Forthcoming and Online First Articles

International Journal of Innovation and Learning

International Journal of Innovation and Learning (IJIL)

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International Journal of Innovation and Learning (33 papers in press)

Regular Issues

  • Inquiring and strengthening the environmental awareness among elementary school children   Order a copy of this article
    by Armand Faganel, Blaz Kovac 
    Abstract: Promoting a strong grasp of environmental concerns holds paramount significance in achieving objectives within the realm of environmental safeguarding. The development of environmental awareness is contingent upon a multitude of factors, and its intricate influence stems from their collaborative and comprehensive effects. The core objective of the paper encompasses the systematic evaluation of the levels of environmental consciousness among primary school students, educators, and parents. It aims to gauge their perceptions concerning the gravity and obligations tied to environmental protection, along with their grasp of environmental awareness. The theoretical facet entailed an exhaustive review of literature, centred on knowledge dissemination pertaining to children’s environmental awareness. The empirical study was realised through an online survey methodology. The research sample comprises three distinct groups, with 102 students from primary school classes (6-9th grade), 168 parents, and 34 primary school teachers. The findings indicate that, despite the varied approaches employed by children and adults to convey knowledge, the prevailing status of environmental consciousness and sustainable education remains inadequate.
    Keywords: environmental protection; primary school; environmental awareness; knowledge communication; sustainability; innovation; learning.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10065253
     
  • Instructional design needs analysis for innovative pedagogy in open-badges learning.   Order a copy of this article
    by Siti Hajar Halili, Norharyanti Mohsin, Zamzami Zainuddin, Juliana Othman, Shukri Sulaiman 
    Abstract: Open-badges learning (OBL) is an innovative pedagogy to demonstrate students’ knowledge, skills and achievement. This study intends to identify the needs analysis in exploring instructional design for OBL utilising Hutchinson and Waters’ (1987) needs analysis model. Mixed-method research was used which purposely involved five experts for an interview and 320 students were randomly selected to answer the survey. In the interview process, five themes emerged such as knowledge and readiness in designing the OBL, relevant instructional mapping of the OBL, design learning experience in OBL, technical support to design OBL and introduce OBL practice in higher education programs. From the survey, most of the respondents agreed that there is a need to explore OBL and they are ready to utilise OBL in their learning. Further study could investigate the effectiveness of OBL, the aspect of motivation and engagement in OBL and factors influencing to implementation of OBL in educational programs.
    Keywords: needs analysis; open-badges learning; OBL; open education; innovative pedagogy; Education 4.0; Instructional design.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10065278
     
  • University students’ perceptions of game-based learning for property inspection   Order a copy of this article
    by Chioma Okoro, Abejide Ade-Ibijola, Jonathan Oladeji 
    Abstract: Game-based learning is an effective way to stimulate and support students’ learning. This study assessed students’ perceptions about an educational game designed for teaching property inspection for condition assessment and maintenance purposes. Second-year students in a higher education institution in South Africa were surveyed. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential analyses. The gaming environment and its relevance ranked the highest in the game design and content categories, respectively. “Improving understanding” and “not being very good at it” were the key motivating and demotivating factors, respectively. Further findings showed significant relationships between learning more and the game’s relevance for teaching property inspection, and between the interest in the topic and the perception that gaming made it more understandable. The study provides useful evidence on educational gaming in the property field. Recommendations were around introducing other property scenarios/types, instructions and competition and extending the survey to a diverse socio-demographic samples.
    Keywords: experiential learning; game-based learning; higher education; property inspection and maintenance; teaching and learning; innovation and technology.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10065519
     
  • Exploring learning mechanisms and influences on student engagement and academic performance   Order a copy of this article
    by Mohamed Rafiq Nagoor Meeran, Shamsuddin Khuthbuddin, Asila Abdullah Saif Al-Hinai, Naseema Naseer Ahmed, V. Muruga Prakash 
    Abstract: Learning and its mechanism have revolutionised, and technology is fuelling its velocity. This research investigates the impact of learning mechanisms students use, such as traditional classrooms, online platforms, faculty-student interactions, and self-regulated learning, on students’ learning, engagement, and academic achievement. This research will help improve education quality and provide vital insights into the larger debate on successful educational approaches in today’s digital age. The exploratory research design and mixed research approach were employed in this study using a convenience sampling approach. A sample size of 320 students who use various learning mechanisms/methods in the Sultanate of Oman. Tests like the independent sample ‘t’ test, one-way ANOVA, correlation, multiple regression, and structural equation model were used. The four learning mechanisms are as follows: ‘classroom activities’ has the highest predictive contribution, while ‘course materials’ has a smaller impact on both learning engagement and academic performance. Furthermore, the study discovered a strong and statistically significant relationship between learning engagement and academic performance. Strategies for improving the learning experience, encouraging student success, and establishing a culture of continuous improvement were recommended. This study intends to contribute to the continued pursuit of educational quality, benefiting the education community.
    Keywords: learning mechanisms; engagement; academic performance; course materials; classroom activities; digital learning; self-learning style and techniques.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10065597
     
