Wollo Zone and Dessie City Administration. The study employed both descriptive and explanatory research design methods. A sample size of 392 respondents was selected from the total target population of 620 clients and contractors. To select the sample the researchers used a stratified sampling technique. To achieve the objectives of the study structural equation model was used to determine the relationship between the independent and dependent variables using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS V.25 and AMOS26). The study found out that labour, material, equipment, finance, design, and project management related factors had a positive and significant effect on the time overrun of the project. Whereas, external environment-related factors found were insignificant for time overrun. The study recommended committing enough time for feasibility study and use resources efficiently and effectively.
  Keywords: time variance; structural equation modelling; SEM; road project; South Wollo Zone; Ethiopia.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10043559
   
  
• Designing an Innovative Model of Education Management Using Fuzzy Technique  
  by Mohammad Alipour Fathkoohi, Mohammad Hassan Behzadi, Hamid Raasouli, Ahmad Shahvarani Semnani 
  Abstract: In this paper, we introduce the factors that can improve mathematical learning. The research methodology, which was done in the period of one year from February 2019 to November 2020, is mixed or combined. In this research, with the help of 13 experts in teaching, learning, and math teaching, using the Delphi method, 17 factors affecting math learning in 3 Delphi repetitions were included. Content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) also confirm the validity. Then, using the comprehensive fuzzy interpretive structural modelling method, the factors are modelled at seven levels. The data of this method were collected using a researcher-made paired comparison questionnaire in which the incompatibility rate was 0.0024. At the highest level of this levelling, decision-making skills, the ability to understand a variety of knowledge and improve the speed of learning are observed.
  Keywords: learning; teaching; comprehensive fuzzy interpretive structural modelling; learning quality.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10043880
   
  
• Best HRM Practices: Evidence from Private Sector  
  by Omar Jaber Aburumman, KHATIJAH OMAR, Jusuf Irianto 
  Abstract: The literature has proposed many different practices without consensus on which one of them or a set of them constitutes the best HRM practice. The purpose of this paper is to develop a model that includes best HRM practices by examining all practices which have been developed in the literature. The focus group interview was performed with nine managers of HR department in the Jordanian private sector. The results indicated that career opportunities, compensation, HR planning, performance appraisal, promotion, recruitment and selection, training, and development are the best HRM practices. There are three implications for practice are: 1) obtain talented employees in order to achieve the organisation’s objectives by practices of HR planning, recruitment, and selection; 2) meet the requirements and needs of employees and motivating desired behaviour by the practice of compensation; 3) ensure the progress of employees by practices of career opportunities, performance appraisal, promotion, training.
  Keywords: best HRM practices; focus group interview; social exchange theory; private sector.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10043974
   
  
• Sustainable procurement in Ghana: A systematic literature review and future research agenda  
  by Foster A. Opoku-Mensah, Theophilus Maloreh-Nyamekye, Albert Ahenkan, Benjamin Awuah 
  Abstract: The focus of the study was to set an agenda for sustainable procurement (SP) research. Adopting a systematic literature review approach, data was collected from articles published in internet-based journals. Without restricting evidence to a particular sector, 25 articles were collected from a period spanning 2007 to 2020, analysed descriptively, and presented results in descriptive and thematic form. The findings indicated SP research in Ghana has been silent until 2013. Studies are concentrated in the mining and construction industries. The practice of SP was reported to be low with differing practices from sector to sector but with prospects and opportunities for promotion. 20 factors and challenges were identified. The recent surge in the research revealed by the results calls for studies into several issues like comparing the effects of decentralised and centralised purchasing agreements on SP adoption using different approaches, levels of analysis, contexts, conceptual and methodological approaches.
  Keywords: gap; Ghana; literature; procurement; systematic; review; SLR; sustainability; sustainable procurement.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10043975
   
  
• An evaluation model for measuring the impact of omnichannel information processing on digital shopping decision  
  by Jugal Kishor, Saket Kumar Bhardwaj, Swati Sharma 
  Abstract: Recently, the term omnichannel has been associated with some consumers due to their information processing tendency through physical as well as digital channels. This multichannel viewpoint of consumers tends to offer a seamless digital shopping experience. Consequently, the central objective of this paper is to diagnose the contribution of omnichannel information processing in digital shopping decisions. Elaboration likelihood model (ELM) is employed as a theoretical framework to design the research paper and to understand important contributors of omnichannel behaviour to affect digital shopping decisions. A survey was conducted to organise data from 423 respondents. The proposed hypotheses were analysed using PLS-path modelling and PLS-MGA. The findings supported that omnichannel tendency positively affect digital shopping decision through the central route as well as the peripheral route of information processing. This work offers omnichannel behaviour as a consumer characteristic in information search and analysis. Furthermore, this assignment provided a platform to integrate traditional theories with new concepts.
  Keywords: omnichannel; emotion; digital shopping decision; central cues; peripheral cues; information search.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10043988
   
  
• Suppliers’ collusion in public procurement: ex-ante determinants in zero initial contract price decrease auctions (the case of Russian healthcare)  
  by Evgenii V. Gilenko, Andrew Ivanov, Anastasia A. Golubeva, Olga N. Bezhenar 
  Abstract: In public procurement, awareness of the public buyer of the potential collusive behaviour of suppliers at auctions may help mitigate the risks of only a slight decrease of the initial contract price (ICP). In this research, we focus on a special case of zero ICP decrease auctions (due to suppliers’ collusion) to identify the factors that significantly increase the probability of occurrence of such cases. A unique cross-sectional dataset on more than 42,000 electronic reverse (price) auctions conducted over 2014
  Keywords: suppliers’ collusion; second-price auctions; public procurement; healthcare; rare event binary logistic regressions.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10043990
   
  
• Leftover Materials and Circular Economy 4.0: Applications and Implications  
  by Yudi Fernando, Joel Marianus 
  Abstract: The manufacturing sector continues to expand and appears to be more focused on environmental-based production. There is a need to understand how the manufacturing firms capable of utilising Industry 4.0 technology to improve remanufacturing process efficiency and procurement planning such as leftover materials, return products and scraps. This paper aims to propose the effectiveness of remanufacturing process, which turns waste into value-added products using the circular economy 4.0 approach. Data were collected during the Malaysian restriction of movement order of the COVID-19 pandemic using an online interview with key persons in charge of remanufacturing. The finding shows the circular economy 4.0 fits well to achieve the effectiveness of remanufacturing processes and less labour physical contacts. The proposed framework can help manufacturers empower business sustainability in production and supply chains, leading to firm competitiveness.
  Keywords: circular economy; remanufacturing; supply chain; Industry 4.0; COVID-19; value-added product; sustainability.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10043991
   
  
• ETHICAL PROCUREMENT IN GHANA’S PUBLIC SECTOR: IMPLEMENTATION AND CHALLENGES IN THE BOLGATANGA MUNICIPALITY.  
  by Oswald Atiga, Bright Tanzubil Junior 
  Abstract: This study assessed the extent of the implementation of procurement ethics among public entities in the Upper East Region (UER) of Ghana. A descriptive research design was applied. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used to select 268 respondents composed of senior managers, heads of departments, section heads and procurement officers of the selected public entities across the region. The quantitative data was collected through an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data was keyed into CSPro 7.4, transferred to version 28 of SPSS and analysed. A chi-square was applied to test the relationship among the elements of procurement ethics in selected public entities in the region. The study established that law enforcement and health sector public entities ranked highest in the implementation of ethical procurement practices whiles those in the educational sector ranked lowest. The study found a significant association between procurement ethical factors such as accountability and transparency, conformity to laws and ethical standards, conflict of interest, confidentiality and impartiality and fairness. No association was found for honesty and integrity, avoidance of appearance of impropriety, due diligence and professionalism as confirmed from their respective p-values.
  Keywords: procurement ethics; procurement practice; public procurement; procurement entities; public sector; Bolgatanga Municipality; Upper East Region; UER; Ghana.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10043992
   
  
• THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON RETAIL INDUSTRY: AN EMPRICAL STUDY  
  by Khaled Theep, AHMAD MOH'D MANSOUR, Amgad S.D. Khaled, Asif Ali Syed, Abdulmalek M. M. Saeed 
  Abstract: In recent decades, rapid advances in internet technology have led to numerous innovative smart technologies. This research investigates the employee and customer acceptance of and resistance to smart technologies in the retail sector, by integrating the literature on technology acceptance model, system characteristics, technology readiness, and store reputation. The data was collected from different retail stores in Jordan. The results show that technological readiness, perceived usefulness, adaptability were impacting the performance of the retail stores. The readiness of the technology does influence employee and consumer behaviour. Retail stores should have the resources needed to minimise frustration and uncertainty. Consumers see reputable stores as more trustworthy and therefore show favourable attitudes to SRT.
  Keywords: retail; Jordan; technology readiness; ease of use; adaptability; adaptiveness.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10043996
   
