International Journal of Global Warming (22 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• Review of Moisture Swing Sorbents for Carbon Dioxide Capture from Ambient Air  
  by Weishu Wang, Xiangxin Zhang, Jun Liu, Chenyang Liang, Jingzun Niu, Feiyue Wang 
  Abstract: This article reviews the current research status of moisture swing sorbents for CO2 capture in the air. Moisture swing sorbents are a new type of adsorbent with water as the main energy source. It can directly capture CO2 in the air, reduce the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, break through traditional thermal and temperature regeneration methods, and provide a new approach to alleviate global warming. This material has been extensively studied by researchers in the past two decades. The development of high adsorption capacity materials is the key to their large-scale application. Therefore, this review aims to introduce the preparation methods of moisture swing sorbents and the key factors affecting their CO2 adsorption and desorption performance, in order to promote further research and development of moisture swing sorbents.
  Keywords: Direct air capture;Moisture swing sorbents;CO2 adsorption;CO2 desorption.
  
  
• Effects of Heat Waves Determined by Different Definitions on Mortality Rate in Southeast T  
  by Hazal Cansu Culpan, Tuba Rastgeldi Dogan, Gunay Can 
  Abstract: The present study aims to examine the effect of heat waves (HW) determined by different definitions on mortality rate in anliurfa between 20102019. The HW determined by 95th percentile and excess heat factor (EHF) increased the mortality rate and caused 55 excess deaths in ten days and 129 excess deaths in 26 days, respectively. Four HW were observed by percentile method while four more HW were determined with EHF. This study suggests that health impacts differ as the definition of HW changes. To conduct prospective studies during HW may help to find the most appropriate definition for local conditions.
  Keywords: climate change; heat wave; excess heat factor; EHF; mortality rate; Türkiye.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGW.2024.10058377
   
  
• Extracting Sustainable Design Strategies for Hot Arid Regions from Vernacular Desert Architecture; a Case Study of Jordon  
  by Siba Awawdeh 
  Abstract: This study examines vernacular architecture in Jordans desert region, aiming to identify sustainable strategies employed by our ancestors to tackle this regions challenges. It addresses the encroachment of urbanisation on limited agricultural land and explores historical urban settlements in the Jordanian desert, focusing on Jawa and Umm el-Jimal. The study classifies extracted sustainable strategies into three levels: strategic selection of suitable urbanisation sites, meticulous planning to ensure access to water, food, and improved microclimate, and building design considering environmental, functional, and social needs. To fully harness this regions potential, fostering collaboration among diverse stakeholders and conducting further research is crucial.
  Keywords: Desert Architecture; Hot Arid Region; Jordan; Sustainable Design; Umm el-Jimal; Vernacular Architecture.
  
  
• Spatio-temporal pattern estimation of anthropogenic CH4 emissions: A comparative study between Yangtze River Basin and Yellow River Basin, China  
  by Tian Chen, Jinghu Pan 
  Abstract: Methane (CH4) is gaining more attention as the second most important greenhouse gas. In this paper, anthropogenic CH4 emissions from the Yangtze and Yellow River basins in 2009, 2014 and 2019 were estimated using a bottom-up approach and analyse the spatiotemporal distribution. The results show that: 1) the total anthropogenic CH4 emissions in the two basins increased from 31.45 Tg to 33.25 Tg. The average annual emissions in the Yangtze basin are lower than those in the Yellow River basin; 2) CH4 emission sources are mainly coal mining and rice cultivation, they are the largest emission sources in the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins respectively; 3) the spatial distribution of regions with medium and high emissions tends to be concentrated. High per capita CH4 emissions and emission intensity occur in cities dominated by livestock and industry. The low value is found in cities with high urbanisation levels.
  Keywords: anthropogenic CH4 emission; remote sensing estimation; greenhouse gases; spatio-temporal pattern; spatialisation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGW.2024.10058560
   
