International Journal of Global Environmental Issues (10 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• Psychological and structural barriers to scope 3 emission reduction: the role of organisational inertia, cognitive biases and social norms  
  by Syeda Tayyaba Ijaz, Saira Ishfaq 
  Abstract: This research explores the psychological and structural factors influencing the adoption of scope 3 emission reduction measures. It examines how organisational inertia, stemming from culture, structure, and resources, can hinder efforts to meet scope 3 emissions targets involving value chain partners. The study highlights the role of cognitive biases, such as status quo, anchoring, and confirmation biases, in shaping organisational decision making. It also analyses how internal norms and industry peer influences affect sustainability practices. By integrating these psychological and structural factors, the research offers insights into the barriers businesses face in reducing emissions and provides practical guidance for overcoming these challenges. This study contributes to business sustainability by proposing a contextualised multi-level approach to enhance scope 3 emission reduction strategies.
  Keywords: scope 3 emission reduction; organisational inertia; cognitive biases; sustainability management; social norms; environmental psychology.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGENVI.2026.10077013
   
  
• Advancements and challenges in bird migration models: a comprehensive survey  
  by Prajakta Prakash Musale, Shilpa Snehal Sonawani 
  Abstract: Bird migration is a critical natural process that supports ecosystem stability and species conservation. This study explores the use of machine learning and deep learning models to predict bird migration patterns, focusing on their application in conservation efforts, habitat preservation, and climate change adaptation. With Indias diverse ecosystems providing critical habitats for numerous bird species, predicting migration patterns is key to effective wildlife management. A review of over 50 studies on bird migration prediction highlights methodological approaches, challenges, and observation results, emphasising the need for reliable forecasting models. These models can help reduce risks such as bird strikes in urban development and inform climate change policies. The findings demonstrate the potential of predictive technologies to support global efforts in conserving migratory species and understanding ecosystem dynamics.
  Keywords: bird migration prediction; machine learning; deep learning; hybrid model; other model.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGENVI.2026.10079112
   
  
• Does carbon disclosure enhance corporate financial and carbon emission performance? An international enquiry  
  by Leo Themjung Makan, Kailash Chandra Kabra 
  Abstract: The primary focus of this research is to examine the impact of carbon disclosure on firms financial performance and carbon emissions performance, which has been sporadically examined in the extant literature. The data employed for the study includes 138 international firms over the period of 2014 to 2020. Based on the result Breusch-Pagan Lagrange multiplier and Hausman specification test, the study employed random effect regression to examine the relationships. Carbon disclosure has a favourable effect on firms financial performance for large international firms indicating the usefulness of such reporting in gaining competitive advantages. The results also demonstrate that such disclosure is also useful for management in improving carbon performance in the long run. The findings of the research provide valuable implications to management and other key stakeholders and contribute to the emerging carbon accounting literature.
  Keywords: climate change; carbon disclosure; carbon emission; financial performance; climate responsibility.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGENVI.2026.10079184
   
  
• RSPO supply chain misalignment: mill-level bottlenecks and smallholder inclusion  
  by Hidemi Yoshida, Mikiko Sugiura 
  Abstract: The roundtable on sustainable palm oil (RSPO) promotes sustainability through market-based certification, yet smallholder participation remains limited. This study examines whether limited uptake of RSPO supply chain certification (SCC) at the mill level constrains smallholder inclusion. Using certification data from Indonesia and Malaysia, company-level supplier records, and qualitative field evidence from West Kalimantan, the analysis identifies supply chain misalignment between farm certification and certified downstream channels. While large plantations show substantially higher certification rates, a majority of mills remain uncertified, limiting smallholders access to physically certified markets. Field evidence further shows that the book and claim (B&C) model only partially compensates for this gap under prevailing trading conditions. The findings suggest that mill bottlenecks arise from uneven market incentives and broader institutional misalignment across certification stages.
  Keywords: RSPO certification; smallholders; palm oil; supply chain certification; SCC; sustainability governance; traceability; market incentives; institutional misalignment; Indonesia; Malaysia.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGENVI.2026.10079469
   
  
• Disaster management knowledge among the students of higher education institution in the coastal Bangladesh  
  by Md. Ashiqur Rahman, Md. Abubakkor Siddik, Farhana Akter Akhi 
  Abstract: This study investigates the disaster management knowledge of students at Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU), Bangladesh. An intensive survey, including informal interviews and open-ended questionnaires, was conducted among 228 undergraduate students from various faculties. Results showed a poor understanding of the cyclonic disaster management including the cyclone preparedness programme (CPP) and its functions and warning signals. Faculty of environmental science and disaster management (ESDM) students demonstrated better knowledge compared to other faculties. Overall, knowledge on disaster management stages, i.e., mitigation, preparation, response, and recovery was not at a satisfactory level. Only one-sixth of students believed the country had achieved success in the disaster management process. The study identified various strategies to improve disaster preparedness and explored ways to expand disaster education. Findings may help to revise PSTUs curriculum and inform other universities in Bangladesh and disaster-prone regions globally.
  Keywords: disaster; cyclone; cyclone preparedness programme; CPP; knowledge; university student.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGENVI.2026.10079583
   