  
• Optimization Models for the Procurement through Reverse Combinatorial Auctions in the Logistics and Food Industries  
  by Chefi Triki, Jamila Akil, Huda Al-Asmakh 
  Abstract: Procurement managers in the different industries rely nowadays on the Reverse Combinatorial Auctions (RCAs) as a trading mechanism that have shown to be very efficient in allocating resources in several applications. RCAs allow the bidders to optimally express their economies of scope, since they can formulate their bids as a bundle of items, rather than on single item. Each bundle should be then either accepted or rejected all together without splitting. Here, we review and discuss the underlying mathematical optimisation models that represent the basis of the decision support system and discuss the possible benefits of using such paradigms for the different actors involved in the auctioning process. In addition, the paper highlights the advantages of employing RCAs in two major application fields, namely the logistics and food industries, in which this advanced trading paradigm had remarkable success by allowing the bidders to exploit better the synergies among the auctioned items and concede the auctioneers to minimise their procurement costs.
  Keywords: combinatorial auctions; bid generation; winner determination; logistics procurement; food industry; optimisation models.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10044077
   
  
• Effect of Time Value of Money in Production Inventory models for Deteriorative items with Price-Exponential Demand in third order equation  
  by Choudri V., Senthilkumar C. 
  Abstract: A production inventory models for deteriorative items with price-dependent demand joint with exponential time dependent demand is considered in this research. The demand models found in the literature include constant, linear quadratic, exponential, price dependent and stock dependent among others. To witness, no study exists that uses price-dependent demand joint with exponential time dependent demand for deteriorating items. Two models are developed: The first model uses price-dependent demand joint with exponential time dependent demand and in the second model uses effect of time value of money in model 1. Mathematical models are delineated for each model and relevant examples are provided to elucidate the proposed procedure. The objective herein is to obtain optimum order quantities and order intervals with respect to overall maximise profit. Sensitivity analysis is provided for each of the two models. The necessary data was generated using Visual Basic 6.0.
  Keywords: inventory; deterioration; production; TVM; PDD; optimality; total profit; sensitivity analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10044331
   
  
• Application of e-auction based on Procurement 4.0 strategies in a global company of the power systems sector in Brazil  
  by Ugo Ibusuki, Ailton Conde Jussani, Renan Degaspari De Araújo, Rafaela De Paula Koto 
  Abstract: Industry 4.0 has been a hot topic in several markets and its innovations are proving to be paramount for the strategic position of the companies in the market. The objective of this study is to explore the changes carried out by the 4th industrial revolution in the supply chain area, mainly in the procurement department. To develop this issue, a qualitative and exploratory research based on bibliographical references was investigated and a case-study analysis was applied based on e-auction tools in order to collect data and identify improvements for the next level of Procurement 4.0 strategies. It shows the possibility to provide horizontal system integration to the supply chain, collecting price data to perform big data and analytics to achieve better performance on bidding results and autonomously perform challenging targets on real-time.
  Keywords: Industry 4.0; Supply Chain 4.0; Procurement 4.0; purchasing chessboard.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10044946
   
  
• One way or another: The relationship between trust and transparency in buyer-supplier relationships  
  by Wolfgang Buchholz, Felix Jeschke, Antonia Kappel 
  Abstract: Based on a variety of environmental, technological, and product-orientated changes, there has been a shift towards increased global collaboration between buyers and sup-pliers. This paper examines the mutual influence of trust and transparency at different developmental stages of these collaborative relations. In particular, it investigates a correlation of trust and transparency. An extensive literature review is here combined with an exploratory-qualitative World Caf
  Keywords: trust; transparency; buyer-supplier relation; knowledge-sharing; World café.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10044991
   
  
• Exploring the Major Causes of PPP Project Failures-A survey  
  by Adnan Saif Salim AlSaaidi, Abdullahi Ahmed Umar, Luisito Borlongan Layon, Atef Badr 
  Abstract: Over the last decade, there has been a growing incidence of public-private partnerships (PPPs) project failures leading to a wave of
  Keywords: PPP failures; infrastructure regulation; skills; public sector; private sector.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10044992
   
  
• No-capability defence acquisition: A literature review on policy and practice of military acquisition within NATO and the EU  
  by Alexandre Verlaine  
  Abstract: Most research in Defence centres on big NATO nations, while much less focus has been given to smaller NATO nations. The paper explores this issue. First, the author redefines the term
  Keywords: defence acquisition; small NATO nations; no-capability NATO nations.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10045018
   
  
• Conceptual Framework for Sustainable Procurement of Construction Works  
  by Yunita Messah, Muhamad Abduh, Reini Wirahadikusumah 
  Abstract: The development of a sustainable procurement framework for construction work is needed to assist the organisation in implementing sustainable procurement. In formulating a sustainable construction procurement framework, it is necessary to build a conceptual framework for sustainable procurement. The conceptual framework is a conceptual structure containing important interrelated elements in providing a comprehensive understanding of sustainable procurement. The methodology used in formulating the conceptual framework is based on a theory with a qualitative approach that aims to describe and explain the pattern of relationships between elements with the concept of sustainable procurement. The results of the qualitative analysis show that ISO 20400 in 2017 has included elements of sustainable procurement in construction projects. So that ISO 20400 can be used as a reference in developing a sustainable procurement framework for construction work. Develop a sustainable procurement framework for construction work based on a thorough understanding and application of the four dimensions of sustainable procurement.
  Keywords: conceptual framework; sustainable principles; sustainability; construction procurement; sustainable procurement.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10045020
   
  
• Multi-Objective Optimization Model of Supplier Selection and Order Allocation Problem in A Hospital: A Case Study  
  by Cucuk Nur Rosyidi, Ryan Adesta Yudhatama, Pringgo Widyo Laksono 
  Abstract: This study aims to determine a set of suppliers using sustainability criteria and the optimal order allocation to the selected suppliers at a University Hospital in Central Java, Indonesia. In this research, we propose the combination of two multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approaches to determine the best supplier, namely, best-worst method (BWM) and the measurement alternatives and ranking according to compromise solution (MARCOS). Multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming (MOMILP) is then used to determine the optimal quantity of drug orders. A sensitivity analysis studies the model’s sensitivity to some parameters. The results show that the model is sensitive to the changes in purchasing price and defect rate.
  Keywords: supplier selection; BWM; MARCOS; order allocation; multi-objective linear programming.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10045389
   
  
• Multi-item Sustainable Manufacturing Model for Cleaner Production System under Imprecise Demand and Random Defective Rate  
  by Saif Sami, S.K. Shon, Dharmendra Yadav 
  Abstract: The present study revisits the multi-item economic production quantity model by considering that production process is not perfect with the planned backorder. The present study aims to make the production system as a cleaner production system by considering a reworking process for random defective items which is uniformly distributed. In addition to this, to make the production system cleaner, an investment is made to control the production process. Based on the reworking time, two different inventory models are proposed under the effect of uncertainty in demand. Impreciseness in demand is handled by applying fuzzy set theory. Centroid method is applied to defuzzified the objective function. The global optimal solution is derived by using a nonlinear optimisation technique. Numerical analysis with sensitive analysis is provided to illustrate the proposed model. From analysis it is observed that due to increase in investment, 98% reduction in waste management cost and 11% reduction in total cost is observed. Thus, investment in system improvement is helpful to achieve the task of clean production. The study also highlighted the advantage of outsourcing for a cleaner environment. In the end, sensitivity analyses are also carried out, and based on managerial insights are provided.
  Keywords: cleaner production; rework; random defective rate; multi-item; screening process.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10045954
   
  
• Optimal pricing policy for deteriorating items with continuous compounding under price-sensitive demand and shortages  
  by Mrudul Jani, Bhavisha Kotak, Manish Betheja 
  Abstract: In any business organisation, the customer’s demand for product plays an important role to generate maximum revenue. In practice, demand of the product does not always remain constant, it may change with selling price of the product. Therefore, this study considers the price-sensitive demand; where the items deteriorate at constant rate. A surge in demand leads to product unavailability, resulting in shortages. Hence, the exponentially partially backlogged shortages also considered. The principle of continuous compounding is employed to calculate the opportunity cost using compound interest and an annual rate of interest. The main aim is to optimise the retailer’s total profit function in terms of cycle time, the time when inventory vanishes, and selling price by using the classical optimisation technique. The optimality of this research is demonstrated using a numerical example and its graphical representation. A sensitivity analysis of the major parameters is performed, and managerial implications are examined.
  Keywords: compound interest; deterioration; inventory; price-sensitive demand; partial exponential backorders.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10045981
   
  
• Auditing practices in banks: an empirical study of Jordan  
  by Borhan Omar Al-Dalaien, Ala Hussein Al-Bawwat, Zeyad Almatarneh, Mo’taz Kamel Al Zobi, Mazen Alomari, Basman Omar Al-Dalayeen 
  Abstract: This paper proposes a framework to analyse effectiveness, uniformity, relationship and responsibility in the banking sector using Jordan as an example. The perceptions of Jordanian banks internal and external auditors in addition to financial managers have been investigated. In general, it was found that the respondents believe that audit quality in the Jordanian banking sector ranges from satisfactory to very good. The results indicate a positive and significant correlation between audit quality and effectiveness and relationship. The data was collected from 100 auditors. This approach provides a more comprehensive framework to examine the banking sector. With an audit function, businesses must be operating in accordance with the pre-determined policies, enacted regulations, and rules. Internal auditing is closely tied to the internal control of bank operations and helps to ensure against deliberate losses and ems.As far as contribution is concerned, this study is regarded to be innovative and is one of the first to explore auditing at Jordanian banks.
  Keywords: responsibility; effectiveness; Jordanian banks; auditing practices; Jordan.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10046303
   