  
• Dynamic Assessment and Prediction of Maize Drought Hazard in Liaoning Province under the Background of Climate Change  
  by Rina Wu, Yue Yang, Xueming Li 
  Abstract: As the climate warms, the safety of maize production in Liaoning Province has been jeopardised by the increasing occurrence of droughts. In the study, starting with the hazard factors of drought disaster risk, a comprehensive drought index and drought assessment model in Liaoning Province are constructed through the Maxent model. Eventually, the study will predict the maize drought disaster hazard under different scenarios. The results show that: 1) the drought frequency and severity have increased. And they are commonly distributed spatially, with high drought frequency and severity in the northwest and low in the southeast; 2) the drought hazard varies according to the area, and the northwest is more vulnerable to drought than the southeast; 3) the drought hazard for 20202100 is more prevalent in northwest Liaoning compared to the southeast. The results can serve as a theoretical foundation and scientific direction for guaranteeing food security in Liaoning Province.
  Keywords: climate change; maize; drought disaster; hazard assessment; estimate.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGW.2024.10058599
   
  
• Drinking Water quality detection using Genetic Neural network  
  by Isaac Sajan R, Bibin Christopher, Akhila T. S, Joselin Kavitha M 
  Abstract: Physical, chemical, and biological properties influence water quality. It assesses water treatment compliance versus standards. Most water quality standards assess ecosystem health, human safety, water pollution, and drinking water. Water quality affects supply. Microbial, chemical, and radioactive pollutants may damage drinking water. Drinking water pollution may affect babies, young children, pregnant women, the elderly, and those with impaired immune systems. Before consuming water, check its purity. Monitoring ensures water quality and identifies issues. Real-time ML algorithms may identify drinking water quality issues. Water quality may be checked continually and issues rectified immediately. This safeguards public health and drinking water. They may thereby improve water quality assessments. The MinMaxScaler class pre-processes data for our evolutionary neural network drinking water quality method. Also label encoding. The experiment yielded the best answer and 93% fitness function.
  Keywords: genetic neural network; machine learning; neural networks; drinking water quality.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGW.2024.10058704
   
  
• Tripartite Evolutionary Game and Simulation Analysis of Governments, Enterprises, and Consumers Under a Carbon-generalized System of Preferences  
  by Yunchen Qian, Ting Yue 
  Abstract: China's pilot carbon-generalised system of preferences reflects its commitment to net-zero transition. To understand market development under this system, we built an evolutionary game model involving governments, enterprises, and consumers. Using MATLAB and SciPy, we conducted experimental analyses and numerical simulations that considered uncertainty in consumers' purchasing behaviour. The results highlight six key factors influencing the game among three players. By considering these factors, we constructed a green market governance mechanism based on constraint, market, and reverse-forcing mechanisms. Emphasising fair benefit distribution across time periods promotes cooperation and environmental justice, leading to green market development.
  Keywords: green market; carbon emissions trading; purchasing behaviour; evolutionary game; Python; policy efficiency.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGW.2024.10058930
   
  
• A new experimental design to predict carbon dioxide emissions using Boruta feature selection and hybrid support vector regression techniques  
  by Pelin Ak?n, Fatih Cemrek 
  Abstract: The problem of CO2 emissions is a critical environmental problem for all countries. Countries want to continue to grow by striking a balance between energy and carbon emissions. This study aims to estimate the CO2 emissions of the G7 countries with a new experimental design. This approach combines hybrid SVR with Boruta feature selection. In order to compare this model, three scenarios are built up. This new experimental approach is the first possible situation. The first scenario is this new experimental design. In the second scenario, only the hybrid SVR is implemented without feature selection. In the third scenario, only SVR was applied. The models are compared with the error terms. The best model is the first scenario with the smallest error values. G7 countries’ CO2 emissions and forecast values are close for 2019 and 2020 with the first scenario. Consequently, the CO2 emission of G7 countries can be predicted by a model for the future period.
  Keywords: hybrid support vectors; CO2 emission; Boruta feature selection; genetic algorithm; GA.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGW.2024.10058931
   
  
• Biological Sulfur Production Potential of Local Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria Culture and Thioalkalivibrio versutus AL2 in Haloalkaliphilic Conditions  
  by Dogukan Tunay, Bestamin Ozkaya 
  Abstract: Sulphur used for industrial purposes is very difficult to recover after it has passed from the terrestrial environment to the aquatic environment. In this case, sulphur-oxidizing and sulphur-reducing bacteria play a major role in the recovery of sulphur. Especially, sulphur-oxidizing bacteria can be operated with high growth rates under extreme conditions at high salinity, high pH, and low temperatures. In the study, local strains isolated from the soda lake and Thioalkalivibrio versutus AL2 strain were compared in terms of substrate uptake rate, sulphur conversion rate, and sulphur production rate. Enriched culture showed better substrate uptake rate (47.3
  Keywords: sulphur recovery; haloalkaliphilic; soda lake; sulphur oxidation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGW.2024.10059168
   
