International Journal of Business Excellence (287 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• CEO duality, board size and firm performance: Evidence in Vietnam  
  by Le Thi My Hanh, Irene Wei Kiong Ting, Qian Long Kweh, Ha Lam Tan Ngo 
  Abstract: From the perspective of the agency and stewardship theories for explaining the relationship between corporate governance and firm performance, this study examines the impacts of CEO duality and board size on the firm performance. We assess the association between CEO duality, board size and firm performance of top 200 companies listed on the Vietnam Stock Exchange (VSE) over 20142015. Our findings show that: 1) CEO duality limits the monitoring function of the board, and a large board size promotes dominance and power of leaders that create more conflicts; 2) the number of executive directors in the top management positively influences firm performance. Findings of our study certainly help policymakers and other stakeholders understand the relationship between CEO duality, board size and firm performance. Overall, this study highlights the CEO duality and the relationship of board size and firm performance in a nation with less protection of minority shareholders.
  Keywords: firm performance; CEO duality; board size; Vietnam.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10031019
   
  
• The Drivers of Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty in Automotive Aftermarket Industry  
  by Jyoti Kumar Chandel, Syed Aulia Mohiuddin, G.P. Mishra 
  Abstract: Global automotive aftermarket industry is witnessing significant developments and disruptions. Hence, automotive companies are constantly looking for better insights of customers and subsequently attempting to design effective marketing strategies. This study attempts to examine drivers of customer satisfaction and loyalty in automotive aftermarket industry. Study also aims to develop model to examine the structural relationships between the constructs of service quality, product quality, price fairness, customer loyalty and customer satisfaction in automotive aftermarket industry using partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Mediating role of customer satisfaction has been examined. Primary data for this study was collected from the customers of automobile service centres through multi-stage sampling in the Sultanate of Oman. Results of model testing have demonstrated high predictive power of the model. Customer satisfaction has been found to be partially mediating in the relationships of service quality and customer loyalty and price fairness and customer loyalty.
  Keywords: service quality; product quality; price fairness; customer loyalty; customer satisfaction; automotive aftermarket.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10031317
   
  
• What Determines Income Diversification of Banking Firms in Pakistan?  
  by Mian Sajid Nazir, Yasir Ashraf, Salah U-Din, Muhammad Shahbaz Yaqoob, Aamer Shahzad 
  Abstract: During the last few decades, an increasing tendency of banks has been observed to move from just financial intermediation activities to such new products and services that produce fee-based incomes. In this regard, literature provides conflicting evidences on the factors that predict non-interest incomes earned by banks. This study explores the determinants of non-interest income of commercial banks in Pakistan. Findings provide evidence that ownership, net interest margin, loan to assets ratio, implicit interest payment, management quality, and ATM have significant influence on non-interest income. Foreign banks are earning more non-interest income than domestic banks, whereas, domestic banks are focusing on conventional function of intermediation. However, this financial intermediation enables these banks to offer fee-based products to both borrowers and depositors that helps in generating non-interest income. Policy makers should consider the factors that drive the competition in the market.
  Keywords: non-interest income; income diversification; ownership; interest margin; management quality.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10031434
   
  
• The Impact of Strategic Planning on the Performance of the Private Corporations in Palestine from the perspective of Balanced Scorecard  
  by Muath Ammar 
  Abstract: This study aims to identify the impact of strategic planning on the performance of private corporations for a model from developing countries. Secondary data were obtained from articles, books, and records. The preliminary data were collected with the help of the questionnaire. The survey included the employees with knowledge in the field of administrative sciences, economics, and people with knowledge and experience in the area of strategic planning for 13 services corporations. The data collected from private corporations were analysed by statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS). The study reached several results, the most important of which is that strategic planning and elements of strategic planning have a positive impact on performance. Also the study showed that there is a difference in the application of strategic planning due to the size of the corporation and the operational period of the corporation.
  Keywords: strategic planning; performance; vision; mission; goals; strategic analysis; strategic option; balance scorecard.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10031693
   
  
• An Analysis of Affecting Factors on Employee's Turnover Intention Thinking: A Case Study  
  by Samaneh Raeesi Nafchi, Mohammad Reza Fathi, Seyed Mohammad Sobhani 
  Abstract: Many managers have found that sustainable competitive advantage in organisations depends on human resources and employees who have been involved in their work and also achieve their personal goals align with organisational goals until the organisation can succeed in the market. Therefore, the issue of staff turnover has overriding importance. This study aims to identify and rank affecting factors causing thoughts and tendencies in employee turnover intentions. In this research, using the review of the background and interview with experts, nine variables were extracted. The statistical population of this research is staffs working at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Among the staffs, 15 staffs were selected using available judgmental sampling method. Finally, based on the results of fuzzy DEMATELs technique, total inventory (C5) is ranked first.
  Keywords: affecting factors; turnover intentions; fuzzy DEMATEL.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10031812
   
  
• Impact of Corporate Governance on Firm Value in the Presence of Earning Quality and Real Earnings Management  
  by Mian Sajid Nazir, Ahmed Shahzad, Muhammad Ali Jibran Qamar, Ammar Abid 
  Abstract: The objective of this study is to investigate how strong corporate governance impact is on firm value in the presence of earning quality and real earning management for public limited firms in Pakistan. Findings of this research are consistent with all hypotheses expounded, significantly mediated, earning quality and moderate, the real earning management between the relationship of corporate governance and a firm value. Firms, who have a strong corporate governance structure, enhance the earning quality and a firm value and control real earning management. The study provides policy implications that strong corporate governance practices are value-oriented for firms, and the government should provide more resources to improve corporate governance practices. Moreover, regulators must ensure that public listed companies disclose the truthful information about financials and corporate governance reports to provide the benefits to the user of financial statements, which ultimately enhance the firm value.
  Keywords: real earnings management; firm value; corporate governance regimes; endogenous switching regression model.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10031827
   
