International Journal of Innovation and Learning (38 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• The effects of tablet PC-based instruction on junior high school students’ self-regulated learning and learning achievement  
  by Harrison Hao Yang, Ling Chen, Kexin Jia, Zhuo Qu, Yinghui Shi 
  Abstract: Tablet personal computers (PCs) are being widely used in K-12 education. The effectiveness of tablet PC-based instruction on student learning outcomes remains unclear. This quasi-experimental study examines the effects of tablet PC-based instruction on students’ self-regulated learning and learning achievement in Chinese language courses. Participants were 198 students from four junior high school classes in Northwest China. Two classes (n = 101) were set as the experimental group by employing a tablet PC-based instructional approach, while the other two classes (n = 97) were the control group, using a traditional approach without tablet PCs. The results showed students receiving tablet PC-based instruction had significantly higher learning achievement and self-regulated learning abilities than those receiving a traditional lecture-based approach without tablet PCs. In addition, this study found no significant differences in learning achievement among students with different learning styles. These results indicate that tablet PC-based instruction offers significant benefits for junior high school students.
  Keywords: tablet PC; junior high school student; self-regulated learning; SRL; learning achievement; learning styles.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2023.10049055
   
  
• A survey of smart learning practices: contexts, benefits, and challenges  
  by Billy Tak-Ming Wong, Kam Cheong Li, Thomas Hon Tung Chan 
  Abstract: Smart learning has emerged as a significant area of inquiry in both research and practice. However, related reviews of this area have given scant scholarly attention to its research contexts, benefits, and challenges. This paper seeks to extend the previous review studies to investigate smart learning in these areas. A total of 155 smart learning research papers published in 2011 to 2020 were collected from Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest for review. The findings reveal that most relevant studies were conducted in the computer science discipline with a particular focus on online and face-to-face smart learning at the university educational level. They also show the benefits of smart learning such as enhanced teaching and learning support and improved learning outcomes, as well as challenges such as integration with other systems and teachers competence and training. The findings serve to advance the understanding of smart learning and shed light on its future design and implementation.
  Keywords: smart learning; smart education; contexts; benefits; challenges.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2023.10050402
   
  
• Learning in a Hybrid Synchronous Mode: Experiences and Views of University Students  
  by Kam Cheong Li, Billy Tak-Ming Wong, Reggie Kwan, Manfred Wu 
  Abstract: This paper reports the results of an empirical study on students’ experiences and views of hybrid synchronous learning based on its institution-wide implementation in a university in Hong Kong. Data were collected from a questionnaire survey with 2,752 participants and a focus group discussion with 21 participants. The results reveal the students’ positive feedback on this learning mode such as enhancing motivation, willingness to ask questions, having a suitable environment to attend online lessons and understanding course contents. The positive views also cover instructors’ teaching in terms of paying attention to students, time management, teaching progress, maintaining student engagement, handling technical matters, as well as administration of assignments and assessments. However, issues and challenges were also found, such as students’ interactions with classmates and their relationships with them. The results provide relevant information for education institutions to design and offer effective hybrid synchronous education for students.
  Keywords: hybrid synchronous learning; face-to-face learning; COVID-19; pandemic; university students; Hong Kong.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2023.10050534
   
  
• To Boom and Bloom? Didactic Development in Online Distance Learning: Students  
  by Ivana Simonova, Ludmila Faltynkova, Katerina Kostolanyova, Slavomira Klimszova, Tereza Guziurova 
  Abstract: After a 18-month period of online distance instruction (ODI) during the COVID-19 pandemic, the question appears about the quality of the process. To answer the question, the main objective of the research is to compare the process of ODI in autumn 2020 and one year later, and to discover whether there is any development. In total, 500 respondents participated. Data were collected through two online questionnaires. Each respondent provided feedback on two courses first, on the course that they appreciated; second, on the course that they did not like. Four criteria were applied for evaluation of the courses: 1) the first contact and communication; 2) learning content acquisition; 3) learning content delivery and assessment; 4) students final feedback on online distance instruction. The findings discovered positive and negative features of the process. The findings served as a basis for didactic recommendations when designing and conducting online distance courses.
  Keywords: online distance instruction; COVID-19; upper secondary; higher education; didactic recommendations; students’ reflection; didactic development; didactic principles; TP(A)CK; SAMR model.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2023.10050757
   
  
• A Study on Employee Mindfulness and Organizational Citizenship Behavior? Job Satisfaction and In-role Behavior as Mediators  
  by Thuy Dung Pham Thi, Nam Tien Duong 
  Abstract: This study aimed to examine whether employees improve their job satisfaction and performance with mindfulness. A remote mediating model was used with mindfulness as an independent variable, job satisfaction (JS) and in-role behaviour (IRB) as mediating variables, and organisational citizenship behaviour individual (OCBI) and organisational citizenship behaviour organisation (OCBO) as dependent variables. Questionnaires were delivered to 381 employees in Vietnam. A path analysis was used with bootstrapping estimation for hypothesis testing. The findings showed that: 1) employee mindfulness could be a predictor of JS, IRB, OCBI and OCBO; 2) JS can be a predictor of IRB, OCBI and OCBO; 3) IRB can be a predictor of OCBI and OCBO; 4) with JS and IRB as mediating variables in sequence, mindfulness has a partial remote mediating effect on both OCBI and OCBO. The findings suggested that companies should pay attention to the mindfulness of interviewees when recruiting new employees.
  Keywords: Mindfulness; Job satisfaction; Job performance; In-role behavior; Organizational Citizenship Behavior - Individual; Organizational Citizenship Behavior - Organization; Learning.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2023.10051145
   