  
• Multi-item sustainable manufacturing model for cleaner production system under imprecise demand and random defective rate  
  by Saif Sami 
  Abstract: The present study revisits the multi-item economic production quantity model by considering that production process is not perfect with the planned backorder. The present study aims to make the production system as a cleaner production system by considering a reworking process for random defective items which is uniformly distributed. In addition to this, to make the production system cleaner, an investment is made to control the production process. Based on the reworking time, two different inventory models are proposed under the effect of uncertainty in demand. Impreciseness in demand is handled by applying fuzzy set theory. Centroid method is applied to defuzzified the objective function. The global optimal solution is derived by using a nonlinear optimisation technique. Numerical analysis with sensitive analysis is provided to illustrate the proposed model. From analysis it is observed that due to increase in investment, 98% reduction in waste management cost and 11% reduction in total cost is observed. Thus, investment in system improvement is helpful to achieve the task of clean production. The study also highlighted the advantage of outsourcing for a cleaner environment. In the end, sensitivity analyses are also carried out, and based on managerial insights are provided.
  Keywords: cleaner production; rework; random defective rate; multi-item; screening process.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10046304
   
  
• Do Soft Resources Improve Organizational Performance The Mediating Role of Purchasing Social Responsibility  
  by Muhammad Bilal Gulfraz, Muhammad Sufyan, Naeem Akhtar 
  Abstract: The paper examines the impact of software resources (e.g., top management support and a sustainability-oriented organisational culture) on purchasing social responsibility and organisational performance using the dynamic capabilities theory. To validate the hypothesised relationships, we conducted 237 surveys across Pakistan’s 12 manufacturing industries. For analytical purposes, structural equation modelling and AMOS plugins are applied to substantiate the direct and mediating relationships. The findings indicate that top management support enables the development of sustainable organisational culture and the adoption of sustainable purchasing and procurement practices. Additionally, the findings indicate that a sustainable organisational culture and PSR act as a buffer between top management support and organisational performance. The study contributes to the debate on resource-based perspectives within the PSR domain by utilising insights from dynamic capabilities. By doing so, it emphasises the importance of using core strategic management theories to understand the different aspects of PSR.
  Keywords: purchasing social responsibility; PSR; triple bottom line; TBL; top management support; sustainability-oriented organisational culture.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10046595
   
  
• The Relationship between Country Specific Governance and Entrepreneurship  
  by Faozi A. Almaqtari, Najib H. S. Farhan, Raba'a Salman Ali Abu-Helaleh, Saleem Ahmed Aqlan 
  Abstract: The current study explores the effects on entrepreneurial attitudes of country-level corporate governance and directors’ liability across 52 countries over the period from 2014 to 2017. Country-level corporate governance is proxied by the six dimensions that are proposed by the worldwide governance Indicators. Country-level corporate governance and directors’ liability are regressed against eight proxies of entrepreneurial attitudes proposed by Global Entrepreneurial Monitor. The study used balanced panel data and panel correction standard error estimation. The findings revealed that the six dimensions of the worldwide governance indicators have a significant effect varying across the eight proxies of entrepreneurial attitudes. The findings vary based on each dimension of entrepreneurial attitudes. Further, the results declared that directors’ liability has a significant positive and negative effect on entrepreneurial attitudes. The results of the present study have significant implications for entrepreneurs, policymakers, and researchers. They may benefit from the current study’s findings in order to improve the conditions for entrepreneurial activities.
  Keywords: country-level governance; directors’ liability; entrepreneurial attitudes; panel correction standard error.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10046625
   
  
• Dynamic multi-depot vehicle routing problem in the era of Industry 4.0  
  by Maryam Abdirad, Krishna Kumar Krishnan, Deepak Gupta 
  Abstract: The ongoing challenge for supply chain systems is accommodating real-time changes and unpredictable demands from system entities or customers. In a dynamic commodity delivery system, new orders enter the system while the vehicles are already on-route deliver scheduled orders. The critical problem in such cases is developing the intelligence to dynamically respond to changing demands while minimising transportation costs. In this research, an innovative Industry 4.0 approach was used to suggest a solution to
  Keywords: two-stage algorithm; heuristic; multi-depot vehicle routing problem.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10046654
   
  
• Exploring Stakeholder’s understanding of procurement performance expectations gap in public works contracts in Uganda’s district local governments: A qualitative analysis of results  
  by Charles Kalinzi, Joseph Ntayi, Moses Muhwezi, Levi Kabagambe Bategeka, John Munene 
  Abstract: Studies on performance expectations gaps is sparse and incomplete, and yet it is becoming an increasing concern in public procurement. This study borrowed the concept of expectations gap from auditing, accounting and focused on how do the different stakeholders with different needs, interests and expectations, perceive and interpret the procurement performance expectations gap (PPEG) in roadworks contracts. Thirty-three key informants in two categories of technical personnel and road users were selected using purposive sampling from the four regions of Uganda. Semi-structured interview guides were used to gain insight into understanding PPEG, and data was subjected to rigorous statistical analysis using ATLAS.ti version 22 software. Respondents understood PPEG to mean general lapse of procurement performance failure punctuated with growing levels of performance dissatisfaction, narrowness of the community access roads, delayed completion of road network and inconsistency in the quality of completed works, with three emerging themes: 1) laxity in performance efficiency; 2) laxity in performance effectiveness; 3) low level of community satisfaction. The implications of this study shows that whereas the technical personnels perception that the road users opinions might be grossly wrong, they must be respected in order to have a holistic community roadworks acceptance and support.
  Keywords: procurement performance expectations gap; PPEG; community access roadworks; technical personnel; road users; ATLAS.ti; ‘arm-chair’ auditors.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10047104
   
  
• The influence of dividends on investment: Evidence from Vietnamese listed firms  
  by Kim Quoc Trung NGUYEN  
  Abstract: The paper aims to estimate the impact of dividends on the investment decisions of listed companies in Vietnam from 2009 to 2019. Agency theory and asymmetric information theory are used to explain the relationship between dividends and investments. These theories are in use in the markets with low information transparency, particularly the Vietnamese stock market. The early financial literature, such as Fama and Miller (1972), has attested that the dividend should not depend on firms investment; while this study proves the dependence of investment on dividends by employing a quantitative research method (two-stage least-squares 2SLS). Put in another way, the author discovers that dividends have a statistically significant negative impact on investment. Furthermore, tests of endogeneity and over-identifying restrictions are conducted to determine the validity of instrument variables and the unbiasedness of research results.
  Keywords: agency theory; asymmetric information theory; dividends; investment; 2SLS; Vietnam.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10047135
   
  
• Revealing differences of supplier performance with DEA cross-efficiency  
  by Imre Dobos, Gyöngyi Vörösmarty 
  Abstract: DEA is a well-known tool for measuring the effectiveness of decision units. It is used to support a wide range of management decisions and is also widely used to support supplier assessment tasks such as selection, performance evaluation, or post-qualification. Ranking can be important when making certain purchasing decisions, e.g., when selecting the best performing supplier(s). However, ranking can hide differences in performance that may have a significant impact on the outcome of the supplier selection. Suppliers can be evaluated by two types of DEA efficiency indicators: self-appraisal and peer-appraisal (cross-efficiency). The aim of this paper is to introduce a new method that maximises cross-efficiency by leaving the self-appraisal indicator. It is shown that the average of cross-efficiencies can be characterised as an optimal cross-efficiency of suppliers. The new method helps to understand differences in supplier performance, which may be hidden in the ranking provided by the basic DEA method.
  Keywords: supplier evaluation; data envelopment analysis; DEA; cross-efficiency; sustainability.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10047186
   
  
• The Effect of ICT Infrastructure on Business Performance of Micro and Small Enterprises in Yemen: The Moderating Effect of Social Media Marketing  
  by Sabri Shaker, Fadhiha Mokhtar, Nur Aishah Awi, Safiek Mokhlis 
  Abstract: This study aims to examine the effect of information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure on the performance of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in Yemen and evaluate the moderating impact of social media marketing (SMM) adoption. A literature dissection on ICT infrastructure on business performance of MSEs was conducted to develop a structural model and generate the scale items. Collected data was obtained by distributing a questionnaire to 384 managers/owners of manufacturing MSEs in Yemen and analysed using a structural equation model with the partial least square method using SmartPLS version 3.2.7 software. The study found that ICT infrastructure positively impacts the performance of SMEs. SMM also has a significant impact on the performance of MSEs. Furthermore, the results indicate that SMM does not moderate the relationship between ICT infrastructure and business performance. There are many studies on business performance, but few on the micro and small manufacturing enterprise sector and the impact of ICT infrastructure and SMM on its performance.
  Keywords: business performance; social media marketing; SMM; micro and small enterprises; MSEs; information and communication technology infrastructure.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10047245
   
  
• Measuring compliance in public procurement: the case of Tanzania  
  by Mordecai C. Matto, Ahmed M. Ame, Paul M. Nsimbila 
  Abstract: The study identified the key performance indicators used to measure compliance in public procurement and its measurement approach. It further examined the efficiency of the indicators to measure procurement compliance. The study adopted an exploratory sequential mixed method. The qualitative data were first collected and then analysis was performed. The results of qualitative data were used to plan for the collection of quantitative data. The qualitative data were collected using the documentary review while the quantitative data were collected using surveys. The structural equation modelling and content analysis were used to analyse quantitative and qualitative data. The study revealed that compliance in public procurement is assessed by using seven performance indicators and 92 sub-indicators. The key performance indicators are measured on a ratio scale. Using the confirmatory factor analysis, the study confirms that the key performance indicators are efficient to measure public procurement compliance.
  Keywords: compliance; public sector procurement; key performance indicators; KPIs; Tanzania.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10047502
   