  
• Expatriates and Social Support: Exploring Conceptual Role of Unconscious Bias  
  by Sahiba Sharma, Gyan Prakash 
  Abstract: The necessity of cultural awareness is at priority as categorisation starts at very young age from home, schools and even in higher education. The purpose of this study is to theoretically clarify and conceptualise the role of natives unconscious bias and social categorisation towards expatriates in withdrawing social support. Due to the paucity of studies on the conceptual understanding of the role of unconscious bias, this paper proposes a conceptual framework based on the literature review and extends the existing literature on social categorisation theory. The findings of the study introduce individual factors that may reduce unconscious bias at the workplace and to frame policies based on subjective measures of unconscious bias. Additionally, it bridges the conceptual gap of social support and unconscious bias in the context of expatriates.
  Keywords: natives; expatriates; social categorisation theory; social support; unconscious bias.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10031858
   
  
• The Impact of Cross-functional Integration of Production &Marketing on BTO Competitiveness and Performance  
  by Zhixiang Chen 
  Abstract: This paper is to explore how cross-functional integration of production-marketing can impact the firm’s Build-to-Order (BTO) competitiveness and performance. Meanwhile, from the perspective of organizational governance, examine the moderating effect of ownership types on these interrelationships, and provide managerial implications for practitioners. Empirical study using the structural equation modeling and regression approaches are applied. The survey data supports that PMI improves BTO competitiveness (BTOC) and marketing performance, and BTOC also positively affects marketing outcome, which in turn impacts a firm’s financial performance. The PMI indirectly impacts financial performance by the mediating role of marketing performance. Results show that for Chinese manufacturers, state-owned firms have the lowest PMI performance and poorest BTO competitiveness. The paper uncovers the role of cross-functional integration of production-marketing integration in BTO manufacturing strategy, providing implications for different ownership firms to improve production-marketing integration.
  Keywords: Manufacturing strategy; organizational ownership; production-marketing integration; build-to-order competitiveness; performance; empirical study.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10032111
   
  
• Which effective linkages between women empowerment and economic development in India?  
  by Amina OMRANE, Sudin Bag 
  Abstract: Economic Development without empowerment of women is hardly possible for a developing country like India The present study tries to explore the current scenario of women empowerment in India and sketches the interface between this phenomenon and the economic development of India It is based on the secondary data, which are collected from various reports related to Human Development Index, Election Commission of India, General Register of India, etc Using the statistical data regarding economic development and women empowerment and employing multivariate analysis of variance, the obtained results show that economic development and women empowerment correlates each other in developing countries like India Findings indicate also that the variance explained by women empowerment indicators is higher than the economic development indicators’ one On the basis of the empirical results of this research, it is recommended that women empowerment should be well considered by the competent authorities.
  Keywords: Women empowerment; economic development; multivariate analysis of variance; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10032164
   
  
• DETERMINANTS AND THE CONSEQUENCE OF ADVERTISING SKEPTICISM: A CASE OF POPULAR BRAND OF INSTANT NOODLE  
  by Hotniar Siringoringo, Yuhilza Hanum, Sudaryanto Sudaryanto 
  Abstract: The central interest of the current study was the advertising skepticism. The main goal was to examine the factors trigger advertising skepticism as well as the impact of advertising skepticism on consumer behavior Particularly, we evaluated the effect of media credibility, company reputation (CR), and CSR, on advertising skepticism In addition, the study also aimed to evaluate the effect of advertising skepticism on advertising avoidance, attitude towards advertising, ads credibility, and attitude toward a brand Quasi-experiment was performed in collecting the data, and SEM was used to analyze the data The result indicates that media credibility and CR affected advertising skepticism significantly and negatively but not CSR Similarly, advertising skepticism affected the attitude towards advertising, ads credibility, and attitude toward a brand significantly and negatively Advertising skepticism affected advertising avoidance significantly and positively It was also found the significant and positive effect of CR on Attitude towards advertising.
  Keywords: advertising skepticism; advertising avoidance; attitude towards advertising; attitude towards a brand; advertising credibility; company reputation; CSR; media credibility.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10032251
   
  
• A fourth industrial revolution approach to total quality management on innovation performance: Evidence from South Africa  
  by Sugandren Naidoo 
  Abstract: Although much research on the relationship of TQM practices and innovation performance within manufacturing has been conducted, extant literature from a research perspective is very much lacking. Currently, the Fourth Industrial Revolution (FIR) will continue to drive the strategic research, development and business focus towards strategic investment, geared in the direction of the building of innovation capacities and organisation performance, whilst utilising effective quality management practices. The aim is to examine the impact of total quality management (TQM) practices on innovation performance in a research organisation from a South African context. A multi collinearity test was used to assess the data collected. The results indicate that TQM practices; namely: leadership, customer focus, people management, and strategy display a significant and positive relationship with innovation performance. A distinct benefit is a renewed customer-centric approach which will enable the development, sustainability and enhance organisational strategy for the commercialisation of products and processes.
  Keywords: total quality management; TQM; research organisation; leadership; innovation; performance; strategy; multi-collinearity; South Africa.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10032315
   
  
• EVALUATION OF SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVES FOR RESTAURANTS USING THE FUZZY TOPSIS METHOD  
  by Deoclécio Junior Cardoso Da Silva, Denise Adriana Johann, Jones L. Schaefer, Andrieli De Fátima Nunes, Edio Polacinski, Ranice Hoehr Pedrazzi Pozzer 
  Abstract: The sustainability context has received great attention considering the aspects of the current market. In this context, the objective of this paper is to evaluate sustainable alternatives under the perspective of restaurant managers in a Federal University in Brazil. Using alternatives focused on sustainability in restaurants, it was established an evaluation under the perspective of different managers to determine the alternatives that stand out the most in the sense of boosting restaurants sustainability. Data referring to the alternatives were obtained from restaurant managers, and the best sustainable alternatives were ranked using the fuzzy TOPSIS method. The results showed that the best alternatives were the correct destination and disposal of burnt cooking oil as well as the reduction of food waste. It was also possible to verify that the restaurants are developing good sustainable practices and, with the results, this paper can offer subsidies about sustainability alternatives for restaurant managers.
  Keywords: sustainability in restaurants; fuzzy TOPSIS; sustainable alternatives; sustainability.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10032318
   
