International Journal of Power Electronics (13 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• Modelling of an integrated grid-connected three-phase current source unidirectional buck battery charger for electric traction application  
  by Izuchukwu Nnanna Eze, Linus Uchechukwu Anih, Cosmas Uchenna Ogbuka 
  Abstract: The difficulty of accessing controlled fast battery charging station in some geographical areas for electric vehicles necessitates one of the ideas of integrated motor drive and battery charging unit. To integrate the charger into the traction motor, one of the stator windings of the split-phase interior permanent magnet synchronous motor is connected to three-phase utility supply while the second stator winding feeds the extra-provided power electronic charger circuit. To this end, a unique complex q-d analytical equational control is used to realise the pulse width modulation (PWM) instead of the traditional PWM method. Current source control technique is employed in the charger control structure in lieu of voltage source converter (VSC) control topology. The reduction in grid line current harmonic distortion is 69.6% compared to VSC topology. Transfer function is developed to calculate the current and voltage control system proportional integral parameters. MATLAB study confirms the efficacy of the configuration.
  Keywords: split-phase; proportional integral; PI; Butterworth coefficient; current harmonic; electric vehicle.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2025.10069462
   
  
• Soft switching and soft starting of TCHB converter-based dual active bridge converter by using SPS and EPS control techniques  
  by Amit Kumar, Abdul Hamid Bhat, Pramod Agarwal  
  Abstract: Renewable energy has significant potential for future electric networks, and direct current (DC) technology offers a viable solution to address related challenges. Efficient DC-DC converters are essential for achieving high voltage step-up ratios. This work presents a novel bidirectional soft-switching DC-DC converter that integrates a two-level converter on the low-voltage side and a transistor-clamped h-bridge (TCHB) multilevel converter on the high-voltage side. A phase-shift control method is employed to manage bi-directional power flow in a resonant converter operating at higher frequencies. The proposed method ensures soft-switching for all power devices across the entire power spectrum, enabling smooth transitions between power directions. Current stress measurements indicate significant reductions: from 19 A to 2 A in single-phase shift (SPS) and from 16 A to 1.6 A in extended phase shift (EPS). The performance of the same converter is validated through MATLAB/Simulink simulations and real-time experiments using an OPAL-RT simulator, demonstrating improved efficiency and reduced switching stress.
  Keywords: dual active bridge; DAB; extended phase shift; EPS; single phase shift; SPS; soft switching and soft starting; state of charge; transistor clamped h-bridge inverter.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2025.10069940
   
  
• Hardware design and implementation for Class-E power amplifier for Qi compatible wireless power transfer for consumer electronics  
  by Avishek Munsi, Rohan Kumar, Kunwar Aditya 
  Abstract: This paper presents the design of a Class E power amplifier tailored for wireless power transfer applications, with an emphasis on achieving system compactness. The amplifier operates at a switching frequency of 100 kHz and delivers an output power of 15 W, conforming to Qi standards. A series-series topology was chosen for the wireless power transfer system. To achieve zero voltage switching (ZVS), the primary side was tuned to a frequency slightly lower than the switching frequency, eliminating the need for an additional inductor. This innovation results in a more compact and cost-effective system without compromising performance. To ensure effective power transfer, the secondary side was tuned to resonate at the switching frequency. Design calculations were validated using LTspice simulations and hardware implementations. This paper also evaluates the efficiency of the designed converter and provides an analysis of power loss. The proposed system is primarily intended for consumer electronics applications, such as cell phone chargers, offering a simplified and efficient solution.
  Keywords: wireless power transfer; WPT; Class-E amplifier; battery charger; zero voltage switching; ZVS; Qi standard.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2025.10069941
   