  
• Guidelines for procurement management efficiency in industrial business sectors  
  by Kanyarat Sukhawatthanakun, Taweesak Roopsing, Thanin Silpcharu 
  Abstract: This study aimed to discover the guidelines for procurement management efficiency in industrial business sectors and develop a structural equation modelling; through mixed-methodology research, with qualitative and quantitative research methods - the quantitative data from 500 executives of industrial business with a questionnaire. The collected data were analysed with descriptive, inference, and multivariate statistics. The finding indicated that guidelines for procurement management efficiency in industrial business sectors consisted of the four elements: organisation change, internal control process, technology management, and business alliance network. Interestingly, the developed structure equation modelling analysis confirmed that it was under the empirical data and passed the SEM evaluation criteria.
  Keywords: procurement efficiency; organisation change; internal control process; technology management; business alliance network; industrial business; structural equation modelling; SEM.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10047504
   
  
• Concurrent sourcing as a termination safeguard  
  by Niels Peter Mols, Paula Sarita Bigio Schnaider 
  Abstract: This paper discusses the conditions under which concurrent sourcing is an effective safeguard. Relying on the transaction cost and the resource-based theories, we develop a conceptual model to argue that concurrent sourcing shortens the period that a buyer needs in order to internalise production and thus, it shortens the period in which an external supplier is able to hold-up a buyer. Concurrent sourcing also allows for short run expansion of production and reduces costs of lost customers. However, when complementarities and diseconomies of scale make concurrent sourcing an efficient choice for a buyer, the same complementarities and diseconomies of scale also weaken the threat that the internal production unit may replace the external supplier.
  Keywords: concurrent sourcing; parallel production; safeguards.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10047505
   
  
• A review of the influence of capital structure on the relationship between corporate governance and firm performance  
  by Marwan Mansour, Hafiza Aishah Hashim, Faozi A. Almaqtari, Waleed M. Alahdal 
  Abstract: This paper focuses on the relationship between corporate governance and firm performance in the case of Jordan as developing country, despite the evolution of the national economy and the government’s efforts to attract foreign and domestic investment in order to merge at the global economy and to stimulate firms to perform better, the performance of firms in the non-financial sector is still weak. This can be attributed to a lack of clarity regarding the inter-relationships between corporate governance mechanisms and firm-specific characteristics such as capital structure. Therefore, this study presents a comprehensive review of the literature to highlight a theoretical approach that could contribute to clarifying the relationship between capital structure, corporate governance, and firm performance. In addition, it also proposes that a more accurate design be used for practical analysis that takes into account the moderation role of optimal capital structure and the potential presence of a complementary effect between optimal capital structure, corporate governance, and firm performance.
  Keywords: capital structure; corporate governance; performance; non-financial firms; Jordan.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10047744
   
  
• Fuzzy-optimisation-based decision-making support for integrated order allocation, production planning, and inventory control in supply chain management  
  by Solikhin Solikhin, Sutrisno Sutrisno, Abdul Aziz, Purnawan Adi Wicaksono 
  Abstract: This study proposes a fuzzy-optimisation model to be used as decision-making support for problems associated with order allocation, production planning, and inventory control. The model was used because some parameters in the problems were uncertain and treated as fuzzy variables. It was further optimised to perform two objective functions which include product quantity and total operational cost. Fuzzy-expectation-based programming was applied to make an optimal decision on the quantity of raw materials to be ordered from each supplier as well as to ascertain the quantity of products to be produced and the raw materials and products to be stored in the warehouse. Moreover, numerical experiments were conducted to demonstrate the procedure through which the problem was solved and the results showed the proposed decision-making support system is reliable.
  Keywords: fuzzy programming; mathematical optimisation; supply chain management; inventory control.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10048141
   
  
• Effect of late payments on the transaction costs of Brazilian public procurement carried out through electronic auctions  
  by Matheus Pereira Libório, Patrícia Bernardes, Petr Ekel, Luiz Flavio Autran Monteiro Gomes 
  Abstract: This research investigates the effects of late payments on the performance of micro and small companies in public procurement. The study uses 214,564 records of electronic auctions performed by public buyers between 2016 and 2018 in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The theoretical framework is supported in the transaction costs literature and the operational framework in agent-based models. Results show that public buyers benefit themselves by paying contracts on time. First, on average, product prices can be 1.06 times lower, as suppliers no longer transfer transaction costs by managing late payments to product prices. Second, product prices can be even lower, as product prices are 1.2% cheaper for each additional supplier in the auction, and micro and small companies increase their participation in auctions by 30%. The research contributions are associated with predicting the efficiency of laws in reducing transaction costs to support or not changes in the current law.
  Keywords: transaction costs; public procurement; electronic auctions; agent-based models.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10048539
   
  
• An EOQ model for Deteriorating Products with Green Technology Investment and Trade Credit Financing  
  by DHARMESH KATARIYA, Kunal Shukla 
  Abstract: Carbon reduction plays a significant role in encouraging green inventories and in market demand which is affected by products selling price. So, we considered green technology investment and selling price dependent linear demand in presented economic order quantity (EOQ) model. The retailer is permitted a specific period to acquire cash flow by supplier and hence, retailer gets more time for investing in green technology and managing sustainability. Sources of carbon emission from transportation and storing inventory process are considered, carbon tax regulation helps to manage carbon emission levels. Our aim to optimise the retailers total profit at the optimal value of cycle time, selling price, and green technology investment cost for perishable deteriorating products with fixed expiry dates. Classical optimisation method is applied to determine the optimal value of decision variables. For the authentication of suggested model, numerical examples are taken, we have proved the concavity of the profit function of the system using a Hessian matrix method and graphically, and to generate managerial insights, the sensitivity analysis is done for each decision variable by changing the inventory parameters.
  Keywords: inventory; expiration dates; carbon emission; carbon tax; green technology investment; GTI; sustainability; trade credit.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10048720
   
  
• Transaction costs and architectural complexity in no-capability defence acquisition  
  by Alexandre Verlaine  
  Abstract: The paper addresses the research gap between big and small military powers and investigates the challenges in defence acquisition through the perspective of a no-capability NATO nation. First, the author discusses different contractual approaches in no-capability defence acquisition using transaction cost economics and identifies three important transaction cost factors: seconding liaison officers, aligning budget calendars and agreeing on key user requirements. Second, the author inquires the systemic complexity that lies at the heart of modern weapon systems and shapes defence contracts. Drawing on architectural innovation, the analysis demonstrates that small/no-capability NATO nations have a structural disadvantage in relation to developing/acquiring advanced weapon systems. Finally, the author examines the “dual-use development strategy” as a vehicle for overcoming the structural no-capability disadvantage. Two contrasting case studies on Luxembourg and Estonia illustrate the importance of the competent and demanding military customer and the need for further research on the profile of small/no-capability NATO nations.
  Keywords: transaction costs; architectural complexity; no-capability defence acquisition; Luxembourg.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10049042
   
  
• EXAMINE THE EFFECTS OF INVENTORY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN WAR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL AND WEDAM MEDICAL CENTER, GHANA  
  by John Zunuo Tang, Augustine Anane 
  Abstract: The study concentrated on the effects of inventory management practices on operational performance in War Memorial Hospital and Wedam Medical Center in Upper East Region of Ghana. The study used descriptive research design. 155 respondents were sampled from both hospitals. The study found out that Economic order quantity, Enterprise resource planning and Just in Time was the inventory management systems that were widely employed in the hospitals facilities. The study concludes that, aside the significant effects of inventory management practices on operational performance in the various hospitals, there is like lack of training and proper infrastructure which when not effectively looked at could adversely prevent the hospitals from reaping the full benefits thereof. The study recommends that; management of hospitals should decentralise inventory management by having dedicated staff from each department who will be properly trained to use computerised software for managing inventory.
  Keywords: inventory management; operational performance; service delivery; inventory controls; economic order quantity; enterprise resource planning; just in time.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10049043
   
  
• Realization of Transparency Implementation of E-Procurement in Election Campaign  
  by Ni Wayan Widhiasthini, Nyoman Sri Subawa, Gede Humaswara Prathama, Putu Ayu Titha Paramita Pika 
  Abstract: To foster literacy on the importance of using technology in public sector activities, in realising transparency, speed of service, efficiency, and effectiveness. Using a qualitative descriptive method with a post-positivism approach to examine the object of research, namely the procurement of goods/services based on technology systems. The data collection used includes interviews, observations, and document studies. The occurrence of disruption in the administration of government in e-procurement which was realised in the procurement of campaign props, the realisation of good governance through the involvement of the private sector and the community in government activities, was the application of reinventing government the application of the government’s entrepreneurial spirit. This research focused on the procurement of campaign props, and discuss procurement that occurs in the province of Bali. Contribute to the government in improving the implementation of e-procurement, through increasing the involvement of the private sector and optimising the participation of the community to participate in monitoring. The occurrence of disruption of government administration, emphasises disruptive leaders, disruptive bureaucrats, and disruptive mindsets.
  Keywords: transparency; e-procurement; disruption; election campaign.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10049049
   
