International Journal of Innovation and Learning (45 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• The analysis of cross-applicational effectiveness of gamification in English teaching  
  by Jakub Helvich, Lukás Novák, Stepan Hubálovský, Katerina Juklová 
  Abstract: Over the last decade, gamification applications have successfully permeated the English language learning framework with promising results. However, there is still a notable scarcity of quality research on gamified English teaching. Specifically, how English teachers perceive individual gamification applications and how their perceptions differ. The objective is to compare English teachers' perceptions of gamification applications and explore their perceived differential impact on learners' motivation, language learning outcomes, GPAs, and applicability. A sample of 615 Czech English teachers was used to conduct a series of Kruskal-Wallis and subsequent post-hoc tests to examine the differences between four gamification applications (Kahoot!, Quizizz, Quizlet, and Wordwall). The analysis found no statistically significant difference between the applications in how they impact learners’ motivation, language learning outcomes, and GPAs, but statistically significant differences have been found between Quizizz, Kahoot!, and Quizlet in how they are applicable to English teaching.
  Keywords: gamification; English teaching; motivation; learning outcomes; applicability; gamification application; Kahoot!; Quizizz; Quizlet; Wordwall.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10066934
   
  
• An innovative framework for sensitive healthcare education in serious game design  
  by Abas Setiawan, Zaenal Abidin, Adhi Kusumastuti, Sri Ratna Rahayu 
  Abstract: Recently, serious games have been used in patient and health professional education. The lack of methods to design sensitive healthcare frameworks is a prevalent issue. Ensure a sensitive healthcare game is understandable and engaging for the user. This study proposed object specification, profile analysis, design and development, and implementation and evaluation (OSPADDIE), which amalgamates several methods to fill this gap. Enhancing serious game design for sensitive healthcare education was the goal. Methodical development uses instructional material, health data, and game mechanics. In a practical scenario, the Teeny Boy game was used to teach male circumcision. A methodical and complete methodology has allowed this app to deliver critical health information. In the study, serious games are used to teach sensitive healthcare themes. Health education’s challenges have tested the framework. Comparing the Teeny Boy game’s user experience to other serious health games showed the framework’s usefulness.
  Keywords: serious game; framework; sensitive healthcare; health education; male circumcision.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10066983
   
  
• The music rhythm tour board game for rhythmic sight-reading  
  by Denny Robert, Chwen Jen Chen 
  Abstract: Board games are recognised for their positive impact on learning across various disciplines. Despite their benefits, there is a noticeable lack of focus on utilising board games within music education. This study examined the effects of the music rhythm tour board game on rhythmic sight-reading ability among music learners aged 13-18 who completed their theory of music grade one. The quasi-experimental design involved a pre-test, gameplay sessions, and post-test with 36 participants from a music learning centre. The Music Rhythmic Reading Test (MRRT) measured participants’ rhythmic efficiency, focusing on note duration, timing, and tempo. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and paired t-tests, revealing significant post-test improvements in rhythmic sight-reading. Additionally, the analysis showed decreased rhythmic errors post-intervention. The results highlight the effectiveness of the music rhythm tour board game in enhancing rhythmic sight-reading skills and promoting game-based interventions in music education.
  Keywords: music education; rhythmic sight-reading; board game; rhythmic errors; quasi-experimental design; effectiveness.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10067327
   
  
• Digital skills, adaptive performance and sustainable employee performance: the case of social science graduates in an emerging market  
  by Dinh Van Hoang , Duong Bich Ngoc , Vu Hong Ha , Le Hien Trang  
  Abstract: This study aims to clarify the impact of digital skills on sustainable employee performance, emphasising the mediating role of adaptive performance among social science graduates as labour market newcomers in an emerging market, specifically Vietnam. Utilising a simple random sampling method, data were collected from 415 social science graduates in Vietnam. The analysis was conducted using partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that digital skills significantly and positively influence both adaptive performance and sustainable employee performance. Furthermore, adaptive performance positively affects sustainable employee performance and mediates the relationship between digital skills and sustainable employee performance. This research contributes to both theoretical frameworks and practical applications.
  Keywords: digital skills; adaptive performance; sustainable employee performance; SEP; social science graduates.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10067636
   
  
• Enhancement of national productivity by the source of innovation: a study of ASEAN-developing countries  
  by Nichanach Katemukda 
  Abstract: Research and development (R&D) is one source of innovation that delivers wealth to the country. The aim of the research is to investigate the appropriate number for budgeting on R&D in ASEAN developing countries, as well as to explore key index to track budget utilization performance. To prove the theorem, the research model and hypothesis employed a regression analysis. National productivity is the dependent variable, whereas R&D budgeting per GDP is the independent variable. ASEAN countries of study include Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, the Philippines, and Vietnam. The research results suggested that national productivity is a useful index for measuring and monitoring the performance of budget utilization. Moreover, the regression model was fitted, and the R-Square adj. is 79.42%. Research results suggest that at least 1% of R&D should be reserved as budget for ASEAN’s developing countries and conclude that R&D budgeting per GDP increases national productivity.
  Keywords: national productivity; innovation; developing countries; research & development; R&D.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10067999
   
  
• Students' acceptance of gamified learning in a developing country before and after the pandemic  
  by Bobby Ardiansyahmiraja, Satria Fadil Persada , Reny Nadlifatin, Junaid Kajee, Irene Dyah Ayuwati 
  Abstract: This study examines changes in the adoption of gamified learning technologies among students in developing countries due to COVID-19. This study uses the extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) and an additional construct of Perceived Playfulness. Data were collected from 310 high school and university students in Indonesia using a 55-item questionnaire, both before (N=151) and after (N=159) the pandemic. PLS-SEM was employed to analyse the data. Results reveal a significant shift in behavioural predictors of gamified learning adoption. Pre-pandemic, effort expectancy, perceived playfulness, and price value were key drivers, while post-pandemic, their influence diminished. Social influence and habit remained significant. Conversely, hedonic motivation gained prominence post-pandemic.
  Keywords: gamification; gamified learning; Covid-19; developing countries.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10068036
   
