International Journal of Power Electronics (13 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• Transforming cyber security in modern power grids: the synergistic application of complex recurrent spectral network to address vulnerabilities and ensure resilience  
  by Lalit Kumar Wadhwa, Prasad Baban Dhore, Atul B. Kathole, Vinod V. Kimbahune, Pooja A. Bagane, Amita Sanjiv Mirge 
  Abstract: This paper proposes transforming cyber security in modern power grids through the synergistic application of complex recurrent spectral network to address vulnerabilities and ensure resilience (TCS-MPG-CRSN) to address cyber threats in power grids. It utilises an adaptive two-stage unscented Kalman filter (ATSUKF) for data quality assessment, cleaning, and normalisation. The pre-processed data is fed into the complex recurrent spectral network (CRSN) for identifying and classifying cyber-attacks. The TCS-MPG-CRSN model was implemented in Python achieved, 20.77%, 34.55%, and 26.11% higher accuracy, 33.47%, 24.55%, and 22.18% higher precision, and 19.22%, 14.39%, and 24.66% higher recall compared to cyber-security in power systems using meta-heuristic and deep learning algorithms (CS-PS-ANN), classification of intrusion cyber-attacks in smart power grids using deep ensemble learning with metaheuristic-based optimisation (ICA-SPG-GWO), and attack graph model for cyber-physical power systems using hybrid deep learning (AGM-CPPS-DCNN).
  Keywords: adaptive two-stage unscented Kalman filter; complex recurrent spectral network; cyber-attack; smart grid; cyber security; modern power grids; attack classification.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10072792
   
  
• Implementation of a power management scheme for PV and battery fed single capacitor-based multi-input converter  
  by Parinita Mondal, Jayati Dey, Tapas Kumar Saha 
  Abstract: This work develops a PV and battery-operated hybrid power management scheme (HPMS) through a single capacitor-based multi-input converter (SCMIC). The proposed SCMIC integrates the PV and the battery of two different voltage levels through unidirectional and bidirectional circuital arrangements, respectively. The output DC link voltage is maintained at a steady reference level by controlling the discharging and charging operation of the battery, which successfully balances the power difference between the load and the available maximum power from the PV. The mathematical modelling of the proposed converter is developed in this work. A power management and control architecture is designed to meet the objectives of PV MPPT and the bidirectional power flow operation of the battery. The proposed system is implemented in simulation and real-time environments under several scenarios. The simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed system in all the operating conditions. The real-time performance of the system validates its simulation counterparts.
  Keywords: single-capacitor-based multi-input converter; SCMIC; PV MPPT; battery charging; hybrid power management scheme; HPMS; transient performance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10073344
   
  
• Dynamic analysis of quasi-Z-source converters considering parasitic elements  
  by Gholamreza Shahabadi, Majid Reza Naseh, Fatemeh Bidar 
  Abstract: In this study, the Quasi-Z-Source converter (QZSC) has been investigated, accounting for all parasitic elements in inductors, capacitors, and semiconductor components. The mathematical model and operational mode of the QZSC have been selected based on the state-space averaging method and continuous conduction mode. The dynamic behavior of the system is examined using computational simulations, and the findings are presented through frequency response and pole-zero diagrams. The impact of the parasitic resistance of the inductor and capacitor on the gain of the QZSC has also been examined. Finally, the results of the simulations conducted with MATLAB software are presented to confirm the theoretical findings.
  Keywords: Z-source-converter; quasi-Z-source-converter; small-signal model.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10073646
   
  
• A fast and chattering-free robust regulation tactic for permanent magnet synchronous motor drive systems based on a novel sliding mode reaching law  
  by Zhaiaibai Ma, Ye Wang 
  Abstract: This paper proposes a robust speed control strategy for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drive systems, addressing common issues in traditional Sliding Mode Control (SMC) such as chattering and slow convergence. A Novel Sliding Mode Reaching Law (NSMRL) is introduced, based on system state variables and a power-modulated sliding surface term, constrained by the absolute value of the switching function. The proposed law, in two forms, significantly reduces chattering while enhancing convergence speed. To further improve disturbance rejection, an Extended State Observer (ESO) is employed to estimate external disturbances and provide adaptive feedforward compensation. The stability of the integrated NSMRL-ESO control structure is verified through Lyapunov theory. Experimental results under both steady-state (step input) and transient (ramp input) conditions demonstrate superior performance over conventional SMC in terms of convergence speed, tracking accuracy, current smoothness, and robustness to load variations, making it suitable for high-performance PMSM applications.
  Keywords: permanent magnet synchronous motor; PMSM; speed control; torque estimation; accuracy; sliding mode observers; SMO; sliding mode control; SMC.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10073690
   
