International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management (149 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• The Perception of Employees on Remote Working and Work Outcomes during the COVID-19 Pandemic  
  by Chinna Muthu Balu, Tabitha Durai 
  Abstract: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to disruptions throughout the global community. The information technology (IT) industry has however managed business delivery by adopting remote working as its mode of operation. In this situation, it becomes imperative to comprehend the employees’ work outcomes as a result of remote work. Therefore, this research work intends to study the impact of remote work on work outcomes like productivity, performance and engagement. Data has been collected from 324 IT and ITeS employees working across Indian cities through a structured questionnaire. The statistical analysis revealed that preference for the workplace significantly influenced employee outcomes. The structural equation modelling (SEM) portrayed a positive relationship between the remote working factors and work outcomes. The study recommends that organisations should capitalise on remote working as a strategy to sustain profitable operations during this pandemic.
  Keywords: COVID-19; remote work; work outcomes; productivity; performance; employee engagement.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10049793
   
  
• Stock Market Co-integration and Error-Correction of Global Capital Markets: A Study of ADR Issuing Asian Countries.  
  by Aditya Keshari, Amit Gautam 
  Abstract: The study examines the significance of cross-listing assets as an opportunity to diversify portfolios for retail investors from developing nations as a result of the global financial markets partial integration. Recently, the global stock markets experienced extreme volatility due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The importance of assessing the extent of interconnectedness across major global stock markets is emphasised by this fact. Investors are inclined to find the most exogenous stock market with the sole objective of maximising wealth through portfolio diversification. The Johansen co-integration test is being used to determine the degree of interdependence between the stock markets of selected countries. Furthermore, the VEC model is applied for examining the effect of one market on other and also shows the speed of adjustment among the stock market indices. The US market shows the better speed of adjustment and has statistical significance throughout the sample period.
  Keywords: Asian stock market; variance decomposition analysis; VECM; impulse response function; Johansen co-integration test.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10049804
   
  
• Employee’s Psychological Well-being in a Pandemic: A Case study during the peak of the COVID-19 wave in India  
  by Rohit Chauhan, Himanshu Jishtu, Alka Shaktan, Arun Kumar 
  Abstract: Subjective wellbeing (SWB) is associated with happiness and life satisfaction. Depression, anxiety and stress represent three different but relating concept to poor mental health. COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the subjective well-being of employees during the lockdown, especially the employees relating to the tourism industry. Inter-industry and intra-industry comparison of tourism employees’ psychological wellbeing during the peak of the second wave of COVID across India was done. Socio-demographic variables were checked separately for psychological wellbeing. Stratified random sampling was used for data collection. Data was collected through an online questionnaire using the WHO-5 wellbeing index and DASS21 scale for depression anxiety and stress during the peak COVID-19 wave. A sample from 93 employees was collected, out of which 55 employees were from the tourism industry. The results indicated that tourism industry employees as a whole and the employees engaged in activities within tourism were having poor subjective wellbeing and were depressed and anxious. Depression and anxiety among tourism employees were impacted by gender and job experience Employers must use the WHO-5 wellbeing index and DASS-21 scale for keeping track of their employee’s happiness and life satisfaction and their poor mental health.
  Keywords: DASS21; WHO-5; COVID-19; employee subjective wellbeing; tourism employees.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10049925
   
  
• Evaluation of early stage startups by business angels: Indian Evidence  
  by Raju Majumdar 
  Abstract: This study identifies the factor that business angels take into consideration in their investment evaluation process. The study is based on an analysis of primary data obtained from a survey study of 90 Indian angel investors engaged in the financing of early stage start-ups. Thirty one factors used in this study are classified under four broad considerations, including entrepreneurial consideration, product consideration, financial and market consideration. In the first part of the analysis, we identified the pecking order of importance of these factors. Following this the study analysed whether investment fit influenced angels’ preference for projects. The study also analysed the relative importance of the 31 factors in the process of investment appraisal before carrying out a disaggregated analysis of the data to identify the interaction between investment fit and the relative importance of the factors that influenced investment appraisal.
  Keywords: angel financing; India; investment evaluation; early stage financing.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10049977
   
  
• Embedding Sustainability towards the Growth of the Developing Economy: A Study on Sustainable Management Practices of the Leading corporates  
  by Manpreet Kailay, Kamalpreet Kaur Paposa 
  Abstract: The purpose of this research work is to provide a comprehensive literature review on sustainable management practices of leading corporates. The unquestionable relevance of the concept
  Keywords: corporate social responsibility; environment performance index; EPI; leading corporates; sustainable management practices; SMP; sustainable strategies framework; SSF.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10049978
   
  
• A QR Code based Traceability System for Dry Fish Supply Chain of Micro and Small Enterprises in India  
  by ARUN JOSE, Shanmugam Prasanna Venkatesan, Brijesh Kumar 
  Abstract: This research proposes a quick response (QR) code-based supply chain traceability system to control the quality and safety of Marine Dry Fish in India. Micro and small enterprises (MSEs) are the main stakeholders of the dry fish supply chain in India. These MSEs rely mainly on paper documentation for traceability, and technology adoption is still in an early stage due to poor affordability. The proposed QR code stores information such as source/origin, product/variety, location and time of processing, and packaging into a real-time database server. The proposed system was tested among dry fish supply chain stakeholders in Ernakulam, one of the marine districts of Kerala-India. The results showed significant benefits to dry fish value chain members and customers by integrating information collected along the supply chain and tracking the products from fisherman to the end consumer.
  Keywords: supply chain traceability; MSE; QR code; dry fish; quality and safety.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10050005
   
  
• Regression model for residential satisfaction in low-income group public housing in Lucknow, India  
  by Supriya Kumari, Ajay Kumar, Ravish Kumar 
  Abstract: This paper aims to assess residential satisfaction of low-income group (LIG) public housing residents of Lucknow, India. This study mainly focuses on 38 sub-parameters grouped under six parameters, namely dwelling unit features (DUF), dwelling unit support services (DUSS), level of operation and maintenance (LOM), public facilities (PF), social environment (SE), and neighbourhood facilities (NF) of overall residential satisfaction (ORS). This study used data from a questionnaire survey. The results were gathered through descriptive and regression analysis. The results suggest that PPH and APH residents are satisfied with DUF, PF, SE, NF, and ORS, and that APH residents are additionally satisfied with DUSS and LOM. Pearson’s correlation analysis reveals that all sub-parameters are positively correlated, with few exceptions such as street maintenance, garbage disposal, and distance to school, public transport, and fire stations. A multiple linear regression model has been used to estimate the impacts of each parameter and sub-parameter of residential satisfaction. This is the first study on the residential satisfaction model for LIG public housing in Lucknow.
  Keywords: residential satisfaction; low-income group public housing; LIGPH; dwelling unit features; DUF; dwelling unit support services; DUSS; public facilities.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10050006
   
  
• For-Profit MFIs and Indebtedness of Rural Manufacturing Households: Implications for India’s Covid-19 Crisis  
  by Bibhuti Bhusan Mohapatra, A. Jiran Meitei 
  Abstract: From social banking to for-profit MFIs, the rural economy in India has witnessed a sea change in public provisioning of credit. For-profit MFIs are now ubiquitous in rural landscapes, although they have been accused of unethical practices. The accusation appears to be loud as COVID-19 has exasperated the debt servicing woes of borrowers. From the State of Assam to Punjab, the concerns of for-profit MFI borrowers during the pandemic echo. Manufacturing is one of the significant non-farm economic activities in rural areas. Like others, the households engaged in manufacturing activity also borrow from for-profit MFIs by forming joint liability groups (JLGs). The present study has tried to assess their exposure to for-profit MFI credit, both from household and enterprise perspectives, on the basis of a sample survey. The study finds early signs of over-indebtedness and the existence of inverse relationships between debt exposure and household or enterprise incomes.
  Keywords: credit; for-profit; indebtedness; manufacturing; MFIs; rural; unorganised; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10050048
   
  
• Challenges on achieving sustainable development goals: Poverty prediction in India  
  by Ruzhdie BICI 
  Abstract: Poverty is considered as multidimensional, reflected in different dimensions of households’ living condition and unable society to fulfil basic needs. There are different definitions and methodologies for poverty measurements. End of poverty in all its forms everywhere is the first goal of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development goals (SDGs). According to the World Bank, India accounts a high proportion of people living in extreme poverty. The data on poverty level is missing for the latest years, making difficult policy making. To fill the gap on data for missing years and having updated figures, we try to predict poverty using exponential statistical model. There are considered different lines of monetary poverty; people living with less than $1, $1.9, $2 or $3 per day. Despite the economic growth and poverty reduction in India, still achieving the SGDs, goal of poverty is a great challenge and needs several actions towards these worldwide objectives.
  Keywords: poverty; sustainable development goals; SDG; exponential regression; development; prediction.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10050051
   
  
• Demystifying Samyak Agraga from the Women Characters of the Mahabharata: A Holistic Leadership Perspective  
  by Hardik BHADESHIYA, Parag Shukla, Balakrishnan Muniapan 
  Abstract: When all nations worldwide face various societal issues such as violence, poverty, sickness, disability, and more, social entrepreneurship has lately been popular employment and career option appealing to many individuals. The current study proposes antecedents of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), perceived behavioural control and attitude toward behaviour to mediate the effect of awareness and university support on social entrepreneurial intentions. Three hundred thirty students from carefully chosen universities of North-west India were covered for this research using a structured questionnaire which was further analysed using Smart PLS 3.0. In the result, all the variables showed a significant and positive role in relation to social entrepreneurial intention except the subjective norm antecedent of TPB. This research highlights the importance of university support and role of awareness in framing the intentions of young generations towards social entrepreneurship. The findings provide important insights for academics and policymakers, as well as suggest implications for future study.
  Keywords: university support; awareness; India; Generation Z; theory of planned behaviour; TPB; social entrepreneurial intention; SEI; attitude toward behaviour.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10050134
   
  
• The Curious Case of Global Branding: Investigating the link between Ethnic Identity and Consumer Attitude towards Global Brands  
  by Harsandal Deep Kaur, Pranay Moktan 
  Abstract: There is a lack of empirical research on the impact of ethnic identity and cultural values on consumer attitudes towards global brands. The current research develops an integrated framework to address this gap. Further, the mediating effect of masculinity and collectivism is also explored. Data were collected from 456 respondents, and structural equation modelling was run on the proposed model so to gain insights into the numerous pertinent relationships. The results revealed that ethnic identity significantly influenced masculinity and collectivism. Furthermore, masculinity and collectivism were positively associated with consumer attitudes toward global brands. Also, a partial mediating effect of collectivism and masculinity was found between the relationship of ethnic identity and consumer attitudes towards global brands. The current research will provide global brand managers with a novel perspective of considering both ethnic identity, and masculinity and collectivism, while strategising to create positive consumer attitudes towards global brands.
  Keywords: ethnic identity; collectivism; masculinity; consumer attitudes towards global brands; global brands.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10050208
   
  
• Social entrepreneurial intentions among Generation Z: Understanding the role of University support and Awareness in India  
  by Hemantkumar P. Bulsara, Latika Sharma 
  Abstract: When all nations worldwide face various societal issues such as violence, poverty, sickness, disability, and more, social entrepreneurship has lately been popular employment and career option appealing to many individuals. The current study proposes antecedents of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), perceived behavioural control and attitude toward behaviour to mediate the effect of awareness and university support on social entrepreneurial intentions. Three hundred thirty students from carefully chosen universities of North-west India were covered for this research using a structured questionnaire which was further analysed using Smart PLS 3.0. In the result, all the variables showed a significant and positive role in relation to social entrepreneurial intention except the subjective norm antecedent of TPB. This research highlights the importance of university support and role of awareness in framing the intentions of young generations towards social entrepreneurship. The findings provide important insights for academics and policymakers, as well as suggest implications for future study.
  Keywords: university support; awareness; India; Generation Z; theory of planned behaviour; TPB; social entrepreneurial intention; SEI; attitude toward behaviour.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10050437
   
  
• Impact of digital financial infrastructure in furthering financial inclusion in India  
  by Arindam Metia 
  Abstract: Information technology and digital infrastructure have ushered in India’s fourth industrial revolution. One of the most important aspects of providing digital services is digital identity, which has become possible after the implementation of biometric identification (Aadhaar). The goal of this study is to highlight the current state of the banking and mobile money industries. This article highlights India’s success in digital adoption as well as points out areas that need to be improved to realise the goals of financial inclusion. The study also compares the current state of India’s financial inclusion to that of other SAARC and high-income nations. Financial inclusion is being hampered by a number of factors, including digital fraud and the difference in digital services between rural and urban areas, the report said. Financial integration, as well as strong digital security and financial literacy programs, can improve India’s financial stability and long-term prosperity.
  Keywords: inclusion; digital finance; India; subscribers; financial access.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10050438
   
  
• Determination of Satisfaction level of National Pension System in India: An Exploratory study  
  by Debasmita Panigrahi 
  Abstract: In this paper, we evaluate the implication of the national pension system since its inception relating to its acceptability and satisfaction level of its services towards investors. We take a sample of 297 respondents both from central and state government employees in the geographical region of Odisha and West Bengal in India. Using an exploratory factor analysis, we find that the features of the new pension scheme (NPS) can be grouped under three factors, i.e.,
  Keywords: awareness; new pension scheme; pension; return; social security; satisfaction; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10050484
   
  
• The footprint of internal labour migration on the COVID-19 scenario of India: an analysis of structural break and growth rate  
  by Shrabanti Maity, Ummey Rummana Barlaskar, Anil Bhumali 
  Abstract: The common SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the huge loss of human capital worldwide and India is not an exception. India witnessed inter-state labour migration during the lockdown and the celebration of devotional festivals during the unlock phase. The paper aimed to explore the footprint of inter-state labour migration and the aftermaths of the celebration of devotional festivals on the COVID-19 scenario in India. The empirical analysis of the paper was facilitated by the utilisation of the CUSUM of squares test and Poirier’s spline function approach. Based on the secondary data on per-day new COVID-19 cases and per-day new COVID-19 death cases in India, the study concluded although inter-state labour migration did not evident to have the permanent scar to COVID-19 scenario of India, the celebration of devotional festivals evidently had. The study ended with suitable policy prescriptions.
  Keywords: interstate labour migration; devotional festivals; COVID-19; CUSUM of squares test; Poirier’s spline function approach; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10050531
   
  
• Determinants of India-ASEAN Trade: An Augmented Gravity Model Analysis  
  by Mohd Kashif 
  Abstract: Gravity model is a widely used method to describe the determinants of foreign trade between the countries. The basic gravity model can be augmented by using other variables. The article identifies the determinants of India’s trade with ASEAN countries by using the augmented gravity model so that India can formulate policies after considering all those factors which have a significant influence on India’s trade with ASEAN countries. It is found from the article that GDP of both India and ASEAN countries have a significant impact on India’s trade with ASEAN countries. Distance variable is also affecting India’s trade with ASEAN countries but negatively. India and ASEAN both have a common experience of colonial relationships and this variable has a significant impact on India’s trade with ASEAN. It is also found from the article that common border, common language and AIFTA are not influencing India’s trade with ASEAN countries.
  Keywords: augmented gravity model; India; Association of South-East Asian Nations; ASEAN; ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement; AIFTA; COVID-19; trade.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10050611
   
  
• GRI Aligned Disclosures of Indian Corporates: A Study on Environmentally Sensitive Industries  
  by Karishma Jain, P.S. Tripathi 
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the sustainability reports of the Indian companies belonging to environmentally sensitive industries (ESI) and listed in the Nifty 100 index. Four ESI were chosen, viz, cement and construction, oil and gas, metal and mining, and automobile. Content analysis was performed for calculating sustainability disclosure score based on the GRI sustainability reporting framework. Results indicate that four out of 21 companies have disclosure below 50%. Further, it was found that companies have majorly focused on the reporting of governance and stakeholder engagement aspect (80%) followed by the environment (78%), economic (62%), and social (60%). This indicates that ESI companies prioritises environmental issues over social issues. Results of hypothesis testing show that there is no significant variation among the disclosure of the four sectors. Further, the cement and construction sector has the highest disclosure while automobile sector has the least disclosure in all aspects.
  Keywords: ESG disclosures; sustainability reporting; Global Reporting Initiative; GRI; environmentally sensitive industries; content analysis; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10050612
   
  
• Determinants of Dividend Policy in Aluminium Industry listed in Bombay Stock Exchange  
  by Nandita Mohapatra, Devi Prasad Misra Misra, Suman Choudhary, Biswajit Prasad Chhatoi 
  Abstract: The prime objective of this study is to determine the effect of the growth rate of sales, liquidity, profitability, leverage, assets size and firm’s age on the dividend policy of aluminium companies in India. The financial data collected from 19 aluminium companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) have been put to analysis using fixed panel data and random effect regression model. The findings of the study infer that sales growth is the only significant determinant of the dividend policy. Besides, liquidity, asset size and firms’ age are insignificantly negatively associated with the dividend payout. Similarly, profitability and leverage are insignificantly positively related to the dividend payout. The implication of the study is that it can be taken as a base for such research in the field of dividend policy in the Indian companies as very limited studies have been conducted in this regard.
  Keywords: dividend policy; growth rate; profitability; aluminium industry; Bombay Stock Exchange; BSE.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10051237
   
  
• Evaluation of current level for Industry 4.0 adoption among Milk Plant using Industry 4.0 maturity Framework  
  by Paramjeet Singh, Sachit Vardhan, Sarabjeet Singh 
  Abstract: In the present research work, the current level for Industry 4.0 adoption among milk industry using an Industry 4.0 maturity framework has been evaluated. This will assist in the identification of readiness level of milk industry to embrace the Industry 4.0 implementation strategy. The overall maturity level of milk plants come out to be low, i.e., 1.19, which indicates that milk industry has to come further in the implementation of Industry 4.0. Moreover, distribution of level of maturity among our domains are smart factory, smart operation, smart product data driven services is almost same with data driven services be the least mature and smart operations being the most mature among other domains.
  Keywords: Industry 4.0; maturity level; milk plant.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10051585
   