  
• Can Islamic banks sustain with a simultaneously strong conventional banking counterpart - A comparative study of financial performance of Islamic and Conventional Banks in Bahrain  
  by SATYA PAVAN KUMAR R, SHEELA PALURI 
  Abstract: Banking sector plays a vital role in the field of finance. Islamic banks show incredible growth across the globe in providing valuable services to the needy as compared to the counterpart of conventional banks. This paper aims to analyse the comparative financial performance of Islamic and conventional banks in Bahrain for a period of ten years from 2007 to 2016. For this purpose, financial ratio analysis tool is used to compare the profitability, liquidity, solvency and efficiency of Islamic banks and conventional banks. The percentage analysis, averages, standard deviation and t test are the statistical techniques employed in this study.
  Keywords: financial performance; Islamic banks; conventional banks; profitability; liquidity; solvency; efficiency; Bahrain.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10032321
   
  
• PRACTICAL GENDER NEEDS ( PGN) AND WOMEN EMPOWERMENT: AN IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF MICROFINANCE  
  by Biswajit Prasad Chhatoi, Sharada Prasad Sahoo, Manoj Kumar Dash 
  Abstract: People at the base of the pyramid are equally interested for socio-economic change through enhanced participation in practical gender needs (PGNs) for their social empowerment. This paper attempts to estimate the impact of microfinance participation on decision making related to PGNs women. This study is exploratory in nature based on primary survey. Using multi-stage sampling, the authors purposefully sampled 660 poor women, spread over 4 district of Odisha. The research results revealed that out of practical needs microfinance have significant impact on five practical needs whereas on the rest practical needs microfinance participation have insignificant impact. The enhanced ability to take practical needs will lead to participate in strategic needs. The enhanced participation in both type of decision making is an indicator of women empowerment and change agent for socio-economic development. The result of paper insights into enriched participation of women in practical need decision making by estimating impacts on economic and social aspects. This work has potential to augment the policy formulation by posing greater thrust on social dimensions of microfinance.
  Keywords: microfinance; practical gender need; PGN; probit model; women empowerment; socio-economic development.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10032348
   
  
• INVESTIGATING HOSTELS REVISIT INTENTION IN TAIWAN: THE MODERATING EFFECT OF CUSTOMERS’ DESIRE  
  by S. YESHWANT RAJ, ALVARO GARCIA CARVAJAL, CHIEHWEN E.D. HSU 
  Abstract: The present study examines the potential relationship existing in customers’ desire, satisfaction, trust and revisit intention in hostel services patronage in Taiwan. It employs the expectation-confirmation Theory to examine the potential relationship among variables which are the antecedents of customers’ satisfaction and trust, a moderating variable, namely desire was integrated into the research framework. A survey questionnaire included a sample of 200 subjects of respondents and was collected over five hostels located in the metropolitan cities of Taiwan. Expectations and perceived values both have substantial effects on customers’ satisfaction; In addition, satisfaction per se has a significant effect on trust and revisit intention. A major unusual finding is that desire has a positive moderating effect on trust and revisit intention. Surprisingly, there is a negative moderating effect of desire towards satisfaction and revisit intention. Service quality and trust were not critical whereas expectation satisfaction and desire are the critical factors.
  Keywords: Satisfaction; Trust; Desire; Revisit intention; Expectation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10032404
   
  
• A Critical Analysis of Citizenship Amendment Act, 2019 (CAA)  
  by Brij Mohan Dutta  
  Abstract: Abstract India is a Parliamentary Democracy and primary function of the Parliament is to legislate and that legislation is the will of the people in a democracy Constitution is supreme in India and Supreme Court is the custodian of the Constitution and is final interpreter of the law The right of a sovereign nation to determine who to allow to settle and work has never been seriously contested Citizenship Amendment Act, 2019 (CAA) is the event in Parliamentary history of India which has created so much turmoil all over the country This research paper is the need of the hour to examine the amendment in Citizenship Act, 1955 In this paper the concept of citizenship, its relevance in context of our freedom struggle, on partition and after partition is examined The history, problem, state and reasons of religious persecution of minorities of six religious communities i e Hindu, Sikh, Jain,
  Keywords: Key words: Citizenship Amendment Act; Religious Persecution; Amendments; Refugees; Citizenship Act.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10032405
   
  
• Ambidexterity: realizing organizational innovation in healthcare organizations  
  by Youngsoo Park, Abraham Nahm 
  Abstract: This study suggests ambidexterity as a guiding innovative perspective for healthcare organizations. Based on case illustrations from medical practitioners, a definition of healthcare ambidexterity and a desirable direction for operational capabilities are provided. As a theoretical implication, experiential capability should be chosen in the case of a low degree of control and a high degree of collaboration, while a high degree of control and a low degree of collaboration should indicate a focus on lean capability. This research makes a contribution to provide a clear understanding of “healthcare ambidexterity” and an articulation of the practical development of operational capabilities.
  Keywords: ambidexterity; organizational innovation; healthcare organization; case study; proposition development.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10032438
   
  
• The Usage of Enterprise Resource Planning System to Enhancing performance of Medium-Sized Business Excellence.  
  by Adejare Yusuff, Arfan Shahzad 
  Abstract: This study examines the effectiveness of the enterprise resource planning (ERP) system adoption to enrich the organisational performance of medium-sized enterprise firms. This study focuses on four factors, support from top management, organisational support, information access and technological change. Diffusion of innovation and contingency theories were adopted to examine the effectiveness of ERP adoption. The data were collected through the questionnaires and sent to 355 medium-sized enterprise firms in Lagos, Nigeria. It is important to note that this study was limited to selected medium-sized enterprises in Lagos, Nigeria. The data were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling. The study found evidence that three factors, management support, organisational support, and technological change, positively significantly influence the adoption of an ERP system to improve the organisational performance of medium-sized enterprise firms. On the other hand, information access has no significant effect on the adoption of an ERP system. This study received very good responses from medium-sized enterprises, and it is believed that the purpose of this study will increase the understanding of ERP adoption in Nigeria and its effectiveness. Furthermore, the studys findings could inform future studies on how ERP could improve the organisational performance of both SMEs and large companies.
  Keywords: enterprise resource planning system; support from top management; organisational support; information access; technological change; medium-sized enterprises performance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10032450
   