  
• Vibration reduction and intelligent control in SRM using optimised two stage commutation  
  by Veena Wilson, P.G. Latha , Neil Jose, B. Sandesh Bhaktha  
  Abstract: Switched reluctance motors (SRMs) have grown in popularity in a variety of industrial applications due to their inherent benefits such as high fault-tolerance, simplicity, affordability, and rare-earth free nature. However, the generation of undesirable vibrations due to radial force variations remains a significant challenge. Two stage commutation based on active vibration cancellation (AVC) is an effective method to reduce these vibrations. The focus of this paper is to address the major limitation with two stage commutation, namely the extended tail current causing increased copper loss. This is accomplished with optimal commutation parameters employing particle swarm optimisation (PSO) method. A MATLAB/Simulink model of SRM with vibration signal is developed and is used for demonstrating vibration cancellation. An intelligent control is also implemented which can track the dynamic changes in speed-load conditions. This paper showcases that this approach is an effective solution to reduce the vibrations issues in SRM, thereby improving the overall performance of the motor for industrial applications.
  Keywords: switched reluctance motor; SRM; active vibration cancellation; AVC; two stage commutation; particle swarm optimisation; PSO; artificial neural network; ANN.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2025.10070331
   
  
• Design and evaluation of seven-level switched-capacitor boost multilevel inverter with nine switches and the triple voltage gain  
  by Rajiv Ranjan Sinha, Rajib Kumar Mandal 
  Abstract: A novel switched capacitor multilevel inverter (SCMLI) is introduced in this presented paper. There are several issues with the existing multilevel inverter (MLI) like its complicated structure, complex switching control, difficulty in generating the gate pulse, numerous components, and high voltage stress on the semiconductor switches. There is a noticeable rise in the quantity of semiconductor devices for generating the more number of levels. This increases complexity and expenses to the circuit, it can also reduce the reliability in certain situations. In planned topology a 7-level voltage waveform is created by using 9-switches, 1-diode and 2-capacitors. The planned topology has a voltage gain 3. The planned topology is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK and simulation result with different parameters is presented. Finally, the functioning and capability of the planned inverter to increase the input by a ratio of three are validated using experimental data on a laboratory prototype.
  Keywords: boosting factor; switched capacitor multilevel inverter; SCMLI; capacitor charging; H-bridge; switch pulse width modulation; SPWM.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2025.10070469
   
  
• Design of a precision and programmable current source power supply for efficient microfluidic mixing process  
  by Ngoc-Viet Tran, Van-Toi Vo, Vy-Ngoc Do, Tan-Nhu Nguyen, Thanh-Qua Nguyen 
  Abstract: Microfluidic systems are essential for biomedical diagnostics, chemical synthesis, and environmental monitoring. However, achieving efficient mixing in microchannels is challenging due to the laminar flow. Traditional passive micromixing methods often lack control and efficiency. This study introduces an electromagnetic micromixer system to enhance mixing efficiency. The system employs two electromagnets on either side of the microchannel, where alternating magnetic fields generate lateral forces on magnetic particles, driving them toward higher magnetic field density. A microcontroller-based control unit manages the system, modulating current waveform parameters using DACs, Op-Amps, and MOSFETs. The program automatically adjusts the setups current value to ensure consistent performance by adding a coefficient when the MOSFETs temperature exceeds normal. Experimental validation demonstrated high accuracy in current control and consistent pulse width generation. The system can configure currents ranging from 1 mA to 15,000 mA, pulse widths from 5 μs to 65 ms, and delays from 5 μs to 65 ms. This micromixer shows excellent potential for precise mixing in microfluidic applications.
  Keywords: current source; microfluidic system; electromagnet; magnetic field; micromixer.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2025.10070587
   
  
• A modified nearest level control scheme for a double star chopper cell modular multilevel converter for operation at lower values of amplitude modulation index  
  by Rana Das, Irfan Ahmed 
  Abstract: This paper presents a modified nearest level control (NLC) technique for a double star chopper cell modular multilevel converter (MMC). There are two prominent NLC techniques available in the literature for the MMC, one where the rounding off is done between 0.5 levels, and the other where the rounding off is done between 0.25 levels. However, both of them suffer from a serious drawback that they are unable to generate an output voltage at lower values of the modulation index. This paper presents a modified NLC technique that is capable of generating a satisfactory output voltage for lower values of modulation index while maintaining an acceptable total harmonic distortion in the output voltage waveform where the conventional NLC techniques fail to do so. Simulation results for an MMC with four submodules per arm are presented to verify the proposed modified NLC technique.
  Keywords: power electronic circuits; modular multilevel converter; MMC; nearest level control; NLC.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2025.10070650
   
