International Journal of Innovation and Learning (34 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• The necessity of error management culture for employee satisfaction and innovation  
  by Philip Kardell 
  Abstract: This article applies the novel possibilities of Necessary Condition Analysis in order to evaluate the relationship between employee satisfaction, innovation and error culture. Based on a sample of 165 respondents from Denmark and Germany, this article finds that an error management culture is a necessary condition for innovation and employee satisfaction. The findings suggest that a high degree of innovation requires a high level of error management culture, whereas a high degree of satisfaction only requires a low degree of error management culture. Adding a new method to this field, the article hopes to set a new baseline for further investigation into the relevance of error culture. This paper contributes theoretically, practically, and methodologically to the field of error research.
  Keywords: Error management; satisfaction; innovation; error culture; necessary condition analysis .
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10054216
   
  
• Examining the moderating and intervening effects of communication apprehension on perceived learning  
  by Kuei Chien Chiu, Rung-Ching Chen 
  Abstract: The spread of the COVID-19 epidemic has gradually altered educational paradigms into hybrid or online models. Understanding how students feel communication apprehension in virtual contexts has become a topic of increasing importance in the field of communication studies. Data was gathered from 470 first-year students at a private Taiwanese institution. The outcomes show that students with higher communication apprehension preferred technology because it required social presence. Secondly, teachers could play an active role in improving students’ technological learning through facilitating conditions. Thirdly, it is essential to develop favourable perceptions of the usefulness of technology in online courses. Finally, our study found that moderating effects of facilitating conditions and perceived usefulness directly impacted their attitude towards technology, which enhanced their overall perceived learning. We contend that once students develop a positive attitude towards technology, even first-year students taking online courses for the first time can achieve good academic performance.
  Keywords: online learning; distance education; improving classroom teaching; media in education; social media; teaching strategies.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10054625
   
  
• Organisational Innovation, Competitive Advantage, and Export Performance  
  by Sohail Ayaz Muhammad, Shankar Chelliah 
  Abstract: Despite ample research on the correlation between innovation and export performance, the mediating effect of competitive advantage on the two elements has been relatively unexplored. The study developed a framework that depicted the association between organisational innovation, competitive advantage, and export performance. Hypotheses on competitive advantage (differentiation advantage and low-cost advantage) that mediates the link between organisational innovation (product, production process, marketing, and managerial innovation) and export performance were tested through meta-analysis. The findings demonstrated that organisational innovation was a significant tool to gain superior export performance in the international market through competitive advantage. The results revealed a positive mediating effect of competitive advantage in relation to organisational innovation and export performance that support competitive advantage and dynamic capability theories. The study aimed to contribute to the existing literature by deducing the results, exploring the potential impact of competitive advantage on the link between organisational innovation and export performance. The findings have provided new insight to both researchers and practitioners about the vital role of organisational innovation in achieving a competitive advantage and superior export performance.
  Keywords: organisational innovation; competitive advantage; export performance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10055924
   
  
• An Exploratory Research on Resilience and Emotional Intelligence Among Teaching Professionals in Educational Sector  
  by Latha P, Nisha R 
  Abstract: The term 'emotional intelligence' (EI) refers to the capacity to recognise, manage, and evaluate emotions. Understanding, controlling, expressing, interpreting, and reacting to other people’s emotions is essential. Instructors’ Emotional Intelligence and how they handle pupils and the learning environment are of the utmost importance for controlling pupils and the learning environment. It helps teachers and students manage their stress and preserve workplace harmony. The study compares gender-based perspectives on the many factors influencing emotional Intelligence and resilience. In Tamil Nadu, 188 teaching staff from private institutions teaching engineering and the arts participated in the survey. Together with the respondents’ independent variables that explained the respondents’ demographics, the questionnaire included 12 significant dependent variables of resilience. The acquired data is examined using the SPSS software’s independent sample T-test and chi-square to compare the group means. The research’s key conclusions were examined, and advice was provided.
  Keywords: emotional intelligence; resilience; workplace; self-control; motivation; awareness; management skills; stress; IQ.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10056369
   