  
• Utilizing PPM model to explore the satisfaction and word-of-mouth marketing of students studying abroad  
  by Shu-Ching Chang, Shih-Hao Liu, Jin-Long Wang 
  Abstract: The number of mainland China students studying abroad has grown substantially in the past ten years, and it has become the main source of students from abroad. This study aims to explore the influencing factors and satisfaction of the Chinese mainland students studying abroad and to further explore the effect of word-of-mouth marketing for international students. In this study, Push-Pull-Mooring model was used to construct the research model and the partial least square method of the structural equation model was used for analysis. The results indicate that schooling motivation and the experience will positively affect learning satisfaction. The impact of experience on learning satisfaction is greater than the schooling motivation on learning satisfaction, and schooling motivation has a positive impact on the experience. In addition, learning satisfaction has a positive and significant impact on word of mouth. Finally, this research puts forward specific suggestions on the school’s enrolment strategy.
  Keywords: Push-Pull-Mooring model; PPM; schooling motivation; learning satisfaction; experience; word-of-mouth marketing; WOM.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2023.10051146
   
  
• A Response to the Educational Roadblock Due to the Pandemic: How Can a University Virtual Tour Experience Affect Enrollment Intentions  
  by Hugo Nathanael Yuwono, Widia Resti Fitriani, Achmad Nizar Hidayanto, Sherah Kurnia 
  Abstract: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, most countries have prohibited physical and social gatherings. The same applies in the education sector, where open houses are forbidden. To help solve the issue, we decided to investigate the impact of virtual tour experiences on enrolment intentions. The virtual tour is a simulation experience incorporating various media device. The experiences felt by the participants were compiled via a survey participated by 325 high school students in Indonesia, where results were evaluated by PLS-SEM. The results show that enrolment intention is affected by four difference experiences. The sensory and behavioural experiences involve the physical actions related to the experience. The emotional and intellectual experiences involve the relationship between the participant’s psychology and the university’s image. This is one the earliest studies on the impact of virtual tours on enrolment intentions. It can be effective methods through its ability to give first-hand experience around the university.
  Keywords: virtual tour; university image; enrolment intentions; COVID-19 pandemic; experiences; innovation; learning.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2023.10051447
   
  
• The key factors of SMEs' resilience based on organisational behaviour theory  
  by Joseph Awali Sebuwufu, Binod Timilsina 
  Abstract: The global economic crisis and COVID-19 pandemic has increased turbulence and uncertainties in business environment, as a result small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are facing more challenges. However, there remain open questions, how SMEs cope, survive and develop strategies that orchestrate resilience during these times. Using a sample of 3,355 SMEs management configuration systems from European Union, the study explores how SMEs resiliently prevailed during 2008 financial crisis and decade onwards. The study, considered return on equity (ROE) ratio as a measure of resilience, explore the association of SMEs’ dynamic managerial capabilities, test the significance of management configurations, and propose an innovative framework that aims to improve competitiveness. The research demonstrated that top management configurations coupled with human resource management (HRM) could promote resilient performance during crisis and uncertain business environment. In addition, the study offers choices on management configuration to decision makers, highlights the research limitations and future studies.
  Keywords: dynamic capabilities; DCs; small and medium enterprise; SME; resilience; human resource management; HRM; organisational behaviour; OB; innovation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2023.10051540
   
  
• Urban University Students in Latin America's Perceptions of Covid-19 Imprisonment  
  by Edwin Hernan Ramirez-Asis, Martha Guerra-Muñoz, Roger Norabuena-Figueroa, Laura Nivin-Vargas, Juan Villanueva-Calderón, Eva Zarzosa-Marquez 
  Abstract: The coronavirus pandemic generates serious difficulties for the educational systems of Latin America, and the efforts to contain the contagion caused the unscheduled closure of universities; research explores the effects of the COVID-19 and the barriers to adequate classes not face-to-face in higher education in universities in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. The data was collected through online questionnaires to 856 students. The data were analysed using SPSS V26 software through factor analysis. The findings point to unfavourable effects, such as the fact that it impairs appropriate learning, extends the amount of time spent studying, creates debt for parents, and restricts pre-professional practises. On the other hand, to ensure that students can participate in non-contact classes during the pandemic, it will be necessary to overcome obstacles such as low levels of digital literacy, limited levels of connectivity, limited availability of shared computer equipment with family members, and insufficient instructional methods.
  Keywords: online education; coronavirus; virtual platform; lockdown; digital learning; special education; loss of resources; health concerns.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2023.10051847
   