  
• Model validation of double phase fault in pentagon connected FPIM through simulation and experimentation  
  by Jahera Shaik, R. Chudamani  
  Abstract: This research article dispenses a simulation validation as well as an experimental validation to a mathematical procedure proposed to model a double phase fault (DPF) in a five-phase induction machine (FPIM) operating in stator configurations specifically for pentagon. This proactive methodology makes it possible to test the machinery in a non-destructive way. This mathematical procedure involves the computation of the voltages across the open circuited phases in a double phase fault. The multi-phase induction machines present numerous advantages in comparison to their three-phase counterparts, such as reduced torque ripple, fault-tolerant capability etc. In this work, one of these features, fault-tolerant capability which makes multi-phase systems more approachable, is explicated under a defined scenario i.e., double phase fault. A double phase open circuited condition has two possibilities, adjacent double phase fault (ADPF) and non-adjacent double phase fault (NADPF). To begin with, a steady state model of FPIM operating under DPF is developed in stationary reference frame. The mathematical model using this approach is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink®and the results are exhaustively discussed. Further, the proposed model is experimentally verified using a laboratory prototype of 1.5 HP FPIM using dSPACE DS1104 and the results obtained are in concordance with those of simulation results.
  Keywords: five phase induction machine; pentagon connection; adjacent and non-adjacent double phase fault; model validation; torque ripple; fault current analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10073691
   
  
• Fault diagnosis method for power grid transformers by integrating improved AFSA and radial basis function network  
  by Man Xie, Limin Liu 
  Abstract: Power grid transformers are vital for stable power supply, and their failure can disrupt grid operations. Accurate fault diagnosis is essential to ensure reliability. This study proposes an improved artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA) for transformer fault diagnosis, integrating radial basis function networks (RBFN) and kernel limit learning models to enhance accuracy. The method processes transformer data more effectively, reducing diagnosis errors by 0.014-0.029 compared to standalone RBFN. Fusion models achieved 4.9%-5.9% higher accuracy than RBFN alone. Notably, it excelled in gas concentration prediction, achieving zero deviation for C₂H₂. The results demonstrate superior performance over traditional methods, significantly improving fault diagnosis precision. This approach offers valuable guidance for maintaining transformer reliability in power grids.
  Keywords: improved AFSA; radial basis function network; power grid transformer; fault diagnosis; FD; gas prediction; GP.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10073751
   
  
• Development and implementation of novel solid-state transformer for future smart microgrid  
  by Nilesh Chothani, Dharmesh Patel, Swapnil Kumar 
  Abstract: Electrical transformers perform an imperative duty concerning bidirectional power flow and system flexibility. The progression of solid-state controllable devices, such as converters and inverters and the employment of power electronics in power systems have solved many issues in the present distribution network. Nowadays, solid-state transformers (SST) are replacing electromagnetic transformers by improving power quality and providing controllable features with distributed energy resources (DERs). This article presents the design and implementation of SST considering current and voltage control methods. The architecture of SST is developed with functionality such as regulation of voltage, control of current, solving issues of power quality and easy integration of DERs/EVs. AC-DC PWM-based boost rectifier stage, DC-DC dual active bridge with single phase shift control (SPS), and DC to AC inverter stage with space vector PWM have been designed and simulated as per the structure of SST. The article describes the developed hardware setup of the single-phase AC to DC active boost rectifier stage of SST in a laboratory environment. The proposed SST models with three stages have been developed in MATLAB, and outcomes have been investigated and furnished. The simulation and hardware results obey the required harmonic contents and provide good voltage regulation and power control.
  Keywords: boost rectifier; dual active bridge converter; pulse width modulation; PWM; single phase shift control; SPS; inverter; solid state transformer; SST.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10073905
   
  
• A high-efficiency step-up DC-DC converter for supporting auxiliary loads in fuel cell vehicles  
  by Navid Hadifar, Farzad Mohammadzadeh Shahir 
  Abstract: This paper presents a novel non-isolated, unidirectional DC-DC boost converter designed to support auxiliary subsystems in fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs). The proposed topology achieves high voltage gain with low component stress, minimal input current ripple, and a common ground between input and output, features that are critical for extending fuel cell lifespan and improving system integration. Unlike conventional designs based on coupled inductors or cascaded stages, the proposed converter uses a simple structure consisting of one active switch, two inductors, and three capacitors. Comprehensive theoretical analysis is conducted, including power loss modeling and efficiency evaluation across variations in frequency, input voltage, and duty cycle. A 100W laboratory prototype was implemented and tested under open-loop conditions. Experimental results closely match theoretical predictions and confirm a peak efficiency of approximately 94.6%. These results demonstrate the converter’s suitability for low-power auxiliary applications in FCEVs, where reliability and high efficiency are essential.
  Keywords: DC-DC converter; electric vehicle; fuel cell; non-isolated; unidirectional converter.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10074263
   
