International Journal of Management in Education (23 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• Do Business Schools in India Know the Real Business World?:Exploring Some Perspectives on Academia-Industry Collaboration  
  by Ritika Mahajan 
  Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to explore academia-industry collaboration with reference to business schools in India. It attempts to explain the nature and extent of collaboration, challenges and issues in this regard, and strategies for improving the collaboration. Motivation for the study was found in the literature and the global and national debates at various fora on the training and preparedness of management graduates for industry jobs, relevance of management research for business, and the declining popularity of management courses; particularly in the Indian context. Interviews were conducted to gather qualitative data from 15 academicians and an equal number of industry experts selected using purposive sampling. Through these interviews, an enormous need to improve industry-academia interface emerged. The respondents discussed concerns, ideas and recommendations on various aspects of the collaboration which could be useful for business school administrators, faculty members as well as business managers in building synergies through teaching, research, consultancy and training.
  Keywords: industry-academia collaboration; industry-academia interface; management education; MBA; business schools; Indian perspective.
  
  
• Higher Education challenges for Public Universities in Mauritius  
  by Randhir Roopchund 
  Abstract: The research paper seeks to unravel some of the higher education challenges and opportunities with the wave of globalisation and internationalisation in the Mauritian context. The country ambitions to be an education hub such as Malaysia and consequently it is important to assess the current situation (opportunities and challenges) for important policy decisions. A qualitative approach has been used for the purpose for this research with the use of focus group study with key stakeholders in the higher education sector. The study also makes use of the Quality Audit Reports conducted by the Tertiary Education Commission to synthesise the key challenges. Reference is also made to global education reports and to successful educational hubs for purposes of comparison. The research findings emphasize the importance of effective human resource strategies, need to improve teaching and research quality and also the need to bolster the existing quality assurance system. There is also increasing emphasis on the use of technology in the higher education learning environment such as learning management system. The research emphasises the impact of globalisation on higher education which drives the need for a market oriented and student centred approach of global education. The main limitation is that the results may not be generalised and that it is specific to the Public universities in Mauritius.
  Keywords: Higher education; Challenges; Public Universities; Quality Audit and opportunities; TEC; Mauritius; Africa; Internationalization; globalization.
  
  
• Management of Evaluation and Assessment Processes in Lower Secondary Schools in Slovenia  
  by Kristina Plavec, Maja Kerneža, Boris Aberšek, Andrej Flogie 
  Abstract: In today's society, acquiring knowledge is not enough. Learners and students have to be provided with problem-solving competences, which they are going to need in their everyday lives, and become trained for an independent, lifelong process of learning and constructive self-criticism, and accepting responsibility. This is especially important in teaching interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary fields, such as STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics). The teacher should encourage students to independently search for solutions, interpret the obtained results, develop critical thinking, and provide a critical self-evaluation of the solutions obtained. Evaluation and assessment is an indispensable element also of the studentsʼ self-evaluation process. The two basic research questions in this study were: What are the goals of testing and assessment? Do teachers manage to regularly monitor the studentsʼ progress? The presented research focuses mainly on the strategies and methods for testing, evaluation and assessment in the interdisciplinary field of Science, Technology and Engineering (STE). The main research results showed that too little time is spent on formative assessment of individual students, and that students are thus unable to regularly monitor their learning progress; the information they receive is too general and does not provide the students with enough support for personal growth. According to the results obtained from the present, as well as a series of various other surveys, it is recommended for future research to take greater account of the different methods used in schools for regular testing of the studentsʼ knowledge.
  Keywords: testing; evaluation; assessment; education; students; Science; Technology and Engineering (STE); lower secondary schools,.
  
  
• Comprehensive Performance Measurement System and Work Performance: The Moderating Role of Organizational Culture  
  by Aws Younus Hasani, Khairul Naziya Kassim, Norida Basnan 
  Abstract: Prior studies have reported relationships between both performance measurement system (PMS) and organizational culture (OC) with work performance (WP), but with separate investigations at individual levels. Drawing upon Ouchis Z and goal-setting theories, this study examined the interlinks between these three variables in a single unified model. The findings, following a Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis on a survey of 166 lecturers working in Iraqi public universities, demonstrate that PMS and OC individually have a significant and positive linkage with WP. However, the moderating effect of OC on PMS-WP relationship is significantly negative. This research offers extra empirical evidence to the literature on PMS and OC by extending existing conceptualization in this area.
  Keywords: Performance Measurement System; Organizational Culture; Work Performance.
  