  
• Value Proposition in the Buyer-Seller Relationship Quality: A Mixed Method Approach  
  by Sayyed Mohammad Javad Rejali, Ali Sanayei, Majid Mohammad Shafiee 
  Abstract: This paper seeks to conceptually propose a new model of buyer-seller relationship quality (RQ) and then to empirically test the model. Considering several variables in the field of business relationships, this research gives emphasis to mediating and moderating variables. Using a mixed method approach, qualitative research is used to develop our understanding of the buyer-seller RQ and to achieve a new conceptual model. Then the partial least squares (PLS) method is used to uantitatively test the conceptual model. The results indicate that two categories of variables affect the buyer-seller RQ, which we termed inter-organisational and inter-personal variables. Also, RQ and customer perceived value (CPV) serve as mediating variables in the buyer-seller RQ model to influence attitudinal and behavioural loyalty. Additionally, market turbulence and seller openness has been found to play the role of moderating variables.
  Keywords: buyer-seller relationship; customer perceived value; CPV; industrial marketing; market turbulence; mixed method; relationship quality; RQ.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10049093
   
  
• Determinants of Factors Impacting Buying Intention towards E- Retailing: A Special Reference to Jordan Context  
  by Husam Salah, Khaled Theep, Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh Al-Faryan, Mosab Tabash, Amgad Saeed 
  Abstract: The immediate aim of the present paper is to examine the effect of trust, risk and attitude on purchase intention in Jordan. Moreover, the study also aims to compare the male-female mean value in terms of purchase intention. The sampling technique of the study follows non-probability approach. Convenient sampling technique was employed in the present article. A self-administrated survey questionnaire was used for the purpose of research. The questionnaires were distributed mainly in Amman, Maan and Al Karak region. The total numbers of respondents were 143. The data has been analysed by SPSS program and AMOS. T test and structural equation modelling were undertaken. The study concludes that trust and attitude significantly impact purchasing intention, whereas perceive risk has no significant effect on purchasing intention. The findings also show positive relationships between variables. The article at hand reflects a step ahead in studies into how private predispositions and safety and privacy signals of customers impact their intention to buy.
  Keywords: purchase intention; online shopping; attitude; risk; consumer behaviour; buyer; trust; Jordan.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10049206
   
  
• A deterministic model for perishable inventory with variable demand under demand dependent production rate, inflation, and customer returns  
  by Amrita Bhadoriya, Mrudul Jani, Manish Betheja 
  Abstract: Due to highly competitive market conditions and globalisation, the manufacturer and the retailer both are struggling a lot to entice each potential consumer and convert them into paying consumers. The purpose of this article is to explore a production inventory model for non-instantaneous perishable goods with price, stock, and advertisement-dependent demand under inflationary conditions. In addition to other factors, such as the holding expense is presumed to be a linear function of time and the concept of customer returns has been included as a function of both demand and sales price. The main objective of this research is to determine the cycle time, price, and frequency of advertisement to maximise the present value of the manufacturer’s overall profit. Additionally, an algorithmic rule and propositions are formed to check the optimality of the total profit function and a numerical example is discussed to illustrate the results. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of major parameters is analysed and for decision-maker/manufacturers, numerous supportive managerial insights are also discussed.
  Keywords: customer returns; frequency of advertisement; inflation; non-instantaneous deterioration; price-stock-advertisement dependent demand; time-dependent holding cost.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10049209
   
  
• Effect of compliance with public procurement legal regime on SME policy implementation in Zambia  
  by Shem Sikombe 
  Abstract: The study investigates how compliance with the public procurement regulatory framework improves the implementation of SME policy. Prior studies have reported varied findings on how policy familiarity, professionalism, sanctions and monitoring influence compliance. The research tested the hypotheses using multiple regression analysis and mediation with bootstrapping procedure on a sample of 104 public buyers. The results showed that policy monitoring and sanctions significantly influence compliance. However, policy familiarity and professionalism were not statistically significant. The results also show that the relationship between policy monitoring and SME policy implementation is mediated by compliance. Similarly, the relationship between the enforcement of sanctions and SME policy implementation is significantly mediated by compliance. Whereas the existing literature in public procurement research focuses on achieving primary objectives such as a competitive price, this study concentrates on public buyers regulatory compliance and implementation of secondary goals such as SME-oriented policies.
  Keywords: public procurement; regulatory compliance; SME policy; Zambia.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10049428
   
  
• A study of Stakeholders’ Procurement Deficiencies, Delays and Cost Overruns in Tanzania’s Construction Projects  
  by Baraka Israel 
  Abstract: This article investigates the stakeholders’ procurement deficiencies that cause delays and cost overruns in Tanzania’s construction projects using a cross-sectional research design and purposive sampling technique. Data were sourced from 126 respondents using a questionnaire. The extent of stakeholders’ procurement deficiencies was ascertained by using the significance index. The study found bureaucratic bidding process, frequent order variations, corruption, non-compliance with contractual terms, use of inappropriate procurement methods and inexperienced contractors and consultants as the critical stakeholders’ procurement deficiencies facing construction projects. About 52.2% of the surveyed projects revealed cost and time overruns by 29.33% and 33.6% respectively due to one or more stakeholders’ procurement deficiencies. This article informs policymakers, scholars and oversight authorities on the stakeholders’ procurement deficiencies affecting projects’ cost and time which have not been systematically researched in Tanzania. The study’s findings are confined to Tanzania’s context and thus should not be regarded the same in other places and from non-procurement perspectives.
  Keywords: procurement stakeholders; deficiencies; time and cost overruns; construction projects; Tanzania.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10049490
   
  
• Uganda’s Antiretroviral Distribution: Sourcing Flexibility Mediates Information Technology Integration and Supply Chain Agility  
  by Sarah Watera, Noah Mwelu, Samali Mlay, Joseph Ntayi, Moses Muhwezi 
  Abstract: This study looks at how sourcing flexibility mediates the relationship between information technology (IT) integration, and supply chain agility in the distribution of antiretroviral (ARV) by Joint Medical Stores in central Uganda. A cross sectional and quantitative research design was used whereby primary data was collected from 80 health units using self-structured questionnaires. Data was analysed using SPSS Version 20 and mediation determined in Medgraph using Sobel test based on Baron and Kenny (1986) guidelines. The findings indicated a positive and significant relationship between the constructs of IT integration, sourcing flexibility and supply chain agility. Sobel test indicate that sourcing flexibility mediates the relationship between IT integration and supply chain agility (Sobel z-value = 3.798, p = 0.000). Hence, to improve the supply chain’s agility, measurement indicators of sourcing flexibility (supplier lead-time, expedition and number of components) should be given attention, as they are key interactive factors in ARVs’ distribution.
  Keywords: antiretroviral drugs; sourcing flexibility; mediator; information integration; supply chain agility; Uganda.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10049594
   
  
• Development of sustainable and circular criteria in supplier selection  
  by Maha Morssi, Andy T.C. Wong, Sahar El-Barky 
  Abstract: Recently, sustainability and circular economy are becoming leading concepts in the context of contemporary industrialisation due to the global warming, economic implication, and social consciousness. Sustainable circular supplier selection addresses the sustainability practices in the context of circular economy. This study proposed a sustainable circular supplier selection model using fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory technique to determine the interrelationships between the criteria. The evaluation criteria are classified into four categories of economic, environment, social, and circular and evaluated by experts from industry using pairwise comparison. the results indicate that the criteria 'environmental management system' is the most important. Moreover, 'financial stability' and 'green technology' are the most influential criteria over the other criteria, on the other hand, 'cost' is mostly influenced by other factors. This study recommends further integration with other MCDM techniques to select and rank the best alternatives (suppliers) based on our proposed criteria.
  Keywords: sustainability; circular economy; supplier selection.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10049666
   
  
• E-Payment adoption in Jordan: UTAUT model moderated by anxiety  
  by S. Ahmad 
  Abstract: This paper attempts to identify the factors that shape customer adoption of e-payment in Jordan. The study is guided by the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), which proposes four factors: performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), social influence (SI), and facilitating conditions (FC). The study also suggests anxiety as an adverse moderator. A quantitative-deductive causal approach based on cross-sectional data was adopted. Using a self-administered questionnaire, data was collected from (n = 411) participants in Jordan. SEM-AMOS was used to conduct statistical analysis. Findings reported that factors of UTAUT, along with anxiety, explained (R2 = 50%) of the variance in behavioural intention (BI). PE was the strongest determinant (49%), whereas EE was not seen to achieve a significant effect. The moderator, anxiety, was partially supported. Following the gathered results, implications were provided.
  Keywords: e-payment; UTAUT; adoption; determinants; anxiety; Jordan.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10049924
   