  
• Innovative one-arm operable wheelchair attachment: enhancing mobility for hemiplegic and triplegic users  
  by Pg Emeroylariffion Abas, Hirdy Othman, Chan Chung Sun , Noel Mendiola, Hazwani Suhaimi 
  Abstract: Hemiplegic individuals often face significant challenges in operating standard manual wheelchairs due to their condition, which restricts the use of one side of the body. Addressing this gap, this paper presents a novel wheelchair attachment that enables single-arm operation, enhancing mobility and independence. Developed through a systematic engineering design process, this research involved the identification of critical user requirements - usability, flexibility, portability, adaptability, affordability, and safety. These considerations guided the design and iterative prototyping of multiple models, leading to the selection and extensive testing of a final design. The results demonstrate that the optimised prototype not only significantly improves task efficiency and accuracy for wheelchair users but also provides substantial benefits to hemiplegic/triplegic individuals, allowing them to perform activities that were previously difficult. Highlighting the potential for patentability and marketability, this invention stands as a significant advancement in assistive technology, promising to transform the accessibility landscape for disabled individuals.
  Keywords: assistive technology; adaptive wheelchair attachment; hemiplegic mobility aids; triplegic assistive devices; single-arm wheelchair operation; innovation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10068037
   
  
• Unlocking resilience: emotional intelligence and self-leadership shape stress perception among health students  
  by Hina Zahoor, Nasir Mustafa, K.M. Ashifa, Mehdi Safaei, Rehab El Gamil 
  Abstract: Academic expectations, interpersonal issues, and patient care can stress students. If unaddressed, these pressures can affect kids’ learning, performance, and well-being. Still, emotional intelligence and self-leadership will help health sciences students manage stress and perform better in any subject. This study examined how emotional intelligence, self-leadership, and stress affected health sciences students. A cross-sectional descriptive study examined 411 undergraduate students from Istanbul Gelisim University, categorised by year of study (first, second, third, and fourth). The survey included 305 females and 106 males. Data were collected using demographics, SSEIT, ASLQ, and PSS-10 scales; 96.5% responded. Higher emotional intelligence, constructive cognition, task drive, and behaviour awareness predict lower reported stress. A negative and significant relationship between felt stress and emotional intelligence, constructive cognition, task motivation, behaviour awareness, and self-leadership. The authors suggest including self-leadership, emotional intelligence, stress management seminars, and positive reframing in the curriculum to help students develop emotional regulation, constructive thinking, and resilience.
  Keywords: health sciences students; emotional intelligence; perceived stress; self-leadership; constructive cognition; task motivation; behaviour awareness; volition.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2026.10068071
   
  
• Aspects affecting learning management policy acceptance for teachers in vocational higher schools: a structural equation modelling approach  
  by Sri Handayani, Virgiawan Adi Kristianto, Rizky Ajie Aprilianto, Harianingsih Harianingsih 
  Abstract: This study explores the factors influencing teachers’ performance in engineering and technology vocational schools, emphasising the pivotal role of teacher competence in determining the quality of Indonesian vocational education. Five key variables were evaluated: work motivation, work ethic, teacher performance, management innovation, and learning management. Data were collected using simple random sampling from 30 teachers in three vocational schools in Semarang, Indonesia. Factor analysis and regression analysis were conducted using second-order PLS-SEM to assess convergent and discriminant validity. Results indicate that work motivation (63.9%) and work ethic (28.2%) positively impact teacher performance, with all hypotheses accepted. The model achieved a Q² score of 0.446, highlighting strong predictive relevance. Exogenous variables explain 69.8% of the variance in learning management. Therefore, schools are encouraged to enhance teacher performance by fostering work motivation and improving the learning process, from planning to execution.
  Keywords: learning management system; LMS; management innovation; work ethic; work motivation; structural equation modelling; SEM.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10068548
   
  
• Student science teachers’ semantic and emotional orientations towards flipped learning practice  
  by Oktay Kizkapan 
  Abstract: The aim of this research is to examine the emotional and semantic orientation of students’ science teachers towards flipped learning model (FLM). The study employed a convergent design of mixed methods research. The participant group consisted of 37 SSTs enrolled in the research methods in education course. Data collection involved the use of a semantic and emotional orientation scale and open-ended questions, with analysis conducted through deductive content analysis. The findings indicated that SSTs’ orientations towards FLM were predominantly positive, perceiving it as effective, enjoyable, novel, instructive, valuable, flexible, and advantageous. However, their orientations were neutral regarding its simplicity, strenuousness, and ease. The research concluded that predominantly positive perceptions of SSTs regarding FLM can lead to more successful integration of FLM in their future teaching practices and enhance the quality of their teaching and potentially lead to improved student engagement and learning outcomes.
  Keywords: flipped learning; science teachers; semantic and emotional orientations.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2026.10068910
   
  
• The development of a methodology for assessing inclusive practices in higher education  
  by Tatiana Lukovenko, Nikolay Sorokin, Valentina Kirillova, Oleg Shakhmatov 
  Abstract: The aim of this study is to develop and validate a multi-level methodology for assessing inclusive practices in educational institutions, with a focus on enhancing teacher qualifications. The research methodology incorporated both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Statistical methods, including the t-test, were employed to evaluate the significance of changes before and after the program's implementation. Qualitative analysis was conducted using semi-structured interviews with students and teachers. The research results demonstrated a significant improvement in the level of teacher preparedness in the field of inclusive education. Confidence in the use of inclusive methods increased by 30%, while knowledge of adapted educational materials improved by 28%. The availability of infrastructure and technologies also saw a 30% increase. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the developed assessment methodology can be applied in educational institutions to improve the effectiveness of inclusive programs.
  Keywords: accessibility of educational resources; assessment of inclusive practices; disability; inclusion; students with disabilities; teaching methodology.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2026.10068940
   
  
• Exploring the influence of flipped classroom pedagogy on student achievement and engagement  
  by Wanmei Wang, Siti Mariam Abdullah, Chin-Hong Puah 
  Abstract: This study evaluates the impact of the flipped classroom on learning outcomes among first-year management students in five vocational colleges in Anhui Province, China. A quasi-experimental design was used, with 1,000 students divided into flipped classroom (experimental) and traditional teaching (control) groups. The study assessed academic achievement, successful intelligence, and learning attitudes, while also exploring the moderating role of cognitive style. Results showed that flipped classroom students outperformed traditional learners, with significant gains in academic achievement, successful intelligence, and learning attitudes. Cognitive style did not moderate the flipped classroom's effectiveness, indicating its broad applicability. The findings suggest that flipped classrooms can enhance student performance and offer valuable insights for optimising teaching strategies in vocational education.
  Keywords: flipped classroom; learning performance; management courses; vocational and technical colleges; cognitive style; successful intelligence.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2026.10068942
   