  
• CANONICAL CORRELATION BETWEEN PRINCIPAL LEADERSHIP AND SCHOOL CAPACITY  
  by Syaiful Sagala, Wildansyah Lubis, Gaffar Hafiz Sagala 
  Abstract: This study aims to (1) examining the canonical correlation of principal leadership construct set and school capacity constructs set; (2) identify the most dominant composites of principal leadership; and (3) determine the most dominant composites of school capacity. The research conducted by survey method using questionnaire which distributed to 3 districts in North Sumatera. With random sampling technique, we received of 352 responds from the teachers. We analyze the data using canonical correlation to identify which composites that have the main contribution to constructing a set of variable. The result shows a significant relationship between principal leadership and school capacity construct set. Furthermore, the result of this study indicates the leader should have a strong character to share his vision regarding school development. Moreover, collaboration is a crucial culture of school successes, while the emotional engagement between teacher and organization has no significant value in constructing school capacity. School capacity only can increase if the school program which conducted is coherent for student and staff, focus, and sustainable.
  Keywords: Principal Leadership; School Capacity; Canonical Analysis; Collaboration; Coherent.
  
  
• Emotional intelligence of school principals in managing change: Malaysian Perspective  
  by Omar Abdull Kareem, Tai Mei Kin 
  Abstract: The increasing demands for accountability and school reform continuously challenge the roles of school leaders. Today, school leadership is no longer task driven per se, but emotionally compelling as emotions and change are interlinked at the micro-level of organizational behaviours. The purposes of the study were to examine the levels of Principal Change Leadership Emotional Intelligence (PCLEI) in Malaysian secondary schools and the demographic determinants of PCLEI. Analysis of the survey was performed based on the data of 743 school principals, 2,021 senior assistants and 2,707 teachers. The findings revealed that, i) school principals were rated as Excellent in PCLEI; ii) in terms of dimensions, school principals were reported Excellent in Emotional Regulation and Emotional Utilization, and Good in Emotional Perceiving and Expressing and Emotional Understanding; and iii) PCLEI was reliably related to gender, race, age and seniority but not academic qualification.
  Keywords: managing change; educational leadership; principal change leadership; emotional intelligence; emotional perceiving and expressing; emotional utilization; emotional understanding; emotional regulation.
  
  
• DEVELOPING A CONCEPTUAL MODEL TO MEASURE BUSINESS PERFORMANCE FOR PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS  
  by Christo Bisschoff, Ridwaan Asvat, Christoff Botha 
  Abstract: Traditionally business constraints such as a lack of trust from the public, over-regulation and competition with state-funded public institutions, have constrained the growth of private education businesses despite an education-hungry South African market. Successful business performance of private higher education institutions depends on identifying and measuring the key business performance indicators. This study identifies these antecedents and measuring criteria to effectively measure the business performance of private higher education institutions; thereby developing a model for them to manage their businesses to perform better. The literature revealed numerous business performance antecedents which were reduced by structured interviews with executives and group-interaction using the meta-technique analysis to identify antecedents specifically relevant to the business performance of private higher educational institutions. Measuring criteria developed for these factors culminate in a usable model to measure the business performance of private higher education institutions; this should improve management efficiency and competitiveness in the South African education market.
  Keywords: PHEI; business performance; questionnaire; business performance model; Private Higher Education Institutions; management; strategy.
  