  
• Prediction of safety in autonomous vehicles using modified deep CNN-BiLSTM with attention mechanism  
  by Sophiya Bartalwar, Vijayalaxmi Biradar 
  Abstract: In the present world, the usages of autonomous cars are getting higher because of the emerging technology. These autonomous cars give freedom to the person those who are not able to drive. It can control the CO2 gas emission, avoid traffic and accidents and there are no attention issues like human in autonomous cars. However, the autonomous cars are not perfect because sometimes the autonomous cars face some issues while analysing the different human hand gesture, climatic conditions and road sign. To overcome this problem, the proposed model uses improved search ability-based genetic algorithm (GA) in feature selection to attain the best features from the dataset and to predict the drivers behaviour and car mechanism, the modified deep convolutional neural network (CNN) bidirectional long short term memory (BiLSTM) algorithm with attention mechanism (AM) is used. While analysing the performance of the proposed model with metrics such as precision, recall, and F1 that is obtained, the overall accuracy of 96% thereby significantly enhances the safety prediction in autonomous vehicles.
  Keywords: autonomous cars; improved search ability genetic algorithm; GA: CNN-LSTM; attention mechanism; AM.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2025.10070657
   
  
• Advanced vector control for PMBLDC motors in light electric vehicles: performance comparison with conventional FOC  
  by Majhrul Israr, Paulson Samuel 
  Abstract: BLDC motors are gaining in popularity in lightweight EVs like two and three-wheelers in India due to their durability, reliability, and high starting torque. However, electromagnetic torque ripple remains a significant challenge. Reducing this ripple can be achieved by optimising and injecting currents with appropriate harmonic components into the motor windings. This paper presents a simplified vector control strategy using single IP speed controller and a hysteresis current controller to minimise torque ripple, achieve maximum torque-per-current ratio (MTPA), and enhance speed response. The speed controller gains KP and Ki are optimised using particle swarm optimisation (PSO) for improved steady-state and dynamic performance. A comparative analysis with the conventional three-PI controller-based field-oriented control (FOC) method is conducted. The Indian drive cycle (IDC) has been taken as a reference input for speed tracking performances. The proposed controller effectiveness in reducing torque ripple and enhancing speed tracking is validated through MATLAB/Simulink simulations.
  Keywords: hysteresis current controller; HCC; IP controller; light electric vehicle; permanent magnet brushless dc motor; PMBLDCM; vector control.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2025.10070729
   
  
• Nonlinear adaptive feedback linearisation-based backstepping controller design for islanded DC microgrid  
  by Shipra Jain, Rajesh Kr. Ahuja, Anju Gupta 
  Abstract: The solar-powered DC microgrid using adaptive feedback linearisation-based backstepping neural network controller (FLBNNC) is able to get the desired bus voltage with enhanced transient and steady-state responses. The uncertainties in the solar panel are caused by varying irradiance and temperature which will cause the solar current to vary. Hence in the proposed controller, the varying current is approximated by the Hermite neural network. Similarly, at the battery source and battery load, the varying impedance due to charging and discharging are approximated by the neural network in the proposed adaptive feedback linearisation-based backstepping neural network controller. The controller is novel and has simple mathematics, less data computation, and reduced burden. The overall analysis has been revealed in terms of rise time (sec), settling time (sec), peak overshoot (%) for the different conditions like start up response, grid reference voltage variation from 48-60 V, battery state of charge (SOC) for less 10%. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is compared with the conventional PID and backstepping controller (BSC). From the analysis, it is evident that the proposed controller (FLBNNC) is able to provide minimum settling time (sec) and rise time (sec), reduced peak overshoot (%) in comparison to PID and BSC which maintains the constant and smooth voltage at the grid terminal.
  Keywords: adaptive backstepping controller; battery energy storage system; DC microgrid; Lyapunov function.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2025.10069413
   