  
• Lean Six Sigma: A Clinical Treatment for National Health Care System  
  by Harsimran Singh Sodhi  
  Abstract: Lean Six Sigma is a business-driven, multi-faceted approach to process improvement, reduced costs, and increased profit. It helps to improve quality of product and cost saving. Lean Six Sigma is considered to be one of the best quality improvement methodology applied successfully to organisational areas like manufacturing, production, accounting and finance, sales and marketing, information systems, human resource management, etc. Lean Six Sigma is a project driven approach that concentrates on reducing variations, defects and improving the quality of products, processes as well as services. Basically Lean Six Sigma measures 3.4 defects per million of opportunities (DPMO) and it operate on the concept of DMAIC. In the proposed work, guides how DMAIC can be successfully implemented in medical transcription to identify different Lean Six Sigma projects by identifying critical to quality (CTQ).
  Keywords: Lean Six Sigma; medical transcription; DMAIC; critical to quality; CTQ; Lean Six Sigma projects.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10032503
   
  
• Identification of World-Class Manufacturing Strategies and Their Implementation Requirements in Food Industry (Case Study: Olive Product)  
  by Hadiseh Kalantari, Mohsen Shafiei Nikabadi, Azimollah Zarei 
  Abstract: For decades, world-class manufacturing has attracted tremendous attention and become one of the driving forces for business success in organisations. Paying attention to customers needs from different perspectives and planning to meet them helps industries achieve world-class manufacturing. The main purpose of this study is to identify the world-class manufacturing strategies and their implementation requirements in Irans food industry (case study: olive product), using quality function deployment (QFD) technique. In this study, at first, the most important customer needs, technical requirements, and world-class manufacturing strategies were identified. Then, the customers needs were ranked using the TOPSIS method, and the relationships and value of technical requirements and world-class manufacturing strategies were identified and analysed by the house of quality matrix. According to the results, to achieve world-class manufacturing with good quality, all three factors (customers needs, technical requirements and world-class manufacturing strategies) must be scrutinised. In the present study, the most important customer need, technical requirement, and world-class manufacturing strategy were brand and product reliability, better technologies and process and product development, respectively.
  Keywords: strategy; world-class manufacturing; WCM; olive industry; quality function deployment; QFD; TOPSIS.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10032841
   
  
• ADOPTION OF DIGITAL MARKETING AMONG TOURISM INDUSTRY OF UTTARAKHAND IN INDIA  
  by Himanshu Kargeti, Anuj ., Rajesh Kumar Upadhyay, Ajay Sharma 
  Abstract: Tourism industry is an imperative segment in society, as it provides growth and support in economy and social life of most of the countries. Digitization has become imperative part of businesses now days. It has changed the working scenario of businesses and providing one the fastest platform to interact with customers. Digitization have brought significant transformation in Tourism industry. Digitization has transformed the role of Traditional tourism into update, innovative and technically upright industry. Our study attempts to find out the research gap by assessment of adaptability of digital marking in tourism industry and proposing a method to enhance digital marketing adaptability in organizations in tourism industry of Uttarakhand in India. This learning depicts the theoretical model and empirically attempts to find out the association between mentioned entities. For that we followed UTAUT theory.
  Keywords: Perceived Usefulness(PU); Perceived Ease of USE(PEOU); Competitive Pressure(CP); Attitude towards use of Digital marketing(ATDM); Behavioral Intention to Use(BIU); Uttarakhand Tourism.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10033064
   
  
• ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN GROWTH OF INDIAN START-UPS  
  by Devendra Kumar Pandey, Manoj Pandey, Kiran Soni 
  Abstract: The present research paper attempts to evaluate the social media's role in the growth of new start-ups. The study will also attempt to address the use for start-ups of various social media tools using variables such as relationship management, consumer behaviour data collection, product sales, market study and new product development. Research Methodology: Researchers have used descriptive research design for the study. Self-structured questionnaire was framed for collecting data from170 new entrepreneurs (respondents) in India. Both theoretical and practical data were obtained, and then analysed using SPSS. The research is carried out with the aid of tables and figures for easy understanding. Results: The research establishes that social media is expanding its reach in the industry rapidly, and has immense potential for the future. Start-ups are developing through adopting social media tools for increasing their market accessibility and also for increasing their sales through innovative ways offered by media.
  Keywords: Start-ups; Social Media; Market accessibility; Customer Relationship Management; Innovation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10033368
   
  
• The Impact of Financial Risk on Economic Value Added: A Comparative Analysis of Islamic and Commercial Banks of Yemen  
  by Mohammed H. Alsamhi, Fuad A. Al-Ofairi, Waleed M. Alahdal, Najib H. S. Farhan 
  Abstract: The present study attempts to analyse the impact of financial risk on the economic value added (EVA) of Yemeni Islamic and commercial banks. The study is based on time series data for the period from 2006 to 2014. Findings indicate that financial risk has a significant impact on the EVA of Yemeni Islamic banks. Further, liquidity risk (LQR) and exchange risk (EXR) have a positive and significant effect on EVA. Moreover, LQR and EXR have a significant impact on the EVA, while credit and capital risk have an insignificant impact on the EVA of the Yemeni commercial banks.
  Keywords: Financial risk; Economic value added; Islamic banks; Commercial banks.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10033371
   
  
• THE INFLUENCE OF PERCEIVED RISK AND TRUST ON CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE: An empirical study on young m-banking app users in India  
  by Nancyprabha Pushparaj 
  Abstract: This paper describes the influence of seven risk factors on the mobile banking application customer experience (MBACE) by developing a theoretical model that focuses on the relationships with and without the mediating role of trust between seven risk factors and MBACE. This model was empirically tested using sample data obtained from m-banking users. The data analyzed using the structural equation modeling (SEM) method. The results revealed that not all the risks have a direct effect on MBACE, and trust has a mediating effect on MBACE. This research is one of the first of its kind to develop a conceptual model exclusively on m-banking app customer experience (MBACE) and empirically examine the impact of seven risk factors on it using the sample set obtained from India.
  Keywords: Customer experience; Risk facets; Mobile banking applications; Perceived risk; Security risk; Privacy risk; Young customers; Trust.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10033431
   