  
• How to foster student engagement with technology and the mediating role of the teacher’s strategy: Lessons learned in a problem-based learning university.  
  by Chiara Crovini 
  Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic drastically changed the world and impacted the higher education system. This study investigates whether specific technological tools and flipped classrooms properly engage the students in a small online class in a problem-based learning (PBL) environment and the role of teacher’s strategy. The research is based on action research and draws upon the theory of transactional distance and engagement interface. The fieldwork is a bachelor’s course in management accounting at a Danish business school. Data were collected from documents used for course development, the author’s observations, and a survey collecting student feedback. Findings underline that appropriate pedagogical and communication tools and teaching strategy were even more relevant to enhancing student engagement in an online class during the COVID-19 pandemic, thus shedding light on how to transform teachers’ challenges into opportunities also in the post-pandemic period, as teaching and learning require a co-constructive process between the teacher and students.
  Keywords: student engagement; problem-based learning; PBL; IT tools; flipped classroom; action research; management accounting.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10056564
   
  
• Improved Personalised Learning Pedagogy through Mobile Computing Model for South African Higher Education learners  
  by Refilwe Mogase, Billy Kalema, Tope Adeyelure 
  Abstract: The Fourth Industrial Revolution, COVID-19, and the rise of The Fourth Industrial Revolution and COVID-19 necessitate personalised learning (PL) to adapt and utilise virtual environments for education. However, many current PL approaches lack adaptability, flexibility, and consideration for the South African educational system. This study aimed to create a mobile computing PL model (MPCL) that enhances learner motivation. Through factor analysis and principal component analysis (PCA), influential PL factors were identified and a conceptual model was developed. A South African university provided data via an online questionnaire, which was quantitatively analyzed. The results revealed that factors such as social support and outcome expectations significantly impacted MPCL, while content currency did not contribute significantly. This research expands the limited knowledge on MPCL and establishes a basis for future investigations. The developed model can serve as a platform for subsequent researchers to build upon in related research areas.
  Keywords: mobile computing; personalised learning; personalised learning environments; mobile computing personalised learning; MCPL; principal component analysis; PCA.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10056981
   
  
• Chinese University Students’ Attention Level During COVID-19 Pandemic  
  by Xiaolan Wu, Hui Li, Chunjuan Gao, Lei Shen, Hasan Tinmaz 
  Abstract: The level of attention that university students can pay to their study is one of the important factors influencing their academic achievements, especially during the COVID-19 period, with online courses. The aim of this study is to find out the factors that influence university students’ attention level. A questionnaire containing about students’ level of attention during online courses was completed by English-majored students of different professional directions in a Chinese university (n = 611). Comparative tests show that gender difference in the attention level is significant in that female students take COVID-19 more seriously than male students take as they cheat less and work harder; female students have greater level of attention than male students do. Test results also show that grade difference is statistically significant in that freshmen have the greatest level of attention, and junior students are easier to adapt to online education and to use online platform.
  Keywords: students’ attention level; online learning; COVID-19; university; China.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10057177
   
  
• Does marketing capabilities explain the indirect nexus between learning orientation and firm performance?  
  by Kassimu Issau 
  Abstract: This research examines whether marketing capabilities explain the indirect nexus between learning orientation and small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) performance. The study employed a quantitative research approach and explanatory research design in finding answers to the set objectives of the study through the use of a structured research questionnaire. This study established that learning orientation-marketing capabilities and marketing capabilities-firm performance linkages are substantial whilst learning orientation-firm performance nexus is weak. Accordingly, marketing capabilities have a partial mediating effect on the relationship between learning orientation and firm performance. Thus, SME managers are entreated to adopt a proactive management philosophy that is typified by a learning orientation posture that supports marketing capabilities initiatives in order to improve performance. Through learning, SME managers would be able to determine the kind of products, price and promotion strategies that resonate well with the target market and hence help improve performance.
  Keywords: resource-based view; RBV; learning orientation; marketing capabilities; firm performance; PLS-SEM.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10057195
   
  
• Perceived integration of academic accreditation in the development of human resources capabilities  
  by NIZAR RAISSI, Bander Alrebeay 
  Abstract: The study seeks to understand the role played by accreditation in determining the employees’ behaviour and to analyse the relationship between accreditation criteria and human resources (HR) capabilities. To respond to this problematic, the research has been based on investigation and it used a sample of 4 public universities presented by 203 employees. Data is collected from multiple sources of evidence, including survey, a focus group, and semi-structured interviews. Thus, the methodology adopted was the analytical approach through modelling relationships of multiples variables based on structural equation model (PLS-SEM). The findings approved that exist an indirect relationship between staff and faculty determinants and HR capabilities. Furthermore, the professional development and evaluation as accreditation criteria influence the determinants of HR capabilities through the decrypting of engagement of people which ensure equilibrium between the intention of employees and their confidence level to promote their skills and behaviour.
  Keywords: accreditation; engagement of people; human capabilities; intention; involvement.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10057422
   