  
• Olfactory marketing as a technological innovation tool for the Indian Retail Industry - A Study of Shoppers Stop Retail Store in Kolkata, India  
  by Shuvam Chatterjee, Pawel Bryla 
  Abstract: Olfactory marketing is a phenomenon that is in the current trend of usage by marketing experts to ensure that consumers are more involved in the purchase decision-making process. Past studies have revealed that customers today look for more than the product and give a lot of importance to the atmosphere where the product or service is being consumed. The study surveyed 190 shoppers across a shopping mall in Kolkata, India. The study further uses the SPSS software program to test the regressions between different variables and build a new understanding of the impact of fragrance cues on consumer purchase decisions under the influence of control variables. This is the first study to demonstrate the effects of fragrance cues on retail shopping stores in Kolkata, India. The study would help managers to fathom the essence behind the importance of olfactory marketing in the retail marketing area.
  Keywords: fragrance marketing; impulse buying; consumer attitude; atmospheric cues; service innovation; Indian retail market; cognitive theory; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10051640
   
  
• Green Training and Pro-Environmental Behaviour Enhancing Education Sustainable Development Goal in Higher Education Institutions: A Conceptual Approach  
  by Hemaloshinee Vasudevan, Diego Rafael Roberto Cabrera Moya, Ravi Nagarathanam, Farhana Tahmida Newaz 
  Abstract: This paper aims to conceptualise on the GT and pro- environmental behaviour at HEIs due to be increased GT environmental awareness as one of the essential elements in the construction of the country’s capacity toward sustainable development. Education for sustainable development (ESD) is a space where people and their environment can grow and encourage awareness and deep knowledge toward environmental training and education that are constructed of a pro-environmentally friendly attitude and behaviour for employees who feel like they are a component of green success and are critical human resource management activities that assist the achievement of environmental objectives. The best way to address environmental problems and protection efforts are to change society’s daily attitudes and pro-environmental behaviour and practices by focusing on green training (GT). The lack of training on new green technologies was used to diagnose the problem of inadequate sustainability and limited at higher education institutions (HEIs).
  Keywords: educational sustainable development goal; green training; pro-environmental behaviour; higher education institutions; HEIs; education for sustainable development; ESD.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10051833
   
  
• From Extrospection to Introspection: The Shrimad Bhagwad Gita Based Framework for Planetizens during VUCA times.  
  by Jitendra Kumar Sharma, Arun Kumar Agariya 
  Abstract: Scholarly literature is available on the utility of Shrimad Bhagwad Gita in leadership and managerial effectiveness. Workplace spirituality has also been addressed. However, there is a paucity of literature on Shrimad Bhagwad Gita as a source of knowledge to shift the focus from extrospection the outwardly crusade; to the realm of self, i.e., introspection the inwardly expedition. In a nutshell, self-management may be more important than the self-directed behaviour. It may be recognised as an important utility of Shrimad Bhagwad Gita in a world which seems to be in the quest of demonstrating superiority. While the conventional wars are observable, economic and cyber wars are also palpable. People are yearning for peace in the face of volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity (VUCA). Utilising the methodology of hermeneutics, a conceptual framework has been presented with the following implications: 1) enhanced self-awareness; 2) better self-management; 3) stress-free performance; 4) perennial happiness.
  Keywords: Bhagwad Gita; introspection; extrospection; VUCA; ethics; business ethics; morality; values; leadership; self-awareness.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10051932
   
  
• Perception and Level of Satisfaction of Small Tea Growers towards Institutional Role: A District Level Case Study  
  by ANITABH KAKOTY, RATAN KAURINTA 
  Abstract: The present study has an aim to empirically identify the differences of perception and level of satisfaction among the small tea growers (STGs) with an acreage of 10.12 ha or below of Golaghat district of Assam. The STGs in Assam has contributed to the production of green leaves which is more than 50% of total green leaf output of the state. It has become pertinent for them to climb up to a strategic stage with a voice as the whole system is reaching maturity and they need to attain a vantage point to access the benefits from administration and increase financial inclusiveness. An analytical study was conducted with structured interviews among the STGs in the line of different dimensions. The results obtained shows a presence of a distinct gap in between perception and satisfaction level of STGs which affirms the scope of improvement.
  Keywords: administrative structure; communication; efficiency; financial inclusion; satisfaction; small tea growers; STGs; perception.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10052035
   
  
• Comparative Bibliometric and Thematic Analysis of Microfinance and Women Empowerment: India Versus World  
  by Insha Wani, Megha Agarwal 
  Abstract: Keeping pace with the real-time developments in the field of research, this paper attempts to scientifically examine the research evolution in the domain of microfinance in relation to women-empowerment. The study focuses on the research trends and thematic breakthrough by conducting bibliometric analysis of the field from time-period of 1996
  Keywords: microfinance; women-empowerment; bibliometric analysis; systematic literature review; PRISMA; thematic mapping.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10052196
   
  
• Work engagement and organisational citizenship behaviour: The mediating role of job crafting  
  by Mayuk Dasgupta, Ajoy Kumar Dey 
  Abstract: This study investigated the relationships between work engagement, organisational citizenship behaviour, and job crafting. This was further operationalised at the dimensional level of job crafting to probe if task, relational and cognitive crafting mediate this relationship. The research framework was tested on a sample of 551 entry-level full-time employees working in the information technology-enabled services (ITES) sector in India. The sample was collected using multi-stage cluster sampling followed by a quantitative cross-sectional survey and regression analysis with bootstrapping technique. The study found a strong association between work engagement and organisational citizenship behaviour. Moreover, the mediating effect of relational and cognitive job crafting was also significant and partially mediates the relationship. The study failed to detect any influence of task crafting on the relationship.
  Keywords: work engagement; organisational citizenship behaviour; job crafting; job demands-resources theory; JD-R; Indian ITES sector; information technology-enabled services.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10052495
   
  
• INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN AGRICULTURE: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW  
  by Nabila Kayum, Pradeep Mamgain 
  Abstract: The digital revolution minimised the gap between agricultural operations and information and communication technology (ICT) in the previous decade. ICT is being used for information sharing, speeding up transactions, and improve farmer knowledge. Rational adoption of ICT in agriculture is the sense of research review. In this context, we propose a systematic literature review (SLR) that aims to synthesise all relevant research on ICT in agriculture. An electronic search was performed on selected databases, and 39 primary studies were retrieved after applying selection criteria. This review establishes a foundation for investigating the adoption of ICT by farmers for technological advancement and sustainability in agriculture. The analysis of primary studies reveals that mobile phones are frequently used to communicate agricultural information. Furthermore, it highlights that ICT adoption is obstructed by poor technological infrastructure, inadequate policies, and a lack of awareness among farmers. The findings also indicate the lack of an appropriate conceptual framework for driving ICT advancements.
  Keywords: agriculture; agricultural operations; agriculture in developing nations; evolution of ICT in agriculture; information and communication technology; ICT; systematic literature review; SLR.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10052535
   
  
• Impact of Customer Engagement Strategies on Shopping in the Physical Environment: Retail stores and Online portals (in Delhi and Santa Clara County)  
  by ISHITA SACHDEVA, Sushma Goel 
  Abstract: The physical environment in retail store includes the store exterior, store interior, layout and design, point-of-purchase display, human variables, customer service features. The physical environment in online portal includes virtual atmospherics, virtual theatrics, virtual layout and design, virtual social presence, and functional features. Retailing that engages customers purposefully either offline, i.e., retail store or online, i.e., online shopping portal, creates a long-lasting impression on them. The present research is attempting to explore the physical elements of shopping environments that influence customers, engage them in several activities and enhance their experience in Delhi, India and Santa Clara County, USA.
  Keywords: retail stores; online portals; physical environment; customer engagement.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10052851
   
  
• Placement of Hindu Auspicious Inlay Design Elements in the Mughal Monuments of Agra (India)  
  by Pooja Sharma 
  Abstract: The Mughal buildings were decorated with auspicious, floral, arabesques and geometrical designs
  Keywords: Mughal; inlay; design elements; placement; auspicious; Hindu; motifs; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10052853
   
  
• The Contribution of HRM with AI for Customer Relationships Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Corporate Sector  
  by V. Mahalakshmi  
  Abstract: As COVID-19 cases mount, many countries have enforced a lockdown. It worsens the global economic situation. International trade, supply networks, and the services industry have high unemployment. AI and technology assist their company restructure. AI builds a smart, innovative economy. AI decreases personal and professional worries. This study will examine HRM’s role in minimising COVID-19’s worker consequences. AI investment risks will also be examined. The literature review examines employee retention motivator ideas and the company’s intelligence prediction system. Firm strategy includes research to limit COVID-19’s influence. One hundred fifty non-probability respondents participated in correlation and descriptive statistics. The paper shows how HR can boost employee satisfaction. Profits and values can be boosted via workplace instructions, help, and information. AI can help small and medium-sized enterprises with COVID-19 manufacturing contact customers online, predict cash flow, and streamline HR. AI helps SMBs raise their dynamic capacities by employing technology to match creative demand methods, pivot quickly, increase efficiency, and reduce investment risk. Intelligence helps with data management. These strategies boost responsiveness, adaptability, and efficiency. Hybrid systems will grow.
  Keywords: human resource management; HRM; customer relationship; employee; corporate sector; statistical metrics; COVID-19’s influence; supply networks; SMEs.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10052917
   
  
• Determinants of Dividend Policy-Evidence from an Emerging Market  
  by Arit Chaudhury, Varun Dawar 
  Abstract: The present study empirically investigates the determinants of dividend policy by focusing on the small-capitalisation firms in the context of emerging market of India. The study adds to relatively limited empirical literature on factors influencing dividend policy decisions in case of a set of small capitalisation firms in India and introduces extensive set of explanatory variables observed in previously related studies in developed and emerging markets. Our empirical results (derived through robust estimation techniques) support for dividend signalling, agency argument and transaction cost theory and identify leverage, growth and investment opportunities as the major determinants of dividend policy in case of small capitalisation firms. The results however fail to provide any evidence with respect to free cash flow hypothesis and tax clientele in Indian context. The results of this study would be helpful for analysts and investors in assessing the right valuation of small capitalisation companies through better understanding of their dividend determinants and behaviour.
  Keywords: dividends; emerging market; signalling; agency; tax clientele; transaction.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10053041
   
  
• Human Resource Disclosure Practices in India  
  by Dr. Kirti Aggarwal, Anju Verma 
  Abstract: The aim of the present study is to examine the extent and trend of HR disclosure of Indian corporates. Further, the study also aimed to check the existence of significant variation in HR disclosure practices of Indian companies across the various industrial sectors. The findings of the study show that the highest amount of HR disclosure percentage comes from Human Resource Policy and Vision Component in the year 2017
  Keywords: human resource disclosure index; HRDI; content analysis; annual report; disclosure; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10053336
   
  
• The Relevance of Mahabharata for the Development of a Spiritual Model of Good Governance Within the Indian Context  
  by Ravindra Shenoy. U, Balakrishnan Muniapan, Sudheendra Putty 
  Abstract: Good governance is essential for organisational sustainability in this VUCA world. Good governance has been explored from various dimensions by several scholars. Within the Indian context, good governance from the Ramayana has been analysed by numerous scholars. However, the Mahabharata (except for the Bhagavad Gita) has yet to be analysed in-depth within the context of governance. The authors therefore will explore the Mahabharata and present its relevance to good governance. This work not only fills a vacuum in the literature, but incorporates spirituality into the study of good governance. Hermeneutics, a qualitative methodology for interpreting texts, is used in this paper. The Mahabharata suggests a spiritual model of good governance with an intrinsic perspective of governance that extends from self-governance through corporate governance and eventually world or global governance. This paper is expected to offer an ancient philosophy, values-based philosophical, wisdom, and spiritual approach to good governance.
  Keywords: good governance; management spirituality; the Mahabharata; Indian culture and leadership.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10053349
   
  
• Customer Value Theory: Sensitivity to Price, Emotional Values, Social Relationship Supports, and Values Conscious Organic Products Purchase Intention  
  by Surbhi Sharma, Bijay Kushwaha 
  Abstract: This study aims to investigate the purchase intention of organic skin care products by using three variables of customer value theory, and its sub variables influencing purchase decision of consumer. Furthermore, how they improve brand reputation and commercial performance in the organic skin care industry. Total 511 participants’ responses were analysed and questions developed from the current literatures about the influence of customer value theory on purchase intention of organic skin care products used as survey instrument. The conceptual framework of this study visualises perceived consumer value theory, which contains three dimensions: functional value, social value and emotional value, wherein the findings demonstrated the significant impacts of both emotional and functional values. This study also focusses on the dimensions and sub variables of customer theory and these values examined in the context of organic skin care products which provides new model and future scopes.
  Keywords: customer value theory; purchase intention; organic skin care products; social relationship supports.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10053614
   
  
• Analyzing critical indicators of non-performing assets among small and medium enterprise  
  by Susil Kumar Kanagaraj Victor, Senthil Arasu Balasubramanian, Sivakumar Sundararajan 
  Abstract: Non-performing assets (NPA) of SMEs are a phenomenon that ceases the income of financial institutions (FIs). In this study, various pragmatic factors contributing to the slippage of performing assets of SMEs leading to distress in Indian FIs are analysed and prioritised accordingly using multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) technique called analytical hierarchy process (AHP). This study is based on primary data collected through a structured questionnaire from employees of different levels from Indian manufacturing SMEs. The empirical result of this study shows that out of 15 identified factors that influence the NPA for SMEs, three critical factors are deemed to be significant early-warning signals for NPA: a decrease in sales turnover, a decrease in production and a decrease in profit. Also, it suggests that implementing potential monitoring and control system can avoid SMEs slipping towards NPA. These findings have important implications for FIs, SMEs and policymakers to manage SMEs' NPA proactively.
  Keywords: non-performing assets; NPA; small and medium enterprises; SMEs; multi-criteria decision making; MCDM; analytical hierarchical process; Indian financial institutions.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10056449
   
  
• AN ANALYSIS OF SAVING AND INVESTMENT BEHAVIOUR OF SCHOOL TEACHERS OF SELECTIVE DISTRICTS IN KERALA  
  by Cino Joseph, Velavan A. 
  Abstract: One of the significant research works which provide complete information and a survey about social security is people investment. People from several sectors are investing, but the teacher's investment is the most important factor since the teachers are the backbone of the human learning industry. India creates more opportunities for people to have their social security. Generally, investors are not confirmed about their investments, dilemmas regarding the money, and which company to invest in. Also, people are not aware of the maximum yields. Thus, this paper explains how to do investment and list of Government and private companies taking care of people's investments. This paper provides detailed information about the teachers living in four districts of Kerala state involved in investment. A quantitative analysis was taken to analyze the study of teachers' investment. The study was made on 140 respondents and their categories of investment.
  Keywords: People Behavior Analysis Savings and Investment Teaching School Staff Kerala State.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10053909
   
  
• Impact of financial communication practices on investors’ risk perception and decision making  
  by Vinita Ramchandani, Anindita Chatterjee 
  Abstract: With increasing educational level and technology usage among general public, awareness regarding investment options has increased. General public can be seen actively participating in the investment market. With increasing number of investors and their varied interests and reasons for investing; it is important for organizations to understand the investors’ perception accordingly plan the financial communication strategies. Decision making is a process that is affected by various factors and an understanding of how these factors affects investors; helps an organization to communicate effectively with the stakeholder. The present study is an attempt to analyze the effect of financial communication practices on investors’ risk perception and decision making.
  Keywords: Financial Communication; Investors; Risk Perception; Decision Making.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10053953
   
  
• INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL PRECARITY ON EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT AND INNOVATIVE WORK BEHAVIOUR: EVIDENCE FROM INDIA  
  by Muhammed S, Sreejith S 
  Abstract: The sudden outburst of the pandemic, the subsequent economic ramifications and widespread feeling of job insecurity have cast employees across the globe under the shred of financial uncertainty. Employees are experiencing significant financial precarity, which is detrimental to both organizations and employees. In this context, the study explores the mechanism that accounts for the relationship between financial resources and financial worry and also investigates the effect of financial worry on employee engagement and innovative work behaviour. Data were collected from employees working in different organizations in the financial services sector in India, and the sample comprises 254 employees. The study found support for self-esteem as a mediator in the relationship between financial resources and financial worry. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that financial worry negatively affects employee engagement and innovative work behaviour. Financial worry mediates the association between financial resources, employee engagement and innovative work behaviour.
  Keywords: Financial worry; Employee engagement; Innovative work behaviour; Financial Precarity.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10054024
   
  
• Understanding Purchase Intention of Menstrual products among Rural Indian Women: Periods are normal  
  by Jeanne Poulose, Vinod Sharma, Dileep Kumar M., Sanjib Bhattacharjee 
  Abstract: Menstruation is as natural as breathing but the commencement of this biological process for a young girl anywhere in the world marks a long journey of discomfort mostly in silence. The myths and taboos surrounding this topic especially in a developing country like India prevent the market penetration of feminine hygiene products specifically those related to menstruation. The situation is worse in rural India due to the lack of resources and the lower levels of literacy and thereby reduced awareness of good menstrual practices. This study aims to use the theory of planned behaviour to understand the purchase intentions of rural women towards menstrual products. Data collected through purposive sampling on psychographic and demographic variables was analyzed revealing that consumer awareness, consumer attitude and the social influence greatly influences purchase intentions of such feminine hygiene products. Younger educated girls having and expressing more choices.
  Keywords: Feminine Hygiene Products; Social Concern; Social Marketing; Consumer Buying Behavior; Purchase Intentions; Rural Women in India; Theory of Planned Behaviour.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10054195
   
  
• Research related needs assessment of Indian doctoral researchers: A Thematic Analysis  
  by Parul Pandey, Urvashi Kaushal 
  Abstract: This is one of the first Indian studies which looks at the research related problems faced by doctoral researchers during their PhD journey. The aim of this paper is to determine the research related needs of the doctoral students in India and the steps taken by them to address the problem. A qualitative research approach in the form of an open ended questionnaire and convenience sampling was used to collect data from 50 researchers which included doctoral graduates from different Indian institutions. Indian researcher’s perceptions were validated by the literature reviewed on the researchers abroad. Several findings were listed out after the thematic analysis which was validated by Nvivo. Furthering this research can lead to an increase in the efficiency and employability of the doctoral researchers in India. This can advance the innovation, research and development (R&D) and the economic sector of India.
  Keywords: doctoral researchers; India; need analysis; employability skills; globalisation; education; PhD; research; problems; thematic analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10054391
   