  
• Modeling the effect of Multiobjective Optimization of Business, Information Technology, and Marketing Techniques on Organizational Performance  
  by Atena Atashsokhan  
  Abstract: The advent of the third millennium has witnessed a more intense competition among economic hubs, especially in the business sector. Enterprises as microeconomic activists try to gain a bigger share of the global trade privileges; however, scientific and technological advances have led them to create new opportunities by providing necessary conditions. Business, information technology and marketing strategies are three major newly emerged opportunities for facilitating business and increasing global competitiveness. This study aimed at investigating the effects of business, IT and marketing strategies on organisational performance. A descriptive survey was conducted on a sample of marketing managers of e-businesses. The statistical population consisted of 175 e-business marketing managers, 120 of whom were selected through simple random sampling. The data collected were statistically analysed by using the partial least squares structural equation modelling. The results indicated that business, IT and marketing strategies positively and significantly affect organisational, customer and financial performance.
  Keywords: business strategy; IT strategy; marketing strategy; organisational performance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10050069
   
  
• Leadership style and its influence on employee performance and retention in employee engagement mediation: Evidence from Jordan's petroleum retailing sector  
  by Almontaser Mohammad, Masha Menhat, Izyan Zaideen, Saiful Saadon 
  Abstract: In this paper, a conceptual framework is proposed to understand the motivation and support extended by leaders to individual employees. It would improve the performance and retention of employees by the mediating effect of employee engagement, which is a critical and yet under explored antecedent of their effectiveness. This research adopted a constructed model based on research conducted through surveys. Data was collected from 425 supervisors in the petroleum retailing sector in Jordan. To run the measurement model and structural model, Smart-PLS was used. The findings confirm the hypotheses using PLS-SEM and demonstrate that transformational leadership (TSFL) and laissez-faire (LF) are significantly and positively related to employee retention (ER) and performance (EP), which are mediated by employee engagement (EE). The positive leadership of supervisors indicates that they feel engaged with the organisation’s overall vision, which improves their followers’ levels of performance. Leaders in petroleum retailing need to recognise that improving EP can be done by focusing on employee conditions to foster a sense of closeness and engagement among employees. Research can also be undertaken by examining issues related to leadership styles, EE, EP, and retention in other sectors as a comparison.
  Keywords: leadership; employee engagement; employee performance; employee retention; social exchange theory; petroleum retailing sector; Jordan.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10050345
   
  
• The effect of e-leadership on employee performance: the mediating role of elasticity workplace  
  by Riedel Paulus Jacobis, Raden Andi Sularso, Imam Suroso, Elok Sri Utami 
  Abstract: This research aims to examine the effect of e-leadership on employee performance through the elasticity workplace as a mediating variable. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires to 97 employees who work as village professional assistants in Bolaang Mongondow Raya Regency. In this explanatory research, the collected data is processed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) analysis techniques with SmartPLS 3.2.9 software. The results showed that e-leadership has a significant effect on the elasticity workplace. This implies that if the leader can utilise technology and information properly, the elasticity workplace system will run optimally. Furthermore, e-leadership has a significant positive effect on employee performance, which shows that it will be maximised if the leader carries the leadership function adequately irrespective of their destination. This research implies that the elasticity workplace work system significantly affects employee performance due to the ability to work from anywhere and anytime.
  Keywords: e-leadership; elasticity workplace; teleworking; non-physical work environment on performance; employee performance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10050811
   
  
• Competitive strategy, organizational capabilities, industry structure, and marketing performance  
  by Majid Mohammad Shafiee  
  Abstract: This study aims to analyse the relationships between industry structure as an uncontrollable external factor and organisational capabilities as a controllable internal factor with competitive strategy, and its impact on the buyers’ attitudes. The qualitative stage of the research involves interviewing managers and active advisors involved in the television industry, while in the quantitative stage, marketing experts and TV sellers in selected stores were interviewed. The required data was collected by questionnaires and was administered from among a statistical sample of 473 individuals. The data was then analysed via partial least squares structural equation modelling approach. The findings show a significant positive relationship between the aforementioned variables. In particular, by harmonising a strategy, which complies with the industry structure and organisational capabilities, a unique strategy can lead the organisation to competitive advantage that reflects specific circumstances in the organisation and can exert the most effective impact on a buyer’s evaluations.
  Keywords: marketing performance; competitive advantage; industry structure; competitive strategy; organisational capabilities; television industry; marketing mix.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10051043
   
  
• Full and Open Competition in Public Procurement: A Noble Lie  
  by Christopher Atkinson, Clifford McCue, Eric Prier 
  Abstract: The notion that the US federal government provides equal opportunity for all businesses to potentially receive contracts may be, as discussed in Plato’s Republic, a noble lie. In this context, the noble lie represents government’s attempt to advance an agenda that is ostensibly in the public interest yet is empirically untrue. Using the
  Keywords: full and open competition; number of bids/proposals received; noble lie; federal contracting; trust; public procurement.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10051300
   
  
• The Prevalence of Stress and Anxiety level among Working Employees in Different Service Sectors during Pandemic  
  by Pratima Verma, Vimal Kumar, Sumanjeet Singh, ANKESH MITTAL, Tanmoy De, Mohit Rishi 
  Abstract: The present study addresses the stress and anxiety of COVID-19 among employees of service sector organisations in India. A survey of 539 employees from six different service sector organisations such as banking organisations, insurance organisations, educational organisations, healthcare organisations, hospitality and tourism organisation, and telecommunication organisations located in India was carried out during the COVID-19 outbreak. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlation analysis methods have been applied to distinguish and measure the stress and anxiety in these six organisations. The findings of this study show that organisations in the education sector have high levels of psychological stress, financial stress, and anxiety during pandemics, whereas those in the banking industry had lower levels. According to the findings, the employees should make a plan to get rid of their stress and anxiety in order to be safe. It also intends to expand on the study’s novel contributions to streamline the operations.
  Keywords: COVID-19; financial stress; psychological stress; anxiety; service sectors; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10051450
   
  
• A systematic review and scientometric analysis of the driving factors of eco-innovation: trends and future research  
  by Khalid Mady, Reda Shaker Abdelkareem, Muhammad Abi Sofian Abdul Halim, KHATIJAH OMAR, Tamer Elsheikh 
  Abstract: The present study has systematically reviewed selected existing literature addressing the drivers of eco-innovation to gain an in-depth understanding of the driving factors of eco-innovation. Using the Scopus and Web of Science platforms, 65 articles were selected and examined. A scientometric analysis was conducted to redefine and visualise the existing trends and future research on eco-innovation drivers using the VOSviewer software application. The analysis showed that eco-innovation driving factors were classified into six main drivers. This study has provided the existing body of knowledge with further research which could be conducted on drivers of eco-innovation, such as strategic environmental orientation and normative pressure. The findings of this paper will be valuable for policymakers, practitioners and firms’ managers as the present research has developed an in-depth understanding of the driving factors of eco-innovation that can develop their eco-innovation strategies.
  Keywords: eco-innovation; eco-innovation drivers; systematic review; scientometric analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10051481
   
  
• SUSTAINABLE PROCUREMENT: SOCIAL CLAUSES AND CSR IMPACTS FROM A HIGHWAY PERSPECTIVE  
  by Robert Eadie, Ruairi Bradley, Martina Murphy, Ventsislav Stoyanov 
  Abstract: Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is embedded in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. This indicates the importance of the social responsibility aspects of highway construction contracts contributing to the decarbonisation agenda. Social clauses and CSR in the highway sector has little published literature. A structured survey collected data from all consultants and contractors awarded highway construction design and construction contracts in Northern Ireland with only one non-response. Quantitative and qualitative data on existing social clauses from a consultant and contractor perspective was compared. Findings indicate government social clauses did not have a strong effect on decarbonisation thus, it requires more work. The impact of adding additional clauses from the EU green deal should be implemented alongside existing clause elements in both Bulgaria and the UK. Differences in priorities from a consultant and contractor perspective were proven suggesting bespoke CSR clauses are required. Case study indicates many positive requiring retention.
  Keywords: highways; procurement; corporate social responsibility; CSR; sustainable development goals.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10051926
   
  
• Reimagining India’s Cold Chain Sector and its Contribution to Atmanirbhar Bharat and Global Supply Chain Trends  
  by Mohammad Rais, Prerna Gautam, Pragya Yadav, Mutum Ibomcha Singh 
  Abstract: India is an agrarian economy contributing approximately 17.76% share in the country’s GDP according to Statistics Times. It produces a significant amount of meat and poultry and is among the top producers of milk and fruits and vegetables. And with this responsibility arises a dire need to prevent these perishable eatables from spoiling and ultimately being wasted. To compensate for this need there is must be a world-class cold chain system. Cold storage units are temperature-controlled supply chain networks that are used to preserve fresh produce for an extended period. The Indian Government has proposed many reforms for the agriculture sector under the Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan (2020). The purpose of this paper is to point out the importance and requirement of more robust and efficient cold storage chains in India.
  Keywords: cold storage; Atmanirbhar Bharat; global supply chain; Indian economy; technological status.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10051936
   
  
• Enhancing Sustainability Performance through Absorptive Capacity: The Moderating Role of Environmental Uncertainty  
  by Ahmed Ali, Mahmoud Barakat 
  Abstract: It is essential for all organisations to strategically plan for superior sustainability performance in order to develop a competitive edge and satisfy all stakeholders. Drawing on stakeholder theory and knowledge-based view, this research aims to provide organisations with a tool to enhance their sustainability performance using absorptive capacity (potential and realised) under environmental uncertainty. Data were collected using a questionnaire from organisations operating in Egypt, and the 1,198 valid responses were analysed using CB-SEM. Results indicated that both potential and realised absorptive capacity can significantly enhance organisational sustainable performance. In addition, environmental uncertainty can only moderate the relationship between potential absorptive capacity and sustainability performance. This proves that in order to satisfy stakeholders through enhancing sustainability, organisations need to acquire knowledge and develop their capabilities to efficiently and effectively use this knowledge through absorptive capacity.
  Keywords: sustainability performance; absorptive capacity; environmental uncertainty; structural equation modelling.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10051982
   