  
• The Innovation of Electronic Module Integrated Job Sheet (E-MIJS) Chassis Dynamometer Teaching Materials to Improve Machine Performance Practicum Competence  
  by Ahmad Mustamil Khoiron, Pardjono Pardjono, Istanto Wahyu Djatmiko 
  Abstract: The learning process in the Automotive Engineering Education Study Program's Machine Performance Testing course is still proving tough due to the lack of an independent study guide. The electronic module chassis dynamometer is one of the learning aids that allows students to improve their competency outcomes while also supporting student learning independence. The electronic module integrated job sheet (E-MIJS) chassis dynamometer is a digital teaching material designed to facilitate students in the independent learning process in achieving the expected competencies. The 4D model development process was employed, which consists of four stages of development: definition, design, development, and distribution. The results showed that E-MIJS was placed in the appropriate category by material and media specialists. The difference in learning outcomes between pre-test and post-test findings demonstrates that E-MIJS is an effective and efficient tool for improving student competence.
  Keywords: Electronic Module Integrated Job Sheet; Chassis Dynamometer; Practicum Learning for Machine Performance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2023.10052417
   
  
• The Relation between Locus of Control and Creativity at Work: The Mediating Role of Workplace Informal Learning Strategies  
  by Sergio Santoro  
  Abstract: This study examines the effects of locus of control on creativity at work and whether workplace informal learning strategies mediate the relation between those two constructs. Structural equation modelling was used to evaluate the relationships in the research model. The hypotheses proposed in our research model were tested on a sample of 244 bank managers from all Brazilian regions. Results show that internal locus of control has a positive and significant effect on creativity at work; conversely, external locus of control has a non-significant effect on creativity at work. In addition, internal locus of control has a positive and significant effect on both cognitive and behavioural learning strategies. Cognitive learning strategies have a positive and significant effect on creativity at work, which indicates that workplace informal learning strategies partially mediate the relationship between locus of control and creativity at work.
  Keywords: locus of control; creativity at work; workplace informal learning strategies.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10052520
   
  
• Model Methodology for Shaping the Source Competence of Future History Teachers  
  by Altyngul Kaskabassova, Gulfira Otepova, Alma F. Dautova, Zamzagul A. Sabdanbekova, Aizhan Makisheva 
  Abstract: The current study sought to develop and evaluate a model for the formation of source analysis competence by future history teachers. Authors developed a methodological model for the formation of source competence of future history teachers based on the structuring method and assessed. Comparative analysis of the data of the diagnostic survey conducted based on the author’s questionnaire and the final control showed a significant increase in the level of formation of the source competence of the respondents in the experimental group. The current study suggests that modern history teachers are unprepared to use source analysis effectively during the educational process. The methodology developed by the authors to assess the level of formation of source competence may be useful in personnel competitions and professional hiring selection. The study opens prospects for new research in the field of professional development and effectiveness of history teachers.
  Keywords: professional training; innovation; source competence; learning; written sources; history teachers; methodology; methodological model.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10052669
   
  
• Accelerating Preservice Elementary School Teacher Students Problem Solving Skills through Online Case Study Discussion (OCSD)  
  by Ahmad Kamal Sudrajat, Hana Andriningrum, Supartinah Supartinah, Dita Purwinda Anggrella 
  Abstract: As part of adapting learning activities in universities during the pandemic, learning management using online discussions has begun to be in demand in distance education in Indonesia. Discussion helps students to acquire and share knowledge and skills in dealing with real teaching problems in the future. However, active participation among students and its implementation is still not optimal. Case studies were chosen to increase student participation in learning and problem solving skills. Forty-two preservice teacher students from the Elementary Education Department, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta participated in this study. Tasks are given as problem solving scenarios in group discussions with different topics for each meeting and group. This study used a mixed-method design. Problem solving skills are measured by problem solving tests and interviews with preservice teacher students. Our findings suggest that OCSD can improve problem solving skills. Using case studies trains student teacher candidates to face real problems in their classrooms.
  Keywords: case study; online discussion; preservice teacher; problem solving skills; PSS.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10052843
   
  
• Students’ engagement in online flipped Mandarin as a foreign language learning  
  by Wee Ling Kuan, Fitri Suraya Mohamad 
  Abstract: This study examines how students respond to online flipped Mandarin as a foreign language (MFL) learning regarding their behavioural, emotional, cognitive and agentic engagement. It also explores MFL students responses to language learning challenges provided via online flipped learning. This explanatory sequential mixed methods design study included 104 full-time undergraduate students participating in an elementary MFL course. The findings revealed that students were most involved in behavioural engagement and least in agentic engagement. The main code for language learning challenges was categorised into six themes: lack of self-efficacy, time management, social interaction issues, language elements, emotional problems, and physical environment constraints/technical difficulties. This study reveals that MFL students strived to adapt to the online flipped language learning approach compared to Mandarin language elements. Furthermore, it was observed that students had higher expectations of teacher being, which are affective aspects of being more involved in the learning context.
  Keywords: online flipped language learning; students’ engagement; Mandarin as a foreign language learning; Mandarin as a foreign language; MFL.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10053036
   