  
• Variations of Solar Induced Fluorescence, Total primary productivity, and Carbon Dioxide Over California wildfires  
  by Ziyue Hu, Jinye Zhang, Xulong Wu, Chang Xu, Ruibei Liu, Hui Lv 
  Abstract: Since 2015, the climate in California has become increasingly dry and wildfires have occurred frequently, causing great damage to the environment. To explore the environmental impact of wildfires in California, the Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) of the Global Drought Monitor was used in this study to identify drought events and characterise their degree of drought. The effects of drought on vegetation growth were studied using total primary productivity (GPP) and solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF). Carbon dioxide (CO2) retrieved by the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2(OCO-2) satellite was also used to study the effects of forest fires on the atmosphere. SIF and GPP showed a trend of fluctuation and decrease, while CO2 showed a trend of steady increase. These results show that wildfires have greatly damaged California's air quality and ecological environment.
  Keywords: wildfire; SPEI; global warming; solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence; SIF; California; CO2; GPP.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGW.2024.10059261
   
  
• Carbon footprint and oxygen footprint assessment of hemp yarn  
  by Junran Liu, Xin Li, Ying Zhang, Lirong Sun, Qianwen Huang, Lisha Zhu, Laili Wang 
  Abstract: Oxygen and carbon dioxide play crucial roles in the earth’s environment and human health. However, for the textile industry, few studies focus on the carbon footprint and oxygen footprint of plant-derived fibres. As a result, in this study, a method was presented for calculating the oxygen production and consumption from hemp cultivation phase to yarn production phase. The results indicate that spinning phase contributes the greatest carbon emission (86.4%) and oxygen consumption (88.01%), followed by the crop cultivation phase (8.94% and 8.27%) and fibre extraction phase (4.62% and 3.72%). Additionally, the crop cultivation phase has positive impacts to mitigating climate change by sequestrating carbon (4.0733 kg CO2) and releasing oxygen (2.9624 kg O2). The results obtained in this study can provide methodological and technical guidance for estimating carbon footprint and oxygen footprint transferred from plant-derived fibre crops to textile products.
  Keywords: carbon footprint; oxygen footprint; hemp; bast fibre; plant-derived fibre; textile industry.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGW.2024.10059271
   
  
• The Impact of Global Climate Change on Upper Euphrates Basin Temperature Data  
  by Alp Buğra AYDIN, Rojhat ERGUVEN 
  Abstract: The climate has been changing throughout history; this change is accelerating with the addition of natural causes as well as human-caused causes. Scientists have used some trend analysis methods to predict possible future consequences of climate change. In this study, Mann-Kendall, Spearman's Rho and IPTA methods were used and the effect of climate change on the temperature values of the provinces in the Upper Euphrates Basin in Turkey was investigated. According to the results, there are multiple trends in all stations, and the IPTA method is more sensitive compared to the other two methods.
  Keywords: Climate; IPTA; Temperature; Trend; Upper Euphrates.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGW.2024.10059272
   
  
• Perceptions of Agriculture-related Agencies and Farmers in the Malaysian Borneo on Climate Change: An Exploratory Qualitative Study  
  by Kuok Ho Daniel Tang, Rex Uzonna Ukaejiofo, Shorna Allred 
  Abstract: This study qualitatively examines how the farmers and agriculture-related agencies in Malaysian Borneo perceived and adapted to climate change, and the challenges faced. A total of 21 in-depth focus group interviews were conducted. The field interview notes were transcribed verbatim, thematically analysed and coded. The respondents generally perceived a warming climate with irregular rainfall, unpredictable weather patterns and extreme weather events. Some viewed climate change as a new norm and an act of God. The major impacts perceived were shoreline erosion, flooding, phenological changes and affected crops. The actions taken consisted of sustainable agriculture, modern farming, competence building, planting of resilient crop varieties, provision of support and conservation, though they were not intended as adaptations to climate change. The challenges noted were the uncertainty of climate change, the lack of information and infrastructure, and the more pressing impacts of other development.
  Keywords: climate actions; agriculture; Sarawak; impacts; adaptation; challenges.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGW.2024.10059656
   