  
• Modelling the Factors for the Launch of Sovereign Green Bond in India using Fuzzy-AHP Method  
  by Pushkar Pushp, Sudeep Subramanian 
  Abstract: Green bonds have a huge role to play in tackling climate change. Governments and policymakers across the globe have agreed on attaining 17 sustainable development goals by 2030. India has one of the largest renewable energy programs to tackle climate change. In February 2022, the Government of India announced the launch of sovereign green bonds. With this objective, this study aims to identify the factors that should be considered by the policymakers while launching the proposed sovereign green bonds by the union government. The factors identified have been grouped into four broad sets namely infrastructural factors, political and economic factors, financial factors and social factors. The findings reveal that coupon (Interest) rate offered, exchange rate stability, monitoring and management framework, sovereign guarantee and, carbon performance benchmarks among others are imperative for green bond operations in India. The inputs from this study can help design the policy for a successful launch of sovereign green bonds.
  Keywords: Sovereign green bonds; sustainability; green finance; Fuzzy-AHP; renewable energy; sustainable development goals; climate change.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10054454
   
  
• Study and Analysis of Socio-economic Factors of Women Entrepreneurs in India: A Case Study  
  by Malti P. S., Kodge B. G. 
  Abstract: If society is a bicycle, then both the men and women are its two wheels, and contributions of both are required for the society's growth and development. Women in urban India have excelled their male counterparts in almost all fields and have showed their mite. Along with performing their home maker role, they are successfully competing with men in different walks of life. They have distinguished themselves in many unconventional fields. But in rural parts of India, the story is little bit different. Therefore, in this paper we have made an attempt to study the socio-economic factors which determines how different entrepreneurial activities among women leads to the entrepreneurial development viz. socio-economic, demographic, psychological and personal factors. This case study is undertaken in the rural parts of Latur district of Maharashtra state of India through filed survey.
  Keywords: women entrepreneurs; socio-economic factors; psychological study; personal and demographic data analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10058224
   
  
• Sustainability Reporting: A systematic literature review and analysis  
  by Shyamal Datta, Sonu Goyal 
  Abstract: Adoption of sustainability reporting (SR) is growing consistently and 96% of the world’s largest 250 companies now report on sustainability, leading to an increased research interest in this topic. However, studies on SR for identifying major themes, prominent authors, journals and countries are limited in number. Our study conducts a systematic literature analysis to structure the extant literature on sustainability reporting and provides an orientation for the researchers as well as industry experts. Findings show that Journal of Cleaner Production, Sustainability and Journal of Business Ethics are the most contributing journals while Australia, England and the USA are the leading countries. Olivier Boiral is the most productive author in terms of publishing articles and Rodrigo Lozano is the most cited author. GRI, CSR, assurance, stakeholder engagement are the most prominent themes while SDGs, firm performance, quality and materiality are the recent trends in sustainability reporting research area. We have also identified the research contexts (theories, determinants, industries) of current SR literature and suggested future research themes accordingly.
  Keywords: sustainability reporting; sustainability accounting; non-financial reporting; bibliometric analysis; literature review; VOSViewer; Web of Science; corporate sustainability.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10054800
   
  
• ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION OF PRODUCTION AND SALES: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON INDIAN AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY  
  by KRISHAN KUMAR, NEHA YADAV, Kamaljit Singh, Inderjit Yadav 
  Abstract: This study examines the segment wise contribution of production and sales of automobiles in Indian economy from 2010
  Keywords: passenger vehicles; commercial vehicles; automobile manufactures.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10054857
   
  
• Student engagement for online learning in higher education institutions: A literature review  
  by Hemantkumar P. Bulsara, Himanshu Bagdi 
  Abstract: This paper aims to comprehensively review the literature on students’ engagement in online learning (OL), uncover the current state of studies in higher education institutions (HEI), and highlight the research gaps. This paper employed a descriptive methodology to assess students’ engagement (SE) with OL in HEI based on summarising the information of studies and minimising the reviewer’s interpretation. The scholarly articles of original research from peer-reviewed journals and conferences were searched systematically from 2015 to 2022. Lastly, 30 papers were considered eligible for inclusion in the review. Based on the articles reviewed, the majority of the previous studies have relied on questionnaires and reviews rather than examining discrete factors. Moreover, based on the study findings, the authors can conclude that system quality, service quality, concept mapping, active learning, coursework, class atmosphere, teacher-student interaction, perceived usefulness, cognitive engagement, and students’ readiness are the factors that affect SE in the OL.
  Keywords: students engagement; online learning; e-learning; higher education institutions; HEI; internet; COVID-19; readiness; academics; traditional learning.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10054920
   
  
• Workplace Spirituality and Organisational Effectiveness in the Indian Higher Education Sector: Exploring the Relationship and Mediating Role of Positive Organisational Scholarship Factors  
  by Nidhi Sharma, NAVAL GARG 
  Abstract: The present research empirically examines the association of workplace spirituality with organisational effectiveness, the linkages between their respective dimensions, and how select positive organisational scholarship (POS) factors mediate the relationship between the two constructs. Data were gathered from academics of higher education institutes across India using online self-report questionnaires. The analysis was carried out using statistical techniques including correlation analysis and tests of mediation. The results revealed significant positive associations between workplace spirituality and organisational effectiveness, and between their respective sub-dimensions. Additionally, POS factors like job satisfaction, affective and normative commitment, trust, spiritual well-being, and resilience emerged as mediators of the relationship between the two constructs while continuance commitment and emotional labour did not. Since the assertions purporting organisational effectiveness as an outcome of workplace spirituality have only persisted in the conceptual domain to date, the findings of this study fulfil a long-felt need by empirically establishing such association, and also help to understand the dynamics behind this relationship by exploring its operationalisation through POS factors. This should alleviate resistance among practitioners towards the adoption of organisational transformation initiatives through workplace spirituality to improve organisational effectiveness by enabling the implementation of appropriate evidence-based, contextually relevant, and risk-mitigating strategies.
  Keywords: workplace spirituality; organisational effectiveness; positive organisational scholarship; higher education sector; academics; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10054922
   
  
• CONCEPTUALIZING SPIRITUALITY FOR MANAGEMENT  
  by Sharda S. Nandram, Puneet Bindlish, Gunjan Joshi 
  Abstract: To progress spirituality research and increase its applicability for a wider range of topics in business and management common ground around its ontology is of utmost importance. We propose a definition schema for spirituality to help researchers identify the key themes and concepts that must be incorporated when defining or understanding the concept of spirituality. A novel approach has been introduced to define spirituality and enhance scholars’ discussions from an integrative perspective. We revisited the literature around the concept of schema and examined 142 definitions of spirituality using Atlas.ti to generate themes. The paper also uses a unique approach adapted from the Tarka method belonging to Indian philosophical approaches to definitions. and empirical validation from international experts in the field of spirituality. Through the proposed definition schema, we further enrich the ontology of spirituality and contribute to the epistemological scholarly debates on spirituality for management research.
  Keywords: spirituality; ethics; conceptualisation; integrative approach; definition schema.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10055021
   
  
• Technology Influence on Purchase Intention with Respect to Luxury Fashion  
  by Soumya Soni, Bhuvanesh Kumar Sharma, Sunil Mishra, Haldhar Sharma 
  Abstract: A luxury item communicates distinct social and cultural values to consumers through its product or brand. An infinite number of high-end fashion products, distribution channels, and price points are available to consumers worldwide. We can see that people are becoming more and more drawn to jewellery in our immediate environment. Due to people’s attraction to jewellery, the industry is a research focus. Thus, the current study focuses on India’s online jewellery retail market. For this particular study, a quantitative approach has been used. The present study expands on prior research through empirical analysis and a quantitative investigation. The study shows that hedonic and fashion consciousness significantly determine consumer purchase intentions for luxury (jewellery) products. We are analysing whether the same variables will influence online shopping. The research paper will benefit marketing practitioners, notably in segmentation, targeting, and positioning with luxury product marketing.
  Keywords: luxury; fashion; jewellery; consumer; buying behaviour; online shopping; hedonism; fashion consciousness; self-gratification; purchase intention; ANOVA.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10055029
   
  
• Agribusiness Crisis in Imposition Times: Evidence from Rural Assam, India  
  by Md. Aktar Hussain, Pradyut Guha 
  Abstract: Using farm-level primary data collected from the central Brahmaputra valley of Assam, the study aims at examining the determinants of the agribusiness crisis following the imposition of pandemic-induced national lockdown. The estimated results showed that income loss was directly associated with the value of damaged perishable food crops across the farm households. Besides marketing inconveniences during the lockdown period, a significant section of farmers reported limited access to storage facilities and the absence of any processing facility at the village level contributed towards damage of the perishable food crops at the harvesting stage. Policies in the promotion of agribusiness through the creation of rural marketing infrastructures such as storage and processing units may serve as an alternative destination of harvested food crops for farmers rather excessively reliant on conventional local markets under situation of emergency.
  Keywords: farm income; damaged crop; marketing; emergency; lockdown; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10055328
   
  
• Knowledge Management; Its essence and application in Insurance Industry - A Qualitative Study of Insurance Companies operating in Guwahati  
  by PRADYUT KUMAR BORAH, Barua Mukulesh, SANJIB RAJ 
  Abstract: The insurance industry is one of the sectors which are operating in a most dynamic environment where requirement of information capture and dissemination is highly felt. The growing business and competition has called for a structured knowledge management process to offer a competitive edge to the organisations. The sector requires a collaborative environment where management and sharing of information among peers is crucial. The present research is an attempt to look into the perception of professionals, advisors etc, associated with the sector regarding the need for a structured KM process. The research paper looked into the KM applicability as perceived by the professionals working in the insurance sector in Guwahati, Assam. It is found that since the performance of the organisations depends on the quality of service and inter-personal interactions, there is a great need for training and data management. Performance level can be enhanced with a continuous process of capacity building of the employees through a defined strategy of the organisation supported by congenial culture of information sharing and knowledge exchange. The activities of emphasis have been identified through the research which can be focal point of concentration from the KM point of view.
  Keywords: insurance; knowledge management; mentoring; organisational culture; training; Guwahati.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10055566
   
  
• Macro and Bank Specific Factors Explaining Non-Performing Assets of Commercial Banks: A cross country analysis  
  by Prakash Singh 
  Abstract: The present study thrives to identify the major factors influencing NPA of a particular country by analysing a dataset containing data for various macroeconomic factors of ten countries for past nine years (2010
  Keywords: non-performing assets; NPAs; net NPA ratio; public sector banks; PSBs; private sector banks.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10055567
   
  
• The narratives of Police service quality during COVID 19 pandemic: an empirical investigation  
  by Richa Burman, Noopur SINGH 
  Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic created unparalleled problems for law enforcement agencies; the present research work focussed on examining the role of job stress, workplace support, and LMX in improving police service quality during the pandemic. This paper will analyse organisational commitment as a mediator between the proposed conceptual model. Data was obtained using survey method from the Indian state of Rajasthan. Substantiating it with few cases, the empirical analysis for the collected responses was done through a SPSS plugin named PROCESS. Hardly studies exploring the behavioural factors at the workplace which can enhance or diminish the police service quality are present in academic literature. Hence, this study has brought forward the role of job stress, workplace support, LMX, organisational commitment in analysing and comparing police attitudes towards better service quality. The study will act as a framework which can be replicated in order to enhance police responsiveness in other countries.
  Keywords: job stress; JS; workplace support; WS; leader-member exchange; LMX; organisational commitment; OC; police service quality; PSQ.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10055657
   
  
• Managerial Discretion and Loan Loss Provision Practices: An Empirical Study of the Indian Public and Private Sector Commercial Banks.  
  by Meena Sharma, Meena Rani 
  Abstract: This study has examined the impact of income smoothing, capital management, and signalling practices on the loan loss provisions (LLPS) in the Indian Commercial banks along with the credit-risk aversion behaviour of the management. It has also aimed to study whether the LLPS vary for the listed versus the unlisted banks in India. The Indian public and private sector commercial banks from FY 2009-10 to 2018-19 have been analysed through the dynamic panel-data regression technique, namely Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) with the first differences. The results have shown that the Indian public and private sector commercial banks, besides the credit risk management, focus on the capital management and on the signalling practices as incentives while determining the amount of LLPs. The further analysis have shown the significant differences between the listed and the unlisted banks for the income smoothing and the signalling practices.
  Keywords: Loan Loss Provisions; Credit Risk; Capital Management; Earnings’ Management; Signalling.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10055661
   
  
• Workplace Incivility and its Effect on Work Engagement and Turnover Intention: A Study of Service Sector  
  by Shahbaz Ul Islam, Zahoor Ahmad Parray, Tanveer Ahmad Shah 
  Abstract: The main goal of this research is to determine the effect of workplace incivility on employee’s work engagement and turnover intention working in the service sector of UT Jammu and Kashmir and also examine the association between workplace incivility, employee’s work engagement, and employees’ turnover intention. The data was collected from 400 employees working in the service sector (higher education sector) of UT Jammu and Kashmir. The study employed a quantitative research approach. Stratified random sampling and a self-administrative questionnaire are used to collect data from these employees. The results display that workplace incivility harms employees’ work engagement and has a positive influence on employees’ turnover intention. This research study adds to the existing knowledge of Social Exchange Theory by emphasising that employees should create a culture of trust and mutual respect within an organisation, which encourages social learning and social interaction that can promote loyalty, work engagement, mutual commitment, and finally lesser chances of an employee leaving the organisation (Cropanzano and Mitchell, 2005).
  Keywords: workplace incivility; turnover intention; work engagement; social exchange theory.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10055662
   
  
• Work-life balance is mediating and social fulfillment is moderating the relationship between job satisfaction and life satisfaction among working people in developing countries  
  by Ranganathan Venkatesan 
  Abstract: The primary aim of the research is to find out the life satisfaction in working people of developing countries. The study is concentrated on how work-life balance is mediating between the jobs satisfactions with life satisfaction and social fulfilment moderately affects job satisfaction and life satisfaction. This study employed life satisfaction as a dependent variable. Independent variables are work-life balance, job satisfaction and social fulfilment. Social fulfilment is introducing variables and remaining variables from previous research. Data were collected at selected districts in the state of South Tamil Nadu, India through structured questionnaires. Sample size of present study is 447. JAMOVI (version 1.1.7) was used for analysing collected data. EFA and CFA analysis were done for find factor loading, reliability, sampling adequacy and model fit. Mediation and moderation analysis was made for find the significance of WLB and SF. Social fulfilment is moderately affected between the job satisfaction and life satisfaction.
  Keywords: life satisfaction; job satisfaction; work-life balance; WLB; social fulfilment; work-family conflict; WFC; family-work conflict; FWC.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10055741
   
  
• Examining social media fatigue and flow experience: a moderated mediation model of addiction and self-esteem  
  by Akhil Prakash, Pushpendra Priyadarshi, Pankaj Kumar, Ajay Singh 
  Abstract: The dark side of social media (SM) has become an active area of research but, scarce studies exist on the role of unplanned motivational factors and the resulting SM behaviour. To bridge the gap, we explore the link between SM flow, a primary intrinsic motivation for SM use, and fatigue, which is an unwanted outcome. Drawing on the conservation of resources and unplanned behaviour theory, this study seeks to establish addiction as a resource drain and self-esteem as a resource drain buffer in understanding the mechanism of fatigue development from flow experience. We took data from 241 respondents and tested our model for the mediation effect of SM addiction on the relationship between SM flow and fatigue, and the moderation effect of self-esteem on the relationship between flow and addiction. The results indicated that the moderated mediation model is significant. Limitations and implications are discussed.
  Keywords: social media strain; fatigue; flow; addiction; self-esteem; conservation of resources; unplanned behaviour.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10055818
   
  
• A Comprehensive Study on factors of Work-Life balance and Big Five Personality Traits and Their Impact on Perceived Performance of Employees  
  by Neha Pandey, Anu Gupta, Harleen Mahajan 
  Abstract: Banking industry witnessed vast changes in their schemes and policy in recent years. In order to improve employee performance, it is important to determine various factors contributing towards performance. In this research, we identified impact of work life balance and personality traits on perceived performance of employees. A theoretical structure model was created, by integrating three variables of work life balance (WLB) and five traits of personality and their impact on perceived performance. Three major variables i.e. organizational support, work pressure, self-development of WLB has been tested through exploratory factor analysis. Further, impact of above three variables along with big five traits of personality have been tested on perceived performance using regression analysis. Findings show positive correlation of different factors of WLB and five traits of personality with perceived performance. This study turned out to be more fundamental in order to improve performance of employees.
  Keywords: work life balance; WLB; organisational support; personality traits; perceived performance; work pressure; banking sector.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10056232
   
  
• Human Resource Accounting Practices of Indian Companies  
  by Dr. Kirti Aggarwal  
  Abstract: The aim of the present study is to examine the techniques of human resource accounting adopted by selected Indian listed companies to account their human resources. The outcome of the study shows that most of the Indian companies like BHEL, CFSL, GTL, HPCL, INFOSYS, PEC, ROLTA, SATYAM and SPIC adopted the model developed by Lev and Schwartz. The concept is of topical origin and is struggling for acceptance in the financial statements. Failure to measure the HR value and cost would reduce the effectiveness of the organization. These idiosyncrasies of the HR make human asset management a challenging job for the organizations. However, in the use of various models when more experience is gathered, it is expected that in the years to come, corporate reporting practices will pay greater attention to this emerging dimension of HR measurement and reporting.
  Keywords: Human Asset; Human Resource Accounting; Model; Reporting; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10056413
   
  
• Antecedents Influencing Brand Management of Indian Higher Education Institutes: An Inside-Out Approach  
  by Kritika Khanna, Jagwinder Singh, Sarbjit Singh Bedi 
  Abstract: This study aims to examine the relative influence of branding antecedents on different aspects of brand management of higher education institutes (HEIs). The extant literature was reviewed systematically to identify the branding antecedents and branding aspects for higher education institutes (HEIs). Subsequently, branding antecedents and branding aspects were empirically tested. Following this, relative influence of branding antecedents on branding aspects was tested. Competence and service quality have been found most important antecedents of branding for HEIs. Heritage has been found as most influencing antecedent for the development of brand identity. Similarly, service quality closely followed by competence has been found most influencing antecedents for the development of brand image. Competences closely followed by reputation have been found most influencing antecedents for the development of brand meaning. The most noteworthy feature of the study is that HEIs may adopt inside-out approach of branding contrary to the traditional and prevalent outside-in approach.
  Keywords: brand identity; brand image; brand meaning; higher education institutes; HEIs; intangible resources; reputation; service quality.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10056417
   