  
• Framework for Identifying Improvement Levers in National Innovation Systems Through International Benchmarks: Case of Morocco, Turkey and Spain  
  by Siham Hamidi, Abdelaziz Berrado 
  Abstract: The global conjuncture in general, and the COVID crisis combined with the Ukraine war in particular, continue to demonstrate how crucial innovation is, not only for the growth of any economy, but also for the stability and prosperity of nations. Furthermore, the context of globalisation and market openness requires efficient monitoring and assessment of national innovation systems (NISs) to allow efficient interventions of decision makers. This paper presents a methodological framework for the analysis of a country’s NIS in an international context, and the identification of relevant levers for its improvement. This paper also presents case studies where the proposed framework is applied to analyse three NISs, namely those of Morocco, Turkey and Spain. These NISs are analysed qualitatively and quantitatively with suggestion of improvement levers. The scope of these case studies is global, using the Global Innovation Index data over 5 years (2015 to 2019), and data analysis techniques.
  Keywords: national innovation systems; NISs; Global Innovation Index; Moroccan national innovation system; Turkish national innovation system; Spanish national innovation system.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10057529
   
  
• Innovation in microenterprises in the 21st century: a systematic literature review  
  by Anneli Bäck, Matti Muhos, Peetu Virkkala 
  Abstract: This study presents a systematic literature review of innovation in microenterprises between 2000 and 2022. Despite their potential for economic growth and even though the number of studies on microenterprise innovation has recently grown microenterprises remain an under-researched topic. Therefore, an overall analysis of what has already been found by earlier studies on the innovation in microenterprises could benefit the field. The study summarises the findings of 105 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. The 14 themes found by the thematic analysis are integrated into a framework which links the antecedents, external resources and internal processes of innovation together with capabilities and innovation outcomes. The study points out measures for enhancing innovation and sustainable growth of microenterprises. In addition, it suggests policy recommendations and directions for future research.
  Keywords: entrepreneurship; innovation; microenterprises; owner-manager; systematic literature review.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10058298
   
  
• ENHANCING PHYSICS LABORATORY EXPERIMENT THROUGH AN INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN MODEL USING FLIPPED CLASSROOM: A CASE STUDY IN A COLLEGE PHYSICS COURSE IN VIETNAM  
  by Van Thien N.G.O.  
  Abstract: This study examined the effects of an instructional model using a flipped classroom (FC) on students’ ability to conduct a laboratory physics experiment. A mixed research method was used. In the quantitative method, the questionnaire on students’ perception of their ability to perform a physical laboratory experiment was used before and after the intervention study. The student interview was conducted as a qualitative method. Seventy first-year students of the Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering participated in the study. The results show that there is a significant difference in the perception of their ability to conduct a physical laboratory experiment between the experimental and control groups. The interview results demonstrated that the use of the FC model for the physics laboratory improved the students’ experimental competencies.
  Keywords: physics laboratory; experimental competencies; instructional design; flipped classroom; students’ perception of learning; Vietnam.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10058299
   
  
• The use of Instagram as a teaching resource in Higher Education  
  by José Fernández Cerero, Marta Montenegro Rueda 
  Abstract: The use of new technologies as an educational tool to improve the teaching and learning process is a more attractive alternative to conventional classes. In this sense, the use of social networks plays a fundamental role in society. The present research consists of a literature review with the aim of finding out about the use of Instagram in higher education. A total of nine articles out of 93 studies were found through various databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Google Academic and Scielo), as they exceeded the established criteria. Despite the scarcity of studies on the subject, the results showed that they have a positive effect on the educational process, improving motivation, acquisition and transmission of content seen in class.
  Keywords: higher education; ICT; Instagram; social medias and literature review.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10058533
   