  
• Organizational Effectiveness and Career Support: an integrated model for Indian Millennials  
  by Nivedita Jha, Mayank B. Jha, Puja Sareen 
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of organisational support for career development (OSCD) on organisational effectiveness (OE). It is a cross-sectional study based on responses collected from 252 millennial employees. The research perspective of this article is that when employees perceive the organisation's support in their career development, they reciprocate it with positive behaviour thus contributing to the overall effectiveness of the organization. The hypotheses on collected data were tested with the help of SEM. The results indicated a significant impact of organisational support for career development on organisational citizenship behaviour and organisational effectiveness. The research is limited to the IT companies in Bangalore city, India. The article is a major contribution to the literature in bridging the gap on the impact of organisational support for career development and organisational outcomes.
  Keywords: Career development; Organizational Support; Millennial; Organisational effectiveness; organisational citizenship behaviour; innovation; adaptability; productivity; SET; SEM.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10033484
   
  
• WORKPLACE ERGONOMICS AND QUALITY OF WORK LIFE IN ACADEMICIANS OF HIGHER EDUCATION: AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE  
  by Amar Kumar, Pankaj Agarwal, Jitendra Chauhan, Vishal Sagar 
  Abstract: Academicians cater to a professional group who probably experience musculoskeletal problems due to vivid reasons such as prolonged sitting & conducting research work, evaluation, lecture preparation, administrative tasks, spending long hours on computer/laptop, less physical activity, standing for hours taking lectures and continuous pressure of advancing in career. Although, there are various reasons for musculoskeletal disorders, ergonomics play a pivotal role in increasing/decreasing it, effecting there QWL. Hence, this study intends to investigate the above relationship empirically. Data was gathered from academicians working in higher education institutions (HEI) of Uttarakhand, a northern province of India. Results reveal direct positive association between Workplace ergonomics and QWL. Even in the presence of mediating variable (Work related musculoskeletal disorders), the direct effect was found significant which means mediating effect is partial in nature.
  Keywords: Workplace Ergonomics; Musculoskeletal disorders; Quality of work life (QWL); Academicians; Higher education.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10033486
   
  
• Business Excellence Models (BEMs): A Critical Review of the Models' Frameworks  
  by Alaa Ubaid, Fikri Dweiri 
  Abstract: The objectives of this research are to identify the gaps and potential improvement areas in the frameworks of the predominant Business Excellence Models (BEMs) and to propose a future research agenda. The methodology used consists of three steps that are reviewing the predominant BEMs’ frameworks; analyse the reviewed frameworks based on the framework and the Excellent Performance Realisation Methodologies (EPRMs) elements proposed by Ubaid and Dweiri; then synthesize the results in the third step. The analysis of the literature confirmed the novelty of this research approach. The current research enhances the knowledge in the Business Excellence (BE) scope by identifying three gaps in the BEMs’ frameworks. The gaps include the gap related to the Tool Kit (TK) element, the gap related to the Performance Management system (PMs) element, and the gap related to the overlap between the elements of the excellence frameworks. Many future research areas suggested in this research.
  Keywords: Business excellence model; Framework; Methodology; Evaluation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10033666
   
  
• Exploring Impact of Selected Marketing Strategies on the Consumer Lens.  
  by Majed Kassem Alsyani, Fatehi Almugari, Amgad S.D. Khaled, Eissa A. Al-Homaidi, Parul Bajaj 
  Abstract: This study aims at exploring the influence of marketing strategies on the consumer lens (brand favourability). The Exploratory Factor Analysis is used to construct some of marketing strategies. Forty-nine items, about marketing strategies were inserted into SPSS. Out of 49 items, only 26 items were selected under five factors. The validity and reliability were tested using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).Convenience sampling method was used to approach the respondents. The Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses. The study found that product innovation strategy, intensive distribution strategy, and customer value-based pricing have a significant and positive impact on the consumer lens (brand favourability). Besides, the study found that the labelling strategy has a significant and negative impact on the consumer lens (brand favourability). The study provides researchers, marketers, and managers with an important glance about factors affecting consumers' brand favourability in Yemeni market.
  Keywords: Consumer lens (brand favourability); EFA; CFA; SEM; Intensive Distribution; Product Innovation; Customer Value-Based Pricing; Labelling.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10033883
   
  
• Minerba Governance Policy in Indonesia with Soft System Thinking Approach Based on Social Network Analysis, Seven-Stage Model and U Theory  
  by Sujono , Soesilo Zauhar, Hermawan , Lely Indah Mindarti 
  Abstract: To map mineral and coal policies by analysing the law and produce research novelty on mineral and coal governance policies in Indonesia with a soft-systems thinking approach based on and social network analysis, sevenstage model and U Theory. The results of the SNA analysis show that Mining Law No. 4/2009 is too specific and governed by conversations about IUP and IUPK production operations. This is influenced by the environment (environment) which is still limited publication of scientific articles showing the enrichment of SSM with listening methods in U Theory, especially the real world stage in the framework of enrichment methodologies to produce research novelty in the study of systems thinking. The authenticity of this research is the concept of SNA, SSM and U Theory in the Mining Law research.
  Keywords: Social Network Analysis; sustainable mining policy.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10033997
   