  
• Gig Economy in India: Growth, Challenges and Way Forward  
  by Suman Kharbanda, Poonam Bewtra, Supriya Kamna 
  Abstract: Gig economy refers to a labour market characterised by the prevalence of short-term contracts, freelance or project-based work, and temporary or on-demand jobs for workers who are not on the rolls of any company or firm. In recent years, the changing employer employee relationship has led to emergence of gig economy across the world. This has brought in various pertinent issues related to workers, employers and the economy in general. This paper enumerates the factors that have led to the growth of gig economy in India, the risks and the challenges faced by the companies or platforms who use gig services and the workers who are not in a nine to five job. This paper has listed and critically examined the policy measures which have been taken by the Government of India to support the gig workers. The study concludes by giving certain policy recommendations and implications for the benefit of the gig economy.
  Keywords: gig economy; platform workers; gig jobs; social security; contract workers; freelancers; platforms; Atmanirbhar; e shram; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10056418
   
  
• Changing behaviours of Gen Z in the COVID-19 endemic era -Do we need to change marketing approach  
  by Rajesh Srivastava, Sandeep Bhanot 
  Abstract: This paper studies the first generation of the 21st century, i.e., Generation Z and highlights their Changing behaviour of Gen Z in COVID-19 endemic era. The aim of the study is to find out the changing purchase behaviour of Gen Z. It is a mix of secondary and primary study. Fear of missing out is still prevalent among Gen Z. Phone calls are the most common way of communicating with friends and family followed by mobile messaging apps among Gen Z. Instagram is the most often used followed by WhatsApp platform. This is an important contribution to existing research in the post pandemic era. Entertaining content is considered most interesting by people followed by informative content. Gen Z in the endemic era is more significantly influenced by good quality products, services and budget friendly products. The study is the one of the first to do empirical research in emerging markets.
  Keywords: Gen Z; internet marketing; social media; marketers; social media marketing; consumer behaviour.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10056420
   
  
• An empirical study on positioning strategy in the life insurance industry: a case study of LIC of India  
  by Furquan Uddin, Mohammad Razi-ur-Rahim, Mushtaq Ahmad Shah 
  Abstract: The volatile characteristics of the market, like shifting consumer preferences and tastes, the availability of substitute products, price wars, the increasing role of electronic media, extensive distribution, etc. forced the marketers to adopt an apt strategy that could assist in minimising the storm effect of unfavourable market conditions. Among the several alternatives, positioning strategy is one of the options. It is a strategic tool that helps in attaining the desired goals and a competitive edge. The life insurance industry is not the exception to such above-mentioned changes. Positioning, a strategic tool, is being adopted in the life insurance industry. This paper is a humble attempt to visualise the positioning strategy in the life insurance industry in general and the LIC of India in particular.
  Keywords: marketing environment; positioning strategy; life insurance; LIC of India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10056438
   
  
• Assessing the Satisfaction of farmers towards Crop Insurance Scheme Using the American Customer Satisfaction Index  
  by Tejinder Sharma, VIKAS KUMAR, Meena Rani 
  Abstract: Crop insurance (CI) is the most important mechanism for protecting farmers from agricultural losses. This study evaluated a measurement model for assessing farmer satisfaction through CI. The index is based on the ACSI, which has been modified to meet the needs of the present study. A multistage, stratified random sample of farmers from Haryana state is used to test its validity. The measurement model designated that the theoretical creates is reliable and valid, even as the partial least squares structural equation model demonstrates a fine model fit. Farmers' satisfaction levels were found to be most influenced by the perceived quality, perceived value, and willingness to pay for CI. The present research also confirms that purchaser satisfaction is the main essential factor in determining farmer loyalty. The findings of this study advocate that government and implementing agencies can discover the reason for acceptance along with the rejection of CI.
  Keywords: crop insurance; American customer satisfaction index; ACSI; willingness to pay; perceived quality; PQ; perceived value; PV; customer satisfaction; CS.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10056632
   
  
• A Measurement Model to Examine Problems in Non-Farming Economic Activities  
  by Gajender Kumar, Sanjeev Kumar, Pinki Indora 
  Abstract: This survey aims to measure the problems of non-farming activity and constitute factors to measure these problems. Discussions regarding finance, infrastructure, marketing, and information are important for non-farming activity. Data was collected from 310 respondents. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to evaluate the proposed instruments' validity and reliability. The four components of the proposed instrument and the findings are supported. The scale presented from this investigation that each of its constructs has a high level of reliability, validity, and unidimensionality. The created tool could aid in providing decision-makers with a fundamental perspective to gauge the issue of non-farming activity. The study's societal and scientific significance is discussed at the conclusion based on its real-world and theoretical implementations.
  Keywords: non-farm economic activity; problem instrument development; AMOS; exploratory factor analysis; EFA; confirmatory factor analysis; CFA.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10058225
   
  
• Corporate Moral Responsibility for Corporate Governance: Indian Perspective  
  by I. Sridhar, SAHIL SINGH JASROTIA, Manoj K. Kamila 
  Abstract: The evolution of corporate business from a shareholder centric focus to a stakeholder centric focus has its base in ethics and moral responsibility. In the 21st century business environment, corporates while expanding their businesses has led to an adoption of numerous practices which are detrimental to the long-term interest of various stakeholders. The purpose of this study is to enable corporates to develop a moral compass/moral responsibility and incorporate it as a business strategy. Our study provides empirical evidence on Nifty-50 index companies using multiple regression analysis on various mandatory and non-mandatory compliances relating to corporate governance practices. An implication of this paper is that it makes a proposition for a paradigm shift from corporate social responsibility to corporate moral responsibility in preparing businesses to meet the challenges and opportunities in the business environment. The findings suggest that the voluntary best practices promoting external stakeholders' interest and meeting environmental, social and governance (ESG) norms has a positive and significant impact on corporate moral responsibility; therefore, corporates need to prepare their businesses and conduct its affairs basing on morality which will be the new business proposition.
  Keywords: environmental; social and governance; ESG; corporate moral responsibility; CMR; corporate governance; corporate social responsibility.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10056641
   
  
• Perception of smallholders towards milk cooperative societies  
  by GAJENDER Kumar, Sukhvinder Angoori, SANJEEV KUMAR 
  Abstract: Milk cooperative societies can provide a valuable platform for milk marketing. These cooperatives are operational in almost all villages of the Haryana state of India. The main objective of this paper is to assess the farmer's perception towards milk cooperative societies. The relationship between demographic variables of milk production and farmers' perception towards cooperative societies has been examined. Such relationships were discovered with independent sample t-tests and one-way ANOVA tests, which compared the means of different groups under analysis. The study finds that the cooperative societies are not providing the primary and secondary facilities properly for which these were meant. However, the farmers prefer to sell their milk in cooperative societies; the reason might be that the cooperative societies are readily available to market before them. Managed cooperatives have become a successful milk marketing channel and farmers could get additional income.
  Keywords: milk cooperative society; rural area; small farmers; perception.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10056645
   
  
• Financial Inclusion for Inclusive Growth: Adoption of Unified Payment Interface in Hilly Rural Areas of Uttarakhand  
  by Mohd Adnan, Rashi Alagh, Jaidev Singh Negi, Anand Ballabh Thapliyal 
  Abstract: Financial inclusion is a crucial enabler for inclusive economic growth and poverty alleviation. Accessibility and utilization of formal financial services are integral to financial inclusion. That's why providing affordable access and ease of using financial services is at the forefront of policy initiatives of the Indian government. This study focuses on factors affecting the adoption of the Unified Payment Interface (UPI) in hilly rural areas of Uttarakhand. This research paper analyzed the factors contributing to the adoption of UPI in Uttarakhand's mountainous terrain, and the Technology Acceptance Model is utilized as the conceptual model. A structured questionnaire is distributed among the respondents residing in the districts of Dehradun, Tehri, and Rishikesh through offline and online modes. The study results show a significant impact of both the perceived usefulness of UPI and the perceived ease of using UPI on the behavioral intention to adopt UPI-based applications.
  Keywords: Digital Banking; Financial Inclusion; Hilly Region; Rural area; Technology Acceptance Model (TAM); UPI Adoption.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10056754
   
  
• Do Travellers' Destination Visit Intentions Influence by Social Media? An Information Adoption Theory Perspective  
  by Anil Kumar, Suman Lata 
  Abstract: The current study examines how users adopt information through social media and how social media influences their intentions about visiting a destination. A theoretical framework was proposed, and a model was tested using a sample of 220 respondents who used social media information before visiting a destination. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyse the data by performing partial least squares (PLS). The respondents of this study were from two destinations in Madhya Pradesh, i.e., Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka and the Buddhist Monument of Sanchi. The paper found argument quality, attitude, and tie strength as significant predictors of travellers' information usefulness in visiting a destination by adopting social media platforms. Further, source credibility was not found significant. Lastly, the information's usefulness was positively significant for destination visit intentions. This study is a few to analyse social media adoption before visiting specific destinations using the information adoption model by adding additional constructs.
  Keywords: social media; destination visit intention; information adoption model; travel behaviour; attitude.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10056839
   
  
• The Relationship Between Capital Structure and Corporate Performance of Selected Listed Manufacturing Companies  
  by Vidhyadevi B, P.Uma Swarupa 
  Abstract: Corporate performance and capital structure of well-known and listed business companies are examined throughout the study. The study also examined the primary financial performance management and capital structure issues facing business firms. Literature reviews include recent notable reviews of linked literature. The study examined older authors' and publishers' critical arguments using relevant and current works. Effectively and truthfully illustrating literature gaps. The literature analysis also included ideas related to the research issue, which evaluates corporate performance and capital structure. Data methodologies, historical data analysis methods, and this research have also been methodological and the survey questionnaire. The data analysis consists of two main points: findings from the observed results and the discussion on the overall findings. SPSS software was used to analyse data. Descriptive statistics, frequency table, linear regression, correlation, coefficient, model summary, and ANOVA models are among these many statistical interpretations. Capital structure strengthens business performance. Ratio analysis or financial appraisal would boost business performance. The section also makes a good suggestion for future research to avoid any defects or weaknesses and get the most accurate results from comparable conduction without dangers.
  Keywords: capital structure; corporate performance; manufacturing companies; ratio analysis; measuring financial statement.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10056848
   
  
• Study of Factors influencing home insurance buying behaviour in India  
  by Meena Bhatia 
  Abstract: The study bridges the gap in the extant literature about the buying disinclination of home insurance (HI) in an emerging economy. It investigates how socio-economic variables impact homeowners' awareness and purchase decisions; it also ascertains the most popular channels of buying HI and identifies the factors that are responsible for the lack of HI culture in India. The data was collected through a questionnaire filled out by 429 homeowners in National Capital Region Data were analysed using frequency distribution, Pearson Chi-square test, Phi and Cramer's V test, and factor analysis. The majority of homeowners are aware of HI, but still, only 30% have insured their properties. The reasons for not buying insurance were segregated into seller-side and demand-side factors. The findings are critical for the insurance industry to help them identify issues, strategise ways to overcome impediments and develop products to meet customers' needs and thereby grow as an industry.
  Keywords: home insurance; real estate; socio economic variables; perception; consumer behaviour; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10057025
   
  
• Decision-Making Models in Business Leadership: Thirukkural Perspective  
  by Jayendira P. Sankar  
  Abstract: This study explores the perspective of Thirukkural, a well-known work of human thinking, on decision-making models in business leadership. The aim is to understand how Thirukkural promotes a cognisant and effective decision-making strategy for organisations by assessing various characteristics of decision-making models such as creativity, intuition, and rationality. The study employs hermeneutics, research, and theory to interpret the text and presents its findings. The study emphasises the significance of Thirukkural’s perspective on decision-making models and suggests that future research should investigate other related areas, such as stress management, time management, and human resource management.
  Keywords: rational decision-making model; intuitive decision-making model; creative decision-making model; Thirukkural; Thiruvalluvar.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10057117
   
  
• Do Firm-specific Attributes and Auditor Characteristics Corroborate HR Disclosure Level : An Empirical Investigation of IT Sector Companies in India  
  by Dr. Kirti Aggarwal  
  Abstract: The purpose of the present study is to examine the effect of firm-specific attributes and auditor characteristics on HR disclosure level of IT sector companies in India. The sample consists of 38 IT sector companies listed on National Stock Exchange (NSE-500 Index). The data were collected from annual reports and CMIE ProwessIQ Database for the latest time period of starting from F.Y. 2012 2013 to 20192020. For analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearsons correlation matrix. Two-way least square dummy variable (LSDV) regression model is used. The outcomes of descriptive statistics show that the mean percentage of sample companies is 40.92. It is lies on low to moderate side. Further, the outcomes of two-way LSDV regression model shows that there is significant positive effect of current ratio, listing status, type of auditor, pages of an annual report and significant negative of debt-equity ratio, quick ratio, age on level of human resource disclosure. Overall, it can be said that the present study motivates to The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) and other regulatory bodies to make HR reporting practices mandatory for Indian corporate sector.
  Keywords: firm-specific attributes; auditor characteristics; HR disclosure level; annual report; IT sector; India; least square dummy variable; LSDV.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10057119
   
  
• The Efficiency of Leverage, Liquidity, And Profitability on Corporate Performance of Selected Manufacturing Companies  
  by Sadhishkumar V, P.Uma Swarupa 
  Abstract: The paper attempts to evaluate the impact of leverage, liquidity, and profitability on the corporate performance of the selected manufacturing companies listed on the Indian stock exchange for the past five years from 2017 to 2021. In this case, ROA, ROE is selected as the dependent variable for the performance. The data is it here is taken with a sample size of 500. Along with that, 20 manufacturing companies were chosen. In independent variables, the debt-to-equity ratio, EPS, has been chosen. Apart from that, the forms' liquidity, age, and tangibility are taken as control variables. The empirical outcomes of the investigation manifest that liquidity computed by the current assets has a positive impact on the return on equity applied as performance. The study highlights that the impact of financial leverage has a huge effect on corporate performance. The study further suggests the administration reduce the application of debt financing and apply their retained earnings mostly for financing the day-to-day operations and to ignore any kind of bankruptcy in the future.
  Keywords: efficiency of leverage; liquidity; profitability; corporate performance; manufacturing companies; empirical outcomes; tangibility of the forms.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10057122
   
  
• Practical Approach to Spiritual Intelligence: Towards the Path of Creativity  
  by Vaneeta Aggarwal 
  Abstract: 'Every idea has to become broad till it covers the whole of this world' (Swami Vivekananda, 2014). This paper connects the wisdom of Swami Vivekananda on spiritual intelligence with the wisdom of great creative thinkers. This paper's objective is to empirically study the affect of spiritual intelligence on creativity and apply the spiritual principles to envisage a creative world. This paper delineates the paradigm shift that takes place in human minds when pursuing spiritual intelligence. The force field analysis of spiritual intelligence by bringing out the driving and restraining forces is formed based on teachings of Swami Vivekananda to bring the concept of spiritual intelligence practical and near to reality rather than rhetoric. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection and the data analysis was done using SPSS software. Correlation test was conducted and a significant and positive correlation was found to exist between creativity and spiritual intelligence. To test the impact of the dimensions of spiritual intelligence on creativity and its dimensions, regression analysis was carried out.
  Keywords: spirituality; Swami Vivekananda; creativity; spiritual intelligence; workplace spirituality.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10057124
   
  
• Past, Present, and Future of Self-Help Groups on Empowerment of Women Research: Bibliometric Analysis  
  by Akash Srivastava, Hari Prapan Sharma 
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is to conduct bibliometric analysis to synthesize the publication trends of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) on the empowerment of women. Hence, this study examines the past, present, and future research of SHGs on the empowerment of women. The document is extracted from the Scopus database and the PRISMA approach is applied to select 202 documents for bibliometric analysis. Citations analysis is used to discover the most impactful publications and contributors. Productivity analysis is used to know the most productive authors and sources. Bibliometric analysis is used to uncover the four thematic clusters of research in SHGs on the empowerment of women. Co-citation analysis is used to draw citation patterns and highly referenced documents. Further, co-occurrence analysis is used to develop the thematic trend of research in SHGs on the empowerment of women. The future research directions are presented in the papers.
  Keywords: Women Empowerment; Self-Help Groups; Citation Analysis; Productivity Analysis; Bibliographic Coupling.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10057144
   
  
• Awareness level of Government Initiative amongst rural area: A comparative study of Indian States  
  by Harvinder Singh, Kawal Nain Singh, Sachit Vardhan, Ankesh Mittal 
  Abstract: Financial inclusion is one of the most significant objectives for inclusive growth. It refers to ensuring that the broadest possible swaths of society have access to the full range of financial products, including banking, insurance, credit and payment options. The government initiative (GI), which was introduced on August 15, 2014, is the largest mission. There are 200 participants in the study, which is focused on two rural states of India viz. Punjab and Haryana. This article compares and evaluates the degree of rural areas in Punjab and Haryana rural areas' awareness of GI. The study also looks at the level of benefit-wise awareness that bank accounts opened under GI provide. To check the equality of the two sample variances, F-test has been used in this study. We can learn about the advantages of creating a bank account through this study. It will encourage more users of the bank account.
  Keywords: government initiative; GI; financial awareness; financial inclusion; rural area.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10057203
   
  
• Factors affecting the success of microenterprises: an approach through entrepreneurial resources  
  by Obed Kent, Khundrakpam Devananda Singh 
  Abstract: Entrepreneurial resources are one of the success factors of entrepreneurship. The aim of this paper is to draw the entrepreneurial resources factors that influence the success of microenterprises. A schedule containing nine factors comprising of 29 items was prepared after a successful pilot study. Data was collected from 100 numbers of microenterprises in the study area. Besides Cronbach's alpha, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartlett's test of sphericity, exploratory factor analysis was also applied in the process of analysis. The study found that gender-wise parents' support, risk taking attitude, age of entrepreneurs, startup motive, business experience, innovation, training and education are the entrepreneurial resources factors that influence the success of microenterprises.
  Keywords: entrepreneur; entrepreneurial resources; entrepreneurs' family background; exploratory factor analysis; financial independence; parents' support; innovation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10057263
   
  
• Impact of demographics and socioeconomic factors on financial literacy: A study of India  
  by Kirtika Malhotra, Priyanka Vijay 
  Abstract: Financial literacy plays a vital role in developing financially smart individuals. Both at the individual level as well as for the society at large, financial literacy is very crucial to wiser financial planning and wellbeing. Indian citizens are yet to give priority to financial literacy. Being in a condition where 76% of grown-up populace in India does not even understand the essential monetary ideas, the need of great importance is to relook at the approach of Indian household towards making reserves and investments. The goal of this paper is to investigate the current level of financial literacy among the Indian population and identify the major determinants of financial literacy. This paper aims to highlight whether there exists interdependency between demographic, socio-economic determinants and the financial literacy levels of Individuals in India. The paper will also contribute to the existing literature on financial literacy among Indian citizens by using a rigorous methodology.
  Keywords: financial literacy; financial knowledge; financial behaviour; financial attitude; financial education; demographic characters; socio-economic characteristics.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10057328
   