  
• Optimising online learning: a strategic approach for open universities  
  by Kan Wen Huey , Hoo Yee Hui  
  Abstract: The study explored strategies to enhance student satisfaction via the institution’s partnership with a leading online platform provider, focused on the unique challenges faced by institutions offering open distance learning. Employing a comprehensive review of literature and empirical analysis, we identified key factors influencing satisfaction. Our findings advised a forward-thinking approach that emphasizes holistic improvements in technology, course design, and support systems. The research aimed to guide Open Universities (OU) and similar institutions in navigating through the complexities of online education. By addressing the evolving needs of students in this digital era, we contributed to ongoing discussions on effective online learning strategies. This research was vital for educators, administrators, and policymakers seeking to optimize the student experience in external online courses.
  Keywords: online learning; student satisfaction; technology-mediated education; strategic approach; open universities; OU.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10069083
   
  
• Empowering future caregivers: the role of self-leadership in reducing stress among nursing students  
  by Nasir Mustafa, Hina Zahoor, Rehab El Gamil, K.M. Ashifa, Mehdi Safaei 
  Abstract: Self-leadership skills help nursing students manage stress. Self-leadership development revolves around task motivation, constructive cognition, and behaviour awareness and volition. Students overcome challenges and provide exceptional treatment by being motivated to fulfil clinical and academic tasks. Clinically, constructive cognition aids critical thinking, decision-making, and adaptation. For professionalism and stress management, behaviour awareness and volition require self-regulation. This skill helps students balance personal and academic obligations, reducing stress and improving performance. Self-leadership and stress perception in nursing students across academic years were examined in this study. The study sampled 169 nursing students using basic random selection. Students had moderate task motivation and constructive cognition, but behaviour awareness and volition varied. This suggests that some nursing students are self-leaders and others are not. Self-leadership skills, stress management seminars, positive reframing tactics, and a supportive environment are needed to boost nursing students' resilience and well-being, according to the research.
  Keywords: nursing students; self-leadership; perceived stress; psychological well-being; task motivation; constructive cognition; behaviour awareness and volition; resilience; stress management.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2026.10069195
   
  
• Mapping the pathways to innovation in PhD scholars: the interplay of university structure, academic leadership and psychological capital  
  by Shikha Chahar, Gunjan Tripathi 
  Abstract: This study investigates the impact of university structure, academic leadership, and psychological capital on the innovation capabilities of PhD scholars in Haryana's state, central, deemed, and private universities. Using a quantitative survey method, data were gathered via online (204 responses) and offline (210 responses) questionnaires rated on a 1 to 5 Likert scale. Participants were chosen through stratified random sampling. Data analysis was performed with PLS-SEM 4 (Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling) after validating and confirming the reliability of the questionnaires. Validity was determined by correlating individual question items with the overall item score for each variable. The analysis addressed the research questions and tested the hypotheses. Results highlight that psychological capital has the most substantial and statistically significant effect on enhancing the innovation capacity of PhD scholars.
  Keywords: PLS-SEM; academic leadership; university structure; psychological capital; PsyCap; innovation; PhD scholar.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10069461
   
  
• From barriers to bridges: an interdisciplinary study of disability integration challenges and solutions in higher learning  
  by Eduardo Carlos Dittmar, David López Jiménez, Jenny Patricia Vargas Portillo 
  Abstract: The integration of individuals with disabilities and special educational needs into higher education represents a complex and multifaceted global challenge that demands comprehensive solutions. This research provides an analysis of university students' perceptions regarding their inclusion within academic environments, examining crucial aspects including physical accessibility measures, curricular adaptation strategies, and the quality of teaching support received. Our findings reveal that, despite notable progress in educational inclusion initiatives, substantial barriers continue to persist, particularly in the realms of infrastructure development and faculty preparedness. Through extensive analysis, we identify key areas requiring reinforcement to ensure an equitable and inclusive university experience. Based on these insights, we present detailed recommendations designed to assist higher education institutions in creating more accessible environments that effectively address the diverse needs of students with disabilities.
  Keywords: inclusive higher education; institutional culture; disabilities; universal design for learning; curricular adaptations; physical accessibility; self-regulation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2026.10069486
   
  
• Predicting students’ technology-based entrepreneurship approach: students’ personality traits’ effect  
  by Youssef Saida, Anouar Hasbaoui, Tariq Rachid 
  Abstract: Academic researchers as well as practitioners are becoming increasingly interested in students’ entrepreneurship. As a matter of fact, it focuses on students’ perceptions and choices relating to new technology-based ventures. Based on the student technology-based entrepreneurship literature, this study examines the possibility of predicting engineering student perception under specific entrepreneurial approaches. Empirically, we use a sample of 140 engineering students’ entrepreneurs who intend to initiate an innovative technological venture. Therefore, we identify a particular configuration depending on students’ entrepreneurship competencies under their entrepreneurial approach choice. Based on perception and intention, this configuration predicts students' entrepreneurial approach choice.
  Keywords: students’ entrepreneurship; technology-based entrepreneurship; effectuation; causation; discriminant analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2026.10069563
   
  
• Do employees intend to use artificial intelligence? An empirical study in Vietnam  
  by Thuy Dung Pham Thi, Van Kien Pham, Nam Tien Duong 
  Abstract: This study examines the factors influencing employees' acceptance of AI systems by integrating the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Task-Technology Fit (TTF) model. Data were collected from 527 employees through a survey, and structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses. Results indicate that perceived ease of use (PEOU), driven by task-technology fit, AI self-efficacy, and voluntariness, plays a key role in AI adoption. Surprisingly, perceived usefulness (PU) did not significantly impact adoption intentions, likely due to the bureaucratic culture of these enterprises. While AI self-efficacy positively influenced PEOU, it negatively affected PU. External factors such as supervisor influence were more significant than peer influence in shaping perceptions of AI systems. The findings suggest that voluntariness and organisational factors are crucial to successful AI adoption, offering insights for improving AI integration in similar contexts.
  Keywords: artificial intelligence; AI; technology acceptance model; TAM; task-technology fit; TTF; organisational learning; adoption; Vietnam.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2026.10069692
   