  
• Climate change impacts on agriculture: aggregate and sectoral evidence using the ARDL approach in Benin, West Africa  
  by Lucres Imelda Ke-Tindagbeme Dossa, Muhammad Khalid Bashir, Sarfraz Hassan, Khalid Mushtaq 
  Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the effect of global warming on agricultural production in Benin between 1990 and 2019. Our research using the ARDL bounds method suggests that carbon dioxide emissions positively affect agriculture and its subsectors in the short run. However, its impact is negative in the long-term except for fishery. In both runs, rainfall positively affects agriculture and crops but negatively affects livestock. It has no impact on fishery. Temperature has a detrimental impact on agriculture and crops in the short run but a positive effect on livestock. Its effect on livestock is non-significant.
  Keywords: agricultural production; Benin; climate change.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGW.2024.10060055
   
  
• System Dynamics Model and Discrete-Event Simulation of Green Logistics Cases for the Electric Bus Industries  
  by Berrak Erol Nalbur, Ozcan Yavas 
  Abstract: Within the scope of this study, the effect of green logistics activities of companies that manufactures electric buses using system dynamics (SD) and discrete event simulation (DES) models were investigated. Hybrid research was carried out using Vensim® software for the SD model, whereas Arena® simulation was for the DES model. When the results are examined, milk-run applications can provide a >90% reduction to the company’s scope 3 carbon emissions, while reverse logistics applications provide a 22% reduction. Additionally, 2% was found to be the influence of green logistics activities on the corporate carbon footprint of the electric bus company.
  Keywords: sustainability management; green logistics; SD model; DES model; electricity vehicles; carbon footprint.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGW.2024.10060099
   
  
• Modelling the Combined Impact of Population Density and its Precursor on Forest Resources  
  by Sandhya Mangala, Shalini Sharma, Yogendra Rajoria, Deepak Chikara 
  Abstract: The rapid growth of human populations and their associated activities have exerted significant pressure on forest resources worldwide. Understanding the complex relationship between population density and its precursors is crucial for effective forest resource management and sustainable development. In this paper, a comprehensive study aims to model the combined impact of population density and its precursors on forest resources. By integrating demographic data, land-use patterns, and environmental factors, we develop a holistic approach to assess the effects of human population dynamics on forest ecosystems. It is noted for its contribution to informing policy decisions and management strategies that promote the conservation and sustainable use of forest resources in the face of population growth.
  Keywords: population; density; forest resources; deforestation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGW.2024.10060144
   
  
• Impact of Climate Change on Extreme Precipitation Events over Sumatera Island and the Malay Peninsula  
  by Amalia Nurlatifah, Rahaden Bagas Hatmaja, Fildzah Adany, Aulia Darojatun 
  Abstract: Increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme climate events due to climate change is something that must be mitigated. This study aims to describe the impact of climate change on extreme rainfall in the island of Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula. The method used in this research is dynamical downscaling of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) with conformal cubic atmospheric model (CCAM). Climate change data projection using recent concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 scenario. The Malay Peninsula is predicted to experience shorter consecutive dry days (CDD) in 20212050 when compared to 19912020. The southern part of Sumatra is predicted to experience longer CDD in 20212050. The West Coast of Sumatra and the inland Malay Peninsula are predicted to experience less heavy rain days (R20mm) in 20212050. The West Coast of Sumatera has maximum amount of rainfall in 1 day (RX1day) exceeding 100 mm in 20212050.
  Keywords: climate change; extreme rainfall; consecutive dry days; CDD; R20mm; RX1day.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGW.2024.10060559
   
  
• Recent Developments on Open Thermochemical Energy Storage towards Decarbonized Building Space Heating and Cooling  
  by Asli Akyol Inada, Marzieh Rezaei, Devrim Aydin 
  Abstract: Thermal energy storage (TES) is one of the key technologies to achieve sustainability and mitigate the global warming impact. Among the all TES methods, thermochemical energy storage (TCES) presents promising features including relatively high energy density and long term heat storage potential. Accordingly, this study presents an overview with a focus on reaction and sorption-based open TCES systems. Within the study, material, reactor and process integration aspects of open TCES systems both for heating and cooling applications are evaluated. This study could provide important insights on future development of TCES materials and technologies.
  Keywords: thermochemical energy storage; heating; cooling; salt; solar energy; sorption; dissolution; reactor; process.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGW.2024.10060563
   
