International Journal of Critical Computer-Based Systems (5 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• Enhancing IoMT Security: Spotted Hyena Optimised Bi-Layered Attention Adaptive Recurrent Network for Intrusion Detection  
  by Smiley Gandhi, Santosh Kumar, Poongodi T, Sampath Kumar K. 
  Abstract: Intrusion detection is essential to computer and network security because it detects unauthorised or malicious activity. It monitors and analyses network or system activity in real-time to alert or act on suspicious. Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) uses intrusion detection and attack detection systems to protect medical devices, healthcare systems, and patient data from cyberattacks. Researcher introduces a new IoMT-supported Spotted Hyena Optimized Bi-Layered Attention Adaptive Recurrent Network (SHO-BAARNN) for intrusion detection. The Spotted Hyena Optimization (SHO) is used to adjust model parameters for better robustness and efficiency when processing IoMT data. The adaptive recurrent network enables real-time intrusion detection, while the BAARNN structure offers dual attention techniques to selectively focus on important data aspects. The incorporation of optimisation, attention mechanisms, and recurrent networks, among other practical implications, makes it an effective tool for real-time detection of intrusions, providing improved security for sensitive healthcare data and medical equipment.
  Keywords: Intrusion detection; Internet of Medical Things (IoMT); Packet level features; Correlation-based feature selection; SHO-BAARNN.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJCCBS.2025.10072314
   
  
• An analysis of secure software delivery validation using Blockchain  
  by Prabadevi Boopathy, Mayank Kumar, Malathy Batumalay 
  Abstract: Due to a lack of security in the supply chain of the software delivery process, the proposed method aims to address the challenges encountered during software delivery and mitigate the attack surface of software supply chain attacks. Blockchain technology establishes trust by verifying software packages and their developers, thereby achieving this goal, reducing the risk of executing malicious or compromised software. The proof of security is rooted in the immutable nature of blockchain. This feature provides a tamperproof record of software developers and the packages they publish, instilling a high level of trust in the verification process. The system holds the promise of a future where organisations can confidently verify the identity of software developers, allowing them to trust only the software from vendors they trust. When a tampered package enters the delivery process, the installation checks will promptly detect the compromise, leading to the failure of the attack chain.
  Keywords: Blockchain; software validation; identity; software delivery; supply chain.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJCCBS.2025.10074842
   
  
• Identifying Security Vulnerabilities in Source Code with Safety Verification  
  by Salim Yahia Kissi, Rabéa Ameur Boulifa, Yassamine Seladji 
  Abstract: Ensuring the security of modern software systems is critical due to their increasing complexity and interconnectedness. Despite automated testing and bug-finding efforts, detecting security flaws remains challenging. Most research on software security issues primarily focuses on the source code of programs, neglecting the runtime environment and platforms. Such analyses may overlook problems that arise from the choice of execution machine, exposing them to the risk of missing more significant flaws and obscuring serious vulnerabilities. To address this gap, our approach detects security vulnerabilities, specifically errors in arithmetic operations in C/C++ programs, by analysing both source code and the execution environment. Central to our method is a knowledge base with precise logical formulas describing the impact of the execution environment on program behaviour. This article details how our knowledge base is built and expanded, and how our algorithm transforms vulnerability detection into a satisfiability problem, enabling the use of formal methods.
  Keywords: Formal Analysis; Vulnerabilities detection; Static analysis; Runtime environment specifications.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJCCBS.2025.10075749
   
  
• An Enhanced Test Case Prioritisation with Cyber-Security Detection using CMSANN for Banking or Finance Software  
  by Durga Praveen Deevi, Naga Sushma Allur, Koteswararao Dondapati, Himabindu Chetlapalli, Thinagaran Perumal 
  Abstract: In the Software Development Process, Software Testing executes a program to detect errors. During this process, security attacks may occur, posing significant threats. Incorporating AI into Cybersecurity testing processes can help organizations protect sensitive financial data from unauthorized access. So, this research methodology proposed a CMSANN-based cybersecurity prediction for software testing. Initially, the test cases are generated and prioritized using the WW-ArCa-PA approach in the Banking or Finance Application. Then, it enters the Data Structuring Phase. Data are mapped using AKNMHC and reduced using the HS approach in this phase. Then, the features are extracted and given to the Cyber-security Detection Phase. The Anomaly dataset is given as input, and pre-processing is performed using MVI, Numeralization, and Normalization. After pre-processing, the features are extracted, and then data are balanced using the ACA-CTSYN approach. The balanced data is given to the CMSANN classifier for Cyber security Detection.
  Keywords: Artificial Intelligence;Convolutional Multi-Head Self-improving Attention Neural Network;Waterwheel Arnold's Cat Plant Algorithm;Agglomerative Kernel Normalized Mahalanobis Hierarchical Clustering.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJCCBS.2025.10077285
   
  
• Phishing Attack Detection and Zero Trust-Based Verification for Secure Data Transfer using BTEL-GRU  
  by Rajya Lakshmi Gudivaka, Basava Ramanjaneyulu Gudivaka, Raj Kumar Gudivaka, Dinesh Kumar Reddy Basan, Sri Harsha Grandhi, M.M. Kamruzzaman 
  Abstract: The authentication and access control the user’s data using Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) is necessary to prevent data breaches Initially, user registers into the cloud and here, the hashcode is generated using the Substitution Cipher-based Whirlpool Hashing Algorithm (SC-WHA) Phishing attack detection model, word embedding is done using Kaiming Normalized Xavier-based Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (KNX-BERT) for content extracted from the email dataset, the features are extracted and the dimensionality is reduced using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) The word embedded and reduced features are classified using Bernoulli-dropout TanhExp Logish Gated Recurrent Unit (BTEL-GRU) During testing, the attacked data is blocked, and the non-attacked data is secured using Deltoid Spiral Curve Cryptography (DS-CC) and uploaded to the cloud Hence, in the proposed model, the phishing attack is identified with an Accuracy 98 77586945%, and the multi-factor hashcode verification is done with Hashcode Generation time of 1326ms for secured data transfer.
  Keywords: Zero Trust Architecture; Phishing Attack Detection (PAD); Decentralized User Manage- ment; Data Security; Whirlpool Hashing Algorithm (WHA); Mobile Security System; Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU).
  DOI: 10.1504/IJCCBS.2026.10077743