  • Evaluating flipped classroom's impact on students’ satisfaction in vocational and technical colleges   Order a copy of this article
    by Wang Wanmei , Siti Mariam Binti Abdullah, Chin-Hong Puah 
    Abstract: This research clarifies the level of students’ satisfaction with the flipped classroom model in Chinese vocational and technical colleges. This research collects the empirical data by using surveys and interviews to examine the multidimensional aspects of the satisfaction towards flipped classroom in different phases before class, in class and after class. The theoretical perspective has an open combination of customer satisfaction theories, self-directed learning and Moos’ social climate theory. It helps to explain degree of student satisfaction and the relationship between factors. The major findings show that student satisfaction exceeds the average degree for all different phases, with the highest reported in class, significant correlations in different phases and significant differences in both gender and grade level. Results of this study showed that perceived quality and perceived value are directly related to satisfaction and that expectations and self-directed learning abilities significantly affected satisfaction, but through perceived quality and perceived value as mediators. The findings also reaffirmed that the implementation of the flipped classroom can be enhanced whenever we take into account students’ perceptions and experiences as a focus of instruction.
    Keywords: flipped classroom; students’ satisfaction; vocational and technical colleges; self-directed learning.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10066092
     
  • Does the digitalised era adjust the mismatch as match? A comparison of graduates from different streams to align HE and industry in Bangladesh   Order a copy of this article
    by Gazi Mahabubul Alam, Md. Mahfuzur Rahman , Vesna Skrbinjek, Nor Azni Abdul Aziz, Karima Bashir, Romana Kader 
    Abstract: Extensive research has been conducted on the causes of the developing mismatch between education and the labour market, its consequences, and potential solutions. Despite this, the mismatch issue persists, exacerbated by ongoing digitisation and the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) in the workplace. Acknowledging this, the researchers delve deeper into whether the challenges of mismatch find resonance in the digital era. An individualist approach was taken to address each research question, employing descriptive statistics, multinomial logistic regression, and interviews. This encompassed both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The results indicate that the performance of the fully mismatched group (science graduates) surpasses that of their fully matched counterparts (business graduates). Consequently, digitalisation has heightened the mismatch problem, rendering business graduates relatively irrelevant to the workplace. This paper enriches the discussion on education and the labour market mismatch by employing a unique measurement approach. This study contends that digital and computer-related skills have become a universal competency for various industries, irrespective of their nature (scientific or trade-related). Consequently, all education disciplines (business, science, social sciences) should equip graduates with digitalised/computing skills so that they are not excluded from the labour market.
    Keywords: mismatch; digital skills; innovation; business education; banking sector; higher education; Bangladesh.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10066659
     
  • An insight into curriculum policy and classroom practice of teaching listening: problems and possibilities   Order a copy of this article
    by S. M. Akramul Kabir  
    Abstract: The teaching of listening has significant importance in a language classroom. Therefore, the policymakers in Bangladesh have designed curricula and English textbooks following the English education policy focusing more on English language practice in the classroom through listening. The findings of this study may help Bangladeshi teachers at the secondary level to deal with the difficulties of teaching listening. The findings may also help learners develop their listening skills because language learning begins with listening (Schmidt, 2016). The data in this study was derived from interviews with both urban and rural secondary English teachers and policymakers. The data was then analysed qualitatively using the thematic analysis method. The data explore the policy and practice-related barriers to listening practice in classrooms. To overcome these barriers, the article proposes a conceptual framework as an enabler of teaching listening at the secondary level. The conceptual framework may also help other similar EFL contexts where listening skill is taught as a part of English language learning.
    Keywords: listening skill; teaching listening; listening assessment; secondary level; listening problems; Bangladesh.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10066661
     
  • Assessing the emotional feedback of teaching and learning service beneficiaries using machine learning on text comments   Order a copy of this article
    by Wipawan Buathong, Pita Jarupunphol 
    Abstract: This study evaluates emotional responses to educational services using advanced machine-learning techniques to categorise sentiment in feedback. The dataset includes 1,033 comments from 402 individuals, collected via various platforms. Three algorithms were applied: random forest, Naïve Bayes, and long short-term memory (LSTM). The ten-folds cross-validation method ensured model robustness. Random forest achieved the highest F1-score of 0.833, LSTM at 0.827, and Naïve Bayes at 0.807. The analysis indicated that neutral sentiments were most accurately predicted, followed by positive and negative sentiments. Additionally, latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) identified key themes within the feedback. Positive topics included teaching effectiveness, subject variety, and professional development. Negative topics highlighted issues with technology and resources. Word cloud dashboards focused on curriculum design, learning support mechanisms, and instructional quality. These insights are crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of teaching services, indicating areas of strength and potential improvement.
    Keywords: sentiment analysis; machine learning; educational services; natural language processing; data visualisation.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10067010
     