  
• Transforming Blackwater from Multi-Storey Residential Buildings: A Sustainable and Novel Closed-Loop Approach to Reusable Water and Biogas  
  by Venkata Sai Policherla, K. Srinivas Reddy 
  Abstract: One of the most challenging issues in underdeveloped nations is the treatment of domestic blackwater. This study adopts environmentally conscious solar ETC powered MED technology to treat wastewater and biogas digester for handling human waste. This study proposes an integrated solution for a 100-family neighbourhood, processing 3,900 litres of wastewater and 160 kg of faeces each day. In April, the MED unit achieves a 49.25% recovery rate during 5 hours/day operation, yielding 13.22 tonnes of distillate annually. It also generates 1,875.37 kg methane and 55.27 tonnes of organic fertiliser each year. System performance is analysed using a MATLAB R2020a-based mathematical model.
  Keywords: domestic waste; multi-effect distillation; MED; reusable water; biogas digester; fertiliser; decentralised unit.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGW.2024.10060569
   
  
• Climate Change Risk Assessment of Rainfall and Temperature in the West Bank, Palestine  
  by Sameer Shadeed, Sandy Alawna 
  Abstract: Risk assessment of climate change in the West Bank was evaluated at various return periods given the available rainfall and temperature data for 1997 to 2020 from six weather stations. Results show that the West Bank rainfall and temperatures will be increased due to climate change’s potential impacts. The rainfall in Jenin and Nablus will be highly affected by climate change whereas Jericho and Jerusalem temperatures will be highly increased due to climate change impact. The obtained results are of high value and could be used by decision makers to develop proper climate change adaptation strategies in Palestine.
  Keywords: climate change; risk; West Bank; rainfall; temperature.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGW.2024.10060637
   
  
• The pandemic's sustainability windfall: a case study of COVID-19 restrictions on electricity demand patterns and sustainable development goals  
  by Parisa Heidarnejad, Hadi Genceli, Mustafa Asker, ZEHRA YUMURTACI 
  Abstract: In this paper, the pattern of daily electricity demand mid- and post-pandemic eras relative to 2019 was investigated for Turkey and the total reduction of 9% in electricity demand from April to July 2020 in comparison to the same period in 2019 was monitored. Also, as a result of public behaviour changes, the electric demand of the service sector dropped by about 5.9%, 28.4%, 6.8%, and 5.8% during the first, second, third, and fourth quarters of 2020 in comparison to 2019. The electricity load was transferred from the service sector to the household sector in all four quarters of 2020. Eventually, the phasing out of measures on July 1, 2021, the electricity consumption of the service sector during the second half of the year improved to 31.11 TWh from 3.09 TWh during the same period in 2020. On the other hand, to comprehend the socio-economic effects of the pandemic, the variation of four indicators of sustainable development goals during the last 20 years was assessed and discussed for world, the UAS, OECD countries and Turkey.
  Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic; electricity demand; lockdown; social behaviour; sustainable development; Turkey.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGW.2024.10060714
   
  
• Is it trustworthy to use GCMs data for future climatic predictions?  
  by Jatinder Kaur, Prabhjyot Kaur, S.S. Sandhu, Shivani Kothiyal 
  Abstract: The temperature and rainfall output from general circulation models (GCMs) is being widely used in climate change studies. But, is it correct to assume that the outputs from these GCMs, even after appropriate bias removal are giving a true picture of the climate change projections? So, a study was conducted to compare the simulated temperature and rainfall of four models (CSIRO-Mk3-6-0, FIO-ESM, GISS-E2-R and IPSL-CM5A-MR) with actual observed data during five years (20172021) period. The comparison was conducted during the summer (MarchMay), monsoon (JuneSeptember), post monsoon (OctoberNovember) and winter (DecemberFebruary) season under two representative concentration pathway scenarios (RCP 4.5 and 6.0) at agroclimatic zone (AZ) I (Gurdaspur), II (Ballowal Saunkhri), III (Ludhiana), IV (Bathinda) and V (Faridkot). The analysis revealed that both overestimation and underestimation was observed for simulated temperature (maximum: Tmax and minimum: Tmin) and rainfall (RF) over monthly, annual and seasonal time scale.
  Keywords: agroclimatic zones; AZ; general circulation models; GCMs; historical data; temperature; rainfall; RCPs.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGW.2024.10060746