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International Journal of Procurement Management
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Abstract: Public procurement holds significant potential as a policy tool, yet its implementation by public organisations faces numerous barriers and challenges, resulting in partial implementation. This research investigated the behaviour of public organisations in terms of symbolic compliance with procurement policies and examined the barriers they encounter in achieving compliance and policy goals. The research adopted an abductive qualitative design using semi-structured interviews with stakeholders of specific policy-led public procurement related to purchasing consulting services in Iran. Two types of symbolic compliance behaviours were identified: policy-practice decoupling (i.e., a disconnect between policy processes and implementation) and means-ends decoupling (i.e., a misalignment between policy objectives and outcomes). Moreover, two categories of compliance barriers emerged: internal (efficiency-related) and external (institutional). The findings provide insights into the design of effective procurement policies that align with policy objectives, with a specific focus on developing countries. Keywords: symbolic compliance; compliance barriers; policy-led public procurement; policy-practice decoupling; means-ends decoupling; developing countries; consulting services. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10059760 Multi-item sustainable manufacturing model for cleaner production system under imprecise demand and random defective rate by Saif Sami Abstract: The present study revisits the multi-item economic production quantity model by considering that production process is not perfect with the planned backorder. The present study aims to make the production system as a cleaner production system by considering a reworking process for random defective items which is uniformly distributed. In addition to this, to make the production system cleaner, an investment is made to control the production process. Based on the reworking time, two different inventory models are proposed under the effect of uncertainty in demand. Impreciseness in demand is handled by applying fuzzy set theory. Centroid method is applied to defuzzified the objective function. The global optimal solution is derived by using a nonlinear optimisation technique. Numerical analysis with sensitive analysis is provided to illustrate the proposed model. From analysis it is observed that due to increase in investment, 98% reduction in waste management cost and 11% reduction in total cost is observed. Thus, investment in system improvement is helpful to achieve the task of clean production. The study also highlighted the advantage of outsourcing for a cleaner environment. In the end, sensitivity analyses are also carried out, and based on managerial insights are provided. Keywords: cleaner production; rework; random defective rate; multi-item; screening process. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2021.10046304 Enhancing Sustainability Performance through Absorptive Capacity: The Moderating Role of Environmental Uncertainty by Ahmed Ali, Mahmoud Barakat Abstract: It is essential for all organisations to strategically plan for superior sustainability performance in order to develop a competitive edge and satisfy all stakeholders. Drawing on stakeholder theory and knowledge-based view, this research aims to provide organisations with a tool to enhance their sustainability performance using absorptive capacity (potential and realised) under environmental uncertainty. Data were collected using a questionnaire from organisations operating in Egypt, and the 1,198 valid responses were analysed using CB-SEM. Results indicated that both potential and realised absorptive capacity can significantly enhance organisational sustainable performance. In addition, environmental uncertainty can only moderate the relationship between potential absorptive capacity and sustainability performance. This proves that in order to satisfy stakeholders through enhancing sustainability, organisations need to acquire knowledge and develop their capabilities to efficiently and effectively use this knowledge through absorptive capacity. Keywords: sustainability performance; absorptive capacity; environmental uncertainty; structural equation modelling. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10051982 An Analysis of Sustainable Procurement Guidelines in Japanese Manufacturing Companies: Clarifying the Current State and Future Directions by Akira Endo, Eiki Yamakawa Abstract: Manufacturing companies must implement sustainable procurement to avoid sustainability-related supply chain risks. This study aimed to clarify the current state of and tendencies and issues in the sustainable procurement guidelines (SPG) in the Japanese manufacturing sector. It investigated 160 major Japanese firms and collected text data on 130 firms' SPGs, on which text-mining and correspondence analyses were conducted. The survey identified that the examined companies have either been developing or revising their SPGs proactively. Some pre-requisite concepts for setting of SPGs need to be promoted for greater association with the main 'setting' topics. Additionally, this study indicated that corporate social responsibility rules influence the topics for establishing SPGs. The findings can serve as reference for firms to develop or revise their SPGs. Future researchers should focus on a reference model of SPGs based on procurement risk communication with stakeholder collaboration, including companies, customers, investors, governments, non-governmental organisations, and not-for-profit organisations. Keywords: sustainable procurement; sustainable procurement guideline; SPG; sustainable purchasing; corporate social responsibility; CSR; procurement risk management; PRM; procurement risks. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10051987 Exploring interrelationships among barriers and enablers of green procurement for a sustainable supply chain by Imran Zaman, Md. Ramjan Ali, Sharfuddin Ahmed Khan Abstract: This study aims to visualise the prioritisation and interactions of ecologically responsible goods in the pharmaceutical industry between obstacles and enablers to green procurement. For this purpose, ten barriers and nine enablers are identified through an exhaustive analysis of the literature, and their interconnections are visualised by implementing the grey-DEMATEL technique. This study offers a unique perspective of having barriers and enablers interplay for green procurement together simultaneously. The findings also indicate that the pharmaceutical manufacturers should provide consumers with relevant, supportable information to disperse their products’ sustainability. Also, pharmaceutical industry should spend much in increasing consumer understanding of the effects of collective buying actions. Other identified enablers would help mitigate the obstacles in this industry. This study offers crucial insights into the interdependencies between barriers and enablers that also lead to the decision-making initiatives of management that promote the adoption of environmentally sustainable goods by customers. Keywords: green procurement; GP; sustainable supply chain management; SSCM; grey-DEMATEL; enablers and barriers; green environment; sustainable procurement. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10052001 The cost of the public entities' bad reputation in public procurement by Matheus Pereira Libório, Patrícia Bernardes, Petr Ekel, Ivo Jr. Teixeira Gico, Sérgio Fernando Loureiro Rezende Abstract: This paper analyses the effect of the public entity’s bad reputation on the prices of products purchased in electronic auctions. To do so, we used the Analytical Hierarchical Process, considering critical criteria for the decision of suppliers to participate in electronic auctions. Data from 25,001 electronic auctions reveal that public entities with bad reputations purchase products 18% more expensive than public entities with a better reputation. Moreover, the bad reputation of two of the worst reputable public entities raised government spending on public procurement by BRL 14 million over two years. These results suggest that the public entity rating strategy reduces contractual uncertainties and ex-post transaction costs. Keywords: public procurement; public entity’s reputation; electronic auctions; analytical hierarchical process; transaction costs; law and economics. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10052340 Optimal supply chain strategies for large, complex product developments by Gunnar Droescher Abstract: Determining the optimal supply chain strategy is a central decision for large, complex development projects in the rolling-stock and jet-engine industries. The research objective is to understand the optimal supply chain strategy for these products. More specifically, it is to determine: 1) if an agile or a cost-efficient supply chain is a better basis for product development; 2) if different strategies should be followed for serial production considering product, process and market characteristics. Based on a literature review and 17 semi-structured interviews with executives from the rolling-stock and aerospace industry, several insights are offered: 1) design stability is a key determinant of supply chain strategy; 2) market characteristics (e.g., time-to market) affect supply chain strategies; 3) the product introduction capability of suppliers is distinctively important; 4) using different supply chains for product development and serial production can be beneficial; 5) the sourcing decision should be agnostic of the life-cycle. Keywords: supply chain strategy; agility; cost-efficiency; product introduction; aerospace; rolling stock. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10052438 Green Inventory Model with Two-Warehouse System Considering Variable Holding Cost, Time Dependent Demand, Carbon Emissions and Energy Consumption by Anupama Sharma, Vipin Kumar, S.R. Singh, C.B. Gupta Abstract: One of the key components is the consideration of energy consumption while storing inventory, which can increase holding cost and releases carbon emissions. In business practices, suppliers give their retailers discounts on large orders, typically during the festival seasons, to attract customers, boost sales and earn more profit. For this, they may require warehouses, which need to keep at favourable environmental conditions according to products. Demand can be constant, linear, fluctuating, or extremely high with regard to time. So time-dependent quadratic demand has been incorporated in this study. Here, energy and carbon emission costs have been introduced so that the average inventory cost per unit time is minimum and optimum values for the decision variables are determined. Energy and carbon emission costs are evolved in holding costs during product stocking. The proposed model is validated with a numerical example, and managerial insight has been provided based on the sensitivity analysis. Keywords: energy consumption and carbon emission cost; deterioration; quadratic demand; shortages and variable holding cost. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10052902 Governance in Public Procurement: Accounting Analysis of Public Acquisitions in Brazil During the COVID-19 Pandemic. by Alessandro Bandeira De Oliveira, Paulo Vitor Jordão Da Gama Silva Abstract: This article uses the Newcomb-Benford law to analyse the values of bids originating from electronic auctions in all states of Brazil and the Federal District in the light of public governance, analysing the compliance of electronic auctions. We surveyed 3,253 electronic trading sessions containing 41,510 items between 2020 Keywords: Benford’s law; public governance; public procurement; public acquisitions in Brazil; Brazil. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10053581 Green Supply Chain Technological Dimensions and Firm Performance: The Role of Green Supply Chain Strategy and Processes by Tahir Ali, Muhammad Asad Hamid Abstract: Green supply chain management (GSCM) has gained attention due to rising environmentalism. This study aimed to analyse the role of all GSCM components as a whole. Systems theory is used to understand the effect of green supply chain technological dimensions, GSCM strategy, and GSCM process on the firm performance. The study further examined the moderating role of product complexity, purchasing structure, and cost reduction. The analysis was performed through partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) based on the data collected from 273 employees working in the Pakistani automobile manufacturing industry. The empirical findings indicated the positive impact of GSCM technical aspects on GSCM strategy, which further positively influenced the green supply chain process. Furthermore, the GSCM process had a positive relationship with firm performance. The analysis did not validate the moderating role of product complexity on the strategy and process. The study provides a detailed description of GSCM using the lens of system theory. Moreover, the results provide decision-makers with an enhanced understanding of the GSCM components. Keywords: green supply chain management; GSCM; firm performance; technological dimensions; environmental performance; social performance; financial performance. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10053660 IMPACT OF THE STATUS AND MATURITY OF THE PURCHASING FUNCTION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COMPANIES IN TERMS OF COST SAVING: A PLS APPROACH by ABDERRAHIM ZGHAIDA, HASSAN AACHAACH, AHMED TAQI Abstract: The purpose of this article is to empirically examine the impact of the status and maturity of the purchasing function on the performance of companies in terms of cost savings. Accordingly, we have conducted a survey on 74 Moroccan companies. The data were analysed using the structural equation method (PLS approach). The results show that a high purchasing status does not have a significant direct effect on the performance in terms of cost savings. Nevertheless, after including strategic purchasing practices and/or the degree of maturity as mediating variables, the effect of status on company performance becomes significant. These findings have important practical and theoretical implications as they provide strong arguments for the importance of the status of the purchasing function in creating value. Business leaders should recognise the importance of status and support the efforts of buyers in developing more strategic purchasing practices. Keywords: purchasing status; purchasing maturity; strategic purchasing practices; cost saving performance. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10054345 User Experience of Using E-Government Applications and Its Impact on User Satisfaction: Case of Jordan by S. Ahmad, Maen Dohon Abstract: E-governments have provided governments worldwide with the ideal solution for delivering efficient services through technological means, which is of particular significance in the COVID-19 era with its social distancing measures. This study proposed a seven-predictors model to examine its influence on user satisfaction in the context of the sudden transformation to e-government due to COVID-19. The design of the present study was descriptive and exploratory. A quantitative approach was seen as fitting with our exploratory stud. Further, we used Smart PLS v3.3 to provide better understanding of the relationships between the proposed determinants and user satisfaction. It was found that the proposed determinants explained (R2 = 72.2%) of user satisfaction variance. Furthermore, it was found that five out of seven determinants had a significant influence. Up-to-date data was the strongest determinant, while transparency, efficiency and effectiveness were found to be non-significant determinants. Keywords: E-government; user experience; satisfaction; COVID-19; Jordan. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10054667 The Sequential Logic of Quality Constructs in Sales Business Relationships: Model and Findings by Carlos Ferro-Soto, Carmen Padín Fabeiro, Göran Svensson, Nils M. Høgevold Abstract: This research tests the mediator role of satisfaction between commitment and trust, and coordination, cooperation and continuity with B2B buyers, following a seller approach. It considers coordination as present behaviour, and cooperation as the willingness to work jointly, and both are understood as distinct constructs. Based on a survey among Spanish sales managers, it applies confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling using SPSS/AMOS 26.0. Results confirm the mediator role of satisfaction between the constructs in the estimated model. The findings enhance the literature on satisfaction in B2B relationships, thanks to the combination of constructs in the model, which has barely been used in this field, as well as their nomological positions, and the seller perspective. Managerial implications enhance practitioners’ comprehension of how commitment and trust induce customer satisfaction which can, in turn, foster coordination and a willingness to cooperate and can improve the expectation of continuity the partnership. Keywords: satisfaction; trust; commitment; coordination; continuity; cooperation; B2B sales relationships. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10054926 Developing a Machine Learning Integrated E-Procurement System For Nigerian Public Procuring Entities by Muhammad A. Yamusa, Yahaya M. Ibrahim, Muhammad Abdullahi, Hassan A. Ahmadu, Bello Abdullahi, Ahmed D. Ibrahim, Kabir Bala Abstract: Public procuring entities globally have been adopting the digitised approach in order to improve efficiency. However, existing systems have been found to be fragmented and cannot be generalised as they are country-specific. This study, therefore, designed and developed a web-based e-procurement system capturing the entire public procurement lifecycle including a machine learning component. The study adopted the RIPPLE and unified process methodologies of the system development lifecycle and developed one domain conceptual model, covering the entire procurement lifecycle. Then, static analysis conceptual models were developed to capture different processes of the procurement lifecycle. The study designed and developed the system architecture capturing physical architecture and user interface, and machine learning models for automated searching and classification of tender and spends using UNSPSC taxonomy. This study provides a fundamental step toward the automation of e-procurement systems for public procuring entities. Keywords: public procurement; web-based e-procurement systems; conceptual model; system architecture; machine learning; UNSPSC taxonomy. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10055600 Inventory Models for Deteriorative items with Price Dependent Demand Integrated with Stock Dependent Demand by Sivashankari C.K., Nitha T. Abstract: Inventory models with integrated price and stock-dependent demands for deteriorative items are considered in this study. The demand models found in the literature include constant, linear, quadratic, exponential, price dependent, and stock dependent among others. To wit, no study exists that uses price dependent integrated with stock dependent demand. Three models are developed: The first model uses price-dependent demand integrated with stock-dependent demands. The second model uses stock-dependent demand which is given in Appendix A and; the third model uses price-dependent demand which is given in Appendix B. Mathematical models are delineated for each model and relevant examples are provided to elucidate the proposed procedure. The objective herein is to obtain optimum cycle time with respect to the overall minimum cost. Sensitivity analysis is provided. The necessary data was generated using visual basic 6.0. Keywords: inventory; integrated demands; stock dependent demand; price dependent demand; optimality; comparative study. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10055742 Exploring Corporate Governance Practices in Indian Banks: The Moderation Effect of Banks Size by Najib H. S. Farhan, Saleem Ahmed Aqlan, Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh Al-Faryan Abstract: The current study explores corporate governance practices in an emerging market. The study is based on 38 Indian banks, covering ten years from 2010 to 2019. Data are retrieved from the Prowess IQ database. The findings reveal a significant difference in corporate governance practices in small, medium, and large banks. Furthermore, board of directors' composition has a significant impact on banks' financial performance. Further, directors' remuneration positively and significantly affects return on assets and total income of Indian banks. Moreover, bank size moderates the association between related party transactions, directors' remuneration, and the financial performance of Indian bank measures, except leverage. This study is unique as it examines the difference in corporate governance structure and related party transactions among small, medium, and large banks. Finally, the study introduces the interaction term to examine the moderation effect of bank size on the association between corporate governance practices and banks' financial performance. Keywords: corporate governance practices; Indian banking sector; Prowess IQ database; interaction effect. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10055743 Does COVID-19 Affect Non-Performing Loans At Commercial Banks In Vietnam? by Kim Quoc Trung NguYEN Abstract: The paper aims to investigate the direct connection between COVID-19 and non-performing loans in Vietnamese commercial banks from 2011 to 2021. This article uses qualitative (expert interviews, namely senior credit officers' and credit managers' surveys to find the expert consensus coefficient) and quantitative research methods (generalised method of moments to solve the endogeneity) to define that COVID-19 is a statistically significant factor and positively affect non-performing loans. In line with financial accelerator theory, the author emphasises the significant role of the economic shock in amplifying the non-performing loans at commercial banks in Vietnam during the COVID-19 pandemic. Besides, the paper provides some managerial implications to control and mitigate non-performing loans in the credit granting process. Keywords: COVID-19; commercial banks; non-performing loans; NPLs; generalised method of moments; GMM; Vietnam. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10055821 The contribution of the procurement process to financial performance: a case study of the sugar-energy sector by Mônica Georgino, Rosane Alcantara, Andrei Aparecido De Albuquerque Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this paper is to identify the key elements of the procurement process that promote financial performance. Methodology: A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to identify the key elements of the procurement process that promote the financial performance. Then an in-depth exploratory case study was conducted on a Brazilian company, the largest sugarcane producer in the world, to examine and identify these key elements on the procurement process. Findings: Throughout the case study, it became clear that the alignment between procurement and finance positively influenced organizations’ financial results. It also contributes to identifying new key elements and opportunities for improving the procurement processes. Originality/value: This paper helps understand the current relationship between the procurement process and financial performance in the Brazilian sugarcane industry. Keywords: Case Study; Procurement; Performance; Key elements; Financial; Sugarcane; Brazil. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10055827 Sustainable procurement practices and sustainable performance: evidence from small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in an emerging economy by Gloria K.Q. Agyapong, Richard Kofi Opoku, Alfred Asiedu, Stephanie Efua Frimpong Abstract: This study investigates the explanatory link between sustainable procurement practices (SPPs) and sustainable performance dimensions (SuP) [environmental (EP), social (SP), and economic (EcP) performance] Using a structured questionnaire, valid data were collected from 180 Ghanaian food manufacturing SMEs. The IBM SPSS Statistics (v. 26) and SmartPLS 3 software were used for data processing and analysed using the partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) tool. This study found that SPPs (GPP, LPP, and EPP) significantly improve EP, SP and, EcP. However, LPP had no significant influence on EcP of the food manufacturing SMEs. The outcomes would also help owners/managers to improve existing sustainable procurement policies and practices to achieve SuP objectives. In this study, generalisation of findings is limited to food manufacturing SMEs in Ghana, a developing economy, with particular focus on firms within the Accra, Kumasi and Tema metropolises. This study establishes whether the adoption of key sustainable practices (green, lean and ethics) throughout procurement processes affect the sustainable performance of food manufacturing SMEs within a developing economy notably Ghana. Keywords: sustainable procurement practices; SPPs; green procurement; lean procurement; ethical procurement; sustainable performance; SuP. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10055940 Focusing on Risk and Risk Management Practices in Construction Projects through the Lens of a Proposed Smart Model by Nagarajan Muthukrishnan, R. Ganapathi Ramasamy Abstract: This study aims to identify the risk and develop a risk assessment model with SMART function which will sense the risk, monitor the data with artificial intelligence, activate the action plan to rescue the project, trigger alarms with feedback to the key users, etc. with the help of cloud computing servers. The data was collected from around 150 respondents who are employees of EPC firms. The survey was conducted with a structured questionnaire to analyse risk management practises with reference to the risks involved in construction projects. There are 48 identified risks from various As follows; there are six technical risks, nine financial risks, ten construction risks, eight procurement and supply chain logistics risks, eight legal risks, and eight other associated risks. The results revealed significant risk management practices are adopted in India, focusing first on financial risk, followed by all other risks. Keywords: construction projects; project performance; risk management practices. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10056085 Framing antecedents of salesperson performance in B2B - model and findings by Nils M. Høgevold, Rocio Rodriguez, Carmen Otero-Neira, Göran Svensson Abstract: This research objective of this work is to verify and validate a conceptual framework of salesperson performance (SPP) antecedents in business-to-business (B2B). A total of 236 questionnaires out of 315 were returned, generating a response rate of 74.9%. A conceptual framework was identified consisting of the following categories: skill level, role perception, motivation, aptitude and organisational/environmental. This research tests 12 antecedents of SPP and offers opportunities for further research in other B2B settings. The antecedents can guide practitioners in assessing SPP in B2B settings. This work makes a valuable and relevant contribution by enhancing the theory of SPP-antecedents, and provides various opportunities for further studies. It verifies the conceptual framework empirically based on 12 antecedents of SPP. Keywords: salesperson performance; business-to-business; B2B; meta-analysis; conceptual; framework; antecedent. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10056178 Impact of strategic procurement participation and role conflict on procurement performance: a perspective of Municipal and District Assemblies (MDAs) in the Upper East Region of Ghana by Mustapha T. Seidu, Bright Junior Tanzubil, John A. Awaab, Mohammed Ibrahim Abstract: The public procurement function in local government assemblies facilitate the implementation of governments' policies which may translate into significant social and economic outcomes that improve communities' wellbeing. Consequently, strategic procurement participation and role conflict have attracted great attention as these concepts have the potential to influence the procurement function's contribution to public organisations' performance. This study examines the effect of strategic procurement participation and role conflict on the procurement function performance of local government assemblies in the Upper East of Ghana. Institutional theory underpins this empirical research and the study follows a quantitative research approach, using a questionnaire to collect data from nine municipal and district assemblies (MDAs). A multiple regression model was used to test the theoretical model and the research confirms that strategic procurement participation activities have a strong direct influence on procurement function's performance. However, role conflict was found to be negatively related to procurement performance. Keywords: strategic procurement participation; SPP; role conflict; public procurement; procurement performance; Ghana. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10056412 Exploring the Impact of Electronic Procurement on Buyer-Supplier Relationship in the Jordanian Pharmaceutical Industry: An Empirical Study by Noor Al-Maaitah, Osama Al-Nahleh, Mohammad Alsmairat Abstract: This research paper investigates the impact of electronic procurement on the buyer-supplier relationship in the pharmaceutical industry sector of Jordan. The study adopts a quantitative approach and utilises an online questionnaire to collect data from 171 managers working in different managerial levels in various pharmaceutical companies and factories in Jordan. The electronic procurement system is implemented with six applications: e-tendering, e-ordering, e-invoicing, e-auction, e-sourcing and e-informing. Structural equation modelling is used to test the hypotheses, and the analysis reveals that most hypotheses were accepted, except for e-informing, which was rejected. The study suggests that pharmaceutical companies and factories in Jordan should adopt electronic procurement systems to improve procurement processes and enhance their relationship with suppliers. Electronic procurement can increase efficiency, reduce costs, and improve communication with suppliers, resulting in a more productive and collaborative buyer-supplier relationship. Keywords: e-procurement; electronic procurement; building buyer-supplier relationship; pharmaceutical industry; Jordan. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10056742 Trust Me! Trust You? The Indicators of Trust on buyer-seller relationships: Pre-and-Post COVID-19 by Nicolas Van Der Nest, Sharyn Curran, Elizabeth L. Jackson Abstract: The pandemic and the war in Ukraine have placed immeasurable pressure on national and international buyer-supplier relationships. Disruptive and unpredicted events demonstrate that trust is a critical aspect of buyer-supplier relationships and plays a pivotal role in mediating inter-organisational relationships. However, organisations often struggle to signal trust toward a counterpart to strengthen the buyer-supplier relationship. Additionally, organisations struggle to interpret trust signals from counterparts. This paper utilises systematic quantitative content analyses of newspaper media to identify trust indicators. The paper identifies 51 indicators of trust, thematically clustered, from the content analysis of the Factiva media database. Analysis of the findings identified ten indicators, representing 80% of the total indicators identified from the media analysis. Therefore, utilising the trust indicators may give supply chain practitioners value-added insights and enable parties to signal trust, leading to sustainable buyer-supplier relationships. The paper also gleams into how COVID-19 impacted the indicators of trust. Keywords: trust; buyer-supplier relationship; supply chain management; relational theory; signalling theory; COVID-19. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10057023 Sorting of Delay Factors in Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) Projects: An Integrated ANP-FANP Approach by Shiva Mansoorzadeh, Dana Parto, Masoud Rahiminezhad Galankashi Abstract: Delay is one of the most critical causes of failure in engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) projects. This issue is the most common cause of insufficiency, dissatisfaction, extra costs, and poor quality of projects. In this regard, it is important to identify and prioritise delay factors, and provide potential plans to fix them. This study has applied probability, impact, and detection as the main criteria to rank different delay factors of EPC projects. A potential list of 15 delay factors has been extracted from 80 related papers. Next, an analytic network process (ANP) is applied to rank them. Following, a Fuzzy-ANP approach is also applied to rank different delay factors of EPC projects. According to the obtained results, delay in the payment of statements by employer, delay in the payment of salaries and wages of employees, personnel and subcontractors are the most important causes of delay in EPC projects. Keywords: delay; EPC projects; ANP; FANP; MCDM. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10057118 Development of machine learning models for categorisation of Nigerian government's procurement spending to UNSPSC procurement taxonomy by Bello Abdullahi, Yahaya M. Ibrahim, Ahmed D. Ibrahim, Kabir Bala, Yusuf Ibrahim, Muhammad A. Yamusa Abstract: Public procurement spending in Nigeria are usually documented and presented in non-standardised formats. This manifests in spends categorisation and classification inefficiencies. To address this, this research uses natural language processing (NLP) to classify the government's procurement spending based on the United Nations Standard for Product and Service Code (UNSPSC) procurement taxonomy. This research developed a machine learning model for the classification of procurement spending to the UNSPSC commodity level. The dataset was obtained from federal procuring entities. TF-IDF was used to transform them into NLP features. Multiple machine learning algorithms were employed to develop the classification model. The best performing algorithm is SVM with a 93% and 92% accuracy under the train-test split and k-fold cross-validation respectively. The higher level of accuracies obtained for many of the algorithms mean that the model can be practically deployed for the classification of the procurement spendings based on UNSPSC standard procurement taxonomy. Keywords: government spending; procurement; classification; machine learning; natural language processing; NLP. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10057133 Best Practices for Procurement contract management by Carolina Belotti Pedroso, Martin Beaulieu Abstract: The contract management is one of the most important parts of the procurement process. The overall performance of the procurement process depends heavily on the contracting process performance. An effective manner to obtain an improved performance of the contracting management is by implementing the best practices. However, the best practices are not still entirely characterised, especially when taking into consideration the healthcare sector, which presents greater challenges when compared to other sectors. Therefore, this study investigates what are the best practices adopted in the contracting process by healthcare organisations. In total, 15 organisations from different parts of the world participated in this research. Data was gathered through a case study research. The best practices for each step of the contracting process are presented. The results show that the enablers had a key role in supporting the adoption of the best practices. Keywords: procurement; contract management; best practices. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10057149 EU public procurements - analysis of Tenders Electronic Daily by Tunde Tatrai, Gyöngyi Vörösmarty, Peter Juhasz Abstract: The analysis of European public procurement practice is greatly supported by the Tenders Electronic Daily (TED) database. By linking the contract notice and the contract award notice we examine efficiency measures in the public procurement structures and processes. Our study points out that the TED database can only be analysed after comprehensive data cleaning in order to get reliable results. We analyse the basic contexts that can directly support decision-making processes. Based on our findings, procurement value showed significant differences across types of procurer, involvement of a central purchasing body and subject of purchase. Longer contracts usually are of higher value, while EU funding and electronic auction are used for more valuable contracts. The type of process has a close link both to the total value and the duration of the contract, however, open processes dominate the market when choosing the winner for the higher value and longer duration tenders. Keywords: public procurement; Tenders Electronic Daily; TED; efficiency; EU. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10057202 Business ecosystem concept in supply chain management research by Evgeniya Tsytsyna, Katrina Lintukangas, Veli Matti Virolainen Abstract: The concept of a business ecosystem (BE) is gaining attention among scholars in many fields, including supply chain management (SCM) literature. This paper aims to examine the BE concept in SCM literature, reveal research streams and research gaps. By conducting a systematic literature review and a thematic analysis, we revealed eight main research streams: sustainability, digitalisation, ecosystem architecture, collaboration and trust, ecosystem lifecycle, complexity and risks, financial performance and indicators, and services. Topics of sustainability and digitalisation represent the most widely researched BE topics in the SCM literature. The study also revealed significant research gaps, both at the company (micro) level and at the BE and policy (macro) level, that need to be addressed in future studies. The study extends the SCM view beyond the dyadic relationships and opens the possibilities for future research in the field of SCM and BEs. Keywords: business ecosystem; supply chain; network; supply chain management; SCM; sustainability; digitalisation. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10057429 The association of emotional intelligence with academic performance and student employability: a reflection of higher education by Manisha Seth, Athar Mahmood, Ajay Jha, Vimal Kumar Abstract: Several studies have been done to explain emotional intelligence (EI) among students but there is no consensus on its impact on academic performance (AP) and employability. The purpose of the present study is to ascertain the nature of relationships that exists between EI, AP, and the employability of students pursuing higher education. A total of 164 students from various institutes in India took the EI test, and their AP scores and placement performance details were also obtained. The findings depict EI has a significant impact on students’ AP and affects their employability measured in terms of their performance in the placement process. AP has been found to have a significant correlation with the performance of students in the initial phase of the placement process. The findings can be useful in designing placement centric curriculum for management students and giving EI a proper place so that students, prospective employees, and organisations can gain. Keywords: academic performance; emotional intelligence; placement performance; student employability; job placement; mediation. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10057848 Green supply chain management as a strategy to achieve sustainable development: the Tokyo Olympic Games 2020 as a model by Abdelkader Moumeni Abstract: The irrational consumption of energy and natural resources and the high prevalence of waste have resulted in negative impacts on the environment. The need for green and sustainable supply chain management has emerged to rethink the coming threat in the near future by spreading a culture of green consumption. The study aims to shed light on the Tokyo 2020 Olympics as a model for green transformation in the organisation of major international forums and to overcome all obstacles, especially in light of the spread of the Corona virus. The study found that Japan, by adopting GSCM practices (green procurement, green manufacturing, green transportation and distribution, reverse logistics) achieved three benefits of sustainable development (environmental, financial, social) taking advantage of the popularity of the Olympic Games to spread environmental awareness. Keywords: green supply chain management; green procurement; green manufacturing; green transportation and distribution; reverse logistics; Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10058012 Electronic Procurement Adoption in Zimbabwe's Public Sector: Examining the Benefits, Shortcomings and the Critical Success Factors. by Kudakwashe Intauno, Alouis Chilunjika, Leon Poshai Abstract: The Government of Zimbabwe adopted the electronic procurement system (e-procurement) as one of the substantial strategies to revamp public procurement processes and make the public procurement function more transparent and robust. This paper interrogates the dynamics of e-procurement adoption in Zimbabwe through a review of extant literature undertaken to gauge the level of e-procurement preparedness. As such, research papers in journals, books, newspapers, government publications and electronic resources were used to gather data. The paper examines how the lack of political will has hampered the adoption of an e-procurement system in Zimbabwe. In this regard, the paper recommends that there is a need for the Government of Zimbabwe to demonstrate a full commitment to e-procurement adoption by formulating specific e-procurement governing legislation to guide the adoption of an e-procurement system. The paper also recommends that the training of procurement officers is also critical in preparing them to fully utilise the e-procurement system. Keywords: electronic procurement; public sector; efficiency; spending units; unauthorised expenditure; Zimbabwe. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10058054 Unlocking the Keys to Financial Success and Sustainability in Microbusiness: Evidence from Tamil Nadu, India by Bharathithasan S, SakthiSrinivasan K Abstract: Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are one of the fastest growing industrial segments in the world. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the financial performance and sustainability of MSMEs in emerging markets. The aim of this research is to evaluate the impact of technology-based financial services and access to finance of microbusiness in emerging markets. The study gathered information from 391 micro business owners in Tamil Nadu states Vellore, Tiruvannamalai, Kanchipuram, and Tirupathur districts. The findings suggest that financial resource accessibility, access to the market, and adoption of digital tools and technologies are significant factors that affect the monetary sustainability of micro business. The findings suggest that microbusinesses should invest in digital tools, seek financial support, and improve their access to markets to enhance their financial performances and sustainability. Keywords: financial resource; access to the market; digital tools and technologies; financial performances; financial sustainability of microbusiness; FSM. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10058056 Advancements and constraints in the implementation of a government online marketplace in Brazil by Waldemiro Francisco Sorte Junior Abstract: Due to the rapid expansion of online marketplaces, an increasing number of private firms decided to include them in their channel strategy and the creation of a government online marketplace has also been considered by many countries. This article presents a case study conducted in the Brazilian Centralized Procurement Department and has two main purposes. First, it discusses the obstacles to the implementation of a comprehensive government online marketplace in Brazil. Second, it examines two initiatives created by the Brazilian Federal Government that, to some extent, are similar to the concept of an online marketplace. This paper identifies four main obstacles to the creation of such a government marketplace in Brazil: 1) legal constraints; 2) platform design and integration difficulties, especially regarding the government budgetary allocation and payment system; 3) expansion of specialised human resources and infrastructure capacities; 4) development of a price monitoring system. Keywords: Brazil; government marketplace; centralised public procurement; accreditation system; price registration system. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10058207 Conceptualising standard set of bids evaluation criteria for selecting adequate contractor by Rudzani Glen Muthelo, Clinton Aigbavboa, Bankole Awuzie Abstract: Selection of an adequate contractor is undoubtedly crucial to a project’s success. This decision often happens at the bids evaluation stage when the client is afforded an opportunity to award the bid to the competent contractor based on the criteria that eventually fulfils his/her objectives. There is, however, no consensus regarding standardised bid evaluation criteria. The purpose of the current study is to conceptualise a standard set of criteria for evaluating construction bids. A two-stage research approach was used, thus the review of literature to identify the criteria used for contractor selection and secondly the use of survey questionnaire. The nine identified bid evaluation criteria were quality, technical ability, experience, price, financial soundness, management capabilities, health and safety, human resources as well as plant and equipment. Meeting the objectives of the client greatly depend on the usage of standard evaluating criteria for the selection of adequate contractor. Keywords: bids evaluation criteria; contractor selection; decision-making. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10058208 A Review of Green Supply Chain Management in the Pharmaceutical Industry by Vihas Vijay, Sathish Arumbi Saravanan Abstract: This systematic review examines pharmaceutical green supply chain management (GSCM). The Scopus database was used to assess academic publications on GSCM and pharmaceutical applications up to March 2023. GSCM can boost pharmaceutical sector efficiency, sustainability, and environmental effect. GSCM techniques reduced greenhouse gas emissions, water, energy, waste, and environmental pollution. GSCM also improves supplier relationships, regulatory compliance, cost savings, and reputation. The assessment notes that GSCM implementation in the pharmaceutical business must address the complexity of the supply chain in addition to a lack of knowledge and education regarding GSCM. The analysis proposes pharmaceutical companies, suppliers, regulators, and consumers must work together to address these issues. Lastly, the review calls for more research on the effectiveness of GSCM practices in diverse areas and circumstances and the part that technological advancement and creative thinking play in ensuring its successful implementation. Keywords: green supply chain management; GSCM; pharmaceutical industry; sustainability; environmental impact; supply chain optimisation; trends. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10058479 We versus you: exploring the extent of gendered language in purchasing and supply management job advertisements by Stephen Kelly, Nina Hasche, Vojt?ch Klézl, Donna Marshall, Klaas Stek Abstract: This paper explores the use of gendered language in purchasing and supply management job advertisements across three English-speaking countries. We use secondary data from a global job advertisement website to analyse the extent to which gendered language is used. We explore if agentic, traditional masculine wording, or communal, traditional feminine wording, is used at different hierarchical levels of advertising for purchasing and supply management jobs. Our findings show that there is no significant evidence of a glass-ceiling effect. However, there may be evidence of a sticky-floor effect due to the communal language used in the assistant buyer and buyer job advertisements, which decreases significantly at higher levels. Agentic language use remained constant across the levels. We also found that certain agentic words are more often featured in senior-level advertisements. Keywords: job advertisements; female; women; gender issues; gendered language; purchasing; supply management. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10058501 Impact of Capital Budgeting Techniques for Investment Decisions on Optimizing Cost, in light of Implementing (MRP II) Systems; Evidence from Jordan by Ziyad Shwiyat, Ashraf Bataineh, Nader Aljawarneh, Omar Al-Bataineh Abstract: The study aims to measure impact of using capital budgeting practices for investment decisions on cost optimisation; in light of implementing manufacturing resource planning (MRPII) systems at the Jordanian industrial shareholding companies. Researchers developed a questionnaire that covered all study variables to achieve objectives and applied it on 35 industrial companies. Researchers distributed 140 questionnaires on companies' employees within the analysis unit (financial managers, accounting heads of departments, accountants, and internal control managers), and analysed study data using the appropriate statistical methods within PLS-4 software. Results showed that Jordanian industrial companies used capital budgeting techniques for investment decisions and had a significant impact on cost optimisation; in light of implementing MRPII systems. Results also showed that independent project decisions were the most used techniques while replacement decisions were the least used in these companies. The study recommended motivating Jordanian industrial companies to use techniques of capital budgeting more often whenever making capital investment decisions, as well as training accountants on using these techniques with increasing the interest of industrial companies on using modern manufacturing systems, such as MRPII due to its direct and indirect impact on improving costs to reach the competitive advantage of companies. Keywords: capital budgeting practices; cost optimisation; investment decisions; manufacturing resource planning systems; MRPII; Jordan. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10058604 Vague Concepts and Issue Washing: Women's Empowerment in Fashion Supply Chains by Eva Marina Guerra Scheiwiller, Hakan Karaosman, Donna Marshall Abstract: This paper explores women's empowerment in fashion supply chains, providing a definition and an analysis of women's empowerment reporting by major fashion brands. Using a systematic literature review, we identified 45 articles on women's empowerment in supply chains and developed a theoretical framework. We applied the framework to seven multinational fashion groups and analysed their communication materials over five years. Women's empowerment programs, initiatives and actions are not aligned with women's empowerment definitions. To operationalise women's empowerment within supply chains, women workers must be able to procure leadership positions and have the opportunity to intervene in the decision-making process where local, cultural, and social contexts are considered. We provide insights into women's empowerment including, the need for a consistent definition and the first steps to develop a framework towards women's empowerment in fashion supply chains while also identifying the drivers, impeders, enablers and outcomes of women's empowerment in supply chains. Keywords: supply chain management; SCM; women's empowerment; gender issues; fashion industry; systematic literature review ; SLR. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10058814 Electre or Promethee? Lesson learnt from a case study in supplier selection by Elia Oey, Jason Lim Abstract: One of the classic multi criteria decision making (MCDM) applications is supplier selection. To assist decision makers in ensuring the final ranking is robust enough, a robust outranking technique is required. The study looked into a case study in supplier selection analysis, using a first affinity diagram workshop to generate a thorough set of criteria, after which the global weight was computed using an analytical hierarchy procedure. After that, the outranking of four suppliers was calculated and compared using both PROMETHEE II and a modified ELECTRE I. The sensitivity of both techniques was then tested using seven scenarios. Our findings reveal that, while the ranking for the base case is identical for both PROMETHEE and ELECTRE, the latter is less susceptible to weight adjustments. Keywords: analytical hierarchical process; AHP; ELECTRE; PROMETHEE; supplier selection; sensitivity analysis; multi criteria decision making; MCDM. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10059080 Procurement system selection in the construction sector: A literature review and future research agenda for the digital age by Nan Zhao, Fei Ying, John Tookey Abstract: Recognising the importance of selecting a suitable procurement system, interest in procurement system selection has drawn immense attention in the construction sector. Despite the advanced decision supporting techniques and advocation of the importance of utilising PSS in the literature, PSS implementation appears to be at the nascent stage, with extant studies too fragmented to reveal the practical implications. This paper provides a holistic picture of existing research and identifies future research agenda in procurement system selection (PSS) within the context of construction engineering and management (CEM). An extensive literature review of a total of 198 peer-reviewed journal papers, using a mixed quantitative and qualitative method for integration and analysis, is carried out to shed light on the trend to explore collaborative procurements. Accordingly, a research framework with action points at industry, organisation, and project levels is proposed. Keywords: procurement system selection; PSS; bibliometric analysis; construction engineering and management; CEM. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10059153 Fuzzy Optimization for Economic ordered quantity model with stock-dependent demand and Nonlinear holding cost by Anubhav Pratap Singh, Sahedev K, Shikha Bhandari, Anand Chauhan Abstract: Effective inventory management process in the food industry is essential for running a profitable food business. Stock control helps keep costs of goods sold and losses associated with food waste to a minimum while assuring that each customer is consuming fresh, quality food. This study explores uncertain prospects of the economic order quantity model in which demand and holding costs are stock dependent, and the proposed model is applicable for both shortages and partial backlogged. Presence of uncertainty in various aspects of food industries, the fuzzy approach with a trapezoidal fuzzy number has been developed and solved by the graded mean integration. This study established an appropriate number of orders and level of inventory. so that the overall profit/unit time of the retailer is maximised. Numerical example and sensitivity analysis, performed to check the model’s stability, which is observed to be quite stable. Keywords: optimisation; economic order quantity; EOQ; stock-dependent demand; nonlinear holding cost; trapezoidal fuzzy number; graded mean integration method. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10059228 Electronic Procurement Practices and Performance: the Role of Institutional Quality by Isaac Tetteh Charnor, Evelyn Y. Nyamah, Anokye M. Adam, Edmond Yeboah Nyamah, Evelyn Kukuwa Quartey Abstract: This study examines the effect of electronic procurement practices, institutional quality, and procurement performance of public entities. The positivist paradigm and the explanatory research approach guided the study. Primary data were gathered from public entities through structured questionnaires and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study established that electronic procurement practices positively and significantly enhance procurement performance. Also, the findings revealed a negative and insignificant effect between institutional quality and procurement performance. Lastly, institutional quality positively and significantly moderates the relationship between electronic procurement practices and procurement performance. The study recommends strong systems and control mechanisms to ensure compliance with the electronic procurement process to help prevent procurement irregularities and enhance procurement transparency, efficiency and effectiveness. Keywords: electronic procurement practices; procurement performance; institutional quality; institutional theory; public procurement. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10059281 Antecedents of Hidden Action Problems in the Egyptian Automobile Insurance Market: Buyer-Supplier Relationship Perspective by Eslam Thabet, Nazaré Rego, Arnt Buvik Abstract: This paper explores the impact of asymmetric information in an exchange relationship involving pre-screening by insurers, trust, and self-protection provided by different kinds of contracts on hidden action problems in the Egyptian automobile insurance market from two major theoretical perspectives: principle-agent theory and relational-contracting theory. Survey data on 63 relationships between insurers and business policyholders were analysed, demonstrating that asymmetric information is one of the main antecedents of hidden action problems by policyholders. The level of trust between insurers and policyholders, and the level of pre-screening of insurers attenuate hidden action problems by policyholders. Moreover, the study reveals that self-protection attenuates hidden actions more effectively if a co-payment automobile insurance contract is at stake than if a deductible contract was signed. Finally, revealing the dark side of buyer-supplier relationships in insurance confirms the necessity for policyholders to disclose the information of whether they engage in self-protecting actions or not. Keywords: hidden actions; dark side; opportunism; buyer-supplier relationship; BSR; asymmetric information; co-payment contract. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10059377 Application of an Integrated TOPSIS-FTOPSIS Approach in Prioritization of Delay Factors in Construction Projects by Shiva Mansoorzadeh, Masoud Rahiminezhad Galankashi Abstract: Although the concept of delay management and related tools and techniques has been vastly investigated in project management, they are less examined with proper multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) tools. In addition, as decision makers prefer to provide their judgements in fuzzy environments, it is recommended to combine MCDM with fuzzy logic. To fill this gap, this research applied probability of occurrence, loss intensity, and probability of control as decision making criteria to rank delay factors of construction projects. A potential list of 15 delay factors was extracted from previous literature. Following, a TOPSIS-fuzzy TOPSIS approach is applied to rank delay factors of construction projects. The results show that delay in following up issues and making correct decisions by the employer, delay in payment of salaries of employees, personnel and subcontractors, and delay in payment of status statement by the employer are the most important causes of delay in construction projects. Keywords: construction projects; delay; TOPSIS; fuzzy TOPSIS; multi-criteria decision making; MCDM; fuzzy MCDM. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10059427 COVID-19 and Listed Firms' Performance under Moderating Role of Ownership in Vietnam by Kim Quoc Trung NGUYEN Abstract: This paper aims to examine the effect of COVID-19 on listed firms' performance in Vietnam from 2012 to 2022, which is moderated by ownership. Significantly the study enhances the extant literature by using agency theory and real options theory to explore the impact of COVID-19 on the firms' performance (in uncertain conditions). Considerably, the study also highlights the moderating role of ownership in the COVID-19 and performance relationship. Using a quantitative research method (the feasible generalized least squares method-FGLS), the findings show that the following variables are statistically significant at 5%: COVID-19, ownership, firm size, inflation rate, and an interaction term. The current findings have filled the research gap in the context of Vietnam during the pandemic by demonstrating the positive relationship between the pandemic and performance through the role of the moderator factor. Keywords: COVID-19; firm's performance; listed firms; moderating factor; ownership; Vietnam. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10059632 Unveiling the Dynamics of Residential Satisfaction in Surat's Low-Cost Housing Communities by Gopal Goswami, Hemantkumar P. Bulsara Abstract: The concept of residential satisfaction is multifaceted and encompasses various aspects contributing to the overall well-being and contentment of individuals residing in low-cost housing. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing residential satisfaction among low-cost housing residents, including dwelling characteristics, support services, accessibility to facilities, and the social environment. The research emphasises the importance of housing features such as adequate living space, structural quality, and amenities, along with integrated support services tailored to the diverse needs of residents. These housing qualities are highlighted as significant findings in the research. Additionally, the study underscores the value of access to essential facilities like public transportation, retail outlets, and educational institutions, as well as the role of the social environment in fostering community engagement, social support, and safety. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the factors shaping residential happiness in low-cost housing communities, providing valuable insights for policymakers and housing providers in developing sustainable and inclusive housing solutions. Keywords: residential satisfaction; housing characteristics; support services; accessibility; social environment; public low-cost housing; Indian housing schemes; PMAY. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10059701 Healthcare supply chains: critical supplies during the pandemic by Amelia Carr Abstract: This study seeks to gain an understanding of the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the healthcare supply chains. The study examines six healthcare systems located in the USA. The relevant literature is reviewed on strategic sourcing, supply management, cost management, and healthcare supply chain preparedness. Comparisons of how COVID-19 pandemic affected the different healthcare systems are presented along with propositions. The study includes interviews with supply management representatives in each of the healthcare systems to shed light on their organisations’ response to the pandemic. This study identifies common and unique aspects of how the pandemic affected the healthcare systems. Strategic sourcing and developing appropriate relationships are identified as important contributors to the success of healthcare systems in obtaining critical supplies. Information technology and flexible cost management are also suggested to be important to the success of the healthcare supply chain during a crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic. Keywords: case study; healthcare supply chain; COVID-19 pandemic; critical supplies. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10059885 RPA software package selection for a reverse supply chain organization - A fuzzy MCDM approach. by Kiran K. John, Jeyapaul. R Abstract: Effective implementation of robotic process automation (RPA) software packages has become a significant technological concern in business process automation projects. For handling repetitive tasks involving information flows, RPA can be regarded as a potential solution. In the case of supply chain organisations, appropriate management of information flow is as vital as that of appropriate product flow. RPA software bots can be developed and deployed to manage such information flows. However, the selection of an appropriate RPA software is a necessary process. The RPA software selection can be formulated as a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. This article presents an MCDM approach using fuzzy simplified pivot pairwise relative criteria importance assessment (F-S-PIPRECIA) and fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (F-TOPSIS). F-S-PIPRECIA method is utilised to obtain the weights of selection criteria, and F-TOPSIS is utilised to get the final ranking of RPA software packages for the reverse supply chain organisation. The presented MCDM approach aims to help industrial decision-makers to select an appropriate RPA software package with systematic steps. Keywords: RPA software; MCDM; fuzzy simplified PIPRECIA; fuzzy TOPSIS. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10059908 An Empirical Study on the Implementation of Green Supply Chain Management and its Impact on the Sustainability of Organizational Growth by Khaja Khan Pathan, Geeta Kesavaraj Abstract: The supply chain has to be managed effectively such that the organisation yields maximum productivity and profitability. Besides the appropriate management of the supply chain, it is also important to maintain environmental sustainability through the implementation of eco-friendly supply chain management techniques. The supply chain management is influenced by not only the organisations and its employees, but also by the dealers, distributors, suppliers and also the consumers. In case the supply chain fails during the process of any stage in between, this might have an impact on the socio-environment, leading to cause an impact on the organisation performance and sustainability. This research is focused on the study of barriers to implement green supply chain management (GSCM) and the effects of implementing GSCM in an organisation. Keywords: green supply chain management; GSCM; organisation; business growth; sustainability. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10059949 Implementation of vendor managed inventory in hospitals: an empirical investigation by Manish Mohan Baral, Subhodeep Mukherjee, Ramji Nagariya, Venkataiah Chittipaka Abstract: The research aims to determine critical success components for implementing the vendor-managed inventory (VMI) and test their influence on the inventory in Indian hospitals. The independent and dependent components of the research are identified from the extensive literature review. The independent variables are top management commitment, supply chain strategy, business process integration, continuous improvement, resource sharing, and information technologies adoption. The dependent variable identified is the adoption of vendor-managed inventory. The study results suggest that the proposed latent variables significantly impact the VMI and significantly contribute to VMIs implementation and sustainability. The study highlights the importance of VMI in Indian hospitals, and therefore, it will help the management focus on the VMI for enhanced operational efficiency. Previous studies have not empirically tested the impact of the suggested practices for VMI in Indian hospitals. The analysis would help evaluate VMI adoption in Indian hospitals. Keywords: vendor-managed inventory; VMI; critical success components; hospitals; structural equation modelling; SEM. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10060083 Procurement 4.0: a survey of its principles and technologies in use by Robson Elias Bueno, Berislav Andrli?, Rodrigo Franco Gonçalves Abstract: This work addresses the 4.0 evolution and its digital technologies and their impacts on the digital transformation of the business, as well as the digitisation in the procurement area of companies. This paper aims to find the enabling principles and technologies of Industry 4.0 in the procurement area. We present a model of Procurement 4.0 dimensions, theoretically constructed, and we seek to confirm this model through a survey conducted with 177 professionals in the procurement area from various sectors. Through the research, it was also possible to address the aspect of professionals who work with this innovative technological scenario, and some of the technologies of Industry 4.0. The main result could confirm the Procurement 4.0 conceptual model with the dimensions: skills, management, partnerships, processes, systems/technologies, and sustainability, that guide and can supply a better understanding for implementing Industry 4.0 technologies in the procurement area. Keywords: Procurement 4.0; Industry 4.0; procurement technologies; procurement evolution; procurement sustainability. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10060111 Public Procurement Reforms in The United Arab Emirates by Karem Aboelazm Abstract: This study deals with several concepts: centralised public procurement, decentralised public procurement, e-public procurement, and sustainable public procurement. It also explains the advantages and disadvantages of centralised and decentralised public procurement, the benefits of e-procurement in the UAE at the central and decentralised level, and its advantages in combating corruption. The study also illustrates the sustainable public procurement framework in the UAE with its three environmental, social, and economic dimensions. The study relied on descriptive and analytical approaches. It reached several results, the most important of which is that the centralised system at the federal level contributes to reducing public spending. The decentralised system contributes to the speed of meeting the needs of local administrations. It also achieved several positive results from applying the centralised and decentralised e-procurement system, which reduces corruption, and public spending on public procurement simplifies procedures and saves time and effort. The study also found that sustainability in public procurement achieves several social, economic, and environmental benefits. Keywords: public procurement; sustainable public procurement; e-public procurement; centralisation; decentralisation; UAE. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10060187 The Influencing Factors of Sustainable Procurement Category Management Process in the MSMEs in the State of Tamil Nadu, India: Using PRISMA and AHP. by Sadhik Mohamed Saliah, Santhirasegaran Natrarajan, Lim Kong Teong Abstract: India's strong backbones are micro, small, and medium-scale industries (MSMEs), which contribute significantly to the country's economy and Tamilnadu's industrial growth, a state located in the south part of India. MSMEs create employment opportunities at a high rate and have lower capital costs compared to large-scale industries. However, they still face challenges in adopting new systems and processes in the supply chain. The stakeholders of MSMEs require prioritisation of the possible processes and systems, making them ready for the sustainable acquisition process. A literature review using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) was conducted to identify the most critical influencing factors for sustainable procurement category management and applied an analytical hierarchical process (AHP) which resulted cost factor weight at 0.60, organisational strategic capability weight at 0.18, stakeholder relationship weight at 0.14 and the least priority of financial capability at 0.09. This study is reached its objective of prioritising the initiatives which support in adopting set of sustainable procurement category management. Additionally, presented important elements intended to evaluate the sustainable procurement category management. These measures are absolutely necessary in order to guarantee that MSMEs will keep providing assistance on both the national and state levels. Keywords: procurement category management; sustainable sourcing; PRISMA; analytical hierarchical process; AHP; MSME industries; Tamil Nadu; cost; stakeholder relationship. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10060308 Facilities management service requirements for social housing in the semi-arid climate of Nigeria by Mala Ali Modu, Maimunah Sapri, Zafirah A. Ab Muin Abstract: This paper examines the facilities management service requirements for social housing occupants within the semi-arid climate of Nigeria. Data collection was through self-administered questionnaires sent to 1,032 occupants in five purposely selected social housing estates in Maiduguri, a town in the Semi-arid Climate of Nigeria. The cross-sectional survey achieved a total response rate of 92.5%. The statistical model employed in analysing data was Pearson’s chi-square test and relative importance indices using Stata v. 13.0. The findings indicated the most required facilities management services in social housing within the semi-arid climate are maintenance of infrastructural facilities, building structures maintenance, wind-breaking and landscaping services, alteration and improvements maintenance services, provision of housekeeping services and adequate water, electricity supply and green space services in order of importance. The study, therefore, underscores the need for adequate funding and a well-designed FM strategy to guide toward service delivery under the agreed service level. Keywords: facilities management; facilities management services; FM services,;facilities management service requirements; FM service requirements; social housing; semi-arid climate; Maiduguri; Nigeria. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10060358 Retrospective Analysis of International Journal of Procurement Management (2007-2021) by Santosh Baheti, Amalanathan S, Sriram M Abstract: International Journal of Procurement Management (IJPM) is a journal of international repute that publishes original and peer-reviewed research in the business, management, and accounting domain. The journal reached its 15th year of publishing in 2021. This study provides a comprehensive overview of 456 publications using the bibliometric data analysis technique. The study focuses on the contribution of IJPM to the knowledge domain through publishing trends, authorship patterns, dominant authors, prominent articles, nature of studies, and thematic analysis. Co-occurrence of all keywords, co-authorship, citation and co-citation analysis of authors, countries, and institutions is performed through VOS Viewer software. The findings of the study emphasise the relationship of IJPM to different fields. The analysis also provides key insights into the evolution of the domain over time. Keywords: bibliometrics; Scopus; inventory management; VOS viewer. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10060411 The Assessment of Filed Bankruptcy of a Retail Giant Store by Reena Agrawal, Rohit Raj, Ajay Jha, Vimal Kumar Abstract: This study explored the financial indicators that were left unchecked and uncontrolled by Stage Store, Inc. from 2014 until 2019. An exploratory study was done using the secondary data collected from Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) website. An in-depth analysis was done to assess the profitability, liquidity, operational efficiency, and solvency of the organisation during the said period. This study identified a total of nine alarming signs that were neglected or missed by the company and thus proved to be fatal. In this research, we found that Stage Store's financial performance demonstrated plenty of alarming indicators which were ignored by the company. Right from growth in sales, return on assets, profit margin, cash position, and return on equity remained worrisome while there was an increase in the company's long-term debt obligations. Whether or not the organisation can cope and rebuild in a post-pandemic world, is to be explored. Keywords: financial performance; financial analysis; financial distress; financial bankruptcy. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10060545 The Impact of the enablers of Green Suppliers Selection and Procurement on Supply Chain Performance by Xueting Gong, Imran Zaman, Syed Ahsan Zaman, Sherbaz Khan, Sharfuddin Ahmed Khan Abstract: The selection of environmentally-friendly suppliers, a critical aspect of supply chain performance, is vital for businesses striving to retain their competitive edge as they increasingly outsource tasks. With growing public concern for environmental protection in recent decades, strategies focusing on green supplier selection and procurement have gained traction. Although numerous studies discuss green supplier selection based on economic criteria, the field of environmental research remains nascent. This research offers an in-depth analysis of supply chain performance, green supplier selection, and overall procurement strategies from both economic and ecological viewpoints. Through a literature review and the grey DEMATEL method, we pinpoint the key factors influencing procurement, green supplier selection, and supply chain performance. Our literature assessment identifies the main elements that enhance supply chain performance, and these findings are further confirmed by expert input. By addressing gaps in current models of procurement and green supplier selection, this study advances decision-making theory. Our findings reveal that our proposed model, which accounts for the intricacies of supply chain performance and the uncertainties in expert feedback, offers an effective solution to the challenges of procurement and green supplier selection. Keywords: procurement; green supplier selection; supply chain performance; grey DEMATEL. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10060720 Exploring the Antecedents and Implications of Data-Driven Decision-Making in Public Procurement by Jan Ole Similä, Deodat Mwesiumo, Marius Langseth, Moutaz Haddara Abstract: This paper explores the relationships among factors linked to data-driven decisions in public procurement and assesses the effects of such decisions on procurement performance. Grounded in existing literature and the strategy-structure-performance paradigm, the study analyses data from 196 public procurement organisations in Norway using structural equation modelling. Results confirm all four proposed hypotheses, emphasising the significant role of digital motivation in setting precise digitalisation objectives in public procurement. Establishing these goals positively impacts organisational structure development, crucial for data-driven decisions, leading to improved performance. This research deepens the understanding of public procurement performance, revealing processes that connect digitalisation motivation to increased efficiency and effectiveness. It offers insights for policymakers and procurement entities on fostering data-driven strategies, aiding in strategic planning and the application of efficient tools for data-driven decision-making, thus ensuring optimised public resource use. Keywords: public procurement; data-driven decision-making; structural relationships; structural equation modelling; digital motivation; digitalisation goals; procurement performance. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10060738 The effect of e-leadership on employee performance: the mediating role of elasticity workplace by Riedel Paulus Jacobis, Raden Andi Sularso, Imam Suroso, Elok Sri Utami Abstract: This research aims to examine the effect of e-leadership on employee performance through the elasticity workplace as a mediating variable. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires to 97 employees who work as village professional assistants in Bolaang Mongondow Raya Regency. In this explanatory research, the collected data is processed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) analysis techniques with SmartPLS 3.2.9 software. The results showed that e-leadership has a significant effect on the elasticity workplace. This implies that if the leader can utilise technology and information properly, the elasticity workplace system will run optimally. Furthermore, e-leadership has a significant positive effect on employee performance, which shows that it will be maximised if the leader carries the leadership function adequately irrespective of their destination. This research implies that the elasticity workplace work system significantly affects employee performance due to the ability to work from anywhere and anytime. Keywords: e-leadership; elasticity workplace; teleworking; non-physical work environment on performance; employee performance. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10050811 Competitive strategy, organisational capabilities, industry structure and marketing performance by Majid Mohammad Shafiee Abstract: This study aims to analyse the relationships between industry structure as an uncontrollable external factor and organisational capabilities as a controllable internal factor with competitive strategy, and its impact on the buyers' attitudes. The qualitative stage of the research involves interviewing managers and active advisors involved in the television industry, while in the quantitative stage, marketing experts and TV sellers in selected stores were interviewed. The required data was collected by questionnaires and was administered from among a statistical sample of 473 individuals. The data was then analysed via partial least squares structural equation modelling approach. The findings show a significant positive relationship between the aforementioned variables. In particular, by harmonising a strategy, which complies with the industry structure and organisational capabilities, a unique strategy can lead the organisation to competitive advantage that reflects specific circumstances in the organisation and can exert the most effective impact on a buyer's evaluations. Keywords: marketing performance; competitive advantage; industry structure; competitive strategy; organisational capabilities; television industry; marketing mix. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10051043 The prevalence of stress and anxiety level among working employees in different service sectors during pandemic by Pratima Verma, Vimal Kumar, Sumanjeet Singh, Ankesh Mittal, Tanmoy De, Mohit Rishi Abstract: The present study addresses the stress and anxiety of COVID-19 among employees of service sector organisations in India. A survey of 539 employees from six different service sector organisations such as banking organisations, insurance organisations, educational organisations, healthcare organisations, hospitality and tourism organisation, and telecommunication organisations located in India was carried out during the COVID-19 outbreak. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlation analysis methods have been applied to distinguish and measure the stress and anxiety in these six organisations. The findings of this study show that organisations in the education sector have high levels of psychological stress, financial stress, and anxiety during pandemics, whereas those in the banking industry had lower levels. According to the findings, the employees should make a plan to get rid of their stress and anxiety in order to be safe. It also intends to expand on the study's novel contributions to streamline the operations. Keywords: COVID-19; financial stress; psychological stress; anxiety; service sectors; India. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10051450 A systematic review and scientometric analysis of the driving factors of eco-innovation: trends and future research by Khalid Mady, Reda Shaker Abdelkareem, Muhammad Abi Sofian Abdul Halim, Khatijah Omar, Tamer Elsheikh Abstract: The present study has systematically reviewed selected existing literature addressing the drivers of eco-innovation to gain an in-depth understanding of the driving factors of eco-innovation. Using the Scopus and Web of Science platforms, 65 articles were selected and examined. A scientometric analysis was conducted to redefine and visualise the existing trends and future research on eco-innovation drivers using the VOSviewer software application. The analysis showed that eco-innovation driving factors were classified into six main drivers. This study has provided the existing body of knowledge with further research which could be conducted on drivers of eco-innovation, such as strategic environmental orientation and normative pressure. The findings of this paper will be valuable for policymakers, practitioners and firms' managers as the present research has developed an in-depth understanding of the driving factors of eco-innovation that can develop their eco-innovation strategies. Keywords: eco-innovation; eco-innovation drivers; systematic review; scientometric analysis. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10051481 Development of machine learning models for categorisation of Nigerian Government's procurement spending to UNSPSC procurement taxonomy by Bello Abdullahi, Yahaya Makarfi Ibrahim, Ahmed Doko Ibrahim, Kabir Bala, Yusuf Ibrahim, Muhammad Aliyu Yamusa Abstract: Public procurement spending in Nigeria are usually documented and presented in non-standardised formats. This manifests in spends categorisation and classification inefficiencies. To address this, this research uses natural language processing (NLP) to classify the government's procurement spending based on the United Nations Standard for Product and Service Code (UNSPSC) procurement taxonomy. This research developed a machine learning model for the classification of procurement spending to the UNSPSC commodity level. The dataset was obtained from federal procuring entities. TF-IDF was used to transform them into NLP features. Multiple machine learning algorithms were employed to develop the classification model. The best performing algorithm is SVM with a 93% and 92% accuracy under the train-test split and k-fold cross-validation respectively. The higher level of accuracies obtained for many of the algorithms mean that the model can be practically deployed for the classification of the procurement spending based on UNSPSC standard procurement taxonomy. Keywords: government spending; procurement; classification; machine learning; natural language processing; NLP. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2023.10056755 Optimal pricing and advertisement with allowable shortages for non-instantaneous deteriorating items under inflation and trade credit by Chirag R. Trivedi, Mrudul Y. Jani, D.C. Joshi, Manish R. Betheja Abstract: In recent business transactions, the policy of trade credit is usually used to improve product demand and maximise revenue by earning interest. Furthermore, advertisement is a tool that assists the retailer in attracting more consumers. Moreover, demand for products varies depending on the price and while managing inventory most important thing is product deterioration. The current time value of price is calculated at constant inflation rate. The following points are considered: 1) trade credit policy between supplier and retailer; 2) the product demand depends on sales price and advertisement; 3) the product deterioration is non-instantaneous; 4) the current time value of money is calculated at constant inflation rate, and shortages are allowed. The main aim to find the optimality of total profit function with respect to cycle time inventory vanish time, sales price, and frequency of advertisement. A sensitivity analysis of significant parameters and some important managerial implications are analysed. Keywords: advertisement; inflation; non-instantaneous deterioration; pricing; shortages; trade credit policy. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10051989 Sustainable procurement: social clauses and CSR impacts from a highway perspective by Robert Eadie, Ruairi Bradley, Martina Murphy, Ventsislav Stoyanov Abstract: Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is embedded in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. This indicates the importance of the social responsibility aspects of highway construction contracts contributing to the decarbonisation agenda. Social clauses and CSR in the highway sector has little published literature. A structured survey collected data from all consultants and contractors awarded highway construction design and construction contracts in Northern Ireland with only one non-response. Quantitative and qualitative data on existing social clauses from a consultant and contractor perspective was compared. Findings indicate government social clauses did not have a strong effect on decarbonisation thus, it requires more work. The impact of adding additional clauses from the EU green deal should be implemented alongside existing clause elements in both Bulgaria and the UK. Differences in priorities from a consultant and contractor perspective were proven suggesting bespoke CSR clauses are required. Case study indicates many positive requiring retention. Keywords: highways; procurement; corporate social responsibility; CSR; sustainable development goals. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2022.10051926 |
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