  • The analysis of cross-applicational effectiveness of gamification in English teaching   Order a copy of this article
    by Jakub Helvich, Lukás Novák, Stepan Hubálovský, Katerina Juklová 
    Abstract: Over the last decade, gamification applications have successfully permeated the English language learning framework with promising results. However, there is still a notable scarcity of quality research on gamified English teaching. Specifically, how English teachers perceive individual gamification applications and how their perceptions differ. The objective is to compare English teachers' perceptions of gamification applications and explore their perceived differential impact on learners' motivation, language learning outcomes, GPAs, and applicability. A sample of 615 Czech English teachers was used to conduct a series of Kruskal-Wallis and subsequent post-hoc tests to examine the differences between four gamification applications (Kahoot!, Quizizz, Quizlet, and Wordwall). The analysis found no statistically significant difference between the applications in how they impact learners’ motivation, language learning outcomes, and GPAs, but statistically significant differences have been found between Quizizz, Kahoot!, and Quizlet in how they are applicable to English teaching.
    Keywords: gamification; English teaching; motivation; learning outcomes; applicability; gamification application; Kahoot!; Quizizz; Quizlet; Wordwall.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10066934
     
  • Enhancing chemistry undergraduates innovation ability through the implementation of the innovative instructional process   Order a copy of this article
    by Thiendanai Sermboonpaisarn, Patchanita Thamyongkit, Wichai Sawakengam 
    Abstract: The aim of the study was to develop and implement the instructional process integrated with strategic planning and lateral thinking approaches to enhance innovation ability of chemistry undergraduate students. During the implementation, students spent all semester planning and developing their innovations in Chemistry natural products course. The evaluation was conducted on both product innovation and innovation process. The findings suggest that students can identify the target’s problem and adopt the related chemistry knowledge for systematically designing the chemistry innovation with a suitable approach leading to efficient problem-solving innovation in chemistry with a high innovation ability. This instructional process provided context-rich learning experiences, enhance innovation ability an understanding, skill, and the suitable way to learn the nature of chemistry.
    Keywords: innovation ability in chemistry; strategic planning; lateral thinking; instructional process.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10066935
     
  • An innovative framework for sensitive healthcare education in serious game design   Order a copy of this article
    by Abas Setiawan, Zaenal Abidin, Adhi Kusumastuti, Sri Ratna Rahayu 
    Abstract: Recently, serious games have been used in patient and health professional education. The lack of methods to design sensitive healthcare frameworks is a prevalent issue. Ensure a sensitive healthcare game is understandable and engaging for the user. This study proposed object specification, profile analysis, design and development, and implementation and evaluation (OSPADDIE), which amalgamates several methods to fill this gap. Enhancing serious game design for sensitive healthcare education was the goal. Methodical development uses instructional material, health data, and game mechanics. In a practical scenario, the Teeny Boy game was used to teach male circumcision. A methodical and complete methodology has allowed this app to deliver critical health information. In the study, serious games are used to teach sensitive healthcare themes. Health education’s challenges have tested the framework. Comparing the Teeny Boy game’s user experience to other serious health games showed the framework’s usefulness.
    Keywords: serious game; framework; sensitive healthcare; health education; male circumcision.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10066983
     
  • The music rhythm tour board game for rhythmic sight-reading   Order a copy of this article
    by Denny Robert, Chwen Jen Chen 
    Abstract: Board games are recognised for their positive impact on learning across various disciplines. Despite their benefits, there is a noticeable lack of focus on utilising board games within music education. This study examined the effects of the music rhythm tour board game on rhythmic sight-reading ability among music learners aged 13-18 who completed their theory of music grade one. The quasi-experimental design involved a pre-test, gameplay sessions, and post-test with 36 participants from a music learning centre. The Music Rhythmic Reading Test (MRRT) measured participants’ rhythmic efficiency, focusing on note duration, timing, and tempo. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and paired t-tests, revealing significant post-test improvements in rhythmic sight-reading. Additionally, the analysis showed decreased rhythmic errors post-intervention. The results highlight the effectiveness of the music rhythm tour board game in enhancing rhythmic sight-reading skills and promoting game-based interventions in music education.
    Keywords: music education; rhythmic sight-reading; board game; rhythmic errors; quasi-experimental design; effectiveness.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10067327
     