  
• Problem-Based Learning: Integrating Web-Quest and Case Study Strategies in Students with Hearing Impairments  
  by Perizat Parmankulova, Saule Zholdasbekova, Amangeldi Saipov, Dina Madieva, Kulzira Kassimbekova 
  Abstract: The study theoretically examines the practical implementation of web-quest and case-study strategies in teaching students with hearing impairments. Sixty students with hearing impairments from the Shymkent City Light Industry and Service College in Kazakhstan participated in web-quest interaction and case studies. Students provided information on three topics, which are general requirements for sewing, processing small finishing parts, and processing initial shelves and backs. The problem-based learning method was applied including task assignment, web research, teamwork, self-evaluation, and individual study. Participants presented their findings by print, PowerPoint, or video due to their hearing impairment. The web content was used in solving the case study tasks. By following the problem-based learning method, this study develops a training project for students with hearing impairments. The successful completion of the project reveals that integrating web-quest and case study strategies in training hearing-impaired students with practical skills is essential for their profession as fashion designers. An experiment has been conducted to prove the advantage and effectiveness of problem-based learning. Sixty students with hearing impairments took part in the experiment.
  Keywords: teaching students with hearing impairments; problem-based learning; method web-quest; method case-study; the advantage of problem-based learning; the effectiveness of problem-based learning.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10053099
   
  
• The Intention of Social Media Users in Adopting Environmental Tourism Recommendations in Indonesia: Transactive Memory System Perspective  
  by Dony Martinus Sihotang, Muhammad Faisar T.R, Rai I. Saraswati, Swastinika Naima M, Savira M. Santoso, Adhi Yuniarto, Achmad Nizar Hidayanto 
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate how information content related to tourism in Indonesia can influence the intention of social media users to adopt recommendations related to environmental tourism destinations. This study adopts transactive memory systems (TMS), which are currently an important factor in information sharing. In social media, tourism information sharing activities occur, so social media can be said to be TMS. This paper discusses three measures used by TMS, namely specialisation, credibility, and coordination. This study uses an empirical analysis of 170 social media users. The data collected were analysed using the partial least square (PLS) method, a statistical analysis technique based on structural equation modelling (SEM). Our findings reveal that TMS credibility is positively related to community commitment and communication quality. Likewise, with TMS coordination. But not for TMS specialisation; it was not found to be related to communication commitment and communication quality. Other findings reveal a significant relationship between community commitment and communication quality on acceptance of recommendations from social media.
  Keywords: transactive memory system; TMS; social media; tourism recommendations.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10053551
   
  
• The necessity of error management culture for employee satisfaction and innovation  
  by Philip Kardell 
  Abstract: This article applies the novel possibilities of Necessary Condition Analysis in order to evaluate the relationship between employee satisfaction, innovation and error culture. Based on a sample of 165 respondents from Denmark and Germany, this article finds that an error management culture is a necessary condition for innovation and employee satisfaction. The findings suggest that a high degree of innovation requires a high level of error management culture, whereas a high degree of satisfaction only requires a low degree of error management culture. Adding a new method to this field, the article hopes to set a new baseline for further investigation into the relevance of error culture. This paper contributes theoretically, practically, and methodologically to the field of error research.
  Keywords: Error management; satisfaction; innovation; error culture; necessary condition analysis .
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10054216
   
  
• Influences of Digital Checklists on Emergent Researchers’ Method Designs and Writing  
  by Chin-Wen Chien 
  Abstract: This study used writing samples, digital checklists, peer and self-evaluations, and interviews to explore the influences of digital checklists and genre writing instructional strategies on eleven Taiwanese emergent researchers’ method designs and writing. This study yielded the following findings. First, digital checklists provided the emergent researchers with step-by-step guidance in writing the method section. Second, genre writing instruction, consisting of the instructor’s modelling, explanations, task designs, provision of research projects and guiding questions, accompanied by peer and self-evaluations, facilitated the emergent researchers’ awareness and fostered their competence in academic writing.
  Keywords: academic writing; digital checklists; emergent research; genre writing instruction; method section.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10054624
   
  
• Examining the moderating and intervening effects of communication apprehension on perceived learning  
  by Kuei Chien Chiu, Rung-Ching Chen 
  Abstract: The spread of the COVID-19 epidemic has gradually altered educational paradigms into hybrid or online models. Understanding how students feel communication apprehension in virtual contexts has become a topic of increasing importance in the field of communication studies. Data was gathered from 470 first-year students at a private Taiwanese institution. The outcomes show that students with higher communication apprehension preferred technology because it required social presence. Secondly, teachers could play an active role in improving students’ technological learning through facilitating conditions. Thirdly, it is essential to develop favourable perceptions of the usefulness of technology in online courses. Finally, our study found that moderating effects of facilitating conditions and perceived usefulness directly impacted their attitude towards technology, which enhanced their overall perceived learning. We contend that once students develop a positive attitude towards technology, even first-year students taking online courses for the first time can achieve good academic performance.
  Keywords: online learning; distance education; improving classroom teaching; media in education; social media; teaching strategies.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10054625
   