  
• Consequences and pitfalls of COVID-19 on supply chain management of readymade garments industry  
  by Rubel, Gagandeep Kaur, Prashant Siddhey 
  Abstract: The consequences of COVID-19 have restricted the movement of people and products throughout the world. The estimated outcome of this pandemic situation is the greatest global challenge in human history. In Bangladesh, ready-made garments (RMGs) are one of the key sources for total economic development. That’s why textile and apparel supply chain management is the key sector in Bangladesh. This paper explains the effect of current pandemic of the world-wide apparel supply chain and garments field especially in Bangladesh. It is also to be explained here that supply chain disruptions are bringing about new changes in working conditions and employment status. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the world-wide apparel supply chain and garments, with a particular focus on Bangladesh, is explained in this paper. Throughout this paper, we will also discuss the new working conditions and employment changes in garment factories.
  Keywords: supply chain management; COVID-19 impact; challenges; disruption management; responsive supply chain.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10057412
   
  
• Analysing statistically the predicting factors that influence the attrition and fluctuation of hotel employees  
  by R. George Leslie Davidson, A. Geetha, G. Brindha 
  Abstract: Staff remuneration has long been a significant problem in the contemporary hotel industry. There are several reasons why people’s salaries fluctuate. Executives in the tourism sector may use the study’s findings to develop strategic initiatives to lower employee turnover and boost revenue. One of the key motivators is realising the significance of employee turnover and raising awareness of the problem. This analysis of earlier research makes an effort to synthesise the results of past studies to provide a comprehensive framework of employee compensation in the hospitality industry. According to the research, seven repeating elements were connected to employee perks and opportunities, admin integrity, perceived corporate support, job satisfaction, training, regarded superior support, perceived cultural commitment, and turnover. These standards must guarantee that businesses may keep their staff, particularly those who can significantly improve the state of the sector. Collaboration among employees is considered advantageous for both parties in an organisation. The industry looks after them, and we repay the favour by devoting ourselves to it.
  Keywords: employee income; organisational climate; job satisfaction; predicting factors; hotel employees; tourism sector; human resources.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10057438
   
  
• Analysis of the recognition of Electric Vehicles in India  
  by S. J. Rexline  
  Abstract: Electric vehicles are those which are powered with the help of batteries. The main reason for the emergence of electric vehicles is due to the sense of conservation of the environment. These cars reduce the emission of greenhouse gases by moving to more renewable sources of energy. Though electric vehicles have penetrated in many countries it is yet not that widespread in India. The mindset of people needs to be analysed in order to predict whether the electric vehicle industry will have a boom in India. The survey mainly concentrates to figure out whether India is ready for electric vehicles and also to analyse the various features such as demographic features, performance features and environmental concerns that act as the deciding factor for the purchase of electric vehicles in India. Through this study, it can be concluded which is the most important feature that affects the purchasing decision.
  Keywords: electric vehicles; batteries; purchasing decision; environmental concerns; automobiles technology; conventional cars; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10057430
   
  
• The Association between Corporate Attributes and HR Disclosure Level: Evidence from India  
  by Dr. Kirti Aggarwal  
  Abstract: The objective of the present study is to investigate the association between corporate attributes and HR disclosure level of Indian listed companies. The present study is conducted on 34 companies listed on Nifty Fifty Index. The data of variables are gathered from annual reports and CMIE ProwessIQ Database of the sample companies. The latest time period is used for conducted the study and it is ranging from F.Y. 20122013 to 20192020 (eight years). For analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearsons correlation matrix, two-way least square dummy variable (LSDV) regression model are used. The outcomes of descriptive statistics show that the mean percentage of HRDI is 51.08. It indicates that it is lies on moderate side. The overall trend of HRDI is also on continuous increasing side. Further, the results of two-way LSDV regression model shows that there is significant positive effect of age, net fixed assets, net sales, promoters holding, quick ratio, pages of an annual report and significant negative of debt-equity ratio, current ratio on HRDI. Overall, it can be said that the study is beneficial for the stakeholders to take their investment decisions more wisely based on HR disclosure which is made by the Indian listed companies.
  Keywords: corporate attributes; human resource disclosure; content analysis; annual report; human resource disclosure index; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10057796
   
  
• Manifesting globalness through country of origin advertising and its effect on consumer’s apparel purchase intention  
  by Aastha Garg, Sibichan K. Mathew 
  Abstract: Associating a brand with foreign origin remains a prevalent way to create desirable product associations. Though associating the country of brand (COB) is not mandatory by law in most countries, many brands use COB on their labels, with some brands going as far as to make deceptive claims. This paper attempts to study the consequences of implying COB from a country with favourable image by fashion brands in their promotional or advertising campaigns, which may be counter-factual. This paper studies the effect of misleading claims of COB on consumers’ perceived quality judgement, social value, purchase intention and willingness to pay. Authors use cognitive dissonance theory and equity theory as a theoretical basis to test the hypothesis and find a diminution in consumers’ perception of quality and perceived social value. This research intends to help apparel retailers manage and build marketing strategies for the Indian market.
  Keywords: country of origin; COO; advertising; purchase intention; apparel; Indian consumer.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10057845
   
  
• Economic Impact of Factors Affecting Automotive Industry Marketing Strategies in GCC Countries with Reference to Oman  
  by Prashant Rastogi, Sanjay Sharma 
  Abstract: This research investigates the economic impact of marketing strategies in the automotive industry, specifically focusing on the GCC countries with an emphasis on Oman. The study aims to identify key parameters that significantly influence marketing strategy performance in this sector. The research employs interview sessions, questionnaire surveys, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), correlation analysis, and regression analysis to evaluate the relationships between independent and dependent variables. Internal factors such as economic environment, competitors, automotive industry infrastructure, legal environment, and customers are examined. In addition, the regression analysis was carried out to check the developed research hypotheses. The findings reveal that the external factor, legal environment, has a greater impact on marketing strategies than internal factors like human resources, existing marketing strategies, business networks, technological capacity, facility, and financial potential. The study highlights the economic significance of the legal environment in shaping marketing strategies within the automotive industry.
  Keywords: marketing strategies; automotive industry; legal environment; LE; economic impact; GCC countries.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10057874
   
  
• The Indian Muga silk industry: An integrative review of its business ecosystem and a management perspective  
  by Arshad Hussain, Tridib Ranjan Sarma, Pratim Barua 
  Abstract: A literature review was conducted on the Muga silk industry of Assam, based on Richard J. Torraco's integrative literature review model. Available literature was systematically collected, ranging a period of 360 years from 1660 to 2020 CE. Results include 142 literary works, which were divided by the nature of works being research articles, books, theses, government gazettes, and field investigation reports. The finalised works were reviewed to identify major concepts/themes that recur in the literature pool. A concept/theme map was drawn that directed a structured critique of each identified concept to converge on an overall management perspective of the entire industry. Research gaps were identified and presented while managerial implications were drawn. The final output should serve as a reliable index of literary works of managerial significance on the business ecosystem of the Muga silk industry of Assam in India.
  Keywords: integrative literature review; Muga silk industry; Assam; Muga; management perspective; business ecosystem.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10058055
   
  
• An Intelligent Multi-Level Optimisation Model for Retail Loan Portfolio  
  by Srilatha Kappagantula, Vikas Srivastava 
  Abstract: The paper discusses multi-level portfolio selection problem, which combines hierarchical optimisation of credit portfolio, incorporating regulatory and capital constraints, in the context of emerging retail banking loans. The proposed model allows for twin objectives of risk minimisation, simultaneously providing scope for maximising returns. The present paper analyses the portfolio optimisation problem, as a holistic 2-level optimisation problem: 1) at loan level, to reduce the default risk; 2) at bank level, to decide the right capital allocation between loan classes. The current study develops a model for multi-level optimisation of loans, and solves the model using multi objective algorithm for allocation of loan data across four retail asset classes, namely small business loans, credit card loans, home loans and auto loans, using a dataset of 229,000 loan records. The multi-level optimised portfolio is compared against the original portfolio for potential gains.
  Keywords: banking; portfolio optimisation; portfolio allocation; portfolio selection; retail banking; machine learning; artificial intelligence; AI.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10058239
   
  
• Three decennaries of artificial neural networks in finance: a bibliometric review and future research agenda  
  by Amit Kumar, Manpreet Kaur 
  Abstract: Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have revolutionised financial operations due to their abilities to learn from nonlinear and unstructured financial data. The current study aims to systematically map the conceptual and intellectual structure of research on ANNs in the finance domain based on bibliometric analysis and network visualisation of 3,106 articles published during the period 1992 to 2022. The study identifies the research trends, major contributors, and scientific collaborations in the field. Bibliographic coupling analysis and co-citation analysis of the documents revealed five clusters and three clusters of documents, respectively. Additionally, the current study intensively reviewed the important studies lying in each cluster to provide a comprehensive assessment of the relevant literature, thereby uncovered the knowledge gaps and challenges, and provided recommendations for future studies. Therefore, the study can be taken as a baseline by future researchers and financial practitioners to advance in the concerned field with the appropriate approach.
  Keywords: neural networks; bibliometric; finance; forecasting; network analysis; research trends.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10058292
   
  
• A Study of Perceived Store Image and Behavioural Intentions of Indian Grocery Consumers: The Mediating Effect of Satisfaction  
  by Dr. Parmod, Usha Arora, Farhat Akhtar, Parveen Kumar 
  Abstract: This paper aims to analyse the relationships among perceived store image (SI), satisfaction (SAT), and behavioural intentions (BI) of grocery consumers in the Indian context. Further, it examines the mediating role of satisfaction among store image and behavioural intentions. Psychometric properties of measurement scales of these constructs were tested with factor analysis. Subsequently, relationships between these were analysed through structural equation modelling. Results suggest a significant positive effect of store image on grocery consumers' satisfaction and behavioural intentions. Further, results showed a robust positive relationship between satisfaction and behavioural intentions. Satisfaction demonstrated a significant partial mediating effect between store image and behavioural intentions. This study manifests store image as a strong predictor of consumers' behavioural outcomes and thus advocates for more focus. It further shows that satisfied grocery consumers have beneficial behavioural intentions, so grocery managers should focus on satisfying them through personalised services, quality grocery, home delivery options, and managing productive relationships.
  Keywords: grocery consumers; store image; satisfaction; behavioural intentions; mediation analysis; organised grocery store; Indian grocery market; confirmatory factor analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10058429
   
  
• E-payment: A Bibliometric Analysis and Systematic Literature Review  
  by Arti Gaur, Sanju Verma 
  Abstract: In today’s world, everything is digital, from payments to purchasing to manufacturing. E-payment research has gained traction in recent years. Biblioshiny and VOSviewer tools were used to visualise the data and demonstrate the link using a sample of 1,274 articles obtained from the Scopus database. The goal of the current study is to pinpoint significant players, important geographies, and existing trends while also outlining potential future research avenues in the domain of e-payments. The study uses bibliometric, network, and content analysis in addition to a systematic examination of the literature. To determine the most influential papers and authors, citations and PageRank are used. To determine how the research area is structured intellectually, a co-citation network is developed. Using bibliometric tools, three clusters of research papers have been discovered, and the papers in the clusters have been analysed via content analysis. This study helps to present the development of the scientific literature on e-payment. In addition to identifying research gaps, the study proposes two actionable future research directions.
  Keywords: e-payment; co-citation; systematic literature review; bibliometric analysis; network analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10058481
   
  
• Does Global Spillover Matter in the Indian Money Market? A Vector Error Correction Model  
  by Avijit Bakshi, Dr. Pujari Sudarshan Reddy 
  Abstract: This study investigates the impact of transmission channels, including global liquidity, confidence, and exchange, on the Indian money market. The research aims to identify the predominant transmission channel and its influence on the repo and call money rates. A vector error correction model (VECM) analysed weekly data collected from the Reserve Bank of India, Bank of St. Louis, and Federal Reserve Bank from April 29, 2001 to March 21, 2021. The study finds a stable, genuine long-term relationship between call money rates and global liquidity, confidence channels and exchange channels. A long-run causality is also observed between call money rates and broad market indicators. Repo rates similarly exhibit a long-term, stable relationship with these factors, with short-term impacts observed from global liquidity and the exchange channel, but not from the VIX. The exchange channel and VIX are proven to be more predominant in influencing policy and call money rates.
  Keywords: global spillover; vector error correction model; VECM; weighted average call money rate; WACR; repo rate; confidence channel.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10058597
   
  
• Role of Managerial Innovation Behavior for Moderating the Effect of The Dynamic Innovation Capability on Banking Performance  
  by Manisha Raj, Abhay Singh Chauhan, Viral Bhatt 
  Abstract: The study tried to address the role of dynamic innovation capabilities along with innovative work behaviour of managerial employees for explaining banking performance. Furthermore, a moderating role of innovative work behaviour is examined too in this study. For testing the required set of hypotheses, the research collected a primary dataset of 413 participants working in managerial positions in different banks across. The study employed a structural equation modelling approach for achieving the research objectives, which revealed internal and external reliability and validity along with a statically fit model. It was found that innovation capabilities, especially organisational innovation and process innovation, along with managerial innovation behaviour, strongly affect the bank’s performance. Furthermore, innovative work performance strongly moderates the impact of dynamic innovation capabilities on banking performance. The study provided managerial and practical implications for the policymakers, leaders, higher management, and decision makers in the banking sector of Pakistan. Furthermore, the study also highlighted limitations and suggestions for future research.
  Keywords: innovation capabilities; innovative work behaviour; banking performance; process innovation; marketing innovation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10058692
   
  
• Human Resource Disclosure Practices among Indian Corporates:A comparative Analysis of Public and Private Sector Listed Companies  
  by Dr. Kirti Aggarwal, Anju Verma 
  Abstract: The purpose of the study is to make comparison of human resource disclosure practices among public and private sector listed companies in India. The outcomes portray that there is a significance difference in Human Resource Disclosure Index (HRDI) between both the sectors. The HRDI of public sector is more in comparison to private sector. Further, the results of one-way LSDV regression model show that, in case of public sector companies, age, net sales, market capitalisation, return on total assets, quick ratio, pages of an annual report have significant positive and current ratio, type of auditor have significant negative effect on HRDI. In case of private sector companies, net sales, market capitalisation, earnings per share, return on total assets, return on equity, quick ratio, type of auditor, pages of an annual report have significant positive and age, promoter's holding, profit after tax, current ratio have significant negative effect on HRDI.
  Keywords: public sector; private sector; annual report; human resource disclosure; content analysis; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10058790
   
  
• The Association between Corporate Characteristicsand Human Resource Disclosures: The Case of Indian Corporate Sector  
  by Dr. Kirti Aggarwal  
  Abstract: The purpose of the present study is to investigate the association between corporate characteristics and voluntary human resource (HR) disclosure practices of the Indian corporate sector. The study has been conducted on 267 companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE-500 Index) from the time period of starting from F.Y. 20122013 to 20192020. The outcomes of Two-way LSDV regression model show that some characteristics have had significant effects on HR disclosure practices of the Indian listed companies, such as company age, leverage, ownership concentration, liquidity, total number of pages of an annual report and company size, profitability are partly affect the HR disclosure practices of the sample companies. Overall, it can be said that The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) and other regulatory bodies will take steps based on the HRDI developed in this study to make HR disclosure practices mandatory in India.
  Keywords: corporate characteristics; human resource disclosure index; HRDI; annual reports; content analysis; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10058817
   
  
• Segmenting and Profiling of Mobile App Users on their Lifestyle  
  by Neerja Arora, Deepak Chawla 
  Abstract: Extant literature is abundant with studies of technological adoption in varied contexts. However, there is a dearth of segmentation studies which have delved into mobile app usage. With psychographics gaining traction, it was decided to investigate the market segments of mobile app usage in the National Capital Region (NCR) of India using lifestyle variables as a basis. Literature review and the output of a qualitative research study was used to design the research instrument which was pilot tested. The questionnaire was distributed online through convenience sampling which resulted in 407 valid responses. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted and three factors were extracted. Subsequently, cluster analysis was conducted and three clusters multiple benefit users, app-dependent users and socially driven users were obtained. Differences among the three clusters in terms of attitude towards mobile apps and actual usage was also examined using ANOVA. Managerial implications for each of the segments were discussed.
  Keywords: segmentation; factor analysis; cluster analysis; psychographics; AIO statements; ANOVA.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10058819
   
  
• Company Characteristics and Human ResourceDisclosure Practices in Indian Corporates  
  by Dr. Kirti Aggarwal, Anju Verma 
  Abstract: The objective of the present research paper is to examine the effect of company characteristics on human resource (HR) disclosure practices in selected Indian listed companies. The study has been conducted on 345 companies listed on NSE-500 Index. The findings of the study show that net fixed assets, net sales, market capitalisation, earnings per share, return on total assets, return on equity, quick ratio and pages of an annual report have positive effect on HRDI and this effect is significant. Profit after tax has negative effect on HRDI and this effect is also significant. The HRDI constructed in the present study used by Indian corporate sector as a yardstick to improve their HRDI in future. The Accounting Institute of India and other regulatory bodies should develop guidelines for better reporting of HR. They should come up with HR disclosure sheet for better disclosing the HR information.
  Keywords: human resource disclosure practices; company characteristics; Human Resource Disclosure Index; HRDI; annual reports; content analysis; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10059082
   
  
• Navigating the Road to Success: Unraveling the Key Factors Influencing PPP Selection in Indian Road Projects  
  by Sarthak Bhatt, Mohhammedshakil Malek, Jayesh Juremalani 
  Abstract: The government uses important success factors (ISF) to choose PPP projects. This study examines India's public-private partnership (PPP) road projects' institutional and systemic factors (ISFs). A thorough literature study found 41 ISFs in the early phase. A group of public-private-academic specialists reviewed and confirmed these ISFs. In this paper, a study on important success factors (ISFs) of Indian road PPP projects is carried out. The study regulated a crucial participant opinion survey. The importance index method revealed twenty-six critical success criteria. Six stages were analysed pre-qualification, bidding, concession, building, performance, and handover. Statistics were used to analyse percipience. This research investigates the adoption of public-private partnerships (PPP) in the Indian road sector. This report will inform PPP road project decisions. The research improves comprehension of public-private partnership (PPP) road projects.
  Keywords: important success factors; ISFs; importance index; public-private partnership; PPP; roads.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10059086
   