  • Digital skills, adaptive performance and sustainable employee performance: the case of social science graduates in an emerging market   Order a copy of this article
    by Dinh Van Hoang , Duong Bich Ngoc , Vu Hong Ha , Le Hien Trang  
    Abstract: This study aims to clarify the impact of digital skills on sustainable employee performance, emphasising the mediating role of adaptive performance among social science graduates as labour market newcomers in an emerging market, specifically Vietnam. Utilising a simple random sampling method, data were collected from 415 social science graduates in Vietnam. The analysis was conducted using partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that digital skills significantly and positively influence both adaptive performance and sustainable employee performance. Furthermore, adaptive performance positively affects sustainable employee performance and mediates the relationship between digital skills and sustainable employee performance. This research contributes to both theoretical frameworks and practical applications.
    Keywords: digital skills; adaptive performance; sustainable employee performance; SEP; social science graduates.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10067636
     
  • Enhancement of national productivity by the source of innovation: a study of ASEAN-developing countries   Order a copy of this article
    by Nichanach Katemukda 
    Abstract: Research and development (R&D) is one source of innovation that delivers wealth to the country. The aim of the research is to investigate the appropriate number for budgeting on R&D in ASEAN developing countries, as well as to explore key index to track budget utilization performance. To prove the theorem, the research model and hypothesis employed a regression analysis. National productivity is the dependent variable, whereas R&D budgeting per GDP is the independent variable. ASEAN countries of study include Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, the Philippines, and Vietnam. The research results suggested that national productivity is a useful index for measuring and monitoring the performance of budget utilization. Moreover, the regression model was fitted, and the R-Square adj. is 79.42%. Research results suggest that at least 1% of R&D should be reserved as budget for ASEAN’s developing countries and conclude that R&D budgeting per GDP increases national productivity.
    Keywords: national productivity; innovation; developing countries; research & development; R&D.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10067999
     
  • Students' acceptance of gamified learning in a developing country before and after the pandemic   Order a copy of this article
    by Bobby Ardiansyahmiraja, Satria Fadil Persada , Reny Nadlifatin, Junaid Kajee, Irene Dyah Ayuwati 
    Abstract: This study examines changes in the adoption of gamified learning technologies among students in developing countries due to COVID-19. This study uses the extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) and an additional construct of Perceived Playfulness. Data were collected from 310 high school and university students in Indonesia using a 55-item questionnaire, both before (N=151) and after (N=159) the pandemic. PLS-SEM was employed to analyse the data. Results reveal a significant shift in behavioural predictors of gamified learning adoption. Pre-pandemic, effort expectancy, perceived playfulness, and price value were key drivers, while post-pandemic, their influence diminished. Social influence and habit remained significant. Conversely, hedonic motivation gained prominence post-pandemic.
    Keywords: gamification; gamified learning; Covid-19; developing countries.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10068036
     
  • Innovative one-arm operable wheelchair attachment: enhancing mobility for hemiplegic and triplegic users   Order a copy of this article
    by Pg Emeroylariffion Abas, Hirdy Othman, Chan Chung Sun , Noel Mendiola, Hazwani Suhaimi 
    Abstract: Hemiplegic individuals often face significant challenges in operating standard manual wheelchairs due to their condition, which restricts the use of one side of the body. Addressing this gap, this paper presents a novel wheelchair attachment that enables single-arm operation, enhancing mobility and independence. Developed through a systematic engineering design process, this research involved the identification of critical user requirements - usability, flexibility, portability, adaptability, affordability, and safety. These considerations guided the design and iterative prototyping of multiple models, leading to the selection and extensive testing of a final design. The results demonstrate that the optimised prototype not only significantly improves task efficiency and accuracy for wheelchair users but also provides substantial benefits to hemiplegic/triplegic individuals, allowing them to perform activities that were previously difficult. Highlighting the potential for patentability and marketability, this invention stands as a significant advancement in assistive technology, promising to transform the accessibility landscape for disabled individuals.
    Keywords: assistive technology; adaptive wheelchair attachment; hemiplegic mobility aids; triplegic assistive devices; single-arm wheelchair operation; innovation.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10068037
     