  
• Mapping Innovation in educational contexts: drivers and barriers  
  by Lídia Serra, José Matias Alves, Diana Soares 
  Abstract: The present demand for school transformation considers innovation a tool that operates in a triangle of strengths: leadership, school cultures, and school accountability. Considering the growth and diversification of literature on this subject, we propose discussing the factors influencing innovation. This article exposes a literature review focused on the systematisation of factors that foster or inhibit innovation, presenting a qualitative classification sustained on two main criteria: organisational capital and professional capital. The built typology harmonises criteria concerning innovation’s functional, strategic, relational, behavioural, and environmental aspects. Additionally, it aims to fulfil an epistemic, phenomenological, and propositional purpose. The typology congregates a scheme of constructs that integratively systematise and organise 118 factors described in the literature that influence the school’s organisation.
  Keywords: innovation; typology; transformational capital; organizational capital; professional capital.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10054841
   
  
• MODELING THE PROCESS OF MORAL SOCIALIZATION FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS  
  by Gulmira Biisova, Artur Amirov, Abay Duisenbayev, Mira Baltymova 
  Abstract: Socialisation plays an important role in the development of students’ self-esteem and self- confidence. The main goal of the work is to analyse the processes of moral socialisation of high school students in the conditions of educational space on the basis of the experimental group. To achieve this goal the work used methods of theoretical modelling, questionnaires, as well as the method of hierarchy analysis. The research was conducted among high school students from the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation. The method of hierarchy analysis revealed that organisational and pedagogical and personal criteria are the most significant elements in the process of socialisation. Materials of the work on modelling the process of moral socialisation will be useful in pedagogical practice to develop new approaches to the implementation of the program of moral education and socialisation of schoolchildren.
  Keywords: educational space of school; pedagogical model; problem of education; younger generation; structure-activity model.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2023.10055682
   
  
• Organisational Innovation, Competitive Advantage, and Export Performance  
  by Sohail Ayaz Muhammad, Shankar Chelliah 
  Abstract: Despite ample research on the correlation between innovation and export performance, the mediating effect of competitive advantage on the two elements has been relatively unexplored. The study developed a framework that depicted the association between organisational innovation, competitive advantage, and export performance. Hypotheses on competitive advantage (differentiation advantage and low-cost advantage) that mediates the link between organisational innovation (product, production process, marketing, and managerial innovation) and export performance were tested through meta-analysis. The findings demonstrated that organisational innovation was a significant tool to gain superior export performance in the international market through competitive advantage. The results revealed a positive mediating effect of competitive advantage in relation to organisational innovation and export performance that support competitive advantage and dynamic capability theories. The study aimed to contribute to the existing literature by deducing the results, exploring the potential impact of competitive advantage on the link between organisational innovation and export performance. The findings have provided new insight to both researchers and practitioners about the vital role of organisational innovation in achieving a competitive advantage and superior export performance.
  Keywords: organisational innovation; competitive advantage; export performance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10055924
   
  
• Data Envelopment Analysis for identifying the most suitable cassava cultivar: A case study of various cultivated area in Thailand  
  by Naraphorn Paoprasert, Witsarooth Paisaltanakij, Piya Kittipadakul, Papis Wongchaisuwat 
  Abstract: This study analysed routine cassava plantation data to investigate the insights for suitable cultivars for various plantation areas based mainly on their efficiency. Data were classified into three sets at different collection periods and locations. Data envelopment analysis (DEA), a non-parametric method, was employed to evaluate the efficiency of each cultivar in each location. The effect of uncertainty was also captured using the Monte Carlo simulation approach. Various inputs such as soil pH value, soil nutrients, and rainfall were considered, whereas the outputs measured diverse perspectives of efficiencies. Although different datasets were analysed, HB80 was identified as the most stable cultivar in Thailand’s north eastern region. However, in some areas, where geological factors were varied, HB80 was not the most stable cultivar. Different inputs and outputs with the DEA yielded distinct insights, leading to diverse conclusions. Hence, identifying appropriate input and output measures for each use case is unavoidably important.
  Keywords: breeding; cassava; cassava production efficiency; data envelopment analysis; DEA; Monte Carlo simulation; innovation; Thailand.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2023.10056339
   
  
• Identifying Influential Factors in Computational Thinking Research via Game-Based Learning: A Comprehensive Content Analysis  
  by Ling-Hsiu Chen, Ha Thi The Nguyen 
  Abstract: This paper aims to review the research on developing computational thinking (CT) through game-based learning (GBL). The study is conducted over two periods, period 1 from 2010 to 2015 and period 2 from 2016 to 2020. A total of 41 published qualified articles were found based on keywords. The content analysis from the research articles provides the principal characteristics, the profile of international publication patterns and influential factors. The results indicate that the main characteristics are elementary schools for research background. The profile of international publication trends in the study is leading in the USA, ranking first among selected publications from the journal of Computers and Education, and the widespread authors in this period. Influential factors are Scratch popular language programming/tool. Moreover, to develop CT via GBL, educational effectiveness, design game, confidence, engagement, learning tool, and teaching method education are the factors indicated in the qualified research during 11 years.
  Keywords: computational thinking; game-based learning; GBL; content analysis; literature review; education effectiveness.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10056340
   