  
• Entrepreneurial intention of post-graduate Business Administration students of a public university of West Bengal: An empirical study  
  by SOURAV PAUL, Abhik Mukherjee, Kallal Banerjee 
  Abstract: This study aims to identify the relevant factors influencing the entrepreneurial intention of post-graduate students of the business administration programme and then focuses to measure the difference in responses among the students on the relevant factors as per personal and family background. As a sample, 70 post-graduate students with different specialisations in the business administration programmes of a public university in West Bengal have been considered in this study. RWS has been undertaken to identify the relevant factors influencing the entrepreneurial intention of students and the difference in responses among the students on the relevant factors as per personal and family background has been measured using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H tests. Male students have more intention towards entrepreneurship than females. Moreover, students whose fathers are self-employed and have high family income tend to have a higher inclination towards entrepreneurship. Additionally, TM specialisation students have a strong intention to become entrepreneurs in future endeavours.
  Keywords: entrepreneurship; entrepreneurial intention; students; business administration programme.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10059092
   
  
• Analysing the perceptions of generations X, Y and Z about online platforms and digital marketing activities - a review  
  by Anoop Gurunathan, K.S. Lakshmi 
  Abstract: Marketers are challenged to uncover new insights to hold the attention of all generations with digital marketing and advertising. This review explores the perceptions, behaviours, traits and expectations of generations X, Y, Z regarding digital marketing that is engaging, informative and influential to their consumer behaviour. We observed similarities that all generations are using WhatsApp for informal and e-mail for official communication. YouTube is the common online streaming platform used by all generations. GenX prefers in-store shopping over online shopping, but all generation agree to the convenience and easiness of online shopping. GenX uses social media like Facebook, Twitter, whereas GenY mostly uses Facebook, Instagram. GenZ uses Instagram, SnapChat and is slowly shifting away from Facebook. GenX are generally ignored by businesses while developing digital marketing strategies. This review will be a step towards imparting ideas to marketers to develop effective marketing strategy for all generations.
  Keywords: digital marketing/advertising; online platforms; perceptions of generations X; Y; Z.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10059111
   
  
• Holistic Development of Learners: A Case Study of Selected Indian Gurukuls for Modern Age Education  
  by Amit Kishore Sinha, Sanjay Saxena, Sandeep Singh 
  Abstract: Globally educational institutions are trying to improve their teaching pedagogies and resources to ensure the overall development of students. Schools are putting sincere efforts towards the betterment of the learning environment. But still, some of the areas of a student's personality are not significantly developed in modern schools. If we look at the ancient Indian period, Gurukuls were at the centre of learning. Even today too few gurukuls are operating in the world. Through this paper, the authors are trying to study the activities conducted for learners at the gurukuls. To identify significant features of gurukul education system, case study method is being used. The authors visited two prominent gurukuls of India, interviewed the administrators, teachers, and students, and summarised the findings. After a detailed analysis of the collected information, it is found that many gurukul-related activities can be used by modern-age educational institutions for the holistic development of students.
  Keywords: holistic education; gurukul education; school education; ancient Indian education system; Indian knowledge system.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10059147
   
  
• An Analytical Study of Burgeoning Post Covid Business Strategies for Reviving MSMES in India- with Reference to Delhi NCR  
  by Nisha Pavithran, Surendra Kumar Bhogal 
  Abstract: The nationwide lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted many economic sectors. The MSME sector was nearly destroyed by the nationwide lockdown brought on by the deadly pandemic due to the moratorium of businesses, upheaval in the supply chain, business loss, widespread worker reverse relocation, and, most importantly, a cash flow crisis. As a result, the government stepped up to support the revival of the MSME sector through various interventions. However, the government's relief plan for the MSME sector was criticised for being insensitive to the unique requirements of micro and small businesses. This article analyses the implication of COVID on MSMEs in the Delhi NCR region. The present study will emphasise the degree of risks and vulnerability to which MSMEs are exposed to COVID-19. Moreover, this study has a significant need in future since it will also highlight post-COVID-19 strategies to revive the position of MSME in India.
  Keywords: COVID-19; economy; business strategies; micro; small medium enterprises; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10059226
   
  
• Analysing the effects of several service quality metrics on the leading online shopping sites  
  by Sunil Patel, Sudip N. Dutta, Krupa Mistry, Sharad Shekar Shetty, Purnima Gupta, Pratima Shukla 
  Abstract: Buying online products or services is the most common and essential practice of Indian consumers. There is huge competition among online shopping platforms. These service providers provide a better price, heavy discounts and most importantly efficient services. Indian customers are expecting a higher level of services from online shopping platforms. The mindset of various age groups in terms of service provided by the online service provider is changed. This study aims to understand that, how different group of consumers prefers different service quality. The entire study was conducted with an opinion of 385 responses from online shoppers. The inferential statistical tools were deployed to understand variations amongst the different age group. Outcomes indicate that the age group 1825 are more demanding in terms of service and technical quality from online shopping platform.
  Keywords: service quality; online shopping platform; online shoppers; variations.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10059284
   
  
• Revisiting the Service Quality Dimensions of Banks in India during the Pandemic Times: The Moderating Role of Gender and Banking Experience  
  by Charu Saxena, Pardeep Kumar 
  Abstract: Withstand the changing market conditions and revenue pressure in the global economic downturn due to the COVID-19 crisis, service quality has emerged as the most critical component of the competitiveness of the banking industry in India. This study aims to revisit and analyse the quality of services rendered by the public sector and private sector banks in India during the pandemic. The moderating role of gender and banking experience of customers is also assessed in the current research. To examine the proposed model, a structural equation modelling (SEM) technique is employed on a sample of 600 banking customers from the Punjab District, using AMOS software. The results suggest that factors such as reliability, accessibility, assurance, tangibility, and responsiveness influence customer satisfaction in the banking sector. However, empathy factors do not hold any relevance to customer satisfaction. Gender plays a moderating role in the linkage between service quality and customer satisfaction. Additionally, people with more banking experience are found to be more satisfied with banking services.
  Keywords: service quality; customer satisfaction; moderating role; banking experience; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10059285
   
  
• Perceiving E-emotional Conscience in Indian Advertisements  
  by Anilaa Pillai  
  Abstract: A more complete understanding of one’s own behaviour is made possible by positive psychology, which offers a unique viewpoint on what drives people, how they feel, and how decisions are made. The psychology of advertising focuses on fostering empathy for a good or service in order to increase one's propensity to use or purchase it. How we relate to advertisements can be influenced by their physical components, such as people, images, and even colours along with the shared feelings on screen. The objective is to examine advertising, which is generally considered a time invader, through the lens of emotional intelligence. The paper also proposes a new term, e-emotions, for the analysis since the emotions that are the key element of the study are expressed through the digital space of advertisements in traditional media using self-awareness dimension of emotional intelligence proposed by Daniel Goleman to analyse selected Indian advertisements.
  Keywords: emotional intelligence; self-awareness; decision making skills; Indian advertisements; emotions; soft skills; traditional media.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10059332
   
  
• Financial sentiment analysis of news articles with long text corpus for equity portfolio construction  
  by Senthil Arasu Balasubramanian, Nancy Christina J, P. Sridevi 
  Abstract: Forecasting stock performance is a well-researched area. In recent times, textual data related to stock market are considered to have more meaningful insights and various natural language processing (NLP) techniques are employed to process it. Several studies have used news headlines to predict stock market performance and most of the studies focus on short-term forecasting which considers lags of days or less and pose a higher risk than investing over a long-term. In this study, long text corpus of news articles of non-financial stocks from Nifty 50 is analysed with an objective to construct an equity portfolio. A pre-trained NLP model FinBERT was used to analyse the sentiment of the financial text. The resulting portfolio was found to outperform the market. However, few stocks with extraordinary performance were missed as the stocks for the portfolio were selected using news articles as the only source.
  Keywords: sentiment analysis; natural language processing; NLP; news corpus; BERT-base-NER; FinBERT; Nifty; equity portfolio.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10059333
   
  
• Prominent Behavioral Biases Affecting Investment Decisions: A Systematic Literature Review with TCCM and Bibliometric Analysis  
  by Shubhangi Gautam, Pardeep Kumar 
  Abstract: Behavioural finance since its inception is centred on bridging the gap between psychology and finance. The study aims to discover the most common behavioural biases in investment decision-making and to find new emerging dimensions for further research. This research employed the PRISMA guidelines to finalise the research studies for final review. The review paper adopted the TCCM a theory development, context, characteristics, and methodology and bibliometric approach to analyse the Scopus-indexed research publications. The study establishes that behavioural biases are inescapable; and they are bound to influence individuals, corporates, financial analysts, or other investors investment choices, whether positively or negatively. The research concludes that prospect theory, heuristics, and herding are three categories of biases that mostly influence and impact the opinions of prospective investors. Moreover, the relationships of behavioural finance with neurofinance and emotional intelligence are recognised as the most promising emerging areas for future research.
  Keywords: behavioural biases; herding bias; investment decision; mental accounting; overconfidence bias.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10059339
   
  
• Link between various construct of workplace spirituality and job satisfaction in banking sector in Indian context: a proposed model.  
  by Parveen Kumar, Anu Lohan 
  Abstract: The aim of this research is to investigate the link between workplace spirituality and job satisfaction in the banking sector within the Indian context. For this study, 250 managers from 10 banks were contacted through personal interactions and emails to collect data. The research explores the correlation between workplace spirituality and job satisfaction, and it also develops a regression equation considering various constructs of workplace spirituality as independent variables and job satisfaction as the dependent variable. The findings indicate a positive and significant correlation between workplace spirituality and job satisfaction. Therefore, it is suggested that banks should explore the option of institutionalising spiritual values and techniques in the workplace.
  Keywords: workplace spirituality; job satisfaction; Indian culture; correlation; regression.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10059340
   
  
• The Impact of Macroeconomic Determinants on Gold Prices: An Empirical Study on Indian Market Using ARDL Approach  
  by Sonia Garg, Karam Pal Narwal, Priyanka Rani 
  Abstract: The present study investigates the relationship between gold prices and macroeconomic determinants such as the consumer price index (CPI), gross domestic product (GDP), interest rate (INT), and exchange rate (EXR) by applying an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) for the period spanning from January 2011 to March 2020 in India. The results of the study found that the price of gold has a cointegration relationship with inflation, GDP, interest rate, exchange rate, and stock market index. Further, in the long run, CPI and the stock market index are the major macroeconomic variables that impact gold prices. In the short run, only the exchange rate significantly influences gold prices, along with the different lagged periods of other variables. The results of this study are significant for economists, policymakers, investors, and academicians.
  Keywords: Macroeconomic determinants; gold; autoregressive distributed lag model; futures prices; exchange rate.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10059353
   
  
• Strategic Human Resource Management and organizational performance- Mediating effect of relational climate in public sector in India  
  by Anurag Chourasia, Prakash Chandra Bahuguna 
  Abstract: Interactions and relationships among the members of an organisation constitute the foundation of an organisation. The purpose of this paper is to explore the interactional aspect of strategic human resource management (SHRM) and empirically test the role of relational climate in enhancing organisational performance (OP). This research is anchored on the 'relational models theory' of Fiske (1992) to explain relational climate and the social interdependence theory of Johnson and Johnson (2005) to comprehend how relational climate affects OP. Data were obtained from 327 executives through a questionnaire survey from ten public sector oil companies in India and analysed through SPSS and structural equation modelling. By empirically examining a positive correlation between relational climate and organisational performance, this study adds to the body of knowledge on relational HRM. Hence, managers must build an effective relational climate that will facilitate in developing a relational climate in the workplace to improve organisational performance.
  Keywords: relational climate; relational models theory; social interdependence theory; organisational performance; strategic human resource management; SHRM; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10059374
   
  
• Examining Grievance Handling Procedures and Employee Satisfaction: A Study of Procedural Justice in Indian Organizations  
  by Priyanka R. Naagar, Shabnam Saxena 
  Abstract: This study examines how grievance handling procedures, policies, reporting, and identification sources influence employee satisfaction in Indian organisations. A questionnaire was distributed to 520 employees in the manufacturing and service sectors, and 331 responses were analysed using SPSS-21 and AMOS-21. Descriptive and correlational analyses revealed interrelationships among the constructs. Multiple regression analysis, supported by bootstrapping effects, provided strong evidence of the positive impact of grievance handling procedures on employee satisfaction. Practical implications include recommendations for HRM and the manufacturing and service sectors to implement a robust grievance handling procedure based on procedural justice. This study contributes empirical evidence to the field of HRM, highlighting the substantiated impact of grievance handling on employee satisfaction.
  Keywords: employee satisfaction; grievance handling procedure; GHP; open door policy; procedural justice; grievance reporting.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10059409
   
  
• Intrinsic Motivational Factors and Creative and Innovative Work Behavior of Employees: The Mediating Effect of Creative Personality  
  by Manohar Kapse, Pragya Sharma, Anuradha Pathak, Jeanne Poulose, Vinod Sharma 
  Abstract: The study investigates the relationship among intrinsic motivational factors, employee creative behaviour, employee innovative behaviour, and creative personality. This study analysed the mediating effect of creative personality between intrinsic motivational factor with creative and innovative behaviour of IT sector employee. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling. The study found a positive relationship between intrinsic motivational behaviour and creative personality; creative personality and employee creative behaviour; creative personality and innovative behaviour; and intrinsic motivational factor and employee innovative behaviour. The study also found partial mediating effect of creative personality between intrinsic motivational factor and creative behaviour and also innovative behaviour. Findings contribute to new insights to the existing literature by examining the mediating effects of creative personality between intrinsic motivational behaviour, and creative and innovative behaviour of IT sector employees.
  Keywords: creativity; intrinsic motivational factors; innovative work behaviour; creative behaviour; creative personality.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10059410
   
  
• Investigating impact of Spiritual Leadership on organization performance with mediating role of calling and membership: IT sector as a case study  
  by Komal Pandya, Narayan Baser 
  Abstract: Spiritual leaders have a deep sense of purpose, ethical standards, and compassion for their employees, which this study examines. According to a study, spiritual leadership improves organisational performance, employee engagement, dedication, and productivity. Using structural equation modelling (SEM), 453 IT professionals’ perceptions of spiritual leadership and business performance are examined. SEM examines how spiritual leadership affects company success. Study shows direct and indirect effects. Spiritual leadership boosts IT team performance. Calling and membership also mediate spiritual leadership-organisational success. This study emphasises the relevance of spiritual leadership in IT businesses and the need for leaders to have a clear purpose, fundamental values, and genuine concern for employee well-being. It also shows how giving employees a feeling of purpose and belonging can increase organisational performance. IT, HR, and organisational strategists can boost employee performance and corporate success by prioritising spiritual leadership and fostering a sense of calling and membership.
  Keywords: spiritual leadership; organisation performance; IT; structural equation modelling; SEM; calling membership.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10059411
   
  
• Understanding the Influence of Psychological Factors on Consumer Behavior: A Study of Green FMCG Purchases  
  by Aamer AL-Aflak, Priya Vij 
  Abstract: Consumer interest and concern in environmental issues have increased, which increased attention on environmental sustainability. The research goal to examine consumer behaviour towards buying green fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) utilising norm activation theory with personal norm mediating role and extended variables perceived consumer effectiveness and environmental concern. A survey method used, the data collected from 302 valid surveys was assessed by the ‘partial least squares-structural equation modelling’ approach. The research targeted consumer from the top three cities in Punjab from population and literacy aspect. The findings indicated that customer behaviour to purchase green items influenced by personal norm. With the exception of environmental concern, had no indirect significant impact on purchase behaviour, perceived consumer effectiveness, awareness of consequences plus attribution of responsibility, were all positively correlated with buy behaviour. This study seeks to ascertain the role that psychological factors play in influencing a person’s choice to buy green products.
  Keywords: consumer behaviour; green FMCG; psychological factors.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10059445
   
  
• Relationship of Accounting Information system’s characteristics & profitability: A perceptual study of the Insurance sector in India.  
  by Pooja Sharma, Ankita Chaturvedi 
  Abstract: The accounting information system (AIS) is a constituent of an organisation’s information system that benefits data processing. Such a dataset aids management in making choices that have a big impact on the business’s profitability. Data collection, maintenance, records keeping, and information production are only a few of the essential functions offered by accounting information systems. The purpose of the study was to determine what factors contributed to the Indian insurance industry’s increased profitability in terms of accounting information system characteristics. 400 insurance professionals from these chosen insurance companies made up the study sample. Reliability analysis and regression approach applied to analyse the results using SPSS. Data were obtained through simple random sampling. The results showed a statistically significant relation between the AIS’ characteristics and these insurance companies’ profitability. The study’s findings demonstrated that higher profitability is a direct outcome of accounting information systems’ efficiency, reliability, usability, data quality, and accuracy.
  Keywords: relationship; accounting information system characteristics; profitability; regression; insurance companies.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10059471
   
  
• Analysis of Overall Customer Satisfaction towards Bancassurance in Emerging Economies  
  by Ajitav Acharya, Abhijit Mohanty, Manoranjan Dash, Biswo Ranjan Mishra, Kamalakanta Muduli, Suchismita Swain 
  Abstract: The study’s goal is to analyse customers' overall satisfaction with bancassurance products offered by retail banks in India. This study conceptualises three second-order categories, satisfaction with agent, satisfaction with company, and satisfaction with functional services, and assesses their impact on overall consumer satisfaction with bancassurance in an emerging economy like India. Primary data was gathered using a structured questionnaire. Purposive sampling was used to choose 344 customers. PLS-SEM 4.0 was used to assess hypotheses as well as the constructs validity and reliability. The results show that the second-order factor model was empirically valid and that the three second-order constructs have a positive and significant impact on overall consumer satisfaction with bancassurance. Similarly, the association between first-order constructs and their associated second-order constructs was found to be statistically significant. This study proposes a novel paradigm for predicting total customer satisfaction in the banking industry that combines second-order constructs. This study will be valuable for mapping the quality dimensions of bancassurance services in order to improve customer satisfaction in an emerging economy.
  Keywords: bancassurance; service quality; overall customer satisfaction; Indian retail banking; PLS-SEM.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10059593
   