  • Unlocking resilience: emotional intelligence and self-leadership shape stress perception among health students   Order a copy of this article
    by Hina Zahoor, Nasir Mustafa, K.M. Ashifa, Mehdi Safaei, Rehab El Gamil 
    Abstract: Academic expectations, interpersonal issues, and patient care can stress students. If unaddressed, these pressures can affect kids’ learning, performance, and well-being. Still, emotional intelligence and self-leadership will help health sciences students manage stress and perform better in any subject. This study examined how emotional intelligence, self-leadership, and stress affected health sciences students. A cross-sectional descriptive study examined 411 undergraduate students from Istanbul Gelisim University, categorised by year of study (first, second, third, and fourth). The survey included 305 females and 106 males. Data were collected using demographics, SSEIT, ASLQ, and PSS-10 scales; 96.5% responded. Higher emotional intelligence, constructive cognition, task drive, and behaviour awareness predict lower reported stress. A negative and significant relationship between felt stress and emotional intelligence, constructive cognition, task motivation, behaviour awareness, and self-leadership. The authors suggest including self-leadership, emotional intelligence, stress management seminars, and positive reframing in the curriculum to help students develop emotional regulation, constructive thinking, and resilience.
    Keywords: health sciences students; emotional intelligence; perceived stress; self-leadership; constructive cognition; task motivation; behaviour awareness; volition.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2026.10068071
     
  • Aspects affecting learning management policy acceptance for teachers in vocational higher schools: a structural equation modelling approach   Order a copy of this article
    by Sri Handayani, Virgiawan Adi Kristianto, Rizky Ajie Aprilianto, Harianingsih Harianingsih 
    Abstract: This study explores the factors influencing teachers’ performance in engineering and technology vocational schools, emphasising the pivotal role of teacher competence in determining the quality of Indonesian vocational education. Five key variables were evaluated: work motivation, work ethic, teacher performance, management innovation, and learning management. Data were collected using simple random sampling from 30 teachers in three vocational schools in Semarang, Indonesia. Factor analysis and regression analysis were conducted using second-order PLS-SEM to assess convergent and discriminant validity. Results indicate that work motivation (63.9%) and work ethic (28.2%) positively impact teacher performance, with all hypotheses accepted. The model achieved a Q² score of 0.446, highlighting strong predictive relevance. Exogenous variables explain 69.8% of the variance in learning management. Therefore, schools are encouraged to enhance teacher performance by fostering work motivation and improving the learning process, from planning to execution.
    Keywords: learning management system; LMS; management innovation; work ethic; work motivation; structural equation modelling; SEM.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10068548
     
  • Student science teachers’ semantic and emotional orientations towards flipped learning practice   Order a copy of this article
    by Oktay Kizkapan 
    Abstract: The aim of this research is to examine the emotional and semantic orientation of students’ science teachers towards flipped learning model (FLM). The study employed a convergent design of mixed methods research. The participant group consisted of 37 SSTs enrolled in the research methods in education course. Data collection involved the use of a semantic and emotional orientation scale and open-ended questions, with analysis conducted through deductive content analysis. The findings indicated that SSTs’ orientations towards FLM were predominantly positive, perceiving it as effective, enjoyable, novel, instructive, valuable, flexible, and advantageous. However, their orientations were neutral regarding its simplicity, strenuousness, and ease. The research concluded that predominantly positive perceptions of SSTs regarding FLM can lead to more successful integration of FLM in their future teaching practices and enhance the quality of their teaching and potentially lead to improved student engagement and learning outcomes.
    Keywords: flipped learning; science teachers; semantic and emotional orientations.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2026.10068910
     
  • The development of a methodology for assessing inclusive practices in higher education   Order a copy of this article
    by Tatiana Lukovenko, Nikolay Sorokin, Valentina Kirillova, Oleg Shakhmatov 
    Abstract: The aim of this study is to develop and validate a multi-level methodology for assessing inclusive practices in educational institutions, with a focus on enhancing teacher qualifications. The research methodology incorporated both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Statistical methods, including the t-test, were employed to evaluate the significance of changes before and after the program's implementation. Qualitative analysis was conducted using semi-structured interviews with students and teachers. The research results demonstrated a significant improvement in the level of teacher preparedness in the field of inclusive education. Confidence in the use of inclusive methods increased by 30%, while knowledge of adapted educational materials improved by 28%. The availability of infrastructure and technologies also saw a 30% increase. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the developed assessment methodology can be applied in educational institutions to improve the effectiveness of inclusive programs.
    Keywords: accessibility of educational resources; assessment of inclusive practices; disability; inclusion; students with disabilities; teaching methodology.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2026.10068940
     