  
• An Exploratory Research on Resilience and Emotional Intelligence Among Teaching Professionals in Educational Sector  
  by Latha P, Nisha R 
  Abstract: The term 'emotional intelligence' (EI) refers to the capacity to recognise, manage, and evaluate emotions. Understanding, controlling, expressing, interpreting, and reacting to other people’s emotions is essential. Instructors’ Emotional Intelligence and how they handle pupils and the learning environment are of the utmost importance for controlling pupils and the learning environment. It helps teachers and students manage their stress and preserve workplace harmony. The study compares gender-based perspectives on the many factors influencing emotional Intelligence and resilience. In Tamil Nadu, 188 teaching staff from private institutions teaching engineering and the arts participated in the survey. Together with the respondents’ independent variables that explained the respondents’ demographics, the questionnaire included 12 significant dependent variables of resilience. The acquired data is examined using the SPSS software’s independent sample T-test and chi-square to compare the group means. The research’s key conclusions were examined, and advice was provided.
  Keywords: emotional intelligence; resilience; workplace; self-control; motivation; awareness; management skills; stress; IQ.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10056369
   
  
• How to foster student engagement with technology and the mediating role of the teacher’s strategy: Lessons learned in a problem-based learning university.  
  by Chiara Crovini 
  Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic drastically changed the world and impacted the higher education system. This study investigates whether specific technological tools and flipped classrooms properly engage the students in a small online class in a problem-based learning (PBL) environment and the role of teacher’s strategy. The research is based on action research and draws upon the theory of transactional distance and engagement interface. The fieldwork is a bachelor’s course in management accounting at a Danish business school. Data were collected from documents used for course development, the author’s observations, and a survey collecting student feedback. Findings underline that appropriate pedagogical and communication tools and teaching strategy were even more relevant to enhancing student engagement in an online class during the COVID-19 pandemic, thus shedding light on how to transform teachers’ challenges into opportunities also in the post-pandemic period, as teaching and learning require a co-constructive process between the teacher and students.
  Keywords: student engagement; problem-based learning; PBL; IT tools; flipped classroom; action research; management accounting.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10056564
   
  
• Activity Design for Cultivating Students’ Online Inquiring Minds and Journalistic Skills  
  by Xiaohong Zhang, Kaoru Matsubayshi, Kenichi Kubota 
  Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine how students improved their inquiring minds and journalistic skills through designed activities in a journalism course based on a case study. This research was conducted in a Japanese university course, called 'internet journalism in practice' . The authors conducted mixed method including Participant Observation and questionnaire investigation to collect and analyse data. The authors identified that the following five design elements were important in activities to cultivate students’ inquiring minds and journalistic skills. These elements were: 1) role-playing as journalists in a team; 2) visualisation of scaffolding of the four-pattern framework; 3) situational support of writing techniques and critical thinking; 4) game elements that made students experience fun and the unexpected; 5) encouraging students’ active participation to critique assignments online after they reached a higher level of journalistic and critical thinking skills.
  Keywords: activity design; journalistic skills; inquiring minds; news report writing; blended learning environment; journalism education; active learning; blended learning environment.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2023.10056649
   
  
• Business school strategies for successful research commercialisation process in Thailand  
  by Sasivimol Meeampol, Bordin Rassameethes 
  Abstract: The research aimed to explore the role of the business school beyond the university technology transfer office as part of empirical research. Data was gathered on alternative products, life span, market size, entry barriers, potential long-run growth rate, trend and taste of potential customers, and total market potential. The study analysed the research outputs of more than 100 products using three techniques: technology readiness levels, General Electric/McKinsey matrix, and consulting, and developed a strategy for bringing individual research-based products to the marketplace. The paper argues that the success of the research commercialisation process relies on the development of appropriate assessment criteria, strategies, business attractiveness, competitive strength of research, and researchers' willingness to commercialise. The business school's role is to formulate strategies appropriate for the circumstances. Thus, business school intervention can create mutual trust between stakeholders and contribute significantly to a thriving research commercialisation process, substantially lessening the likelihood of failure.
  Keywords: consulting approach; General Electric/McKinsey matrix; research commercialisation; commercialisation; technology readiness levels; TRL; technology transfer; Thailand.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2023.10056165
   