  
• MPWM full-bridge converter for voltage spike-free current doubler rectifier performance in vehicular applications  
  by Kirti Mathuria, Harpal Tiwari 
  Abstract: This paper describes an efficient bridge DC-DC converter for vehicular applications. Zero voltage switching (ZVS) for active switching is possible with the current-doubler rectifier (CDR). The presented configuration uses the energy stored in the filters' inductors to perform soft switching in a wide load range. Moreover, no voltage oscillations or spikes occur due to the rectifier diodes, and duty cycle loss is low. The simulation and test results detailed the converter's functions. A hardware configuration of 500 watts at 80 kHz has been used to validate the simulation results. A DSP controller board with the model number TMS320F28379D produces real-time gating signals.
  Keywords: full bridge DC-DC converter; soft switching; electric vehicles; EVs; zero voltage switching; ZVS; modified pulse width modulation; MPWM; high frequency transformer; HFT.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2025.10069463
   
  
• An efficient fault diagnosis model using Lappet Falco optimisation based on a deep neural network for the VSI under varying load conditions  
  by Vaishali Baste, Dipali Shende, Seema Idhate, Arya Deshpande 
  Abstract: Numerous industrial applications employ three-phase converters that are based on insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). However, the functioning and safety of power electronic devices and loads can be considerably impacted by IGBT faults. Maintaining high-power quality and system availability requires timely and accurate detection of power inverter failures. Constantly monitoring the failures in three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) has greatly improved maintenance efficiency and stability. Hence, the developed research employs the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and Lappet Falco optimised deep neural network (LFO-DNN) model to create an open circuit fault detection model for the VSI circuit. Data collection involves extracting features such as three-phase voltage, current, speed, and torque from erroneous data. The DNN classifier trained on these features uses the average three-phase current value to identify faulty switches. The VSI acting as a load with variable frequency reference is connected to a three-phase induction motor. The proposed Lappet Falco optimisation accurately yields impressive results in terms of prediction accuracy of 96.34%, precision of 96.34%, recall of 96.24%, F1 measure of 94.23%, MSE of 3.66, and specificity of 95.28%, demonstrating high efficiency for both 90% training and a k-fold value of 10.
  Keywords: voltage source inverter; VSI; insulated-gate bipolar transistors; IGBTs; open circuit fault; deep neural network; DNN; Lappet Falco optimisation; LFO; discrete wavelet transform; DWT.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2025.10068618
   
  
• A novel 11-level active boost neutral point clamped inverter based on switched-capacitor units' integration  
  by Seyed Jafar Salehi, Seyed Mostafa Ghadami, Mohammad Akbari-Farmanbar, Yaser Habibi, Amard Afzalain 
  Abstract: This paper introduces a novel boost 11-level type active neutral point clamped (ANPC) inverter aggregated with switched-capacitor (SC) units. This topology comprises 12 switches, four DC-link/floating capacitors, and a single fixed DC source. Traditional ANPC topologies present a low voltage gain and a low number of output voltage levels leading to an increase in the device count. In this work, in addition to the boosting feature (as much as 2.5V_dc), a high number of voltage level (11) is also achieved. The proposed structure does not use the back-end H-bridge (BEHB) unit. For this reason, the maximum blocking voltage (MBV) value across the switches is restricted to only 2V_dc. The floating capacitors placed in the SC unit are guaranteed to be charged at each half-cycle of the fundamental frequency to mitigate the capacitor voltage ripples aligned with the current spikes. To ensure the correct operation of the suggested structure, several simulations and experimental results are accomplished by MATLAB and Arduino Due-based ARM cortex-M3 core, respectively, under the nearest level control (NLC) switching technique, various impedance loads, and variations in modulation index.
  Keywords: multilevel inverter; active neutral point clamped; ANPC; voltage-boosting; switched-capacitor; nearest level control.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPELEC.2025.10069541