  
• A Study on Employees’ Knowledge-Sharing Behavior Evidence from Logistics Firms in Vietnam  
  by Hoang Phung Nguyen Bach, Quang Dung Truong, Nam Tien Duong 
  Abstract: Knowledge sharing (KS) has been an essential part of logistics systems. Besides, the advancement of mobile devices and virtual communities has changed how information and working behaviours are processed and promoted KS activities in logistic firms. Therefore, with the integration of three theories, including social influence, technology acceptance model, and social cognition, this study aims to explore the antecedents of mobilised KS intention and behaviour and to make a more comprehensive framework for mobilised KS. A structured questionnaire investigated 377 employees in 31 units in logistics firms. The study found that social influence factors were positively related to the mobilised KS intention, and KS intention was also positively associated with KS behaviour. However, technology trust has a moderating effect on the relationship between mobilised KS intention and behaviour. This study’s novelty is integrating the antecedents of mobilised KS intention and behaviour into three theories.
  Keywords: knowledge sharing; logistics; behaviours; intentions; technology; Vietnam.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10058534
   
  
• Research Trends and Directions in Learning Spaces: A Scientometric Analysis Based on CiteSpace and VOSviewer  
  by Baiyu Jiang, Jestin Nordin, Najib Salleh 
  Abstract: Using scientometric visualisation tools (i.e., CiteSpace and VOSviewer), this study analyses Scopus database publications on learning space research to illustrate trends and identify potential directions in this multidisciplinary field. The findings demonstrate a three-stage development and emphasise the interaction of spatial and non-spatial elements. The study encourages an in-depth comprehension of learning spaces and their influence on instructional strategies and student results. It highlights the requirement for a multidisciplinary approach that includes paedagogy, social science, information science, and architecture for cutting-edge research paradigms. The study also highlights research frontiers, including the connection between learning spaces and online learning, COVID-19, and creativity. This study contributes to a nuanced understanding of learning spaces and their role in fostering effective teaching and learning experiences in the 21st century by offering insightful information that can be used as a reference by education authorities, school planning and construction departments, and information technology departments.
  Keywords: learning space; scientometric; research trend; research direction; CiteSpace; VOSviewer.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10058578
   
  
• A Study on Organizational Support Policies, HRM Practices and Organizational Performance: Evidence from logistics firms in Vietnam  
  by Thuy Dung Pham Thi  
  Abstract: The study aims to explore the relationship between HRM practices, knowledge sharing (KS), organisational performance (OP), and organisational support policies (OSP) based on the social exchange theory. The logistics managers who were willing to assist distributed 799 questionnaires to employees with at least one year of working experience. The survey yielded 610 valid responses, with a 76% response rate. According to research findings: 1) employees engaged in KS more frequently when logistics firms had better HRM practices; 2) logistics firms that have better HRM systems become more innovative organisations with high performance; 3) HRM practices were strengthened by employees’ OSP. A strategic approach to HRM can be derived from research results. Through team interactions and sharing, knowledge can be developed, and employees can become more innovative. In addition, employees’ KS can be reinforced by OSP.
  Keywords: support policy; HRM; practices; organisation; performance; logistics; Vietnam.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10058911
   
  
• SME OPERATIONAL BID THROUGH ADVERSITY AND TURBULENT ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT: RESILIENCE THROUGH DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES.  
  by Joseph Awali Sebuwufu, Binod Timilsina 
  Abstract: The existing literature provides limited evidence on “how small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) grow, develop, and sustain their operations in the long-run” within the scope of this question, this conceptual paper suggests a holistic hypothetical construct of a dynamic business model (DBM). The DBM strives for strategic value capturing towards agility for enhancing SMEs competitiveness and resilience. Management by values (MBVs), analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and sand cone model (SCM) provides the theoretical foundation to the suggested DBM. The study extends the literature on SMEs, business model innovation, and suggests a fundamental lean plan for balancing efficiency and flexibility, as a managerial implication.
  Keywords: business model; innovation; strategic management; dynamic capabilities; small and medium-sized enterprises; SMEs; resilience.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10058962
   