  
• Postgraduate Recruitment Strategies of Malaysian Public Higher Education Institutions to Achieve an Innovative Hub  
  by Siti Norezam Othman, Filzah Md Isa, Muhd Afiq Syazwan Ahmdon, Muhammed Abdullah Sharaf 
  Abstract: Recruitment strategies are very crucial for the success of attracting students. To understand the present recruitment strategies applied in the Malaysian universities, a case study that involved 19 participants from three different groups, i.e. (9) students, (5) Universities representatives and (5) policymakers, was employed. The findings revealed that, to attract postgraduate students, the universities use (1) non-active recruitment strategies such as university reputation and conventional process, and (2) passive recruitment strategies such as advertisements, financial and operational support and computer lab. The results of research disclosed that postgraduate students are recruited mostly through non-active recruitment strategies. Implicatively, the type of recruitment significantly influences the talented postgraduate students recruitment. Remarkably, local and international postgraduate students considered Malaysian public universities are not ready for an innovation hub because the foundation components such as ecosystems, support systems, intellectual capacity building, and location accessibility to attract talented students, are still insufficient.
  Keywords: HEI; recruitment strategies; postgraduate; marketing strategy.
  
  
• Ranking the Competency Criteria for School Principals Based on the Fuzzy Method in the Education Department of Isfahan Province  
  by Seyedali Siadat, Naser Assari, Yasamin Abedini, S.Amir Hasan Monadjemi 
  Abstract: Abstract: Attention to school principals managerial competencies and their development is an inescapable necessity, and failure to address these competencies in selecting principals leads to the loss of enormous financial and human resources as well as the dissatisfaction of the teachers and parents. The present study was conducted to explain and rank the competency criteria for school principals based on Multiple Fuzzy decision-making. This study has a combination exploratory design and is an applied study in terms of objectives and nature. A sample of 25 faculty members was selected for the interviews using network sampling and a random sample of 150 school principals was used for completing the managerial competencies questionnaire. To carry out the confirmatory analysis of variance, a random sample of 368 school principals was selected. The hierarchical structure of the competency criteria, including the main, individual, occupational and organizational criteria, 12 secondary criteria and 74 sub-criteria was then determined. Based on the final weight of the main criteria, occupational, individual and organizational competencies were ranked first to third.
  Keywords: Managerial Competencies; Fuzzy Delphi Questionnaire; Analytical Hierarchy Process; School Administrators.
  
  
• Assessing the effect of university brand personality and attitude towards donation on alumni donor behavioural intention: Malaysian perspective  
  by Hasnizam Shaari, Phoon Lee Yong, Selvan Perumal, Salniza Md. Salleh, Fakhrul Anwar Zainol 
  Abstract: This study attempts to examine the relationship between university brand personality on intention to donate among Milennials alumni from one of renowned management-based university in Malaysia. Besides, alumni attitude towards donation is integrated in the model as a mediator to understand alumni willingness to donate to their alma mater. A quantitative survey among 311 Milennials alumni found that university brand personality significantly influenced alumni willingness to donate to their alma mater. Attitude towards donation fully mediate the relationship between university brand personality and Millennials alumni donor behavioural intention. Beside, theoretical implication and recommendation for university management is discussed at the end of this article.
  Keywords: Alumni donor behaviour; university brand personality; alumni attitude; millennials alumni; higher education management; branding higher education; brand loyalty; higher education 4.0.
  
  
• Does social media website really matter in enhancing student\'s retention intention? An application of StimulusOrganismResponse framework  
  by Rania Mostafa 
  Abstract: Based on the StimulusOrganismResponse framework, this study aims to examine how the characteristics of social media website influence student retention intention with a focus on the moderating role of self-efficacy. Results indicate that while information quality, privacy/security, and virtual interactivity influence perceived value; self-efficacy moderates the effect of information quality and privacy/security on perceived value. However, the moderating effect of self-efficacy to the virtual interactivity-perceived value link was insignificant. This study bridges research on social media engagement and retention intention and extends the SOR framework to the higher education context.
  Keywords: Social media; Perceived value; Satisfaction; Retention intention; Self-efficacy.
  