  
• Assessment of Transfer of Training and Organizational Commitment Scales  
  by D. Armstrong Doss 
  Abstract: There is enormous scope and potential for the growth of training industry. With continuous influx of work force year after year, there is an inadvertent need to endow the workforce with the requisite Knowledge, Skills and Attitude necessitated for the job. This research is carried out to understand the concept of transfer of training and its association with organizational commitment. The study employs Learning Transfer System Inventory (LTSI) scale and organizational commitment scale (OCS) to analyse the training and development practices in Indian manufacturing and service industry. For the various scales and sub-scales employed in the study reliability analysis was performed . Confirmatory factor analysis was carried out to assess the degree to which the data meets the expected structure. The outcomes were tabulated and inferences show a good model fit. Further future prospects for research in this direction are contemplated.
  Keywords: Transfer of training; Organisational commitment; Reliability; Confirmatory factor analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10034079
   
  
• The Link between Self-Knowledge and Job Satisfaction.  
  by Leandro Pereira, André Salgado, Carlos Jeronimo, Renato Lopes Da Costa, Álvaro Dias, José Santos 
  Abstract: Self-knowledge is a very prominent theme as it is one of the strong drivers for the skills acquisition and personal and professional evolution In this experimental study, self-knowledge and its relationship with job satisfaction were investigated in a group of sixteen top and middle managers of a management consulting company operating in the Iberian Peninsula, by applying a 360 methodology through application of questionnaires to the collaborator and his/her sphere composed by superior, subordinate and family/friend To quantify self-knowledge, it was measured the Euclidean distance between the answers of the questionnaires, thus measuring the dissimilarity answers between the collaborator and the respective sphere The results indicate an association between self-knowledge and job satisfaction.
  Keywords: Self-knowledge; Job satisfaction; 360 evaluation; Euclidean distance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10034212
   
  
• Unearthing the Determinants of Commuters’ Satisfaction in Delhi Metro Rail Corporation  
  by YOGENDRA P.A.L. BHARADWAJ  
  Abstract: The purpose behind this research investigation is to unearth the major determinants of service quality and their outcome on commuters’ satisfaction which stimulate them for the commutation process of metro services in Delhi Metro Rail Corporation In the nature of extensive purposive sampling approach based on a five-point Likert scale, data was collected from 850 commuters’ travelling from DMRC with the help of a self-administered questionnaire and using a structural equation modeling to validate the importance of the research model The findings of this study revealed that empathy & security and assurance are the two major predictors of commuters’ friendliness and significant determinant for commuters' satisfaction It likewise featured that the higher the commuters' friendliness approach among commuters' the lesser will be their fulfillment with the current metro service quality framework and higher reliability of metro outline will prompt expanded inclusion of the commutation system.
  Keywords: Service Quality; Delhi Metro Rail Corporation; Commuter Satisfaction; Commuters’ Friendliness; Organisational Image.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10034303
   
  
• Re-Creation Fundamental Concepts on the Culture of Excellence to Achieve Maturity of Organisational Excellence  
  by Mohammad Reza Fathi, Mohsen Moradi-Moghadam, Hossein Safari, Mohammad Reza Sadeghi Moghadam 
  Abstract: The aim of this paper is to investigate the principles affecting the culture of excellence by examining the literature review of quality culture, Organisational culture, and Excellence culture, and eight effective concepts have been developed on the culture of excellence. In this Paper, survey results and literature review were summed up in 8 essential concepts of BEMs. The structural model was developed using the ISM approach. This method enables individuals and groups to decide complex relationships between a large numbers of elements in a complex situation and act as tools for organising and complexity of relationships between variables. As a result, there will be a need to move from common tools and techniques of Quality Management. Managers’ endeavour must be around building a new culture around quality. This brings researchers to the importance of a strong Excellence Culture, but the principles of this culture are not agreed on.
  Keywords: Culture of Excellence (CoE); Business Excellence Models (BEMs); Quality Culture (QC); Total Quality Management (TQM); Interpretative Structural Modelling (ISM).
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10034305
   
  
• The Trade-Off between Outreach and Sustainability of Microfinance Institutions: Does Loan Delinquency Play a Mediating Role?  
  by Mohammad Zainuddin, Abu Saad Md Masnun Al Mahi, Ida Md. Yasin, Shabiha Akter 
  Abstract: The outreach-sustainability trade-off in microfinance is often attributed to the high transaction cost of small loans. But does loan delinquency play any role? Is there any relationship between delinquency and poverty level of borrowers? In microfinance, loan delinquency is a key concern, as poor borrowers lack collateral and microfinance institutions (MFIs) face information asymmetry which may lead to problems of adverse selection and moral hazard. This paper empirically examines the relationship between microfinance outreach and sustainability, and the role of loan delinquency in that relationship. Through a rigorous quantitative analysis of a global dataset of microfinance firms, the study confirms that MFI sustainability comes at the expense of outreach and there is a trade-off between the two goals. It demonstrates the mediating role of loan delinquency in the outreach-sustainability relationship and indicates that poor clients, compared to not-so-poor, have high delinquency rates that negatively affect the financial performance of MFIs.
  Keywords: microfinance; outreach; sustainability; loan delinquency; portfolio at risk; information asymmetry.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10034356
   
  
• “Demystifying the Relationship between Enablers and Results at Sub-criteria level: An Empirical Study on EFQM model”  
  by Narasimha Murthy, Kuldip Singh Sangwan, N.S. Narahari 
  Abstract: The purpose of this article is to assess the interrelations between the EFQM model’s enablers and results at the sub-criteria level. The multi-collinearity issue is addressed using a factorial analysis of DOE techniques for identifying the primary factors influencing the results. The primary data for the study is taken from the assessment scores of 58 Indian companies used for EFQM award program. The factorial analysis is primarily used for data analysis. The research has identified the primary influencing factors at the sub-criteria level for the customer, people, society, and business performance improvement. The few and critical enablers identified in the research would serve managers and organisations as a guide for effective deployment of the EFQM model and focussed prioritisation for the improvement. The study has also demystified the assumptions regarding interlinkages/inter-connections among sub-criteria of the EFQM model to improve organisational results.
  Keywords: EFQM; Factorial Analysis; DOE; Demystifying of EFQM; Empirical Research; Result Criteria; Influencing factors; Business Excellence.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10034481
   