  
• Acceleration as an Ecosystem’s Unique Mechanism: A Systematic Literature Review and Ecosystem Acceleration Model  
  by Rovian Dill Zuquetto, Bibiana Martins, Mateus Santini, Paola Schaeffer, Kadígia Faccin 
  Abstract: Accelerators can go beyond the direct impact on the startups’ performance. They constitute a recent field of research that grew significantly in 2016. We conducted a systematic literature review with bibliometric and content analysis to understand how it developed. We propose some questions: Does an ecosystem need an accelerator, and if so, need a specific kind of accelerator? We also explore the prospects and opportunities for research related to ecosystems and acceleration. We identified that ecosystems need acceleration programs aligned with the actors involved and propose some paths to avoid pitfalls. We present six research streams to explore in this field: more variety of methods, comparison between models and practices, evaluation of different programs and impact on the ecosystems, more diversity of contexts, focus on specific sectors, and the role of innovation intermediaries in ecosystems. Finally, we added the networking component to the acceleration definition.
  Keywords: business accelerator; acceleration; ecosystem; open innovation; bibliometric analysis; content analysis; startups; venture capital; business ecosystem; entrepreneurial ecosystem.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10059149
   
  
• A Systematic Literature Review of The Implementation of Open Education: In the Indonesian Context  
  by Naufal Ishartono, Siti Hajar Halili, Rafiza Razak 
  Abstract: Many systematic literature reviews have examined open education. However, Indonesia’s open education implementation has been barely studied. This study used the systematic literature review method to examine the implementation of open education in Indonesia. The study was conducted through a rigorous article selection using PRISMA and PICO frameworks. As many as 26 of 64 studies gained from the Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases and published from 2013 to 2022 were analysed and synthesised. This analysis found 34% of articles published in 2020 and 61% employed qualitative approaches. Technology analysis and application were the most researched topics, followed by institutional policy analysis. Finally, open education has numerous benefits and drawbacks, particularly in learning support facilities. This study also discusses whether Indonesia should continue using open education and recommends research. The findings can be a reference for researchers and stakeholders worldwide about the benefits and constraints of implementing open learning.
  Keywords: open education; Massive Open Online Courses; MOOCs; distance education; PRISMA; PICO.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10059404
   
  
• Smartphone-Based Learning and Academic Performance in Higher Education Institutions: Extending Task-Technology-Fit with Technology Readiness Constructs  
  by Mohannad Ayyash, Maan A. A. Alkhateeb, Rania A. M. Abdalla 
  Abstract: The task-technology fit (TTF) framework emphasises the congruence between learning tasks, technological capabilities, and learners’ requirements in smartphone-based learning. It has the potential to improve academic performance, but a review of existing literature indicates a lack of agreement on the relationship between mobile devices and the academic performance of students. In addition, the original TTF was introduced to predict firm performance and technology adoption without considering individual characteristics. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate how smartphone-based learning in TTF and related technology readiness index (TRI) constructs (including personal innovativeness and optimism) affect university students’ academic performance. A total of 163 valid responses were collected and used in data analysis. The results indicated that task characteristics, personal innovativeness, and optimism have a significant positive influence on TTF, while technology characteristics are not significant. In addition, TTF shows a direct positive and significant influence on students’ academic performance.
  Keywords: task-technology fit; TTF; technology readiness; smartphone-based learning; academic performance; task characteristics; technology characteristics; personal innovativeness; optimism.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10059639
   
  
• The Role of Psychological Empowerment Dimensions in Promoting Innovative Work Behaviors via Creative Self-efficacy in the Indian Automobile Industry: An Empirical Investigation Using PLS-SEM and IPMA  
  by M. Jyothi Sheeba, Prabu Christopher B 
  Abstract: Although there is an extensive amount of literature on innovative work behaviour (IWB), there is a paucity of studies that focus on IWB in Indian automakers. In addition, there is a dearth of studies looking at how psychological empowerment dimensions influence IWBs like creativity and innovation capability. A quantitative study with questionnaire was used to survey 500 research and development (R&D) staff. Data was analysed using PLS-SEM. Only the competence and self-determination components of psychological empowerment significantly affect employees’ creativity, although all four dimensions positively affect innovative capability. Impact alone has little effect on creative self-efficacy. Creative self-efficacy mediates between psychological empowerment dimensions (except impact dimension) and innovative work behaviours. This study uses the importance-performance matrix analysis (IPMA) methodology to identify the important constructs to prioritise managerial actions. Employees view self-determination and meaning as the most significant factors for creativity and innovation capability respectively, according to IPMA.
  Keywords: creativity; innovation capability; psychological empowerment; innovative behaviours; importance-performance matrix analysis; IPMA; innovative work behaviour; IWB.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10059703
   