  • Exploring the influence of flipped classroom pedagogy on student achievement and engagement   Order a copy of this article
    by Wanmei Wang, Siti Mariam Abdullah, Chin-Hong Puah 
    Abstract: This study evaluates the impact of the flipped classroom on learning outcomes among first-year management students in five vocational colleges in Anhui Province, China. A quasi-experimental design was used, with 1,000 students divided into flipped classroom (experimental) and traditional teaching (control) groups. The study assessed academic achievement, successful intelligence, and learning attitudes, while also exploring the moderating role of cognitive style. Results showed that flipped classroom students outperformed traditional learners, with significant gains in academic achievement, successful intelligence, and learning attitudes. Cognitive style did not moderate the flipped classroom's effectiveness, indicating its broad applicability. The findings suggest that flipped classrooms can enhance student performance and offer valuable insights for optimising teaching strategies in vocational education.
    Keywords: flipped classroom; learning performance; management courses; vocational and technical colleges; cognitive style; successful intelligence.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2026.10068942
     
  • Optimising online learning: a strategic approach for open universities   Order a copy of this article
    by Kan Wen Huey , Hoo Yee Hui  
    Abstract: The study explored strategies to enhance student satisfaction via the institution’s partnership with a leading online platform provider, focused on the unique challenges faced by institutions offering open distance learning. Employing a comprehensive review of literature and empirical analysis, we identified key factors influencing satisfaction. Our findings advised a forward-thinking approach that emphasizes holistic improvements in technology, course design, and support systems. The research aimed to guide Open Universities (OU) and similar institutions in navigating through the complexities of online education. By addressing the evolving needs of students in this digital era, we contributed to ongoing discussions on effective online learning strategies. This research was vital for educators, administrators, and policymakers seeking to optimize the student experience in external online courses.
    Keywords: online learning; student satisfaction; technology-mediated education; strategic approach; open universities; OU.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10069083
     
  • Empowering future caregivers: the role of self-leadership in reducing stress among nursing students   Order a copy of this article
    by Nasir Mustafa, Hina Zahoor, Rehab El Gamil, K.M. Ashifa, Mehdi Safaei 
    Abstract: Self-leadership skills help nursing students manage stress. Self-leadership development revolves around task motivation, constructive cognition, and behaviour awareness and volition. Students overcome challenges and provide exceptional treatment by being motivated to fulfil clinical and academic tasks. Clinically, constructive cognition aids critical thinking, decision-making, and adaptation. For professionalism and stress management, behaviour awareness and volition require self-regulation. This skill helps students balance personal and academic obligations, reducing stress and improving performance. Self-leadership and stress perception in nursing students across academic years were examined in this study. The study sampled 169 nursing students using basic random selection. Students had moderate task motivation and constructive cognition, but behaviour awareness and volition varied. This suggests that some nursing students are self-leaders and others are not. Self-leadership skills, stress management seminars, positive reframing tactics, and a supportive environment are needed to boost nursing students' resilience and well-being, according to the research.
    Keywords: nursing students; self-leadership; perceived stress; psychological well-being; task motivation; constructive cognition; behaviour awareness and volition; resilience; stress management.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2026.10069195
     
  • Nurturing innovation in virtual work climate: the power of self-determination and learning orientation   Order a copy of this article
    by Rui-Xiao Li, Yet-Mee Lim, Garry Wei-Han Tan 
    Abstract: This study delves into the impact of the virtual work climate on employee innovative performance, with a focus on the mediating roles of perceived autonomous motivation and temporal flexibility. Data from 825 employees engaged in Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) were gathered via an online questionnaire and analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Anchored in the framework of self-determination theory, our findings underscore the importance of a supportive virtual work context. Virtual work climate fosters temporal flexibility by fulfilling employees' basic psychological needs and improves their autonomous motivation. Consequently, employees demonstrate heightened innovative performance at work. Additionally, this research highlights that a learning orientation has a negative moderating influence on the relationships between autonomous motivation and innovative performance, which reveals that higher learning orientation may divert employees' focus away from improving innovative performance. These insights emphasise the critical role of cultivating a conducive virtual work climate within organisations to enhance employee innovation. The implications of this study hold significant value for enterprises seeking to optimise their employees' innovative potential.
    Keywords: virtual work climate; VWC; self-determination theory; temporal flexibility; autonomous motivation; employee learning orientation; employee innovative performance; EIP; small and medium-sized enterprises; SMEs.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10064575
     
  • Influence of innovative teaching methods on academic performance of students with moderating effect of active learning in higher education sector   Order a copy of this article
    by G.P. Raja, A.R. Saravanakumar, Muthukrishnan Nagarajan 
    Abstract: In the higher education sector, innovative teaching methods are always welcome and are changing over the periods of time horizon and efficient teaching methods are largely depending on quality, quantity and sufficiency of subject content and needs and requirements of students perusing their higher education. The findings reveal that multimedia and active teaching methods are positively significantly influencing academic performance of arts and science college students. Further, interaction between multimedia and active learning and interaction between role playing and active learning are also positively significantly influencing academic performance of arts and science college students. Furthermore, multimedia, flipped and role playing teaching methods have significant, positive and direct influence on active learning, while, active learning has positive, direct and significant influence on academic performance of students in higher education sector. Thus, only the five hypotheses are supported by the findings and limitation of the study is also presented.
    Keywords: academic performance; active learning; higher education sector; innovative teaching methods.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10064153
     