  
• An Analysis of Sustainable Procurement Guidelines in Japanese Manufacturing Companies: Clarifying the Current State and Future Directions  
  by Akira Endo, Eiki Yamakawa 
  Abstract: Manufacturing companies must implement sustainable procurement to avoid sustainability-related supply chain risks. This study aimed to clarify the current state of and tendencies and issues in the sustainable procurement guidelines (SPG) in the Japanese manufacturing sector. It investigated 160 major Japanese firms and collected text data on 130 firms' SPGs, on which text-mining and correspondence analyses were conducted. The survey identified that the examined companies have either been developing or revising their SPGs proactively. Some pre-requisite concepts for setting of SPGs need to be promoted for greater association with the main 'setting' topics. Additionally, this study indicated that corporate social responsibility rules influence the topics for establishing SPGs. The findings can serve as reference for firms to develop or revise their SPGs. Future researchers should focus on a reference model of SPGs based on procurement risk communication with stakeholder collaboration, including companies, customers, investors, governments, non-governmental organisations, and not-for-profit organisations.
  Keywords: sustainable procurement; sustainable procurement guideline; SPG; sustainable purchasing; corporate social responsibility; CSR; procurement risk management; PRM; procurement risks.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10051987
   
  
• Optimal pricing and advertisement with allowable shortages for non-instantaneous deteriorating items under inflation and trade credit  
  by Chirag Trivedi, Mrudul Jani, .Dilip C. Joshi, Manish Betheja 
  Abstract: In recent business transactions, the policy of trade credit is usually used to improve product demand and maximise revenue by earning interest. Furthermore, advertisement is a tool that assists the retailer in attracting more consumers. Moreover, demand for products varies depending on the price and while managing inventory most important thing is product deterioration. The current time value of price is calculated at constant inflation rate. The following points are considered: 1) trade credit policy between supplier and retailer; 2) the product demand depends on sales price and advertisement; 3) the product deterioration is non-instantaneous; 4) the current time value of money is calculated at constant inflation rate, and shortages are allowed. The main aim to find the optimality of total profit function with respect to cycle time inventory vanish time, sales price, and frequency of advertisement. A sensitivity analysis of significant parameters and some important managerial implications are analysed.
  Keywords: advertisement; inflation; non-instantaneous deterioration; pricing; shortages; trade credit policy.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10051989
   
  
• Exploring interrelationships among barriers and enablers of green procurement for a sustainable supply chain  
  by Imran Zaman, Md. Ramjan Ali, Sharfuddin Ahmed Khan 
  Abstract: This study aims to visualise the prioritisation and interactions of ecologically responsible goods in the pharmaceutical industry between obstacles and enablers to green procurement. For this purpose, ten barriers and nine enablers are identified through an exhaustive analysis of the literature, and their interconnections are visualised by implementing the grey-DEMATEL technique. This study offers a unique perspective of having barriers and enablers interplay for green procurement together simultaneously. The findings also indicate that the pharmaceutical manufacturers should provide consumers with relevant, supportable information to disperse their products’ sustainability. Also, pharmaceutical industry should spend much in increasing consumer understanding of the effects of collective buying actions. Other identified enablers would help mitigate the obstacles in this industry. This study offers crucial insights into the interdependencies between barriers and enablers that also lead to the decision-making initiatives of management that promote the adoption of environmentally sustainable goods by customers.
  Keywords: green procurement; GP; sustainable supply chain management; SSCM; grey-DEMATEL; enablers and barriers; green environment; sustainable procurement.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10052001
   
  
• The cost of the public entities' bad reputation in public procurement  
  by Matheus Pereira Libório, Patrícia Bernardes, Petr Ekel, Ivo Jr. Teixeira Gico, Sérgio Fernando Loureiro Rezende 
  Abstract: This paper analyses the effect of the public entity’s bad reputation on the prices of products purchased in electronic auctions. To do so, we used the Analytical Hierarchical Process, considering critical criteria for the decision of suppliers to participate in electronic auctions. Data from 25,001 electronic auctions reveal that public entities with bad reputations purchase products 18% more expensive than public entities with a better reputation. Moreover, the bad reputation of two of the worst reputable public entities raised government spending on public procurement by BRL 14 million over two years. These results suggest that the public entity rating strategy reduces contractual uncertainties and ex-post transaction costs.
  Keywords: public procurement; public entity’s reputation; electronic auctions; analytical hierarchical process; transaction costs; law and economics.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10052340
   
  
• Optimal supply chain strategies for large, complex product developments  
  by Gunnar Droescher 
  Abstract: Determining the optimal supply chain strategy is a central decision for large, complex development projects in the rolling-stock and jet-engine industries. The research objective is to understand the optimal supply chain strategy for these products. More specifically, it is to determine: 1) if an agile or a cost-efficient supply chain is a better basis for product development; 2) if different strategies should be followed for serial production considering product, process and market characteristics. Based on a literature review and 17 semi-structured interviews with executives from the rolling-stock and aerospace industry, several insights are offered: 1) design stability is a key determinant of supply chain strategy; 2) market characteristics (e.g., time-to market) affect supply chain strategies; 3) the product introduction capability of suppliers is distinctively important; 4) using different supply chains for product development and serial production can be beneficial; 5) the sourcing decision should be agnostic of the life-cycle.
  Keywords: supply chain strategy; agility; cost-efficiency; product introduction; aerospace; rolling stock.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10052438
   
  
• Supplier selection and order allocation in purchasing and supply management: a systematic literature review  
  by Tobias Rösner 
  Abstract: Supplier selection and order allocation are challenging decision-making problems. In the past, these problems have already been the subject of great interest. Both decision-making methods and the requirement profile in strategically complex purchasing and supply management have developed over time. In previous years, review papers and research articles have been published on the supplier selection and order allocation problem. This paper extends the research framework by presenting a systematic literature review of 171 documents from 2018 to 2020. In the analytical framework, papers are explored according to their process stage orientation and technique orientation. Also, recent findings on the application of relevant decision criteria are presented. Furthermore, a mapping concerning model characteristics is realised. An analysis of the number of suppliers, number of criteria, number of items, number of periods, number of objectives and number of decision-makers is provided. This work also recommends future research directions and eases knowledge acquisition.
  Keywords: supplier selection; order allocation; decision making; systematic literature review; purchasing; procurement.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10038997
   
  
• Optimal procurement choices for development of public infrastructure - identification of key metrics  
  by Harpreet Singh Pruthi, Vikramjit Singh 
  Abstract: The paper examines the public procurement contracts for the supply/construction of assets or provision of public services, with particular emphasis on public-private partnerships (PPP). The paper compares the PPP and traditional procurement (TP) on the basis of cost effectiveness and quality of services and innovation. Total cost of providing service not only comprises of cost of construction/acquisition of asset but also includes cost of operation and maintenance of assets, which depends on quality and fitness for purpose of assets produced by private sector. Therefore, design of procurement contracts determines if the incentives of private sector to minimise cost of production align with overall objective of delivering better services at lower costs to public. This paper attempts to identify the metrics, which can be utilised by the government to choose appropriate procurement methods and would also help public procurement agencies/professionals to design contracts which can create maximum value for money (VfM) for the public.
  Keywords: public private partnerships; PPP; public procurement; contract design metrics; public infrastructure development; unbundling contracts; incomplete contracts; optimal risk allocation; PPP capacity; PPP Life cycle cost; PPP incentive alignment.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10039749
   
  
• R&D projects co-financed by public funds  
  by Carlos H. Jerónimo, Daniela Barroso, Leandro Pereira, Renato Lopes Da Costa, Álvaro Dias, Rui Gonçalves 
  Abstract: Governments develop public policies such as collaborative programs through direct funding to execute projects that impact economic competitiveness. This impact will only be felt if the execution of the projects is successful. This research has the purpose of evaluating the efficiency of I&D projects co-financed by public funds in Portugal through the application of project management practices. Interviews were conducted with companies' beneficiary of public financing in collaborative I&D projects and the entities responsible for the monitoring of the projects. It was found that, in Portugal, companies that execute co-funded collaborative R&D projects lack rigor when applying project management methodologies and that there also exists a need to adapt legislation regarding the application of project management practices to projects in the area.
  Keywords: methodologies; project; collaboration; SI I&DT; public funds.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10051760
   
  
• The impact of the Black Economic Empowerment concept in the South African public procurement systems on black construction professionals  
  by Christopher Amoah 
  Abstract: South Africa's government in 2003 introduced Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) legislation aimed to uplift the blacks into mainstream economic activities. This study assessed the impact of the BEE policy on black construction professionals since its introduction. Due to COVID-19 restrictions and the participants' dispersed location, the telephone interview method was adopted to solicit information from 21 black construction professionals. The findings indicate that the BEE policy in the public procurement system, has improved black construction professionals' economic status, developed their skills, and increased access to public contracts, indicating an immense benefit from the BEE policy. However, issues such as nepotism, corruption, and exploitation by policy implementers with political acquaintances in the public procurement system prevent the policy from fully achieving its objectives. South Africa's government must institute measures to ensure all the hindrances adversely affecting the policy's successful implementation are eradicated for the intended policy objectives to be realised.
  Keywords: Black Economic Empowerment; BEE; black; construction professionals; contract; government; public procurement.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10040543
   