  
• CKSO-BiLSTM: Energy Management Strategy of Hybrid Electric Vehicle using Optimized Torque Controller  
  by Haripriya H. Kulkarni, Manasi P. Deore, Netra Lokhande, Vidula S. Jape, Anagha Soman, Vidya Kodgirwar 
  Abstract: Optimal voltage vectors are selected to reduce the torque ripples and current harmonics and the control performance is improved. Multi-layer features and attention mechanisms are integrated to control the torque in the BiLSTM model. The dynamic performance of the motor is enhanced by calculating the torque and load variations. Function dimensionality is increased by the proposed optimization to solve the design problems and derive the finite solutions. The proposed FDO optimization is used for the power consumption of the motor and finds the optimal torque for the motor operation. The proposed method FDO-BiLSTM outperformed the results of dq current, mechanical power, RPM, speed and torque values are 230.32, 19.04, 64.12, 26.67 and 24.82. These outperformed results prove the effectiveness of the model and accurate control of torque
  Keywords: Bidirectional Long short-term memory; Torque control; Fish Dolphin optimization; Electric Vehicles and Energy management system.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10074351
   
  
• Enhancing power quality in hybrid renewables with UPQC-FOPID control  
  by N. Bharat Mohan, B. Rajagopal, D. Hari Krishna 
  Abstract: This work proposes an intelligent control technique for grid-connected hybrid power systems with SPV, wind turbines, and battery storage, with the goal of enhancing power quality. The unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) employs a sand cat swarm-based dwarf mongoose (SCS-DM)-based FOPID controller to adjust for PQ issues, such as sag, swell, interruptions, real power, reactive power, and total harmonic distortion (THD) reductions connected to voltage/current through the use of series and shunt filter control methods. The fractional order proportional integral derivative controller (FOPID) controller uses the filters to compensate for the power quality (PQ) problems by injecting the required power. The suggested SCS-DM optimisation algorithm is used to optimise the FOPID parameters, for improved performance. The primary goal is to control voltage while lowering THD and power loss. The suggested methodology's efficacy in enhancing PQ is confirmed by contrasting its performance with that of traditional methods.
  Keywords: renewable energy sources; RES; battery energy storage systems; unified power quality controller; FOPID controller; optimisation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10073254
   
  
• Validation of current source inverter with lesser input inductor for grid integrated photovoltaic system  
  by Esther Jennifer Isaac, Mini Rajeev 
  Abstract: In small scale applications, single phase current source inverter (CSI) is a viable choice, if the input inductor size is reduced without affecting its performance parameters. In this paper, simulation and implementation of a modified CSI structure that uses a smaller input inductor is presented. CSI is controlled for injecting active power into the grid with good waveform quality, utilising d-q transformation theory. Design is verified through simulation and by implementing a prototype constructed in the laboratory. Dynamic performance of the prototype in closed loop is verified by varying the reference current. Both simulation and hardware results are presented. Additionally, a mathematical model of power loss including effects of current ripple is derived for modified and conventional CSI, thereby proving the superiority of the modified CSI.
  Keywords: current source inverter; grid-PV interface; harmonic distortion; inverter; losses; sinusoidal pulse width modulation; SPWM.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10071507
   
  
• Design of optimised dynamic PID sliding mode controller for PMSM in hybrid electric vehicle  
  by Sangeeta Singh, Bhanu Pratap 
  Abstract: SMC has seen significant expansion since the advent of DSMC in the last decade. This innovation overcomes limitations in scalar control systems, such as restrictions at low speeds and poor dynamic response from direct torque control approaches. Particle swarm optimisation (PSO) is a traditional methodology integrated for efficient parameter selection in sliding control. However, chattering is a significant problem with classic SMC techniques, negatively affecting system performance. This study proposes an improved method for better position tracking control with reduced overshoot and faster response time, combining SMC with a PID sliding surface. A fuzzy-optimised controller is presented for fine-tuning PID parameters, leading to a better selection of gain constants for speed control in permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). The dynamic FLC-PID sliding mode controller (DFLC-PID) creates an ideal sliding surface in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). This results in an improved DSMC that lowers chattering, improving system robustness and performance.
  Keywords: dynamic sliding mode control; DSMC; particle swarm optimisation; PSO; PID controller; electric vehicles; EVs; permanent magnet synchronous motors; PMSM; fuzzy-optimised controller.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10071656
   
  
• Fault detection methods for voltage source converters based on state characterisation and gap-metric  
  by Chu-jia Guo, Yan Hong, Zhe Kou 
  Abstract: To ensure the operational reliability and fault-tolerance accuracy of voltage source converter (VSC), this paper proposes a diagnostic method for fault clustering and quantitative description. This method aims to achieve both fault classification and quantitative diagnosis of VSC systems. First, the state space model of the VSC system is established, and a Kalman filter is designed for state estimation to achieve the current. Second, fault clustering is accomplished by highlighting the fault characteristics of sensor faults, internal system component faults, and transistor faults through the deviation between actual values and predicted values getting from the Kalman filter. Thirdly, sensor faults and internal system component faults are quantified using data-driven gap metric to continuously characterise the degree of faults. Finally, the proposed method is applied on a three-phase inverter experimental platform. The experimental results demonstrate that the method proposed in this paper can effectively highlight VSC fault information and provide quantitative fault detection results.
  Keywords: fault detection; voltage source converter; VSC; Kalman filter; data-driven gap metric.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2026.10072609