  
• How does innovation frame drive technological changes in smallholder farms in Benin?  
  by Ismail Moumouni-Moussa, Latifou Idrissou, Mori W. Gouroubera, Faridah Dosso 
  Abstract: This study investigates the role of innovation frames in influencing farmers' innovative behaviour through two independent case studies on sustainable land management in Benin. We hypothesised that innovation frames mediate the effects of demographic factors on technology adoption. Using Moderator Effect Analysis via the medmod R package, we examined the moderating impacts of these demographic variables through multiple regression analysis. Path analysis was conducted with the Lavaan R package to validate the proposed models, assessing the interplay between socio-demographic variables, innovation frames, and adoption behaviours. An innovation frame encompasses the beliefs, values, and social representations that guide decision-making within farming contexts. Our findings indicate that innovation frames significantly predict innovative behaviour and mediate the influence of socio-economic attributes on farmers' innovation, highlighting the importance of cognitive processes over structural factors. We propose a novel measurement scale for the innovation frame, which can be applied and validated in various contexts. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of innovation frames offers valuable insights for future agricultural extension projects.
  Keywords: agricultural extension; innovation frame development; innovative practice and behaviour; innovation frame measurement scale; IFMS; farmer innovation; Benin.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2026.10069789
   
  
• The impact of entrepreneurial orientation on performance in sport firms: the mediating role of knowledge sharing and product innovation capacity  
  by Seyed Mohammad Javad Razavi, Haywantee Ramkissoon 
  Abstract: Using product innovation capacity to customers gives corporations a competitive advantage in the market. This research examined a structural model of entrepreneurial orientation(EO) and knowledge sharing (KS) as the drivers of product innovation capacity (PIC), and ultimately assessed the impact of PIC on corporate performance (CP) in sport firms. The theoretical model of the study was tested using data collected from 401 employees from 58 sport firms in Iran. Our findings show that EO and KS had a significant effect on PIC. In addition, EO, KS, and PIC activities significantly influenced CP. Our study contributes to the ongoing development of the proposed theories in entrepreneurship, innovation, and CP in suggesting a combination of data envelopment analysis (DEA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) approaches. This has important implications for industrial authorities in developing sustainable and successful sectors of sport firms.
  Keywords: corporate performance; entrepreneurial orientation; knowledge sharing; learning; product innovation capacity; sport firms.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2026.10069868
   
  
• Exploiting advanced machine learning techniques for predictive analysis of novice learners programming performance  
  by Kapil Shukla, Parag Shukla 
  Abstract: Programming education is evolving quickly, thus new methods are needed to help beginners learn and grow. This study predicts novice learners' performance utilizing sophisticated machine learning methods including K-Nearest Neighbors, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and XGBoost. We assessed these models on accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score utilizing 2,111 samples, 10 beginning features, and derived attributes including correctness, error, performance, and final choice. Ensemble models like Random Forest and XGBoost capture complex data patterns better since they generalize robustly. Simple KNN and Decision Tree ensembles provide a foundation but have weak feature interactions and class distributions. Performance and prediction are improved via hyperparameter adjustment and feature engineering in this research. This research personalizes/adapts novice learners' learning aids using predictive models. Educational data mining is growing, and machine learning may revolutionize programming education. This dataset may be expanded, environmental variables researched, or improved using deep learning.
  Keywords: machine learning; ML; performance prediction; supervised learning algorithms; novice learner programming performance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2026.10069879
   
  
• Changes in consumer purchasing behaviour habits: organic consumption and green marketing  
  by Tina Vukasovic 
  Abstract: Consumer purchasing decisions are evolving, driven by increasing awareness of sustainability. This study examines factors influencing organic food purchases and the role of green marketing in promoting sustainable consumption. Using a quantitative survey of 156 Slovenian consumers, the research analyses attitudes, preferences, and barriers to organic food adoption. Findings indicate growing consumer emphasis on food quality and safety but highlight key obstacles such as high prices, limited availability, and distrust in certifications. Despite these challenges, opportunities exist to expand the organic market through improved accessibility, consumer education, and targeted green marketing. The study contributes by identifying determinants of organic food consumption and highlighting strategies for increasing adoption. Businesses and policymakers can use these insights to promote sustainability and strengthen trust in organic products. Green marketing will be essential in shaping consumer behaviour and driving market growth.
  Keywords: consumer behaviour; purchasing decision; innovation; organic foods; green marketing.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2026.10069960
   
  
• Influence of integration of assessment as learning into disaster prevention education on Taiwanese sixth graders knowledge and word recognition  
  by Chin-Wen Chien, Ssu-Hsien Yu 
  Abstract: The case study explored the influence of the integration of assessment as learning into disaster prevention education on 25 sixth graders’ disaster prevention knowledge and word recognition in an elementary school scenario classroom of disaster prevention in the northwest Taiwan. The thematic analysis of qualitative data (self- and peer evaluation forms, observations, and reflection notes) and descriptive analysis of the pretest and posttest reached the findings. First, sixth graders’ disaster prevention knowledge was increased through assessment as learning including the hands-on activities (simulation activity, sorting games) and self- and peer evaluations. Second, the technology-assisted language learning (Wordwall, Quizlet) as the assessment as learning enabled the sixth graders to gain word knowledge on spoken forms, word forms, and meanings of the target vocabulary on disaster education. Based on the findings of the study, a framework on effective integration of assessment as learning into disaster prevention education were proposed in terms of instructional strategies and tools.
  Keywords: assessment as learning; disaster prevention education; disaster prevention knowledge;English situated learning; word recognition.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10069961
   