  
• A Machine Learning Perspective in Predicting Historical Index Data  
  by Christo Aditya Bikram Bepari, Manoranjan Dash, Bibhuti Bhusan Pradhan, Ibanga Kpereobong Friday 
  Abstract: Predicting the stock market is a perpetual challenge due to the vast amount of data generated daily. This study explores the application of machine learning (ML) techniques to address this challenge. With the aid of big data analytics, we investigate the advancements in ML for stock market forecast. The primary focus of this study is the prediction of Historical Index Data Nifty, with implications that extend to other stocks. Through an extensive literature review, we examine existing research on stock market prediction and identify gaps in the current understanding. Through systematic experiments and rigorous evaluation, we contribute to the existing body of knowledge on stock market prediction. Our findings highlight the potential of ML techniques, particularly the hybrid XGBoost-GRU model, for accurate and informed stock market forecasting.
  Keywords: financial innovation; machine learning; XGBoost-GRU; artificial intelligence.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10059596
   
  
• COVID-19 Influences the Academic Education of Hotel Management Students in India and Educational Development based on National Education Policy  
  by Aby Emmanuel Lopus, Libina Babu 
  Abstract: Hotel management education is one of the most competent and skilful programs available around the world. This study investigates the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the educational system of hotel management students in India. People studying hospitality should have strong communication skills, moral attitudes, team spirit, and several other abilities that are impacted by the pandemic and cannot be experienced through virtual learning. The National Education Policy (NEP) is an extensive principle that explains the nation's educational success. It offers the potential for foreign universities to gain access to Indian higher education. The policy is the best choice for training and assessment. It tries to eliminate several existing impediments to students pursuing an additional career. NEP's existing plans include investigations and the reconstruction of hotel management higher education.
  Keywords: National Education Policy; NEP; COVID-19; hotel management institution; hospitality; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10059633
   
  
• Effect of E-Wallets' prior application on consumer satisfaction  
  by Naveen Luthra, Manish Solanki, Vivek Karmokar, Vishal D. Chavan, Rafique Khan, MAULIN SHAH 
  Abstract: Online transactions increased considerably after the demonstration. This creative challenge is growing exponentially in relation to the strength of the deliverables from providers of e-wallet services. The purpose of this study was to determine whether current e-wallet users were happy with the platform's numerous features. This cross-sectional study was conducted in an effort to investigate the effects of several performance factors that are important to e-wallets, such as transaction speed, authentication, encryption, soft wale performance, and main Details. 451 usable samples were collected from the respondents who were using e-wallets for the transaction purpose. The two factors that had the greatest impact on user satisfaction with electronic wallets were authentication and encryption mechanism. This study used multiple regression analysis to assess the impact of all contributing factors.
  Keywords: online user; e-wallets; satisfaction encryption mechanism; authentications; performance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10059704
   
  
• Exploring preventive healthcare behaviour in the Indian context  
  by Gourab De, Ayona Bhattacharjee, Neena Sondhi, Himanshu Joshi 
  Abstract: With the increasing global incidence of lifestyle diseases in modern times, it is imperative to adopt preventive healthcare behaviour to avert the occurrence of these ailments efficiently. This study adopts a qualitative methodology using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with urban adult Indian consumers to understand different aspects of preventive healthcare behaviour. The exploratory study identifies key factors influencing an individual's adoption of such healthcare behaviour. The study also reveals how adopting this behaviour may impact a person's subjective well-being. The findings are theoretically significant, providing a comprehensive framework for understanding preventive healthcare behaviour. The study has important implications for firms in the segment of preventive healthcare products and the services sector as it provides information about factors that can enhance the adoption of preventive healthcare behaviour.
  Keywords: preventive healthcare behaviour; PHB; subjective well-being; SWB; qualitative approach; health value; health literacy; self-efficacy; health consciousness.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10059730
   
  
• Consumer Purchase Intention for Green FMCG: Mediating Role of Green Brand Attitude and Moderating Effect of Neutralization  
  by Aamer AL-Aflak, Shanul Gawshinde 
  Abstract: This study aims to investigate the behavioural intention of consumers towards green fast-moving consumer goods brands. The theoretical framework of the current study is based on the decomposed theory of planned behaviour. Purposive sampling was used to gather data from Syrian consumers obtaining 375 respondents, which were analysed using a structural equation model. The current study determines consumers’ purchase intention towards green brands of fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) through perceived behavioural control and subjective norms. Both perceived behavioural control and subjective norms have a significant impact on green purchase intention. Furthermore, attitude plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between the perceived behavioural control, subjective norms, and green purchase intention. While the moderator has an insignificant effect on consumers’ decisions to purchase green FMCG brands. The result recommends approaches for green product marketing. Prior research on green buying intentions has mainly focused on straightforward models at each given time.
  Keywords: green brands; fast-moving consumer goods; FMCG; green purchase intention; consumer behaviour.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10059735
   
  
• Knowledge and Uses of Ethnomedicinal Plants: A Study on Tribal Communities of Joypur Forest, West Bengal (India)  
  by Tanmoyee Bhattacharjee, Anirban Baitalik, Biplab Bera 
  Abstract: This research delves into the ethnomedicinal expertise held by tribal communities residing in the Joypur forest region of West Bengal, India. The study's primary focus is to document and analyse the knowledge of 21 key plant species integral to their traditional healthcare systems. Notably, the Asteraceae, Acanthaceae, and Apocynaceae plant families are identified as prominent contributors, addressing a wide range of ailments. Innovative indices such as knowledge relevance index (KRI), usage value (UV), fidelity level (FL), and relative frequency of citation (RFC) evaluate the significance of each plant species in ethnomedicinal practices. The analysis reveals a positive correlation between age and traditional knowledge, underscoring the older generation's role as custodians of invaluable wisdom. Interestingly, waning interest in traditional remedies is noted among the youth, who prefer easily accessible allopathic treatments. This study provides insights into cultural dynamics and underscores the urgency of preserving ethnomedicinal wisdom.
  Keywords: ethnomedicinal knowledge; plant species; traditional health practices; tribal community; West Bengal.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10059762
   
  
• A Study on the Rationale for the Practice of Diversity and Inclusion in the Workplace (An Empirical Research in the North East Indian Context)  
  by Pankaj Kumar Sharma, Shazeed Ahmed, Dipankar Malakar 
  Abstract: The policy of promoting diversity and inclusion in the workplace is a prominent area in organisation management. The study is an attempt to know how executives perceive the practice of diversity and inclusion in the workplace. The study was exploratory by nature and was carried out in two stages with samples of 515 respondents and 232 respondents respectively using attitudinal statements. The study used a convenience sampling technique. Data was processed using logistic regression. The outcome of the study suggests that diversity and inclusion were viewed to lead companies to be customers oriented, motivate employees to work in a team, ensure satisfaction in the jobs performed and develop a sense of equity and due recognition. However, the policy was not viewed to help organisations to earn significant profits or promote creativity among employees in work. Managers can take inputs to manage the perception of executives for the benefit of organisations.
  Keywords: workplace; inclusion; perceptual; communality; innovations; diversity.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10059816
   
  
• Factors impacting the behavioral intention towards sustainable fashion consumption: An Empirical Study of Gen Z Consumers  
  by Mariya Ali, Sadaf Siraj, Syeedun Nisa 
  Abstract: The increasing number of young environmental activists worldwide has sparked a strong movement that encourages action against global warming and advocates sustainability. This has led to an increase in the popularity of sustainable products. The demand for sustainable clothing has increased and is continuing to gather momentum in the fashion business, which is acknowledged as the second-largest polluter. The younger generation is most concerned about environmental issues. The current study aimed to investigate college students' intentions to purchase sustainable apparel using the extended theory of planned behaviour. The data from 226 students at three Indian universities were gathered through an online survey and used in structural equation modelling. The findings demonstrated that behavioural belief, attitude, and pricing substantially impact purchase intention for sustainable clothing. The results will assist retailers in gaining notable insight into consumers' viewpoints on sustainable apparel, allowing them to devise robust marketing tactics to boost favourable intentions and attitudes.
  Keywords: sustainable apparel; generation Z; purchase intention; PI; theory of planned behaviour model; sustainable consumer behaviour; eco friendly.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10059882
   
  
• Paytm IPO, A case of Deliberate Overpricing?  
  by Seshadev Sahoo, Saurabh Khandelwal 
  Abstract: This case study presents a technical analysis of Paytms IPO launched in November 2021, which garnered 18,300 crores through a combination of new issuances and offers for sale (OFS). The study investigates the reasons behind the subsequent 56.5% share price decline within three months. In-depth examination of Paytms pre-IPO performance, post-IPO financials, and potential forecast impacting the listing price is conducted. The authors delve into the motivations driving the IPO and discuss shareholder profit maximisation. Regulatory oversights role in approving such listings is also scrutinised. The study highlights the necessity of comprehensive due diligence, including financial performance assessment, management evaluation, and corporate governance analysis, in IPO investments.
  Keywords: regulatory oversight; due diligence; digital economy; financial performance; fintech; initial public offering; IPO; pre-IPO investors; anchor investors; demonetisation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10059935
   
  
• Measuring the Impacts of Organizational Culture Determinants on Organizational Citizenship Behavior in IT sector  
  by Neha Singh, Anil Pawar, Radhika G. Shah, Twinkal Thakkar, Aditya Jani, Hiral Vora 
  Abstract: In India, the information technology (IT) sector has emerged as a dynamic, swiftly expanding industry with numerous employment opportunities. This study investigates the crucial role of organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) in fostering the expansion of IT companies. Our cross-sectional survey includes the opinions of 378 middle-and senior-level IT administrators from a variety of organisations. Using multiple regression analysis and path analysis techniques, this study evaluates the impact of OCB on the overall efficacy of IT companies. Notably, our findings disclose that a substantial proportion, specifically 70.60%, of an IT company's efficacy can be attributed to the various OCB-influencing factors within these organisations. This study highlights the significance of fostering and recognising OCB in the workplace to increase the success and growth of IT companies in India.
  Keywords: organisation citizenship; behavioural effectiveness; motivation job satisfaction; quality of work life; QWL; organisation culture; organisational citizenship behaviour; OCB.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10059948
   
  
• Investigating the effects of factors influencing on the satisfaction of M-Banking Users  
  by Manisha Raj, Kakoli Biswas, Sambit Kumar Pradhan, Yaatra Khalil Khan, Himanshu Parcha, Sampada Iyer 
  Abstract: This study aimed to develop a new model that would integrate the level of customer satisfaction with the three aspects of the quality of the mobile banking service: the quality of the system, the quality of the interface design, and the quality of the content. The participants in the sample group were chosen randomly from a group of 337 customers who had previously downloaded mobile banking apps and had experience using them to conduct banking transactions to collect the information required for the research. The research model was verified using validity and reliability criteria. The study model’s hypotheses were then tested using the partial least squares method. This led to the revelation that the effectiveness of the information supplied, the system, and the interface design substantially impacted a customer’s satisfaction with the mobile banking service.
  Keywords: mobile banking; m-banking; satisfaction; e-transaction; service quality.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10059962
   
  
• A Framework Model for Synergizing Lean and Industry 4.0 in Indian Heavy Fabrication Industries  
  by Karthikeyan Ramu, J. Jerald, Aadithya B.G, Pranaw V, Ravichandran G. S 
  Abstract: In this digital and competitive world, lean and Industry 4.0 both are creating more impact and influence in the practice of today’s manufacturing industries. Manufacturing development initiatives including lean and Industry 4.0 have piqued the attention of both academia and industry. When it comes to heavy fabrication industries, the strategy of lean and Industry 4.0 can be incorporated into a highly flexible operating environment to achieve more economic benefits by eliminating waste, resulting in enhanced flexibility, productivity, and profit. Many non-flow type organisations have begun their lean with Industry 4.0 journey but are still unable to sustain it. As a result, an effort is made to consolidate various lean and Industry 4.0 perspectives, namely barriers, principles, tools, and performance indicators, and a framework is established on how the implementation of lean with Industry 4.0 philosophies can be adopted systematically.
  Keywords: lean manufacturing; LM; Industry 4.0; I4.0; barriers; tools; principles and performance measures.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10059970
   
  
• Enhancing investment decisions in Indian stock market through MCDM approach  
  by Arup Mitra, A.K. Jalan, Prabir Biswas, Sayan Gupta 
  Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to compare a set of Indian stocks listed in the Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI-114) index’. The present paper considers the fundamental performance of the stocks as a basis for comparison. A number of financial ratios have been used as criteria to compare the performance of the stocks. The underlying objective is to formulate a portfolio for investment decision-making. Since the decision-making is based on the performance of the stocks subject to multiple criteria, the current work presents a multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework. Priority of the criteria is based on objective information, and this study uses the inter-criteria correlation method for deriving the weight. It is compared and ranked as per their performance using a compromise solution-based model that trades off the criteria effect with considerable reliability and stability. Finally, the mean-variance (MV) model is incorporated for identifying adverse risks and optimising the portfolio.
  Keywords: decision making; ratio; portfolio; investment; stock market; multiple-criteria decision-making; MCDM.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10060047
   
  
• Examine The Investigation of Online Insurance Consumers' Buying Intention  
  by Himanshu Barot, Susmita Dutta, Rahul Bhattacharya, Saksham Misra, Ritesh Patel, Maulin Shah 
  Abstract: The study under consideration pertains to the prediction of customers' online insurance policy purchase behaviour, with a specific focus on major cities located in the Gujarat state of India. The study's variables are formulated based on the prior contributions of the technology acceptance model. The research gathered the viewpoints of 381 participants through a method of convenient sampling, encompassing individuals who were inclined to purchase online insurance as well as those who had already made a purchase. The data analysis was conducted by the researchers using SPSS-20 statistical software, which enabled them to obtain predictive values for buying intentions. The findings derived from the implementation of multiple regression methodologies revealed that the perceived benefit and sustainability factors exerted the greatest impact on the predictive capacity of customers' inclination to purchase insurance via online platforms in the Indian market. The study's model accounted for roughly 64.50% of the total variance in online purchasing intention in the insurance industry. The implications of the research findings extend to policy makers, marketers, and customers operating within the online insurance industry. Finally, the aforementioned findings can assist customers in making well-informed decisions when evaluating various online insurance alternatives.
  Keywords: insurance; online; consumer behaviour; multiple regression.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10060050
   
  
• Examine the Factors Affecting the Acceptance of Mobile Banking Payments: A Study of Gen Z  
  by Zankruti Raval, Vishal M. Tidake, Jigar Nagvadia, Farana Kureshi, Rohit Lala 
  Abstract: This research examines how Generation Z in India accepts mobile payments (m-payments). Generation Z, the youngest and most tech-savvy consumer generation, shapes payment system futures. This study examines their attitudes, beliefs, and adoption behaviours about m-payments in India to determine their acceptance determinants. Using quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, a representative sample of Generation Z from across India will be surveyed. The research will analyse data using technology acceptance theories. The research utilised 381 generation Z mobile banking users from Gujarat. Structural equation modelling tested the theory. Performance expectation, effort expectancy, social influence, enabling circumstance, hedonic incentive, and perceived value promote Gen Z M-Banking acceptance in India. This research illuminates Generation Z’s adoption of m-payments in India’s main drivers and constraints for academics, business, and government. These insights will help design targeted m-payment adoption strategies to promote financial inclusion and digital transformation in the nation.
  Keywords: mobile banking; digital payments; acceptance of Gen Z; technology acceptance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10060189
   
  
• Emerging Patterns in Socially Responsible Investment: An Empirical Study of Indian IT Workers' Behavioural Intention  
  by Sagarika Mohanty, Manoranjan Dash, Lingam Naveen, Ajitav Acharya, Debabrata Sharma, Kamalakanta Muduli 
  Abstract: The present study intends to investigate the behavioural intention of Indian IT workers in socially responsible securities investments. Additionally, it analyses the effectiveness of the theory of reasoned action (TRA) model to forecast the investment behaviour of IT workers in this context. Four variables have been added to the TRA, namely, financial literacy, perceived risk, financial return, and environmental concern. Using a self-administered questionnaire, IT workers from different states of India were surveyed and their responses were analysed with respect to the chosen variables through structural equation modelling (SEM). This study indicates that investors’ behaviour intention towards SRI is influenced by attitude, subjective norms, financial literacy, perceived risks, financial return, and environmental concern. Apart from attitude and subjective norms, the financial decision of investors also impacted by risk and return factors. In the case of SRI investment, financial literacy and environmental concern also plays a prominent role. As a result, it can be inferred that investors’ judgements towards SRI are influenced by impressions from their social networks as well as by financial rationale.
  Keywords: socially responsible investment; SRI; behavioural intention; investment; theory of reasoned action; TRA model; SRI investors.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10060470
   
  
• A Study on E-HRM Process in Selected IT and ITes Companies with Special Reference to Chennai  
  by M.M. Shanmugapriya, D. Venkatramaju 
  Abstract: Electronic human resource management (E-HRM) is a relatively new idea for developing countries like India. E-HRM is hardly ever applied in the industrial sector because most of its procedures are labour-intensive. E-HRM is the solution for the 21st century when production will be scaled up, most work will be automated, and human resource management will be extremely complex. This study examines the current E-HRM practices in Chennai's IT and ITES sectors and how they affect business success. Recruitment system, employee system, information management system, salary management system, learning and training system, idea and creativity exchange system are the nine criteria to evaluate E-HRM practices. On the other side, there is little correlation between organisational success and the employee system, information management system, and idea and creativity exchange system. Because HRM is in a transitional phase, the idea and creative exchange system and the staff management system ask for a more humanistic approach. For the evaluation of the individual constructs, descriptive analysis is used. ANOVA and T-tests analyse differences within the individual constructs regarding demographic variables. Cronbachs alpha method was used to test the reliability.
  Keywords: organisational performance; e-hiring; e-performance appraisal; e-learning; e-rewards; human resource management; HRM; electronic human resource management; E-HRM.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10060477
   
  
• Surveillance of Importance of Medicinal Plant Chitrak (Plumbago zeylanica) in the Treatment of Lifestyle Disorders and in Wellness Tourism: An Empirical Approach for 21st century Life Style  
  by Dr. Preeti Sharma, Bhavna Singh, Rohit Rastogi, Sandeep Kumar, Gunjan Nagar, Prashant Rathore 
  Abstract: After losing a lot, man has now learned to cherish nature again, slowly he is trying to return to his roots. Nowadays, Ayurveda and herbal medicine are popular. Descriptions of many divine medicines are found in Ayurveda, one of them is chitraka. Much clinical research proved its anti-diabetic and antioxidant properties. These therapeutic qualities of Plumbago zeylanica can be used in wellness tourism and hospitality in different manners. The plants extracts and oils are used in aromatherapy procedures, massages and cosmetic regimens. Visitors leave feeling renewed and rejuvenated and welcoming a real heaven of wellness. Plant of P. zeylanica looks very beautiful with its blue, red and white flowers and lush foliage. In this presented manuscript, we provide detailed knowledge about the plant Plumbago zeylanica as part of classic literature and modern literature as well. This manuscript will be helpful in revealing different facts of Plumbago zeylanica especially in the context of lifestyle disorders and wellness tourism as well.
  Keywords: Chitrak; Ayurveda; Deepana; Pachana; Agni; Lifestyle disorder; Wellness Tourism.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10060516
   