  
• Women on boards and firm performance in Turkey: a case study of the Istanbul Stock Exchange  
  by Özlem Atay, Fatih Çetin, Elif Savaşkan 
  Abstract: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship of women on boards and firm performance. The research is based on the BIST-100 Index that consists of the 100 largest and most traded stocks from various sectors in Turkey. Data were collected from annual reports and company disclosures covering the 12-year period of 2010-2021. Using STATA software, we used a dynamic panel regression to test the effect of women on boards via two different company performance indicators as return of assets (ROA) and return of equity (ROE). The results have indicated that there is not any significant relationship between board gender diversity and measured firm performance indicators. Also, the significant role of board diversity on the firm performance in terms of education and learning is examined. As a conclusion, possible theoretical and implicational explanations are provided.
  Keywords: gender diversity; gender inequality; innovation and learning; women on board; Istanbul Stock Exchange; Turkey.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2023.10049795
   
  
• Alumni's perspectives on the training program of the universities administered by the Vietnam Ministry of Transport: an EFA-based descriptive study on CDIO  
  by Vu Thi Lan Anh, Nguyen Thi Thu Hang, Nguyen Loc 
  Abstract: This article reports on a study of four universities run by the Vietnam Ministry of Transport. The study uses a 40-Likert-seven-point-item questionnaire and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to analyse 312 alumni's perceptions on the academic program. The current academic program fulfils 45.19% of alumni soft skill, work communication, and work skill needs. The six scales derived from the 12 CDIO standards that influence alumni attitudes are, from strongest to weakest: 1) teaching and learning methods; 2) design-build experiences; 3) integrated curriculum expected; 4) learning outcomes; 5) assessment and evaluation; 6) faculty teaching skills. The EFA results show a good correlation between the six components, with R values of 0.922 and R² of 0.851. 85.10% of the six criteria explain the stakeholders' requirements. Sig. value 0.0005, from F (6, 305) = 289.788, shows that the regression model predicts alumni perspectives. The results provide clear evidence to the academic program designers of the four universities in the study when revising the academic program to approach the CDIO philosophy.
  Keywords: CDIO academic program; CDIO standards; alumni' perspectives; change management; EFA-based descriptive.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2023.10051964
   
  
• Principals' academic supervision based on humanistic spiritual values to increase student achievement motivation  
  by Yulius Rustan Effendi, Pieter Sahertian 
  Abstract: This study examines the key findings using qualitative research, case study, designs to describe the reasons for applying the humanistic spirituality approach in academic supervision by school principals and to describe the role of school principals in academic supervision activities based on humanistic spirituality values. To achieve the research objectives, the data was collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation studies. Data analysis used a modified analytical analysis method. Furthermore, the measurement of data validity is based on the level of credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The results of the study explained that the principals' approach in academic supervision activities based on the values of humanistic spirituality is very effective because it is in accordance with the emphasis of the independent curriculum which emphasises the importance of emphasising the values of humanistic spirituality in the school environment. In addition, it has an effect on increasing the teaching competence of teachers and also has an impact on increasing students' achievement and motivation in Catholic and Christian private junior high schools in Indonesia.
  Keywords: principal; academic supervision; humanistic spiritual values; student achievement motivation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2023.10054867
   
  
• 4C-based learning model as an effective tool in language classrooms: the case of Kazakh schools  
  by Gulzat Berkinbayeva, Zhanat Dauletbekova, Perizat Yelubayeva, Zhanna Bugybayeva 
  Abstract: The 4C-based learning model aims to develop students' communication, collaboration, critical thinking and creativity skills. These skills have been recognised by educators as essential elements in training successful professionals. However, a preliminary review of school curricula concluded that the 4C model is poorly applied, and the main focus is still on subject knowledge. For this reason, this study aims to develop and describe teaching strategies that could integrate the 4C model into a language learning process. As the main teaching method, cooperative learning was shown in teamwork, games, and case studies were selected for critical analysis. Hence, a fully visible gain in the 4C model development allows concluding that the resulting learning strategies were highly effective as didactic instrumentation. Practical implications are the didactic scenarios that could be used in foreign language teaching with the objective of both subject knowledge and universal competencies included in the 4C model.
  Keywords: 4C model; communication; critical thinking; collaboration; creativity; corporate learning.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2023.10050832
   
  
• Observing cognitive load during online learning with various task complexities: an eye tracking approach  
  by Prabaria Vesca Yulianandra, Suatmi Murnani, Paulus Insap Santosa, Sunu Wibirama 
  Abstract: E-learning has been used to support distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Unfortunately, little attention has been paid to the relationship between design complexity of an e-learning system, task complexity, and users' cognitive load. Here we conducted a novel investigation to observe effects of design complexity and task complexity towards users' cognitive load. Each group of participants was exposed to different interfaces of e-learning: low, medium, and high design complexity. Participants were asked to perform both simple and complex tasks. We used four instruments: eye tracking, cognitive load questionnaire, system usability scale (SUS), and user experience questionnaire (UEQ). Experimental results show that task complexity and design complexity significantly affect the eye tracking metrics (p < 0.05) and scores of cognitive load questionnaire (p < 0.05). Based on experimental results, we recommend an e-learning system with medium complexity to achieve minimum cognitive burden in online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  Keywords: user experience; e-learning; design complexity; task complexity; cognitive load; eye tracking.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2023.10051446
   