  
• The role of digital technologies in the transformation of ethical norms in the educational process  
  by ZuoYuan Liu, Alena Gura, Olga Pavlovskaya, Nataliya Antonova 
  Abstract: This study aims to examine the impact of digital technologies on the transformation of ethical standards within the educational process. A survey was conducted among 45 educators and 345 students from three universities before and after the transition to remote learning to assess changes in the adherence to ethical standards. The primary data were collected through a survey, which included questions regarding the adherence to ethical standards, the impact of digital technologies on the learning process, and the assessment of academic performance. The data were gathered at two-time points, allowing for the evaluation of the dynamics of changes. To assess the significance of changes in the responses of students and instructors before and after the implementation of distance learning, the χ² (chi-square) test and regression analysis were employed. The analysis was conducted with a significance level set at p < 0.05. The results revealed that after the implementation of remote learning, there was a significant increase in the level of adherence to ethical norms among educators (up to 98%) and students (up to 91%). There was an improvement in academic performance, with 46% of students achieving a high level of success following the transition to remote learning. Thus, digital technologies can serve as an effective tool for enhancing ethical standards and improving educational outcomes, particularly in the context of remote learning. These findings underscore the importance of integrating digital technologies into the educational process as a means of supporting ethical culture.
  Keywords: digitalisation; distance learning; ethical transformation; innovations; modern technologies.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2026.10070392
   
  
• Exploring factors influencing the innovation of PhD scholars: a conceptual model utilising confirmatory factor analysis  
  by Shikha Chahar, Gunjan Tripathi 
  Abstract: This study seeks to create a comprehensive framework for assessing the innovation performance of PhD scholars. It introduces 39 items aligned with four key hypotheses, with data gathered through a questionnaire survey. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) conducted on 115 samples from PhD scholars in Haryana universities including central, state, deemed, and private institutions revealed four primary variables that impact performance. These variables are linked to 13 sub-key factors: structural dimension, relational dimension, cognitive dimension, hope, self-efficacy, resilience, optimism, empowering behaviour, considering behaviour, developing behaviour, domain relevant skills, creative thinking, and task motivation. The results highlight the necessity of a multidimensional performance evaluation framework that incorporates all critical factors influencing PhD scholars’ innovation. The study validates the factor structures related to academic leadership, psychological capital, and innovation.
  Keywords: innovation; PhD scholars; conceptual model; performance evaluation and CFA.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2026.10070464
   
  
• Bridging employee-oriented HR practices and employee innovative behaviour: unpacking the mediating role of employee commitment  
  by Syed Mudasser Abbas, Muhammad Irshad, Md. Nurun Nabi, Salim Khan 
  Abstract: Drawing on social exchange theory and signalling theory, the study intends to examine the employee-oriented HR practices (salary, job enrichment, job stability, training) that influence employee commitment and employee innovative behaviour. The study collected data from 353 employees of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) through purposive sampling. The hypotheses were tested by applying structural equation modelling (SEM) through SmartPLS 4. The results suggest a significant and positive association between employee-oriented HR practices and their innovative activity. Furthermore, the study establishes that employee commitment plays a crucial mediating role in this relationship. The study emphasises the need for organisations to not only implement employee-oriented HR practices but also nurture a sense of commitment among their employees to unlock the full potential of innovative behaviours within the workforce.
  Keywords: employee oriented HR practices; employee commitment; EC; employee innovative behaviour.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2026.10070555
   
  
• Navigating cultural and structural barriers to leadership: a comparative analysis of gender equality in Austria and Greece  
  by Vito Bobek, Paraskevi Giali, Tatjana Horvat 
  Abstract: This paper empirically analyses the cultural and structural barriers to female leadership in Austria and Greece within the broader framework of European Union (EU) gender equality policies. Through semi-structured interviews with female leaders and human resource experts and secondary data analysis, the study highlights the persistent challenges of the glass ceiling, the gender pay gap, and traditional gender roles in both countries. While Austria demonstrates progress with more supportive organisational structures, structural barriers remain significant. In contrast, Greece struggles with deeply entrenched cultural norms that hinder women’s advancement in leadership roles. The study provides recommendations for policy improvements, organisational reforms, and future research directions to foster gender equality in leadership across the EU.
  Keywords: gender equality; female leadership; Austria; Greece; cultural barriers; structural barriers; EU gender policies; glass ceiling; gender pay gap; innovation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2026.10070735
   
  
• Vietnamese Youth’s motivations for watching Generative Adversarial Networks - videos about national heroes and martyrs  
  by Danh Le Thi My, Truong Nguyen Huu, Hien Nguyen Thi Thuy, My Duong Thi Kieu, Tram Nguyen Thi Ngoc, Khoi To Viet Phuoc 
  Abstract: Recreating and transmitting images and content about heroic martyrs through generative AI technology and old photo restoration technology is a topic that attracts the attention of many students. This study examines the level of motivation and interest of students in images of national heroic martyrs, Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) to help restore and animate images. The goal is to understand how modern technology attracts audiences by creating moving videos from old, damaged, still images that reach them through digital platforms. Based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Uses and Gratifications Theory (UGT) through 635 responses and SMARTPLS software analysis. The research results show that the use of AI can increase students' interest and engagement in content about historical heroes and martyrs, emphasizing the potential of GAN technology in converting old images of historical heroes and martyrs into digital products.
  Keywords: generative adversarial networks; GANs; national heroes and martyrs; nationalism; NN; patriotic values; generative AI; technology acceptance model; TAM; uses and gratifications theory; UGT.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2026.10070813
   
  
• The role of technical knowledge and pedagogic knowledge in pedagogical competence  
  by Ulfah Mediaty Arief, Novira Rizki Arjun, Tatyantoro Andrasto, Sri Sukamta, Delano Hafis Afdam, Indah Novi Yarman, Naila Amalia, Andi Muhammad Dzulfikar 
  Abstract: This research will examine the relationship between technical knowledge (professional) and pedagogical knowledge, in students of the Electrical Engineering Education program of Semarang State University (UNNES). The concept of Society 5.0 emphasises human-centred innovation that integrates technological and social progress. The study found that many students are less prepared to teach due to an inadequate understanding of educational theories and technical skills, which are especially important in this era. The research was conducted using a quantitative, ex-post facto method with a correlational descriptive approach. Data were collected from 79 students through questionnaires and final grades. This study concludes that competency improvement is very important to prepare educators in the Society 5.0 era. Recommendations include updating the curriculum and improving practical teaching experiences to better equip students with the necessary skills and knowledge.
  Keywords: technical knowledge; pedagogical knowledge; pedagogical competence.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2026.10070931
   