  
• Policy instruments to promote and develop transferable skills to increase the employability of higher education graduates  
  by Dusan Lesjak 
  Abstract: Horizontal and vertical mismatch of employed higher education graduates and their unemployment has been a growing problem of the Slovenian over the last decade. Therefore, the ministry, responsible for higher education has developed and implemented various policy instruments to encourage institutions to develop transferable skills and competences expected by the labour market. An analysis and comparison of the characteristics of the policy instruments has been carried out as a case study. The contribution concludes with a reflection on additional features and objectives of possible further usage of policy instruments related to recent global developments in the higher education area and wider. A limitation of this case study is that it has not been possible to present the effects of the instruments, as some have recently ended, others are ongoing or have just started.
  Keywords: higher education; transferable skills; competences; students; graduates; employability; labour market; policy instruments; innovation; Slovenia.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10059886
   
  
• Predicting Mathematics Teachers’ TPACK Using Technology Access, Teacher Training, and Technology Use  
  by Joseph Njiku 
  Abstract: Technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) has been considered relevant and useful for effective technology integration in education, but it is also influenced by various factors worth investigating. This study examined the relationship between mathematics teachers’ TPACK and teacher training, technology access, and technology use. Participants were 125 mathematics teachers from Dar es Salaam, Tanzania who filled in the TPACK survey scale. Descriptive analysis showed that teachers with training, access, and use of technology had higher TPACK than those without. Regressions analysis showed that in-service and pre-service teacher training and the use of technology for administrative activities were significant predictors of TPACK. Surprisingly, instructional use of technology was not a significant predictor of TPACK just as was the case with access to technology. These findings suggest the need to address technology integration beyond the simple provision of hardware and software to include teacher training and actual use.
  Keywords: teacher training; technology access; technology integration; technology use; TPACK; mathematics teachers.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10059915
   
  
• Impacting factors and effects of college student learning satisfaction: a comparative study  
  by Wenjing Liu, Yi Yang, Shenli Peng 
  Abstract: This study conducted comparative analyses on impacting factors and effects of college student learning satisfaction between online and offline teaching mode. The results demonstrated that: 1) students’ learning satisfaction for offline teaching mode was significantly higher than that for online mode; 2) teacher-student interaction, student-student interaction, course content and teacher quality were significantly positively correlated with both online and offline learning satisfaction, respectively. Furthermore, teacher-student interaction and student-student interaction positively predict offline learning satisfaction, while student-student interaction and teacher quality positively predict online learning satisfaction; 3) offline learning satisfaction significantly affected students’ evaluation of learning outcomes as well as their preference of teaching mode. Specifically, the more satisfaction they had of offline teaching mode, the students were more likely to indicate the learning outcomes of offline courses was higher than that of online courses, and prefer to choose offline teaching mode as well as the blended teaching mode.
  Keywords: learning satisfaction; online teaching mode; offline teaching mode; impacting factors.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10060086
   
  
• CULTURE SHOCK IN THE POST COVID-19 ERA: TOWARD A NEW NORMAL ACADEMIC LIFE  
  by WALTER VESPERI, Navneet Gera, Concetta L. Cristofaro, MARZIA VENTURA 
  Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound consequences on the behaviour and habits of people in organisations. The objective of this study is to analyse the level of culture shock (CS) that university students have manifested after the period of distance learning (DL) and their physical return to university facilities. The Mumford (1998) questionnaire for the measurement of culture shock (CSQ) was implemented. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected from 341 questionnaires. The survey sample consists of university students from 5 different Italian universities. The study offers an innovative application to CSQ questionnaire (1998). Results show that university students suffer from culture shock when they return to university facilities after distance learning. Women with an average age above 30, in large universities, is the category most affected by culture shock. The results can help universities introduce actions to aid students’ psychological and emotional well-being.
  Keywords: culture shock; CS; university student; COVID-19; questionnaire CSQ; academic culture; human resource development; HRD.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10060136
   