  
• A Study on the Impact of Corporate Governance on Working Capital Management MANAGEMENT  
  by Preeti Khatri, Mani Bhatia 
  Abstract: The objective of this research is to investigate how corporate governance mechanism affects working capital management of Indian Energy companies. The sample includes seven companies listed in the National Stock Exchange during the 20132022 financial years. The data was collected from the database of the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) Prowess and annual reports of the respective company which were downloaded from the National Stock Exchange. We first diversified the characteristics of the board of directors in a diversity of board and diversity in board. Panel data analysis was applied in the study to test the hypothesis. The studys findings showed the positive impact of multiple directorships, ROA, and growth while an insignificant effect was found of other variables on working capital management. The findings are useful for investors, policymakers, and other stakeholders who are concerned with working capital efficiency.
  Keywords: corporate governance; working capital management; panel data; energy companies; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10060544
   
  
• Entrepreneurs' Self-selection of Informal Funds for Early-stage Start-ups: Empirical Study Using Evidence from India  
  by Vikku Agrawal, Jaykumar Padmanabhan 
  Abstract: The objective of the study is to analyse entrepreneurial funding from a demand-side perspective, focusing on the connection between personal characteristics of entrepreneurs and their inclination towards seeking informal funds for their early-stage venture. The research employs binary logistic regression on a purposive sample of 319 India-based entrepreneurs within the first five years of venture existence, to examine the relationship. Findings suggest that entrepreneurs' choice of informal funds is significantly impacted by the category of personal net-worth that they classify themselves into. Their formal education in business management does not significantly decide if they would choose informal external funds for business in early stages. Focus on early-stage entrepreneurs mitigates survivorship bias in entrepreneurship studies. Emphasis on informal funds in emerging economies suggests a potential for yielding unique insights. These findings can be used by policymakers to tailor initiatives, while other developing economies can adapt the insights to their own contexts.
  Keywords: start-up finance; informal funds; entrepreneur choice; early-stage venture; demand-side perspective; emerging economy; funding challenge; entrepreneur characteristics; entrepreneurship in India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10060605
   
  
• Adapting to the Expectations and Behaviour of Generation Z Workforce at Workplace  
  by Neetika Sharma, Rajeshree Gokhale 
  Abstract: Generation Z is the latest to have entered the workforce. This generation consists of people born between the years 1995 and 2010. With this new workforce, business challenges and problems need to be addressed with a new approach. This generation brings in new patterns of behaviour. The present study aims to help business organisations understand the expectations and behaviour of this new generation in the workplace and create an environment which is conducive to the growth of businesses as well as the development of this generation. The study is based on primary data which was collected by administering a questionnaire that was distributed randomly amongst the Generation Z employees across different industries in Pune (India). The analysis of this data was carried out using factor analysis and Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient. The result of the study reveals that flexibility, communication, salary, benefits and rewards, work-life balance, technology, cross-cultural competence, teamwork and being independent are significant factors that influence the behaviour of Generation Z at workplace. The researcher hopes to equip the managers to understand, engage and retain Generation Z employees more effectively.
  Keywords: employee behaviour; employee expectations; generational differences; Generation Z; workforce; work values.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10060611
   
  
• Drivers of Work Engagement: Analyzing Fundamental Self-Evaluations and Psychological Atmosphere in Public and Private Banks in Chhattisgarh  
  by R. Vijaya Lakshmi, A.K. Chandra, G. V. V. Jagannha Rao 
  Abstract: Many professionals consider employee engagement as a fresh approach to human resources that can assist organisations in navigating rough and unpredictable market situations. For the banking sector, figuring out what factors influence employee engagement is still difficult. The purpose of this study was to provide theory-based empirical data on the relationship between employee self-evaluations and views of the organisational work environment. The job demands-resources (JDR) model by Demerouti and colleagues as well as Kahn’s idea of three psychological states served as the theoretical foundations. 412 respondents were surveyed using a standardised questionnaire in Chhattisgarh’s public and private sector banks’ chosen cities. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used that core self-evaluations (CSE) and four psychological climate (PSC) factors were positively correlated with employee engagement.
  Keywords: core self-evaluations; CSE; psychological climate; PSC; job demands-resources model; confirmatory factor analysis; hierarchical regression analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10060632
   
  
• An empirical study of the impact of operating and financial leverages on the performance of select Indian firms listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) in India  
  by Rahul Nandi, Pradipta Banerjee 
  Abstract: The paper examined the impact of leverages on the performance of firms chosen from twelve prominent industries over the ten-year period from 2011-12 to 2020-21. The study used panel data regression and for selecting the suitable model Hausman, Breusch Pagan LM, and Restricted F-test have been employed. The firms have been chosen based on median assets size from every twelve major industries listed in NSE. Also, some diagnostic tests have been conducted. The study found that sample firms are not highly levered, operating leverage and financial leverage are not significant determinants of all the performance measures except market capitalization. Bankruptcy probability is the most consistent determinant whereas tangibility, size, and financial leverage are substantial but not consistent determinants in each model. The study also did not reveal any significant relationship between operating and financial leverage. It has been found that firms are adhering to the pecking order theory.
  Keywords: Operating leverage; financial leverage; Panel data regression; Hausman test; Breusch Pagan LM test; Restricted-F test; Pecking order theory.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10060672
   
  
• Analysing Critical indicators of initial performance of IPO: Evidence from an emerging market  
  by P. Sridevi, Nivetha S 
  Abstract: This research aims to develop models for factors that influence the performance of initial public offerings (IPO), by considering opening price acts as a good indicator for estimating the first-day closing price and initial performance of the IPO emerging Indian market using machine learning technique. This study analysed mainline IPOs of 247 Indian companies, traded and issued on NSE in the years 20092020. The study reveals the presence of underpriced IPOs in India, with 67% of IPOs being underpriced at the opening price on the listing day, and 64% remaining underpriced by the time the market closed on the listing day during the research period. The findings of this study strongly suggest that the opening price performance of an Indian IPO is influenced by 21 Day's return on the Nifty 50 index prior to the first trading date (MS21), and the initial day performance of an Indian IPO is influenced by the offer price (OP).
  Keywords: India; IPO performance; market sentiment; offer price; machine learning technique.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10060739
   
  
• Exploring the relationship between leadership style and employee engagement: Evidence from the banking industry  
  by Anjum Ajaz, Shabir Ahmad Bhat, Summaira Farooq 
  Abstract: This paper aims to explore the relationship between leadership style, i.e., servant leadership and employee engagement in the banking sector. The study attempts to predict dimensions of servant leadership style through employee engagement. This study was quantitative and used a cross-sectional survey design. Multi-stage cluster sampling technique was employed to select the respondents for the study. Data were collected through self-reported questionnaires of employees from select banking organisations in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), India. Out of 380 questionnaires administered, 351 valid responses were received resulting in a response rate of 92% from the survey. Our study utilised SPSS 21.0 for analysing the frequencies, summary statistics, correlations of observed variables and coefficient alpha. The partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique was used for data analysis and hypothesis testing. The paper finds that the servant leadership style facilitates subordinates to engage in their work and encourages subordinates to speak up. The results indicated that servant leadership is a significant predictor of employee engagement and a positive relationship was found between dimensions of servant leadership and employee engagement.
  Keywords: servant leadership; employee engagement; banking sector; leadership style.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10060828
   
  
• Green Financing as a Means for Fostering Organic Farming: An Evidence from the Indian State of Kerala  
  by Jins Varkey, Sujathan PK 
  Abstract: Green financing, thanks to its inherent advantages, has nowadays become the most coveted attraction everywhere. The paper examines the realisation of organic farming via the formal credit overwhelmingly through the linkage between self-help groups and micro finance institutions. There was a marked increase in the growing of organic farming as the formal credit is linked through SHGs. The paper concludes that release of formal credit fructifies the cultivation of organic farming among rural folks which prepares the ground not only for improving the lot of marginalised communities but also for guaranteeing sustainable development in developing nations.
  Keywords: organic farming; green financing; self-help groups; SHGs; micro finance institutions; MFIs; tribes; rural.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10060832
   
  
• An empirical comparison of profitability performance from the viewpoints of public, private, and international banks  
  by Hardik Gandhi, Ravi N. Sachula, Timcy C. Mehta, Navneet Kumar, Komal Srivastava , Falguni Prajapati 
  Abstract: In the last two decades, the performances of the service sector catch the attention of economists and trade specialists. The reason of this attention is service sector contributes almost 55%in of the Indian GDP. Banking is one of the key sectors I the areas of financial services. The current study focuses on a comparison of public, private, and foreign banks’ financial performance. Three popular banks from each category were selected on the basis of their financial performance over the last five years. A descriptive longitudinal design was applied to compare the financial performance of the nine banks. Outcomes of ratio analysis found that Bank of America has the lowest debt-equity ratio, while the standard chartered bank has the highest. All nine banks were compared with ranks over performances of financial performance.
  Keywords: service sector; financial performance; public banks; private banks; foreign banks.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2023.10060842
   
  
• Performance analysis of microfinance institutions: empirical evidence from MFIs of West Bengal  
  by Prasid Gurung, Soumitra Sarkar 
  Abstract: This paper aims to study the structural break in the microfinance industry caused by 'The Microfinance Institutions (Development and Regulation) Bill, 2012'. Data relating to 28 microfinance institutions (MFIs) of West Bengal for 14 years have been sourced from the Microfinance Information Exchange database with reference to the sustainability and performance of MFIs. For performance analysis, the parameters include a matrix of four performance indicators - portfolio quality, financial/operational efficiency, profitability and social performance. The study applied a panel data analysis module using fixed effect model (FEM) and random effect model (REM) and Hausman test was applied for the justification of the suitable model for the study. The result of the study provides shreds of evidence that the profitability of microfinance institutions is largely dependent on their financial and operational efficiency rather than their portfolio quality and social performance.
  Keywords: microfinance; microfinance institutions; MFIs; Hausman test; portfolio quality; financial and operational efficiency.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10049513
   
  
• Mapping determinants of stakeholder perceptions about higher education institutions: an Indian context  
  by Pramod Paliwal, Ritu Sharma 
  Abstract: Higher education institutions (HEIs) have long attempted to identify parameters that constitute perception among their significant stakeholders. Understanding stakeholder perceptions is vital for HEIs as, along with other factors, they contribute significantly to HEI reputation, and hence (stakeholder) perceptions are also used as an input for ranking HEI. This paper aims to revisit HEIs stakeholder groups (for an adequate identification of stakeholder groups whose perceptions are valuable) to identify the parameters that help determine these stakeholders' perceptions and suggest a theoretical framework that helps Indian HEIs. Case study of an Indian HEI involving expert opinion and focus group discussion techniques is the research methodology used to attain the research objectives. The major findings are: 1) a comprehensive set of stakeholders that are particularly relevant for Indian HEIs; 2) an inventory of determinants in the context of each of these stakeholder groups on which these groups form a perception about HEIs; 3) a theoretical framework based on which concerned decision makers at Indian HEIs/universities can act upon to deal with HEIs stakeholders' perceptions.
  Keywords: higher education institutions; HEIs; university ranking; students' perception; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10049856
   
  
• Examining the satisfaction level of insurance policy holders at subsistence marketplaces: the bottom-up approach  
  by Preeti Devi, Tejinder Sharma 
  Abstract: In the present times of competitive offerings, customer satisfaction matters a lot even in the subsistence marketplaces. If any manufacturer or service providers think otherwise, then their long-term survival is questionable. As satisfaction leads to a loyal customer base, which in turn, ensures profitable and sustainable long-term survival, the present study aims to examine the satisfaction level of insurance policy holders belonging to subsistence marketplaces in Haryana State of India. Initially a qualitative survey was conducted and the primary data was collected via a structured questionnaire on a five-point Likert scale from 294 respondents. The statistical tools such as percentage, mean, standard deviation and Kruskal Wallis H test are employed to test the hypothesis of the study. The findings reflect that the insurance policy holders at subsistence marketplaces are satisfied with insurance products and related aspects. Further, the overall satisfaction level of insurance policyholders at subsistence marketplaces does not vary significantly across residential status and monthly family saving, whereas it differs significantly across education level and occupation.
  Keywords: subsistence marketplaces; consumer satisfaction; insurance products; insurance policy holders; socio-demographic characteristics; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10049798
   
  
• Nada yoga: effective complementary module for the stress-induced psycho-physiological disorders  
  by Vipin Rathore, Sandeep Singh, Nidheesh Yadav 
  Abstract: This research paper is aimed at finding the ancient verses documented in the classical text related to nada yoga. Previous studies had widely revealed that stress plays an important role in various physiological and psychological changes in the human being, diminishing immunity-related biological systems and various metabolic disorders. The research study opposes the application of antiquated knowledge to improve health at all societal levels by focusing on the numerous biological and psychological factors connected to immunity and metabolism. It reveals the exploration of the effectiveness of nada yoga as a tool for stress management. The research paper's comments at the end discuss nada yoga as an emerging therapeutic approach that offers a preferable substitute and supplemental mechanism for resolving stress-related problems and boosting immunity in general. It suggests that nada yoga is an effective complementary module for stress-induced psycho-physiological disorders leading to a wide arena for future research and study of its implications scientifically.
  Keywords: nada yoga; sound therapy; immunity; stress; stress management.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10050674
   
  
• SWOT and AHP analysis for quality and reliability culture in public design centres of India  
  by Manmeet Singh, Nilesh Ware 
  Abstract: Indian design centres have fixed a place for themselves in little over seven decades for the development of products ranging from space, defence, agriculture, medical, and aerospace domains. Quality and reliability practices are followed for the entire product design life cycle. This work is based on the study on quality and reliability management practices followed for systems in public design centres of India. A focus group study is carried out for SWOT and AHP analysis of quality and reliability culture in public design centres of India. Weightage of each SWOT set and each SWOT factor is evaluated through pairwise comparison matrices using AHP. SWOT strategies are suggested by the focus group and are ranked based on AHP and relevance value. In SWOT sets, the maximum weightage of 0.4547 is for strengths. The highest total relevance value is for the strategy of increasing the export potential of Indian designed product by firming up the quality and reliability practices and using the advanced technology. This will make the product more robust.
  Keywords: quality and reliability; Q&R; R&D management; engineering systems; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10051486
   
  
• Country of origin of manufacture - perceived image and its competitive advantage with a focus on the Indian apparel sector  
  by Aastha Garg, Sibichan K. Mathew 
  Abstract: Globalisation has paved the way for many apparel brands to seize the opportunities of selling their goods not only to worldwide consumers but also reap the competitive advantage of manufacturing globally. Disclosure of country of origin (country where apparel is manufactured/where substantial part of manufacturing takes place) information has now become mandatory in the majority of the prominent retail markets. COO thus becomes a visible cue and fundamental in explaining the consumer's behaviour in a globalised marketplace. COO acts as a surrogate of mark of quality, which would then influence the consumer's predisposition towards these products. The study offers theoretical and managerial implications, as apparel brands can gauge in better understanding of consumer preferences for apparels manufactured in different countries based on consumer's perceived country images. Using this study, brands can develop their strategy based on the differentiating factors and use them as a leverage to enter the Indian market.
  Keywords: country of origin; manufacturing country image; apparel; Indian consumer.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10049766
   
  
• Bibliometric review of research in mergers and acquisitions in business finance  
  by Harshika Jain, Reena Nayyar 
  Abstract: This study aimed at highlighting the progress of research in the field of mergers and acquisitions (M&As), especially in the area of business finance. In this study, bibliometric analysis was conducted on 442 articles in the field of M&As in business finance area from 1968-2020 by employing bibliometric and citation network analysis. Previous studies have focused comprehensively on areas such as organisation and strategic management. This study was the first to focus on business finance and also focused on the history of M&As research and country-wise studies in the field of M&As. The evolution of M&As research in different countries, co-citation, and bibliographic coupling between different works and countries, highlight the progress of research in M&As. It was observed that the subjects of exploration advanced over the timeframe and research pattern was acquiring pace in developing nations, which additionally led to the rise of new points for research.
  Keywords: bibliometric analysis; mergers and acquisitions; M&As; target; acquirer; review; bidder.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10049791
   
  
• Pricing mechanisms of petroleum products implemented during the post APM period in India: an analysis  
  by Pallakshi Bordoloi 
  Abstract: Several structural changes have taken place in the pricing system of major petroleum products in the Indian petroleum industry since its origin. The administered pricing mechanism (APM) was a remarkable change that has taken place in the history of the Indian petroleum industry for determining petroleum product prices. The development and economic condition of this industry is an important matter of national interest. Rapid globalisation and a fast changing economic environment brought enormous opportunities for the oil companies in India to prosper and spread out their operations globally. The objective of this paper is to critically discuss the pricing mechanisms followed during pre and post APM period and to find out the logic of implementing import parity pricing (IPP), export parity pricing (EPP) and trade parity pricing (TPP) mechanisms during post APM period.
  Keywords: pricing; petroleum products; administered pricing mechanism; APM; import parity pricing; IPP; export parity pricing; EPP; trade parity pricing; TPP; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10049758
   
  
• Prioritising factors of retention for information technology professionals: an application of multi-criteria decision-making technique  
  by Arti Gupta 
  Abstract: Considering the higher turnover rate of information technology (IT) professionals and retention issues, the aim of this paper is to reveal the employees' perception of organisational, social and job-related factors affecting their decision to stay in the current job. This study not only assesses the important factors but also prioritises those factors which influence an employee's decision to remain associated with the organisation. A hierarchal structural framework (HSF) of the employee's decision-making regarding intention to stay on the job is proposed in this study. Additionally, it fulfils the gap and enriches the existing literature related to enhancing the employees' decision to remain in the organisation with reference to IT professionals. This study utilised AHP technique, which represents a novelty in the literature of employee retention. A hierarchy of employees' decision framework (HSF) is developed based on their priority to the factor.
  Keywords: analytical hierarchy process; AHP; employee turnover; intention to stay; multi-criteria decision-making technique; software professionals.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJICBM.2022.10050231