  
• The perceptions of Primary Education Head Teachers, Deputy Head Teachers and Teachers on the role of Deputy Head Teachers  
  by Vasiliki Brinia, Maria Mastora, Paraskevi Psoni 
  Abstract: The aim of this research is to investigate the perceptions of Head Teachers, Deputy Head Teachers and teachers of primary education in the prefecture of Ioannina, Greece, regarding the role of the Deputy Head Teacher in a primary school unit. The methodology followed was the qualitative approach through semi-structured interviews. The results of the research indicate that Deputy Head Teachers role is a key-role for the operation of the school although they face difficulties, because they are charged with the dual role of the educator and the Deputy Head. All members of the school community have underlined the effectiveness of Deputy Head Teachers work as well as the need to decrease the Deputy Heads teaching hours, in order for them to be able to cope with this dual role. The present study is one of the very few conducted on the specific matter, it adds a holistic and in-depth perspective on the role of Deputy Head Teachers and can be proven valuable for measures taken by policy makers worldwide.
  Keywords: Deputy Head Teacher; Deputy Headmaster; Assistant Principal; dual role in school; school management; primary education.
  
  
• The Perception of Faculty Members to Organizational Virtuousness in the University Setting: The Case for Jordan  
  by Samer Khasawneh, Mahmoud Al-Jaradat, Salah Hailat, Omar Bataineh 
  Abstract: The present study aimed at investigating the level of organizational virtuousness among a sample of 161 faculty members employed by one public university in Jordan. The organizational virtuousness scale (OVS) developed by Cameron et al., (2004) was the instrument used in this study, which is composed of five components (optimism, trust, compassion, integrity, and forgiveness). The results of the study indicated, based on exploratory factor analysis, that the OVS is composed of two factors (integrity-based forgiveness and optimism-based drivers) in the Jordanian culture. Moreover, the results of the study indicated that faculty members exhibited high levels of organizational virtuousness for both factors. Further, results indicated that gender, college, rank, and experience had no impact on level of organizational virtuousness. The study provided a number of recommendations for researchers and practitioners.
  Keywords: Organizational virtuousness; university setting; and Jordan.
  
  
• Different levels of loyalty towards the higher education service: evidence from a small university in Spain  
  by Martina G.Gallarza, Teresa Fayos-Gardó, Francisco Arteaga-Moreno, David Servera-Francés, Elena Floristán-Imizcoz 
  Abstract: Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) operate in a competitive environment in which the universities must address issues of customer satisfaction and loyalty. This process requires that educational institutions carefully analyse the key factors contributing to student loyalty in all its dimensions and develop strategies accordingly. Customer loyalty is a consistent commitment deeply held by customers to re-purchasing and/or recommending the product or service. This paper aims at understanding the different levels of student loyalty towards HEIs through an empirical study run with 705 graduate students from a small University. According to the students personal and situational characteristics (age and choice of degree course), we expect significant differences in the level of loyalty. We may also draw conclusions about the management of HEIs in terms of positive word of mouth among students.
  Keywords: higher education service; consumer behaviour; loyalty; universities.
  
  
• Investigating the roles of educational usage activities and motivations behind continuance intention for Facebook assisted student engagement  
  by Anny Mardjo 
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is to explore educational usage activities and motivations that influence the continuance intention to use Facebook for student engagement. An attitudinal model was developed and empirically tested in this study. Data were collected from 449 undergraduate university students in Thailand. Findings from partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) suggested that (a) communication activity has the most significant influence on utilitarian motivation (b) resource/ materials sharing activity has the most significant influence on hedonic motivation (c) collaboration has the most significant influence on social motivation (d) hedonic motivation has the most significant influence on satisfaction but no influence on continuance intention, and (e) continuance intention is influenced by satisfaction, social motivation and utilitarian motivation. Accordingly, the implications and recommendations for future research are suggested.
  Keywords: social media; social; utilitarian; hedonic; Facebook; e-learning; collaboration.
  
  
• Exploring Change in Higher Education: A Case of Doctoral Education Reforms  
  by Slaven Mihaljević 
  Abstract: This paper explores the process of modernisation of doctoral education and the change management approaches used in that process. The author argues that distinctive features of higher education institutions need change management approaches that are different from those used in more hierarchical organisations. A multiple case study was conducted on four public universities that went through the process of modernization of doctoral education in four countries (Slovenia, Austria, Portugal, and Montenegro). Sixteen top-level change agents were interviewed using an adapted BurkeLitwin causal model of organisational performance and change as a conceptual framework. The author presented a general framework for the conceptualisation of change management in doctoral education that considers the distributed organisation of higher education institutions and its effects on change management approaches. The research showed that the external environment, organizational culture and structure had a profound influence on the scope, goals, duration and the key features of change management methods used during the modernization process.
  Keywords: Burke–Litwin model; change agents; change management; doctoral education; higher education change.
  