  • Emotions at the heart of learning: exploring the role of teacher emotions in student engagement using facial emotion recognition   Order a copy of this article
    by Vishnu Lal, Avuduri Venkata Amarnadh Reddy, G. Varaprasad 
    Abstract: This study aims to use facial emotion recognition (FER) to investigate the influence of teachers' emotions on student engagement to gain a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics between teachers' emotional expressions and student engagement in the classroom. A pre-trained deep learning MTCNN model was used for face detection and a modified VGG16 CNN model for FER. The emotions of teachers are recorded, analysed and compared with the emotions, state of the students and their engagement levels. Findings show the contagious nature of emotions as students tend to mirror and respond to the emotional states conveyed by their teachers. The results also highlight that students typically experience heightened engagement and attention at the beginning of a lecture and drop midway through the lecture. This research underscores the importance of differentiated strategies and modes of instruction while also emphasising the importance of equipping educators with emotional intelligence and effective emotion management skills.
    Keywords: student management; emotional intelligence; convolutional neural network; CNN; facial emotion recognition; deep learning.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10066660
     
  • Enhancing English oral communication skills and motivation: the impact of AR hotel situated-learning board game in Thai EFL contexts   Order a copy of this article
    by Wipada Sutthiroj, Pornpimol Sukavatee 
    Abstract: This study aims to develop an AR hotel situated-learning board game to enhance Thai EFL learners' oral communication skills and motivation. Grounded in the literature and needs analysis, this research is based on the idea that authentic experiences are crucial for English language practice through situated learning. The board game, set in a hotel context, allowed learners to engage with diverse scenarios through AR markers on game cards. A mixed-methods approach was used to assess the game's impact on the participants' oral communication skills and motivation. Post-test results showed an improvement in all categories, particularly in intelligibility, compared to pre-test scores. This indicates enhanced English oral communication skills across various aspects. The significance of the research lies in its implications for developing effective language learning strategies that boost oral communication and motivation, and it encourages further exploration of AR technology in language education.
    Keywords: English oral communication; augmented reality; AR; motivation; situated learning; board game.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10064230
     
  • The systematic innovation training efficiency in creative thinking and problem-solving skills in teachers   Order a copy of this article
    by Sakineh Arebi, Sayeda Zahra Ali Bakshi 
    Abstract: This research aimed to teach systematic innovation, creative thinking, self-efficacy, and problem-solving skills to female teachers in Karaj City. The systematic innovation training intervention program (TRIZ) was presented to the experimental group during eight 90-minute sessions. The control group did not receive any training. The torrance tests of creative thinking, self-efficacy scale Bandura, and problem-solving questionnaire Cassidy and long were applied. The statistical analysis showed that systematic innovation education (TRIZ) is effective in developing the creative thinking, self-efficacy, and problem-solving skills of teachers. It is suggested that educational officials should prioritise systematic innovation training to improve the creativity of teachers and students and strengthen their self-efficacy and problem-solving skills.
    Keywords: systematic innovation; TRIZ; creative thinking; self-efficacy; problem-solving skills.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10064405
     
  • How does an organisation's experiential learning affect its process innovation capabilities? The moderated mediating effect of absorption capability and network dependence   Order a copy of this article
    by Shouwei Li, Meng Yu 
    Abstract: This study examines the relationship between experiential learning and process innovation in innovative companies, focusing on the mediating role of absorptive capacity and the moderating impact of network dependence. The empirical investigation, based on data from the Chinese integrated circuit industry, highlights a significant and positive correlation between experiential learning and process innovation activities. Additionally, firm absorptive capacity mediates this relationship, with network dependence moderating its effects. These findings contribute valuable insights into organisational learning, process innovation, and the management of absorptive capacity and network dependence. However, caution should be exercised when generalising these results beyond the specific industry context. This research offers practical guidance for effectively managing the process of innovation within firms.
    Keywords: experiential learning; process innovation capability; absorptive capability; network dependence; moderating mediating effect.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10066343
     