  
• Analysing user sentiments in social media: the supremacy of deep learning methods over traditional machine learning techniques  
  by A. Suruliandi, Meenakshi Muthukrishnan, S.P. Raja 
  Abstract: Sentiment analysis plays a crucial role in natural language processing by transforming large-scale textual data from social media into meaningful business insights. This study explores three key sentiment analysis approaches; emotion detection sentiment analysis, aspect-based sentiment analysis, and intent-based sentiment analysis and evaluates the performance of traditional machine learning and deep learning models. The study assesses machine learning algorithms such as support vector machine, multinomial Naïve Bayes, logistic regression, decision tree, and random forest against deep learning models, including BERT, LSTM, CNN, RNN, and GRU. Performance is evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. The findings indicate that deep learning models outperform traditional machine learning techniques, with LSTM achieving the highest accuracy of 93.91%. The study provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of different sentiment analysis models, highlighting deep learnings advantage in capturing complex sentiment structures.
  Keywords: sentiment analysis; machine learning; deep learning; classification.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2026.10071093
   
  
• University students' perceptions of game-based learning for property inspection  
  by Chioma Okoro, Abejide Ade-Ibijola, Jonathan Damilola Oladeji 
  Abstract: Game-based learning is an effective way to stimulate and support students' learning. This study assessed students' perceptions about an educational game designed for teaching property inspection for condition assessment and maintenance purposes. Second-year students in a higher education institution in South Africa were surveyed. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential analyses. The gaming environment and its relevance ranked the highest in the game design and content categories, respectively. 'Improving understanding' and 'not being very good at it' were the key motivating and demotivating factors, respectively. Further findings showed significant relationships between learning more and the game's relevance for teaching property inspection, and between the interest in the topic and the perception that gaming made it more understandable. The study provides useful evidence on educational gaming in the property field. Recommendations were around introducing other property scenarios/types, instructions and competition and extending the survey to a diverse socio-demographic samples.
  Keywords: experiential learning; game-based learning; higher education; property inspection and maintenance; teaching and learning; innovation and technology.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10065519
   
  
• Assessing the emotional feedback of teaching and learning service beneficiaries using machine learning on text comments  
  by Wipawan Buathong, Pita Jarupunphol 
  Abstract: This study evaluates emotional responses to educational services using advanced machine-learning techniques to categorise sentiment in feedback. The dataset includes 1,033 comments from 402 individuals, collected via various platforms. Three algorithms were applied: random forest, Naïve Bayes, and long short-term memory (LSTM). The ten-folds cross-validation method ensured model robustness. Random forest achieved the highest F1-score of 0.833, LSTM at 0.827, and Naïve Bayes at 0.807. The analysis indicated that neutral sentiments were most accurately predicted, followed by positive and negative sentiments. Additionally, latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) identified key themes within the feedback. Positive topics included teaching effectiveness, subject variety, and professional development. Negative topics highlighted issues with technology and resources. Word cloud dashboards focused on curriculum design, learning support mechanisms, and instructional quality. These insights are crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of teaching services, indicating areas of strength and potential improvement.
  Keywords: sentiment analysis; machine learning; educational services; natural language processing; data visualisation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10067010
   
  
• Role of school administrators in implementing competency-based curriculum in teaching and learning management  
  by Phattarasak Sintara, Prompilai Buasuwan, Wanwisa Suebnusorn Klaijumlang, Chinapah Vinayagum 
  Abstract: Thailand's shift towards a competency-based curriculum faces practical challenges in implementation. This research aims to examine the roles of school administrators in driving competency-based curriculum and their influence on teacher's ability to implement it in teaching and learning management. The research employed a two-phase approach: interviews with school administrators and teachers in Bangkok on methods used in applying for said competency-based curriculum, and the quantitative part, followed by a survey collected from 112 school personnel from 4 schools in Thailand. Thematic analysis was used for phase 1, while descriptive statistics, t-test, and multiple regression were used for phase 2. The study found that school administrators' roles in leadership, teacher development, and curriculum support significantly influence teachers' ability to manage competency-based teaching, with curriculum support showing the strongest effect (β = 0.354), followed by development (β = 0.295) and leadership (β = 0.177).
  Keywords: competency-based curriculum; 21st century skills; leadership; teacher and personnel development; support curriculum implementation; role of school administrators.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10070380
   
  
• Enhancing chemistry undergraduates' innovation ability through the implementation of the innovative instructional process  
  by Thiendanai Sermboonpaisarn, Patchanita Thamyongkit, Wichai Sawekngam 
  Abstract: The aim of the study was to develop and implement the instructional process integrated with strategic planning and lateral thinking approaches to enhance the innovation ability of chemistry undergraduate students. During the implementation, students spent all semester planning and developing their innovations in the Chemistry natural products course. The evaluation was conducted on both the product innovation and innovation process. The findings suggest that students can identify the target's problem and adopt the related chemistry knowledge for systematically designing the chemistry innovation with a suitable approach leading to efficient problem-solving innovation in chemistry with a high innovation ability. This instructional process provided context-rich learning experiences; enhanced innovation ability and understanding, skill, and the suitable way to learn the nature of chemistry.
  Keywords: innovation ability in chemistry; strategic planning; lateral thinking; instructional process.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10066935
   
  
• Does the digitalised era adjust the mismatch as match? A comparison of graduates from different streams to align HE and industry in Bangladesh  
  by Gazi Mahabubul Alam, Md. Mahfuzur Rahman, Vesna Skrbinjek, Nor Azni Abdul Aziz, Karima Bashir, Romana Kader 
  Abstract: Extensive research has been conducted on the causes of the developing mismatch between education and the labour market, its consequences, and potential solutions. Despite this, the mismatch issue persists, exacerbated by ongoing digitisation and the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) in the workplace. Acknowledging this, the researchers delve deeper into whether the challenges of mismatch find resonance in the digital era. An individualist approach was taken to address each research question, employing descriptive statistics, multinomial logistic regression, and interviews. This encompassed both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The results indicate that the performance of the fully mismatched group (science graduates) surpasses that of their fully matched counterparts (business graduates). Consequently, digitalisation has heightened the mismatch problem, rendering business graduates relatively irrelevant to the workplace. This paper enriches the discussion on education and the labour market mismatch by employing a unique measurement approach. This study contends that digital and computer-related skills have become a universal competency for various industries, irrespective of their nature (scientific or trade-related). Consequently, all education disciplines (business, science, social sciences) should equip graduates with digitalised/computing skills so that they are not excluded from the labour market.
  Keywords: mismatch; digital skills; innovation; business education; banking sector; higher education; Bangladesh.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10066659
   