  
• Drivers of experience of students and parents in basic education: a perspective based on relationship quality  
  by Diogo Benke, Claudimar Veiga, Renato Marchetti 
  Abstract: The purpose of this article is to understand the drivers of parents/students experience from a perspective of relationship quality in order to develop student attraction and retention strategies for school. A qualitative (n=24) and quantitative study was conducted with primary and secondary data (n=677) collected by means of a structured questionnaire using sampling from a group of respondents made up of parents and students from 16 high schools located in several states of Brazil. To analyze the data statistical techniques were used, with emphasis on Structural Equation Modeling. The article makes three main contributions to the field. A practical contribution of this study lies in the generation of information to aid the understanding of strategic indicators on the quality of relationships with consumers and the experience of using education services so that they can be applied in student attraction and retention strategies.
  Keywords: Relationship Quality; Educational Management; Structural Equation Modeling; Service Quality; Loyalty; Students; Brazil.
  
  
• A review of total quality management applications in schools  
  by Eleni Sfakianaki 
  Abstract: Total Quality Management (TQM) practices are well established in higher education. However, their application in primary and secondary schools is less well established. This study aimed to critically review and discuss different applications of TQM in primary and secondary schools by presenting critical perspectives from the literature. The study analyzed and critically reviewed specific applications and the impact of their implementation. Thus, theoretical constructs and propositions were based on empirical evidence. The majority of schools used certain principles of TQM but did not follow a holistic approach. The adoption of TQM in schools improved learning outcomes, empowered personnel, and promoted a culture of continuous improvement. The obstacles encountered were mainly related to mentality or culture. However, the preliminary results are encouraging. This study contributes to increasing the understanding of TQM concepts in the education sector, and raises useful points for education stakeholders (including policymakers) aiming to improve education quality.
  Keywords: Total quality management; TQM; Schools; Case Studies.
  
  
• Rule mining models for predicting dropout/stopout and switcher at college using satisfaction and SES features  
  by Nashat T. Al-Jallad, Xu Ning, Mergani A. Khairalla, Mohammed A.A. Al-qaness 
  Abstract: Predicting students' dropout/stop-out and switch registration aspects at college is one of the important managerial issues that concern the academic institutions. This issue presents a specific challenge due to a large number of factors that can affect the student's decision and the imbalanced nature of the educational data. In this paper, a novel feature extraction method is applied to student satisfaction and socio-economic features during the pre-processing stage to reduce the high dimensionality of the data. Thus, different interpretable data mining approaches, including decision trees and rule induction methods, were examined using actual data of students at the Technical University of Palestine. After resolving imbalanced problem of the students' data, the results showed that the student satisfaction and socio-economic status predictors are important to distinguish different registration aspects. Moreover, the results revealed that J4.8 algorithm achieved best results due to the ability to apply an appropriate trade-off regarding accuracy versus interpretability.
  Keywords: registration aspects; dropout; switch major; satisfaction; SES; socio-economic status; rule mining; educational data mining; decision tree.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMIE.2019.10018018
   
  
• A competency framework for internal quality assurance in higher education  
  by Raphael Muzondiwa Jingura, Reckson Kamusoko 
  Abstract: Quality assurance systems in higher education play a key role in supporting and improving the quality of educational services provided by Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). The role of Internal Quality Assurance (IQA) in higher education is now well-established. This paper considers the professional competencies of IQA practitioners in HEIs. The focus is on building a body of knowledge for IQA. The objective is to contribute a theoretical framework that supports professional development of IQA practitioners in HEIs. The competency framework is synthesised from information available in literature. The framework is made up of two parts. The first part provides a map of the key functions of IQA. There are nine domains of the functions. The scope of IQA work includes, amongst others, setting the regulatory framework, evaluation, auditing, reviewing and facilitating improvement. The map of functions serves as the reference point of the competency framework. The competency framework is based on the triad model of knowledge, skills and attitude. The framework has nine domains which include; knowledge, communication, managerial, analytical, digital, research, interpersonal, personal skills and attitude. This forms the body of knowledge for IQA. IQA practitioners need this competency repertoire in order to perform their functions effectively and efficiently.
  Keywords: IQA; internal quality assurance; higher education; competency framework; professionalisation; quality assurance practitioners; management; administration; digitalisation; EQA; external quality assurance; quality cycle.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMIE.2019.10018030
   
