International Journal of Nano and Biomaterials (5 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• Effect of nanoparticles on antioxidant activity of alfalfa seedlings  
  by Yurong Wang, Jipeng Mo 
  Abstract: Background: Alfalfa, a perennial legume from the family Fabaceae, is well known for its uses in agriculture and medicine. It is utilised as a cover crop, green manure, and for hay, silage, and grazing. It has been long utilised as a successful treatment for digestive problems, cardiac issues, and neurological issues. Small antioxidant compounds and enzymes help alfalfa become a stress tolerant plant. Objective: Research investigates the impact of different NP, specifically TiO2 and Fe2O3, on the antioxidant activity of alfalfa seedlings. Methods: To assess the effects of these NPs on the formation of ROS, antioxidant enzyme activities, and general plant health, seedlings were subjected to various doses of these NPs. Results: The result shows that by reducing the formation of ROS and increasing reduced GSH, alfalfa improves cell viability of p-value < 0.001 by reducing DNA fragmentation and blocking the apoptotic pathway. Conclusion: Research emphasises alfalfas potential as an adjuvant in agriculture involving NP procedures and as a preventive agent against oxidative stress generated by NP.
  Keywords: antioxidant activity; TiO2; titanium oxide; Fe2O3; iron oxide; alfalfa; ROS; reactive oxygen species.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJNBM.2025.10074444
   
  
• Recent advances and challenges in nanomaterial based drug delivery approaches  
  by Yasmin Mirza, Jaibir Kherb 
  Abstract: Targeted delivery of medicinal drugs to diseased cells in body is one of the most significant areas of pharmaceutical research. Nanomaterials with ultrahigh surface area, good aqueous solubility and facile functionalisation capabilities have proven to be an ideal platform for loading and delivery of drug molecules. Small size of nanoparticles and their aqueous compatibility allows for easier passage across the cellular membranes which further enhances the drugs overall efficacy. Additionally, nanostructured materials, especially carbon-based nanostructures, can protect drugs from degradation and slow down their clearance by the bodys immune system, allowing for longer circulation times and increased drug availability. Advancements in magnetic nanocarriers as well as quantum dots have brought significant interest in this field due to their dual advantage in highly localised disease diagnosis as well as treatment. Tremendous improvements in nanomaterial engineering over last decade have also led to success in more regulated and sustained drug release in the biosystems. This review systematically encapsulates the most recent breakthroughs in the field and addresses the critical leftover challenges and probable remedial strategies.
  Keywords: drug delivery; nanomaterials synthesis and functionalisation; active targeting; biomedical applications of carbon nanomaterials; cancer therapy.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJNBM.2025.10075055
   
  
• Effect of solvents on the phytochemical extraction of Wrightia tinctoria and study of its antibacterial activity against different pathogens  
  by Anju Radhakrishnan, M.G. Bhuvaneswary, E.C. Baiju, T.H. Gayathri 
  Abstract: In the present study the acetone, alcohol and aqueous extracts of Wrightia tinctoria, whole plant was screened for the occurrence of phytochemical components and tested for antibacterial activity against the pathogens like Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus. The qualitative screening of phytochemical constituents of Wrightia tinctoria species reveals the presence of phytochemicals like alkaloids, steroids, tannins etc. The antimicrobial screening on different test pathogen using disc diffusion method disclosed potent inhibitory against E. coli, K. pneumonea and S. aures with zone of inhibition ranging from 7 mm to 31 mm. The Green synthesis of silver nanoparticle was done using the aqueous solution of leaf extract of Wrightia tinctoria. The developed silver nanoparticles were characterised by UV-VIS Spectrophotometer and its antibacterial studies were also performed.
  Keywords: phytochemistry; nanotechnology; nanoparticles; green synthesis; antimicrobial activity.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJNBM.2026.10076380
   
  
• Characterisation and reactive molecular dynamics of cellulose fibres from Stipa Tenacissima for sustainable composites  
  by Ikram Nague, Fatima-ezzahra Loudifa, Amine Moubarik, Latifa Laallam, Ahmed Jouaiti 
  Abstract: This research investigates cellulose fibres extracted from Stipa Tenacissima (alfa plant) as a reinforcement material for sustainable composites. A three-stage extraction process yielded high-quality fibres with a cellulose content of 40.36%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed successful isolation, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed a crystallinity index of 74.67% and a nanoscale crystallite size of 2.36 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed smooth and uniform fibre morphology. Mechanical tests showed impressive tensile strength (707 MPa) and a Youngs modulus of 26.7 GPa. Reactive molecular dynamics simulations using ReaxFF demonstrated the critical role of hydrogen bonds in the mechanical behaviour of the fibres, with a simulated Youngs modulus of 45 GPa. This study highlights that alfa cellulose fibres are promising candidates for sustainable composites, particularly in regions where Stipa Tenacissima is abundant.
  Keywords: biomaterials; cellulose; FT-IR; mechanical properties; reactive molecular dynamics.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJNBM.2026.10076706
   
  
• “A to Z” of drug substances and its nitrosamine impurities with the control strategy in the pharmaceuticals  
  by Balaji Nagarajan 
  Abstract: Nitrosamines pose a significant safety concern for the pharmaceutical industry due to their suspected carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. This reviews nitrosamine impurities in pharmaceutical products, focusing on formation mechanisms, detection methods, and control strategies. It outlines nitrosamine sources from manufacturing processes and interactions with nitrosating agents. Various nitrosamines, such as NDMA, NDEA, and NMPA, are discussed alongside susceptible drug classes, including angiotensin II receptor blockers, H2 receptor antagonists, antidiabetic agents, and antimicrobial drugs. The review covers analytical detection methods, challenges, and regulatory requirements from entities like the EMA and USFDA. Control strategies involving good manufacturing practices and supplier audits are emphasised to reduce nitrosamine levels. The review also includes case studies on sartan drugs and relevant solvents as practical applications of managing nitrosamine contamination. Conclusively, it outlines future directions for effectively mitigating nitrosamine impurities to maintain pharmaceutical safety and integrity.
  Keywords: nitrosamine impurities; control strategy; pharmaceutical safety; drug substances; regulatory frameworks; GMP; good manufacturing practices; ARBs; angiotensin II receptor blockers.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJNBM.2026.10076893