  • The interplay of academic leadership and psychological capital in PhD scholars' innovation: a mediated-moderation approach   Order a copy of this article
    by Shikha Chahar, Gunjan Tripathi 
    Abstract: This study explores the influence of psychological capital (PsyCap) on innovation among PhD scholars, focusing on the mediating role of academic leadership. PsyCap, which includes self-efficacy, optimism, hope, and resilience, is recognised as a key factor driving innovation by enhancing scholars' creativity and problem-solving abilities. By creating a supportive and intellectually enriching environment, academic leadership enables scholars to better utilise their psychological strengths for innovative outcomes. A quantitative survey was conducted among 414 PhD scholars from universities in Haryana (India) using a 39-item questionnaire to assess variables including academic leadership, university structure, psychological capital, and innovation. Analysis through partial least square-structural equation modelling 4 demonstrated that psychological capital has a strong direct impact on innovation (0.825), with academic leadership serving as a partial mediator (0.097), enhancing PsyCap's effect. Demographic factors such as marital status, university type, and PhD year were also evaluated as potential moderators, but their influence on innovation was minimal, except for the moderating effect of marital status with university structure. The study underscores the critical role of academic leadership in promoting innovation by harnessing the psychological capital of scholars, highlighting the importance of leadership strategies that cultivate supportive and adaptable academic environments.
    Keywords: psychological capital; PsyCap; innovation; academic leadership; PhD scholars; university structure; PLS-SEM.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2026.10068617
     

Special Issue on: Technology Mediated Learning Innovative Practices for the New Normal

  • Analysing post adoption factors for determining MOOC continuance intentions: Interpretive Structural Modelling and fuzzy MICMAC approach   Order a copy of this article
    by Neeraj Chopra, Rajiv Sindwani, Manisha Goel 
    Abstract: This study investigates the post-adoption behaviour of MOOC participants and aims to enhance our understanding of the cognitive-affective-conative framework in this context. Despite the recognised benefits of MOOCs, their adoption is still at an early stage, which is crucial for MOOC platforms due to high dropout rates. Fifteen post-adoption factors were identified through a comprehensive literature review and expert opinions, and a hierarchical model was developed using ISM and, fuzzy MICMAC techniques to capture the mutual interactions among these factors. Intentions to recommend and cultural intelligence occupied the highest and lowest positions in the hierarchical model, respectively. The fuzzy MICMAC analysis examined the driving and dependence power of the factors for clustering purposes, revealing the absence of autonomous factors and ten factors in the linkage region. This pioneering work provides practitioners and decision-makers with valuable resources to improve retention rates based on the relationships and power dynamics among these factors.
    Keywords: MOOC; cognitive-affective-conative framework; adoption; ISM; fuzzy MICMAC.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10066849
     
  • Moth flame optimisation based timetabling tool for educational course timetabling   Order a copy of this article
    by Marisa Kuntasup, Pupong Pongcharoen, Thatchai Thepphakorn 
    Abstract: Educational timetabling plays an important role in providing academic activities under limited time and resources. It determines the effective utilisation of teacher’s and student’s hours with no conflicts on resource constraints and individual preferences. Manually solving large-scale timetabling problem is time consuming and extremely difficult to find a good feasible solution. This paper presents the first application of discrete Moth Flame Optimisation (MFO) for solving university course scheduling problem. A novel Automated MFO-based Timetabling (AMFOT) tool was programmed and tested using six case studies obtained from a collaborating university in Thailand. The computational experiments confirmed that all timetables generated by the proposed AMFOT tool were feasible as they satisfied all hard constraints. The timetables obtained from the proposed MFO method were better than those obtained from another computational intelligence based algorithm. In four out of six cases (66.67%), the best timetables were created by using the proposed MFO method.
    Keywords: crow search algorithm; CSA; course scheduling; automated timetabling; swarm intelligence; resource allocation; moth flame optimisation; MFO.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10067328
     
  • The potential of a socioscientific issue framework based on industrial biotechnology in science learning   Order a copy of this article
    by M. Noris, Sajidan Sajidan, Sulistyo Saputro, Sri Yamtinah 
    Abstract: The utilisation of socioscientific issue has shifted significantly towards the development of technology and science. The use of SSI is closely related to learning based on local wisdom. Learning based on local wisdom utilises the potential of local wisdom that lives in the community. The purpose of this research is to see the potential of socioscientific issues on the process of biological technology innovation that lives in the community of Bima district, West Nusa Tenggara which leads to the Biotechnology industry. The method used in this research is a qualitative analysis method with theoretical and literature studies related to the utilisation of SSI. Then, the researcher synthesised the theory, to determine its relevance to learning based on local wisdom. The results of the theoretical study resulted in four dimensions of SSI including: 1) student face problems; 2) engage with socioscientific reasoning practice; 3) local wisdom based inquiry; 4) moral reasoning. The results showed that the SSI synthesised by the researcher has a very high potential to be used in local wisdom-based learning by reconstructing the cultural values of conventional biotechnology towards modern biotechnology and industrial biotechnology.
    Keywords: biotech industry; local wisdom; socioscientific innovation issues; SSI framework.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10068811