  
• Empowering teacher education students' learning with 360° video cameras in classroom observations  
  by Shih-Hsiung Liu 
  Abstract: Instructors and classroom observers can utilise a 360° video camera to record and assess student responses to lessons, thereby adjusting teaching strategies accordingly. This process has the potential to enhance the teaching efficacy of instructors. This study aimed to investigate the teaching self-efficacy of teacher education students (TESs) and their perceptions regarding the use of 360° video cameras in classroom observations. Twenty-two TESs voluntarily participated in a teacher education program that involved using 360° video cameras for classroom observations. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. The study findings revealed that integrating 360° video cameras into classroom observations strengthened the teaching self-efficacy of TESs. Specifically, TESs engaged in discussions about the video recordings with each other, enabling them to gain a clearer understanding of students' learning mistakes. These findings suggest that the cameras assisting teachers in recognising students' learning difficulties can help them effectively navigate the complexities of teaching.
  Keywords: 360° video camera; classroom observation; teacher education students; TESs; self-efficacy in teaching.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10070205
   
  
• Evaluating flipped classroom's impact on students' satisfaction in vocational and technical colleges  
  by Wang Wanmei, Siti Mariam Binti Abdullah, Chin-Hong Puah 
  Abstract: This research clarifies the level of students' satisfaction with the flipped classroom model in Chinese vocational and technical colleges. This research collects the empirical data by using surveys and interviews to examine the multidimensional aspects of the satisfaction towards flipped classroom in different phases before class, in class and after class. The theoretical perspective has an open combination of customer satisfaction theories, self-directed learning and Moos' social climate theory. It helps to explain degree of student satisfaction and the relationship between factors. The major findings show that student satisfaction exceeds the average degree for all different phases, with the highest reported in class, significant correlations in different phases and significant differences in both gender and grade level. Results of this study showed that perceived quality and perceived value are directly related to satisfaction and that expectations and self-directed learning abilities significantly affected satisfaction, but through perceived quality and perceived value as mediators. The findings also reaffirmed that the implementation of the flipped classroom can be enhanced whenever we take into account students' perceptions and experiences as a focus of instruction.
  Keywords: flipped classroom; students' satisfaction; vocational and technical colleges; self-directed learning.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10066092
   
  
• An insight into curriculum policy and classroom practice of teaching listening: problems and possibilities  
  by S.M. Akramul Kabir 
  Abstract: The teaching of listening has significant importance in a language classroom. Therefore, the policymakers in Bangladesh have designed curricula and English textbooks following the English education policy focusing more on English language practice in the classroom through listening. The findings of this study may help Bangladeshi teachers at the secondary level to deal with the difficulties of teaching listening. The findings may also help learners develop their listening skills because language learning begins with listening (Schmidt, 2016). The data in this study was derived from interviews with both urban and rural secondary English teachers and policymakers. The data was then analysed qualitatively using the thematic analysis method. The data explore the policy and practice-related barriers to listening practice in classrooms. To overcome these barriers, the article proposes a conceptual framework as an enabler of teaching listening at the secondary level. The conceptual framework may also help other similar EFL contexts where listening skill is taught as a part of English language learning.
  Keywords: listening skill; teaching listening; listening assessment; secondary level; listening problems; Bangladesh.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10066661
   
  
• Inquiring and strengthening the environmental awareness among elementary school children  
  by Armand Faganel, Blaž Kovač 
  Abstract: Promoting a strong grasp of environmental concerns holds paramount significance in achieving objectives within the realm of environmental safeguarding. The development of environmental awareness is contingent upon a multitude of factors, and its intricate influence stems from their collaborative and comprehensive effects. The core objective of the paper encompasses the systematic evaluation of the levels of environmental consciousness among primary school students, educators, and parents. It aims to gauge their perceptions concerning the gravity and obligations tied to environmental protection, along with their grasp of environmental awareness. The theoretical facet entailed an exhaustive review of literature, centred on knowledge dissemination pertaining to children's environmental awareness. The empirical study was realised through an online survey methodology. The research sample comprises three distinct groups, with 102 students from primary school classes (6-9th grade), 168 parents, and 34 primary school teachers. The findings indicate that, despite the varied approaches employed by children and adults to convey knowledge, the prevailing status of environmental consciousness and sustainable education remains inadequate.
  Keywords: environmental protection; primary school; environmental awareness; knowledge communication; sustainability; innovation; learning.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10065253
   
  
• Exploring learning mechanisms and influences on student engagement and academic performance  
  by Mohamed Rafiq Nagoor Meeran, Shamsuddin Khuthbuddin, Asila Abdullah Saif Al-Hinai, Naseema Nazeer Ahmed, V. Muruga Prakash 
  Abstract: Learning and its mechanisms have been revolutionised, and technology is fuelling the velocity. This research investigates the impact of learning mechanisms students use, such as traditional classrooms, online platforms, faculty-student interactions, and self-regulated learning, on students' learning, engagement, and academic achievement. This research will help improve education quality and provide vital insights into the larger debate on successful educational approaches in today's digital age. The exploratory research design and mixed research approach were employed in this study using a convenience sampling approach. A sample size of 320 students who use various learning mechanisms/methods in the Sultanate of Oman. Tests like the independent sample 't' test, one-way ANOVA, correlation, multiple regression, and structural equation model were used. The four learning mechanisms are as follows: 'classroom activities' has the highest predictive contribution, while 'course materials' has a smaller impact on both learning engagement and academic performance. Furthermore, the study discovered a strong and statistically significant relationship between learning engagement and academic performance. Strategies for improving the learning experience, encouraging student success, and establishing a culture of continuous improvement were recommended. This study intends to contribute to the continued pursuit of educational quality, benefiting the education community.
  Keywords: learning mechanisms; engagement; academic performance; course materials; classroom activities; digital learning; self-learning style and techniques.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10065597
   