  
• A study on assessing innovation management capacity based on ISO 56002 for enterprises in Vietnam  
  by Nguyen Van Thanh, Ha Minh Hiep 
  Abstract: The survival of enterprises depends heavily on their ability to innovate. As the world becomes increasingly global and the development of new technologies is accelerating, the ability to innovate effectively may be even more important in the future. However, innovation management can be difficult and many managers feel frustrated that there is no clear method for doing it. The purpose of this study is to investigate the current state of innovation management of some enterprises in Vietnam and identify the main factors that affect innovation management in Vietnam's businesses. The reality of innovation management was analysed by a survey on innovation management of businesses in Vietnam based on dimensions specified in the innovation management standard ISO 560002. The survey result shows that many of the innovation elements in ISO 56002 are found in the practices of leading enterprises in Vietnam and that in Vietnam, larger-sized firms tend to struggle to apply the requirements of ISO 56002.
  Keywords: productivity measurement; SMEs performance analysis; innovation management; innovation; best practices for innovation management; innovation practices; ISO 56002; Vietnam.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2023.10047347
   
  
• Cognitive styles and informal learning strategies in the workplace: the mediating role of intrinsic motivation  
  by Sergio Santoro 
  Abstract: This study analyses the relationship between cognitive styles and managers' informal learning strategies. Intrinsic motivation is considered to be a mediating variable between these two constructs. Structural equation modelling was used to evaluate the relations in the research model. The hypotheses proposed in our research model were tested on a sample of 244 bank managers from all Brazilian regions. Results show that, from the three-dimensional model of cognitive styles, knowing cognitive style has a positive effect on both cognitive and behavioural learning strategies, whereas planning and creating cognitive styles have positive effects on behavioural learning strategies but they have non-significant effects on informal cognitive learning strategies. Intrinsic motivation mediates the relation between cognitive styles and informal learning strategies.
  Keywords: psychological trait; cognitive styles; workplace informal learning strategies; intrinsic motivation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2023.10047233
   
  
• Student emotions and online class engagement in the time of pandemic  
  by Fayrene Chieng, Fidella Tiew, Wendy Law, Lynn Yew Hua Ling 
  Abstract: In response to COVID-19 pandemic, universities around the world have been forced to shift to online study. The abrupt shift towards online learning compounded by social isolation and reduced interactions with teachers and peers may have taken a toll on students' emotions affecting their engagement. This study examined how positive and negative emotions influence online student engagement (OSE) in the time of pandemic. Quantitative research was conducted using an online survey that was administered to undergraduate students at a private university in East Malaysia, of which 207 have responded. The findings revealed that enjoyment and frustration influenced significantly and positively online student engagement. Conversely, anxiety and boredom are negatively related to online student engagement. This study improves understanding of students' academic emotions and their online engagement. It helps higher education administrators and policymakers to explore the influential effects of students' emotions on facilitating students' online engagement.
  Keywords: academic emotions; online student engagement; OSE; higher education; pandemic; Sarawak.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2023.10048199
   
  
• Tutorial experience during online learning: a topic modelling approach  
  by Chioma Okoro, Peter Baur, Oliver Takawira 
  Abstract: The role of tutoring in teaching and learning cannot be overemphasised. However, limited studies exist on tutors' strategies, tools, and techniques to assist in their role as teaching assistants. This study aimed to identify the strategies, tools, techniques, and challenges encountered during online tutoring during the lockdown periods necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The study employed a quantitative approach to collect data among tutors within a faculty in a higher education institution. Short-text data were analysed to output themes using topic modelling in supervised machine learning. Findings indicated that technology and tutors were helpful and appreciated during the period under investigation. The challenges were primarily technical and social. Similarities between students' and tutors' perceptions were noted. The study's findings are beneficial to higher education policymakers and authorities to better support tutors going forward. This is especially important as universities gradually reopen contact learning with blended/online approaches.
  Keywords: tutoring; students' performance; higher education; topic modelling; sentiment analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2023.10050123
   
  
• Training needs analysis: the impact of the quality of teaching on student learning, staff satisfaction, and institute business performance  
  by Keai Lim 
  Abstract: This training needs analysis (TNA) study investigated and determined the influence of teaching quality on student learning, staff satisfaction, and institute business performance. Various data collection methodologies were adopted based on Tobey and McGoldrick (2016) BPLL structure which was then subjected to respective data analysis tools and yielded training and non-training issues and training recommendations. It was observed that the deployment of competent academic staff and assurance of high teaching quality was required to better understand the diverse international students as a means to increase student recruitment rate and boost the business performance. The TNA findings also revealed that it was critical to ensure the motivation and attitude of the academic staff towards reskilling and upskilling in areas that would improve their work performance. Accordingly, four training recommendations with respective learning outcomes and overviews, and two non-training recommendations were proposed to heighten academic staff's global awareness and motivation at work.
  Keywords: BPLL framework; training needs analysis; TNA; quality teaching; student learning; staff satisfaction; business performance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2023.10048686