  
• A tactical three-phase implementation model for agile manufacturing  
  by Rahul Kumar, Kanwarpreet Singh, Sanjiv Jain 
  Abstract: Increasing globalization, uncertain environment, swift technological development, and competitive pressures force organisations to adopt different practices and tools to improve manufacturing processes. This paper aims to propose a phase-wise implementation model of all necessary measures to achieve successful agile manufacturing implementation. Tactical modelling is used employing options field methodology (OFM), options profile methodology (OPM), analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and fuzzy set theory (FST). Initially, various agile manufacturing implementation-related issues and business performance-related issues are listed after conducting a survey. OFM is used to convert business performance-related issues into options, which are further converted into six clusters. OPM has converted agile manufacturing implementation-related issues into eight profiles or courses of action. Further, AHP is used to calculate the weights of various profiles generated through OPM. At last, clusters formed through OFM techniques, are ranked using FST. Finally, a phase-wise implementation plan has been proposed for the successful implementation of agile manufacturing.
  Keywords: agile manufacturing; business performance enhancement; options field methodology; options profile methodology; analytic hierarchy process; and fuzzy set theory.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10034522
   
  
• Market Knowledge Acquisition and Sustaining Firm Performance: An Approach towards Business Excellence  
  by Manoj Kumar, Pooja K. Singh 
  Abstract: At present, managing and sustaining performance has become a challenge for organisations, where environment forces (enabling and restraining) are continuously interacting and results as dynamic, uncertain and unforeseen contexts. Knowledge optimization plays a significant role in managing and synchronizing core business practices which can be ensured by linking its source and deployment to sustain long term business performance. The present study aims to explore the linkage among market knowledge acquisition, firm innovation and performance. Theoretical pieces of evidence, relevant research work and arguments have been retraced from e-database/sources such as Google scholar, EBSCOHost, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, etc. using a systematic review method. This study adds value to knowledge literature, by offering insights into the knowledge sourcing aspect and exploring how it enhances innovation practices for the purpose of sustaining organisational performance. This study inferences, limitations, and future opportunities have also been discussed.
  Keywords: Market Knowledge Acquisition; Innovation; Firm Performance; Business Excellence; Knowledge Management.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10034594
   
  
• Brand Personification through Celebrity Ambassador: A Study to Investigate the Impact on Consumer Attitude and Loyalty  
  by Era Nagpal, Hardeep Singh Mundi, Anurag Singh 
  Abstract: The advent of technology has redefined marketing in the 21st century driven by the rise of digital networks, which are instrumental in creating an enhanced brand experience for the consumers. While the businesses are competing for the attention of consumers, the humanization of a brand referred to as Brand Personification is being extensively used for creating differentiation especially in the FMCG sector. The subjectivity among consumers makes it important for marketers to have a comprehensive understanding of the concept of consumer attitude and loyalty. This study aims to examine the influence of brand personification using brand personality scale on consumer attitude and loyalty using bivariate analysis. The findings of the study reveal that both consumer attitude and loyalty are impacted significantly by brand personality. The positive response of consumers to celebrity endorsements personifying a brand leaves an implication for the marketers to exploit this strategy to fight the tough competition.
  Keywords: Brand Personification; Brand Personality; Consumer Attitude; Brand Trust; Brand Affection; Consumer Attitudinal Loyalty; Consumer Behavioural Loyalty.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10034734
   
  
• Framework for Enablers and Outcomes of Workforce Agility : Socio Technical Systems Perspective  
  by Deborah Sharon Stanley, Vaneeta Aggarwal 
  Abstract: Organizations in this fast driven market environment have felt the need to be flexible and change driven This has brought the importance of agility in the workforce Agile workforce exhibits the characteristics of adaptability, flexibility and innovativeness that works with speed and competitiveness Workforce agility is considered as a key to organizational agility (Breu et al , 2002) We aim to address this issue by bringing out the various enablers of workforce agility along with the outcomes The enablers of workforce agility are categorized based on the socio-technical system as individual and social, technological and organizational perspectives In a socio-technical system, the behavior of the workforce, environment in which they work, machinery and technologies adopted in the organization as well as the systems, strategies, practices followed in the organization should work in unison towards achievement of the objectives This conceptual paper reviews the literature on workforce agility to build framework.
  Keywords: Workforce Agility; Workforce Agility Enablers; Socio-Technical Systems; Workforce Agility Outcomes.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10034882
   
  
• Learning factories of Industry 4.0: a mind map-based empirical investigation of the challenges related to its implementation  
  by Anil Kumar, Sanjiv Narula, Harish Puppala, Maheswar Dwivedy, Surya Prakash, Vishal Talwar 
  Abstract: The learning factory is an emerging 'hands-on' approach to teach advanced manufacturing technologies It facilitates establishing a connection between the industry and academia Its need is felt by both the industry and academia alike, whereby both could address the challenges and meet each other's demands This study aims to identify the key challenges in implementing a learning factory in the I4 0 arena Since no past research worked addressed the challenges associated with learning factory, participatory expert surveys are chosen to identify the key challenges Industry leaders, policymakers, trainers, and academicians are made as the participants of the conducted survey to collect the broad perspective of individuals at various levels The expert’s feedback is synthesized in the mind map depicting n = 20 challenges in the implementation of the learning factories Furthermore, the evaluation of interrelation between the identified challenges is carried out by the Fuzzy DEMATEL technique used.
  Keywords: Learning factories; Digitization; Industry 4.0; Education; Fuzzy DEMATEL.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10034930
   
  
• A multi objective optimization of sustainable business model innovation strategies regarding the challenges of new and emerging technologies in service business  
  by Hadi Balouei Jamkhaneh, Reza Shahin, Reza Jalali 
  Abstract: The main purpose of this study is to provide a framework for selecting an effective and efficient strategy to reduce the challenges of Sustainable Business Models Innovation (SBMI). Firstly, a review of the literature on a set of SBMI strategies and challenges is done, then by using the Kano model, SBMI strategies are classified. After this, the effectiveness of each strategy in reducing the challenges of SBMI is determined by using the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) model. Next, due to resource constraints and implementation costs of each strategy, Multi-Objective Decision Making (MODM) was used to select the optimal strategies. The results show that encourage sufficiency (S4), repurpose for society or the environment (S5) and sustainability vision (S10) were selected as the optimal strategies.
  Keywords: Sustainable Business Innovation; Sustainable Business Strategies; Sustainable Business Challenges; Service Business; Multi-Objective Model; Quality Function Deployment (QFD); Kano Model.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10034931
   