  
• Instructional design needs analysis for innovative pedagogy in open-badges learning  
  by Siti Hajar Halili, Norharyanti Mohsin, Zamzami Zainuddin, Juliana Othman, Shukri Sulaiman 
  Abstract: Open-badges learning (OBL) is an innovative pedagogy to demonstrate students' knowledge, skills and achievement. This study intends to identify the needs analysis in exploring instructional design for OBL utilising Hutchinson and Waters' (1987) needs analysis model. Mixed-method research was used which purposely involved five experts for an interview and 320 students were randomly selected to answer the survey. In the interview process, five themes emerged such as knowledge and readiness in designing the OBL, relevant instructional mapping of the OBL, design learning experience in OBL, technical support to design OBL and introduce OBL practice in higher education programs. From the survey, most of the respondents agreed that there is a need to explore OBL and they are ready to utilise OBL in their learning. Further study could investigate the effectiveness of OBL, the aspect of motivation and engagement in OBL and factors influencing to implementation of OBL in educational programs.
  Keywords: needs analysis; open-badges learning; OBL; open education; innovative pedagogy; Education 4.0; Instructional design; credentials; mixed-method; experts; students.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10065278
   
  

Special Issue on: Technology Mediated Learning Innovative Practices for the New Normal

• Analysing post adoption factors for determining MOOC continuance intentions: Interpretive Structural Modelling and fuzzy MICMAC approach  
  by Neeraj Chopra, Rajiv Sindwani, Manisha Goel 
  Abstract: This study investigates the post-adoption behaviour of MOOC participants and aims to enhance our understanding of the cognitive-affective-conative framework in this context. Despite the recognised benefits of MOOCs, their adoption is still at an early stage, which is crucial for MOOC platforms due to high dropout rates. Fifteen post-adoption factors were identified through a comprehensive literature review and expert opinions, and a hierarchical model was developed using ISM and, fuzzy MICMAC techniques to capture the mutual interactions among these factors. Intentions to recommend and cultural intelligence occupied the highest and lowest positions in the hierarchical model, respectively. The fuzzy MICMAC analysis examined the driving and dependence power of the factors for clustering purposes, revealing the absence of autonomous factors and ten factors in the linkage region. This pioneering work provides practitioners and decision-makers with valuable resources to improve retention rates based on the relationships and power dynamics among these factors.
  Keywords: MOOC; cognitive-affective-conative framework; adoption; ISM; fuzzy MICMAC.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10066849
   
  
• Moth flame optimisation based timetabling tool for educational course timetabling  
  by Marisa Kuntasup, Pupong Pongcharoen, Thatchai Thepphakorn 
  Abstract: Educational timetabling plays an important role in providing academic activities under limited time and resources. It determines the effective utilisation of teacher’s and student’s hours with no conflicts on resource constraints and individual preferences. Manually solving large-scale timetabling problem is time consuming and extremely difficult to find a good feasible solution. This paper presents the first application of discrete Moth Flame Optimisation (MFO) for solving university course scheduling problem. A novel Automated MFO-based Timetabling (AMFOT) tool was programmed and tested using six case studies obtained from a collaborating university in Thailand. The computational experiments confirmed that all timetables generated by the proposed AMFOT tool were feasible as they satisfied all hard constraints. The timetables obtained from the proposed MFO method were better than those obtained from another computational intelligence based algorithm. In four out of six cases (66.67%), the best timetables were created by using the proposed MFO method.
  Keywords: crow search algorithm; CSA; course scheduling; automated timetabling; swarm intelligence; resource allocation; moth flame optimisation; MFO.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10067328
   
  
• The potential of a socioscientific issue framework based on industrial biotechnology in science learning  
  by M. Noris, Sajidan Sajidan, Sulistyo Saputro, Sri Yamtinah 
  Abstract: The utilisation of socioscientific issue has shifted significantly towards the development of technology and science. The use of SSI is closely related to learning based on local wisdom. Learning based on local wisdom utilises the potential of local wisdom that lives in the community. The purpose of this research is to see the potential of socioscientific issues on the process of biological technology innovation that lives in the community of Bima district, West Nusa Tenggara which leads to the Biotechnology industry. The method used in this research is a qualitative analysis method with theoretical and literature studies related to the utilisation of SSI. Then, the researcher synthesised the theory, to determine its relevance to learning based on local wisdom. The results of the theoretical study resulted in four dimensions of SSI including: 1) student face problems; 2) engage with socioscientific reasoning practice; 3) local wisdom based inquiry; 4) moral reasoning. The results showed that the SSI synthesised by the researcher has a very high potential to be used in local wisdom-based learning by reconstructing the cultural values of conventional biotechnology towards modern biotechnology and industrial biotechnology.
  Keywords: biotech industry; local wisdom; socioscientific innovation issues; SSI framework.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10068811
   
  
• Integrating AI learning in higher education: the role of educational AI tools and the need for continuous adaptation  
  by Shao-Fu Li, Steven Kwan-Keung Ng, Simon K.S. Cheung, Kwok Tai Chui, Lap-Kei Lee 
  Abstract: Integrating AI in higher education is an emerging trend. As one of the leading educational AI tools, Microsoft Learn for Educators provides quality AI materials, empowering educators outside the IT field to incorporate AI content into their courses. This study focuses on how to provide students with artificial intelligence experiences to adapt to the rapid changes in future technology. Interviews with educators and students reveal that while students are receptive to AI learning experiences, educators recognize their constraints in teaching AI without an IT background. Preliminary research found that if teachers intend to participate in the integration of AI content, they must continue to receive advanced training. Teaching in collaboration with IT teachers during the teaching process is also recommended. Teachers' psychological development must also be addressed to strengthen their confidence. Course content must be well integrated with students' interests and the need to increase participation.
  Keywords: artificial intelligence; agile blended learning; educational AI tools; student engagement; student satisfaction.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJIL.2025.10070989