  
• Adopting electronic healthcare services during COVID-19 and the nations responding: evidence from Jordan  
  by Elham Mohammad Alhiary 
  Abstract: This research aims to examine the national responding of healthcare services and the existing initiatives among adoption of electronic service during the COVID-19 in Jordan. The study model is extending to the theory of acceptance technology and use, which includes effort expectancy, performance expectancy, and facilitating position factors. A quantitative approach survey questionnaire was conducted towards employees working in private hospitals in Jordan. A total of 315 valid and completed responses were retrieved. The sample was randomly selected to ensure fair representation of the population society. The conceptual model of this research was empirically examined using hierarchical regression. The results showed that all independent predictors conceptualised in the model were significant predictors with 80% of the variance in the adoption of electronic healthcare. The study provides some new findings that would help in understanding the role of technology over the emerging situations and crisis particularly in the COVID-19 pandemic.
  Keywords: healthcare services; COVID-19; Jordan; private hospitals; electronic services.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10040467
   
  
• Supply of cyber insurance in banking sector  
  by Leandro Pereira 
  Abstract: The development of technology and the way businesses exchange sensitive information all over the world is through IT resources. As a consequence of such reality, cyber events are more likely to occur with the banking sector as one of the major targets. Cyber insurance is one of the possible protection options. The main goal of this research is to assess the supply of cyber insurance among the banking sector operating in Portugal. To obtain the main goal, the research is based on a 'state of the art' literature review of the cyber insurance market in the world and in the country. An empirical study is made through the application of questionnaires to evaluate potential cyber insurance suppliers. The main findings of this study relate to the fact that the topic is relevant, but no one is prepared to provide the service, and there is a huge market to grow.
  Keywords: cyber risk; cyber insurance; operational risk; banking sector; insurance sector.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10040830
   
  
• Developing the application model for the Kraljic's purchasing portfolio  
  by Laura Luukkainen, Anni-Kaisa Kähkönen 
  Abstract: Portfolio models are popular in purchasing and supply management to optimise strategies for supplier relationship management. Portfolio models, such as Kraljic's purchasing portfolio, are based on subjective judgements and are qualitative in their nature. Portfolio models have been criticised because they lack guidelines on how the models could be applied in practice. The key to the application is the definition of appropriate key attributes that can be used for measuring and defining the dimensions. In this study, the factors which influence the supply risk and profit impact are studied by deriving the appropriate attributes from the empirical data of a multinational electrical manufacturer. This study contributes by identifying the key attributes for the dimensions of profit impact and supply risk and by scaling these with numerical values for the purposes of Kraljic's matrix. As a result, this study provides a practical model, explaining how companies can apply Kraljic's matrix.
  Keywords: purchasing portfolio; Kraljic's matrix; supplier relations; purchasing; supply management.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10040266
   
  
• Sustainable supply chain coordination with greening and promotional effort dependent demand  
  by Arpita Paul, Totan Garai, Bibhas Chandra Giri 
  Abstract: This paper studies green growth and coordination issues in a three-layer supply chain consisting of one manufacturer, one distributor and one retailer under cost sharing contract. We explore the impact of green initiatives taken by the manufacturer and the promotional efforts put by the distributor. We adopt game-theoretic approach to examine the impact of greening, advertising and consumer sensitivity towards green-channel. We propose a cost sharing contract between the members who bargain on the cost sharing parameter, and the significant contract benefits for the chain members. We study two different cost-sharing contracts, one between the manufacturer and the distributor, and another between the distributor and the retailer. The key contribution and objective of this paper are analysing the impact of promotional activities of a green supply chain, and investigating different strategies of cost sharing contracts with collaboration between channel partners and analysing information sharing on the decisions and profits of the chain members.
  Keywords: supply chain management; green supply chain; cost-sharing contract; game theory; channel coordination; sustainable development; promotional effort; three-echelon supply chain.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10040973
   
  
• Decision preferences of procurement delivery method in public sector construction projects using TOPSIS  
  by Ali Raza Khoso, Nafees Ahmed Memon, Fida Siddiqui, Aftab Hameed Memon 
  Abstract: This research aims to stride for the most persuasive factors affecting the selection of procurement delivery methods and aid in decision preferences to the public sector clients to select the right procurement delivery method when their preferences vary over parameters such as time, cost, quality, risk, etc. Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) decision making technique was applied to compute procurement delivery method preferences by considering various alternatives from selection criteria. TOPSIS decision technique computed the procurement delivery method ranking in descending order as: design and build, public private partnership, design-bid-build and management-oriented. This study offers a greater range of options to clients in case of their different preferences, which are not limited to basic time, cost, and quality but other criteria such as risk, client characteristics, project characteristics and external environment.
  Keywords: procurement delivery methods; PDMs; design and build; D&B; decision; TOPSIS; public private partnership; PPP; public procurement.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10040209
   
  
• Analysis of sustainable practices adopted in the health sector public procurement process of goods by the Provincial Director of Health Services Office, Central Province of Sri Lanka  
  by W.M.C.R. Wijekoon, Anura Lokugamage, W.A.S.S. Wickrama, D.M.A.K. Dissanayake 
  Abstract: This study examines the extent to which the Provincial Director of Health Services Office, Central Province of Sri Lanka adopts sustainable procurement practices, when procuring required goods to meet the health service needs in the province. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out based on all goods procured in year 2018 and also upon obtaining views of all officers involved in the procurement process. A checklist assessed the integration of sustainability criteria in the procurement process and a self-administered, structured questionnaire was used to gauge the level of knowledge of the public officers involved in the process. Findings indicated that, the highest proportion of goods (69%, 131 items) purchased were related to medical equipment, procured upon fulfilling certain procurement criteria but lacked timeliness and adherence to certain key sustainable concepts. Lack of specific knowledge on sustainable procurement among the public officers, was another major concerning factor.
  Keywords: sustainable procurement; green procurement; public procurement; procurement process; goods procurement; Sri Lanka.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10040756
   
  
• Exploring public procurement in Malaysia: how institutional arrangements manufacture fraudulent practices  
  by Khairul Saidah Abas Azmi 
  Abstract: This paper examines procurement fraud in the Malaysian public sector. The study demonstrates how the institutional arrangements in Malaysia manufacture fraudulent practices within government purchasing. Qualitative data were collected through a total of 31 semi-structured interviews. The thematic analysis approach has been used to analyse data. Drawing on state-business relations theory, the study shows a system in place involving state-business ties in Malaysia enables the abuse of procurement practices. Findings illustrate how public policy and development, state-business relations, and power relations in Malaysia manufacture fraud in public procurement. This paper provides evidence of collaboration in continued corruption and fraud within government purchasing through organised financial crime by Malaysia's ruling elites, politicians, and private capitalists, which is assisted by public officials and regulators. The paper concludes that any effort to control and reduce corruption and fraud in Malaysia or its embeddedness within institutional arrangements must involve effective enforcement to prosecute perpetrators.
  Keywords: procurement fraud; institutional arrangement; state-business relations; public sector; Malaysia.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10041519
   
  
• Importance of credentials for in-house or outsourced leader appointments in successful versus unsuccessful large public IS contract awards  
  by Kenneth David Strang 
  Abstract: The goal was to examine the importance of credentials and other factors for in-house versus outsourced procurement project leader appointments, in large public information services (IS) contracts. This research was needed because 45%-50% of public procurement projects around the world have failed in the last decade, and while there was no clear evidence why, some findings pointed to leadership-related factors. To investigate this research question, contract award managers were surveyed to determine which factors were related to leader appointments (in-house versus outsourced) in successful as well as unsuccessful projects. Contract managers rated the importance of award criteria for leader experience, age, gender, education, team size, budget and certification, for successful and unsuccessful expensive public service contracts. The results indicated no single criterion could explain all leadership appointment decisions, but professional certification was a more important factor for in-house versus outsourced information service contracts.
  Keywords: public procurement; services contract award; outsourcing; credentials; professional certification; leadership; hiring criteria.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10042584
   
  
• Recognising and prioritising the supply chain risk in project-based organisation regarding the effective environmental factors and by using FMEA technique case study: Ehdas Gostar Nirooye Pars Co.  
  by Narges Hasanzadeh Moghimi, Abbas Sheikh Aboumasoudi 
  Abstract: Based on the results obtained, lack of liquidity flow in contractor companies with the priority number of 0.133571 was as the most important risk in supply chain. The second rank is related to change of the government's enactments with the priority number of 0.130398 and third priority is related to excessive increase of the expected price of materials and equipment with the number of 0.115694. The fourth to twelfth priorities of risk include uncertainty of access to raw materials, scarcity of the needed materials and equipment, uncertainty of inflation rate, uncertainty of exchange rate, failure of machines and equipment, personnel's carelessness in project execution, and delay in confirmation of the needed orders. According to the experts, all the recognised risks are among the general risks and include other project-based organisations, too. So, the results of the research have a great importance in this regard.
  Keywords: supply chain risk; environmental factors; project-based organisation; failure modes and effects analysis; FMEA.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10041087