  
• Inhibiting factors for construction waste management: Indonesian contractors’ perspective  
  by Seng Hansen, Ferdinand Fassa, Ivana Marcella Sumar 
  Abstract: Construction waste continues to increase. On the other hand, implementing construction waste management as part of sustainable development still poses a significant challenge in Indonesia. This research aims to identify inhibiting factors for construction waste management in Indonesia. It uses a quantitative survey approach, with primary data collected via a structured questionnaire distributed to contractors in Indonesia; 105 responses were deemed valid for analysis. Data were analysed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to identify the factor structure. The analysis identified 19 inhibiting factors grouped into four latent factors: institutional issues, technical challenges, policy weaknesses, and key project considerations. Among these factors, the extra cost and extra time are the two most critical hindrances to the effectiveness of construction waste management in Indonesia. The findings provide a deeper empirical understanding of the main obstacles to construction waste management in Indonesia.
  Keywords: construction waste management; contractors; factor analysis; inhibiting factors; sustainability; Indonesia.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGENVI.2026.10079702
   
  

Special Issue on: The Impact and Implications of Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) on Global Trade

• Why the CPTPP could be an impetus for the new globalisation  
  by Dimos Chatzinikolaou, Charis Vlados 
  Abstract: This paper investigates the comprehensive and progressive agreement for trans-pacific partnership (CPTPP) as a potential driving force for the emerging phase of globalisation, termed the new globalisation. It introduces the new globalisation scenario matrix (NGSM) to assess the CPTPPs role within this framework. Our study finds that the CPTPP aligns with a medium-high performance scenario, notably emphasising environmental regulations that both counter climate change and anticipate challenges arising from increased cross-border trade and enhanced regional integration. As the world navigates pressing challenges today, the CPTPP emerges as a potentially important player, promoting trade liberalisation while upholding environmental protection, and pointing the way for future international accords.
  Keywords: CPTPP; new globalisation; environmental regulations; trade liberalisation; evolutionary structural triptych; EST; new globalisation scenario matrix; NGSM; International Political Economy; IPE.
  
  
• Unpacking Japans informal leadership in the trans-pacific partnership/comprehensive and progressive agreement for trans-pacific partnership  
  by Siti Darwinda Mohamed Pero, Muhammad Ali Ridha Norman, O.K. Mohammad Fajar Ikhsan, Shazwanis Shukri, Zain Maulana 
  Abstract: The comprehensive and progressive agreement for trans-pacific partnership (CPTPP), which came into effect on December 30, 2018, is described as a cutting-edge trade agreement. Despite the USA’ withdrawal and subsequent minor modifications made to the previous iteration of the agreement, known as the trans-pacific partnership (TPP), the CPTPP continues to be a catalyst for transformation. This paper aims to assess Japan’s informal leadership roles, particularly after the USA chose to exit the agreement. Through document analysis, this study presents its findings on Japan’s informal leadership roles in maintaining and advancing the CPTPP’s agenda. The findings reveal that, thus far, Japan has effectively exercised its informal leadership in two instances: first, in leading the CPTPP when the USA abandoned the agreement, and second, in facilitating the accession of potential new member states to this mega free trade agreement.
  Keywords: Japan leadership; informal leadership; regionalism; multilateral trade agreement; TPP/CPTP.
  
  
• Free trade and the new regionalism: ASEAN participation in the comprehensive and progressive agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership  
  by Francisco A. Magno, Susan Nashra R. Kurdli 
  Abstract: This article examines the development of the position of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) regarding participation in the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). The benefits and costs of participation are assessed in the context of engagement in other free trade agreements like the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). It is also weighed against ASEANs capacity as a neo-middle power that could proactively contribute towards stabilising an increasingly multi-polar world amid the rise of new regionalism. To contextualise how the positions of individual ASEAN countries might differ, this article considers the implications for the Philippines of joining the agreement.
  Keywords: Philippines; Association of Southeast Asian Nations; ASEAN; CPTPP; Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership; RCEP; free trade agreement; new regionalism; middle-power diplomacy; global stability; multipolar world.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGENVI.2025.10079701
   
  
• Complementarities and competitiveness in Indias trade with Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement: what can be explored?  
  by Sandeep Kaur, Harpreet Singh 
  Abstract: Since India is not a member of TPPA, the present paper attempts to study the complementarities in production and trade between India and TPPA member countries. The study found that Indias export and import markets within TPPA are diversifying. Indias trade balance with all TPPA countries except Singapore and Vietnam remains negative for most of the years of the study period. However, in recent years, India experienced a negative trade balance with both countries. In 2022, Indias exports to Canada, Mexico, and New Zealand increased more than imports and had a positive trade balance with these countries. Since most of the TPPA members have comparative advantages in products similar to India. Malaysia, Vietnam, Brunei, and Peru have comparative advantages in rice, textile yarn crustaceans, mollusks, and aquatic invertebrates, which are competitive for India. In contrast, other TPPA countries have a comparative advantage in mining and petroleum products, which can complement Indias trade. Therefore, India needs to explore its markets accordingly. Additionally, India should focus on other bilateral agreements as it has vast potential in the service trade, such as information technology. Moreover, there is a need to strengthen the trade ties with existing Indian FTAs.
  Keywords: trade; India; revealed comparative advantage; GDP; complementarities.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGENVI.2025.10079744