  
• Increasing teacher attendance in Indonesia: a longitudinal study in the remote elementary schools of Southern Papua  
  by Basilius Redan Werang, Anak Agung Gede Agung, Andreas Au Hurit 
  Abstract: Teachers play a very important role in educating the future generation through their work of teaching. No matter how engaging or talented teachers may be, they can only have an impact on student learning if they are in the classroom. This study explored potential strategies to increase teacher attendance in Southern Papua. In doing so, the study employed both quantitative (a survey questionnaire) and qualitative (interviews) research approaches. Data were collected from a total of 81 teacher-related stakeholders. Results of the study revealed three main categories of strategies to improve teacher attendance in the remote elementary schools of Southern Papua, namely: (a) strategies related to teachers behaviours; (b) strategies related to teachers' working conditions; and (c) strategies related to educational policymakers. Findings of this study demonstrate that, if the school supervisors and regional education administrators wish to improve teacher attendance and, in turn, improve students' capability in reading, writing, and arithmetic (3Rs), then they have to think seriously of how to create a more enjoyable environment and policy for teachers to stay. Findings of this study may be imperative for the institutions of teacher training and education to make sure that all the teacher candidates are morally committed and mentally well-educated and trained.
  Keywords: teacher; attendance; elementary schools; remote area; southern Papua; Indonesia; increasing; strategies.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMIE.2019.10018032
   
  
• Extrinsic work motivation of urban secondary school teachers: a case study of public secondary schools and a model secondary school in Phnom Penh, Cambodia  
  by Tuomo Rautakivi, Ritthikorn Siriprasertchok, Vantha Korng 
  Abstract: This study aimed (a) to find out the most important extrinsic work motivation of public secondary school teachers in Phnom Penh; (b) to find out the most important extrinsic work motivation of the model secondary school's teachers in Phnom Penh; (c) to study the differences in motivation between teachers at the public secondary schools and those at the model secondary school. The total samples of 478 of urban secondary school teachers, 374 from the public schools, and 104 from the model school, were selected through convenient sampling method from the two sample groups. The descriptive statistics were applied to measure the extrinsic work motivation of the teachers. The result of the study suggested that the factors, professional development, salary, work conditions and feedback, are respectively the most important motivating factors for both groups of secondary school teachers. Moreover, an increase of salary was the most suggested factor from the teachers.
  Keywords: extrinsic work motivation; feedback; professional development; teacher motivation; secondary school teacher; working conditions; job satisfaction; education; private schools; public schools.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMIE.2019.10018036
   
  
• Policy of selecting school headmasters in Palestine  
  by Ali Shaqour, Wajeeh Daher, Fadel Alsawayfa 
  Abstract: This study investigates the Palestinian Ministry of Education's policy for selecting headmasters, through the ministry's official document, based on the leader's responsibilities framework. Few researches studied policy documents that involve selecting headmasters in the developing countries, so this study contributes to research on selecting headmasters in the developing countries in general and in the Palestinian context in particular. The analysis was based on the 'responsibilities of the school leader' framework developed by Marzano et al. The collected data, after transcription, was analysed by using lens of the constant comparison theory. To do so, the transcribed data was compared and contrasted with the 21 responsibilities of the headmasters identified by Marzano et al. The findings of the study showed that the studied document is consistent to some extent with school leadership responsibilities. However, the document needs to be more detailed and publicly available. The study raises concerns concerning preparing headmasters that are more qualified.
  Keywords: headmasters' selection; school leadership; headmasters' responsibilities; standards.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMIE.2019.10018042