  
• Model of Active Innovation Resistance (AIR) in Automotive Industry of Iran  
  by Maryam Shabani, Frederic Marimon Viadiu, Juan Jose Tari 
  Abstract: The aim of this research is to provide a scale to measure the barriers of consumers towards the acquisition of passengers' vehicles equipped with innovations, and assess the mediation role of these innovations to achieve intention to buy. Data is collected by Delphi method via 13 questionnaires including 33 influencing factors on Innovation resistance are distributed among 13 participants who are selected by purposive sampling specifically by expert sampling type as the panel of experts of Iranian car manufacturing company. The model of active innovation resistance in automotive industry is introduced for the first time in Iran, moreover one factor influencing on active innovation resistance ‘after sales services’ is added to previous studies in this context so the final model of this research is rendered and examined in the Iranian automotive industry for purchasing passenger vehicles for the first time.
  Keywords: active innovation resistance; intention to buy; ITB; product innovation; automotive industry; Iran.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10060296
   
  
• Predicting the Antecedents of Digital Readiness of Teachers by Examining the Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction.  
  by Twinkle Trivedi, HIRAL VORA, Viral Bhatt 
  Abstract: The main aim of this paper is to assess teacher’s digital readiness. This readiness may lead towards a positive behaviour towards utilisation of such digital technology in teaching learning process to engage pupils. This research predicts higher education teachers’ digital preparedness for online instruction and the antecedents that shapes instructors’ digital readiness. The present study attempted to fill a gap in existing studies in the context of change management. A variance-based SEM on 480 cross-sectional survey responses was performed by using ADANCO. The research found that teachers’ commitment had the greatest influence on their digital readiness, whereas role clarity is second most influential variable for the teacher’s digital readiness. This research also demonstrates job satisfaction’s favourable and substantial mediation impact between antecedents influencing teachers’ digital readiness and their overall readiness for digital changes.
  Keywords: digital readiness; online learning; change management; higher education.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10060313
   
  
• Links between innovation and inclusive education: a qualitative analysis of teachers’ and leaders’ perceptions  
  by Cecilia Latorre-Cosculluela, Erika Sin-Torres, Silvia Anzano-Oto 
  Abstract: Educational innovation is considered an essential element for the achievement of quality inclusive education. This study, based on a qualitative methodological approach, analyses the perceptions of education professionals (nine teachers and ten leaders) about innovation processes from an inclusive paradigm. The results reveal the inexistence of a common framework that delimits educational innovation. Differences are observed based on the experiences of these professionals. Teachers claim the need to establish common innovation projects in schools so that they have sufficient information and training at their disposal to allow them to develop innovative processes. All this, considering the need to respond to the objective of sustainable development that defends an equitable and quality education for all.
  Keywords: educational innovation; attention to diversity; inclusion; perceptions; educational change; improvement.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10060368
   
  
• A measurement instrument for open innovation value co-creation in ICT start-ups: An emerging economic perspective  
  by Nayanthara Samarasinghe, Thanuja Sandanayake, Dinesh Samarasinghe 
  Abstract: Open innovation has emerged as a crucial driver of startup growth and competitiveness in the ICT sector. However, measuring the effectiveness of open innovation value co-creation remains a challenge due to the dearth of studies, particularly in the context of Sri Lankan ICT startups. This paper aims to address this gap by developing a quantitative measurement instrument for open innovation value co-creation. The study explores the key dimensions of open innovation value co-creation and identifies relevant measures that can capture the performance of Sri Lankan ICT startups. The measurement instrument is based on a review of priori-based literature as well as empirical data collected from a representative sample. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used on primary data collected from ICT startups. The developed measure was tested for reliability and validity and it consisted of two main dimensions, four sub-dimensions and 13 indicators.
  Keywords: open innovation; value creation; value capture; ICT startups; value co-creation; quantitative measurement instrument; emerging markets.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10060757
   
  
• Students' engagement in online flipped Mandarin as a foreign language learning  
  by Wee-Ling Kuan, Fitri Suraya Mohamad 
  Abstract: This study examines how students respond to online flipped Mandarin as a foreign language (MFL) learning regarding their behavioural, emotional, cognitive and agentic engagement. It also explores MFL students' responses to language learning challenges provided via online flipped learning. This explanatory sequential mixed methods design study included 104 full-time undergraduate students participating in an elementary MFL course. The findings revealed that students were most involved in behavioural engagement and least in agentic engagement. The main code for language learning challenges was categorised into six themes: lack of self-efficacy, time management, social interaction issues, language elements, emotional problems, and physical environment constraints/technical difficulties. This study reveals that MFL students strived to adapt to the online flipped language learning approach compared to Mandarin language elements. Furthermore, it was observed that students had higher expectations of 'teacher being', which are affective aspects of being more involved in the learning context.
  Keywords: online flipped language learning; students' engagement; Mandarin as a foreign language learning; Mandarin as a foreign language; MFL.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10053036
   
  
• Identifying influential factors in computational thinking research via game-based learning: a comprehensive content analysis  
  by Ling-Hsiu Chen, Ha Thi The Nguyen 
  Abstract: This paper aims to review the research on developing computational thinking (CT) through game-based learning (GBL). The study is conducted over two periods, period 1 from 2010 to 2015 and period 2 from 2016 to 2020. A total of 41 published qualified articles were found based on keywords. The content analysis from the research articles provides the principal characteristics, the profile of international publication patterns and influential factors. The results indicate that the main characteristics are elementary schools for research background. The profile of international publication trends in the study is leading in the USA, ranking first among selected publications from the journal of Computers and Education, and the widespread authors in this period. Influential factors are Scratch popular language programming/tool. Moreover, to develop CT via GBL, educational effectiveness, design game, confidence, engagement, learning tool, and teaching method education are the factors indicated in the qualified research during the past 11 years.
  Keywords: computational thinking; game-based learning; GBL; content analysis; literature review; education effectiveness.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10056340
   
  
• Intention of social media users in adopting environmental tourism recommendations in Indonesia: transactive memory system perspective  
  by Dony Martinus Sihotang, T.R. Muhammad Faisar, Rai I. Saraswati, M. Swastinika Naima, Savira M. Santoso, Adhi Yuniarto, Achmad Nizar Hidayanto 
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate how information content related to tourism in Indonesia can influence the intention of social media users to adopt recommendations related to environmental tourism destinations. This study adopts transactive memory systems (TMS), which are currently an important factor in information sharing. In social media, tourism information sharing activities occur, so social media can be said to be TMS. This paper discusses three measures used by TMS, namely specialisation, credibility, and coordination. This study uses an empirical analysis of 170 social media users. The data collected were analysed using the partial least square (PLS) method, a statistical analysis technique based on structural equation modelling (SEM). Our findings reveal that TMS credibility is positively related to community commitment and communication quality, likewise with TMS coordination, but not for TMS specialisation; it was not found to be related to communication commitment and communication quality. Other findings reveal a significant relationship between community commitment and communication quality on acceptance of recommendations from social media.
  Keywords: transactive memory system; TMS; social media; tourism recommendations.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10053551
   
  
• Mapping innovation in educational contexts: drivers and barriers  
  by Lídia Serra, José Matias Alves, Diana Soares 
  Abstract: The present demand for school transformation considers innovation a tool that operates in a triangle of strengths: leadership, school cultures, and school accountability. Considering the growth and diversification of literature on this subject, we propose discussing the factors influencing innovation. This article exposes a literature review focused on the systematisation of factors that foster or inhibit innovation, presenting a qualitative classification sustained on two main criteria: organisational capital and professional capital. The built typology harmonises criteria concerning innovation's functional, strategic, relational, behavioural, and environmental aspects. Additionally, it aims to fulfil an epistemic, phenomenological, and propositional purpose. The typology congregates a scheme of constructs that integratively systematise and organise 118 factors described in the literature that influence the school's organisation.
  Keywords: innovation; typology; transformational capital; organisational capital; professional capital.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10054841
   
  
• Influences of digital checklists on emergent researchers' method designs and writing  
  by Chin-Wen Chien 
  Abstract: This study used writing samples, digital checklists, peer and self-evaluations, and interviews to explore the influences of digital checklists and genre writing instructional strategies on eleven Taiwanese emergent researchers' method designs and writing. This study yielded the following findings. First, digital checklists provided the emergent researchers with step-by-step guidance in writing the method section. Second, genre writing instruction, consisting of the instructor's modelling, explanations, task designs, provision of research projects and guiding questions, accompanied by peer and self-evaluations, facilitated the emergent researchers' awareness and fostered their competence in academic writing.
  Keywords: academic writing; digital checklists; emergent research; genre writing instruction; method section.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2024.10054624