  
• Political Risk and Project Success: Mediating Mechanism and Interacting Effect  
  by Namra Mubarak, Jabran Khan, Jamshed Ali Turi, Robina Yasmin 
  Abstract: Complexities bring risks in projects. Political risk involves political instability in project domain, and lessens the chances of return on investment. In this study, we aim to investigate the impact of the political risk on project success. Data were collected from project-based organisations (information technology, construction and other developmental projects) operating in Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test model fitness. Results of the study suggest that political risk has astounding effect on project industry and negatively effects manager’s stress resulting in project failure. But, if there is some risk avoidance strategy against political risk adopted by the manger, then the stress of the manager will also be lessened with less chances of project failure. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
  Keywords: political risk; risk avoidance; projects; manager’s stress; project success.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10035037
   
  
• Antecedents of Indian information technology service organisations moving up the value chain: a mediation model  
  by Mahendramohan Balathandayuthapani, Kannabiran Ganesan, P. Sridevi 
  Abstract: Automation and competition are challenging the Indian information technology (IT) service organisations. Significant portions of the revenue earned by Indian IT service organisations come from the low end of the value chain. Technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) are expected to automate these low value-added services. Many other low-cost locations are emerging as competitors for the Indian IT industry. New technologies also offer scope for high-value services. This study proposes a theoretical model based on the resource-based view to understand the phenomenon of moving up the value chain in IT services. Data collected from 230 employees of Indian IT service organisations were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results show that the relationship management capability and the project management capability of the IT service organisation improve the quality of the service provided, which in turn enables the organisation to move up the value chain of IT services.
  Keywords: relationship management; project management; service quality; moving-up value chain; information technology service; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10035222
   
  
• Structural Equation modelling of factors enforcing Indian Small and Medium scale organizations to implement Green manufacturing  
  by Mahakdeep Singh, Kanwarpreet Singh, Amanpreet Singh Sethi 
  Abstract: The manuscript is focused on identifying various pressures on Indian small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) for implementation of green manufacturing and finding that currently which pressure has been effecting implementation the most. To accomplish the purpose, questionnaire was designed with inputs from literature and responses have been obtained from 168 Indian SMEs based on the questionnaire. Three hypotheses were proposed related to the objective of the study and the received responses were analysed by employing partial least square-structural equation modelling. It has been found after SEM analysis that the green manufacturing practices is being implemented in Indian SMEs due to two major pressures that is government pressure and customers pressure whereas there is least effect of social pressure on Indian SMEs.
  Keywords: green manufacturing; small and medium enterprises; partial least square-structural equational modelling.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10035039
   
  
• Interpersonal relationship inventory scale for registered nurses in India: EFA and Scale development.  
  by Puja Khatri, Sumit K. Debnath 
  Abstract: The purpose of the study was to develop a scale to measure interpersonal relationship at the workplace of the registered nurses working on large-scale hospital setup. The paper tries to develop interpersonal relationship inventory scale and further factor analysis was performed. A methodology study design consists of two phases was used. In the first phase qualitative study was conducted which results in the identification of 59 items, which was further followed by the field testing among 250 registered nurses. In the second phase factor analysis was performed. The factor analysis shows that KMO measure of sampling adequacy is 0.832 with a Chi-square = 820.486, p < 0.001. Four factors obtained which accounted for the 53.546% of the total variance. The total scale reliability was found to be 0.783. The study concludes with the development of the 15 item interpersonal relationship scale inventory.
  Keywords: nurses; interpersonal relationship; IPR; factor analysis; reliability.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10035226
   
  
• Stakeholder Perception on the challenges in long term PPP Contracts: A focus group study of Indian PPP Airports.  
  by Akhil Damodaran, Tarun Dhingra, Prasoom Dwivedi 
  Abstract: Public-private partnership in airports is not a new phenomenon. With the development of 5 major airports and new upcoming airports in India, PPP has become a tool for project implementation in airports. Public perception, as well as stakeholder’s perception regarding the PPP execution, is highly positive. However, it is observed that the conflict between the airport operator and regulator increases as the contract starts to take shape. Long term contracts are always incomplete and this creates conflict between the government and private operators in terms of each other’s incentives. With these questions in mind, the paper offers an assessment of the perception of stakeholders of the airport sector through eight focus groups discussions about the challenges in the contract design of PPP. The analysis resulted in four themes of relevance. Broad themes are the Viability of the project, the bidding process, risk allocation, and price regulation.
  Keywords: regulation; contract management; stakeholders; public-private partnership; PPP; till regulation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10035227
   
  
• Bond Rating and Bond Market of Indian Corporate - Issues and Recommendations  
  by MANISHA KUMARI, V. Mary Jessica 
  Abstract: Financing plays vital role in every organisation. Over past one decade, all countries wanted to strengthen the bond market. The value of the firm is directly associated with the proportion of debt present in the capital. The value can be increased and overall cost of capital can be decreased by increasing capital financing through bonds. Yet, Indian corporate bonds have a negligible share in the global bond market. This paper explores the bond market and rating of the bonds provided by different credit rating agencies (CRAs). This will also explain the policy and regulations made by regulators for bond market and bond rating. The result shows that CRAs need to strengthen the rating procedure to reduce the PDs and survival in the market. The PDs must be predicated by CRA for each bond and need to be disclosed publicly. Based on reports, bond data, default history and literature, this paper gives recommendations to strengthen the corporate bond market. Due to the constant default of rated bonds, the CRAs are criticised for their inability to predict PD. Also, the change in rating has an impact on stock prices there is need to give proper evidence with the factors.
  Keywords: bond market; bond rating; corporate bond; credit risk; probability of default; stock price; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10035386
   
  
• Is E-Payment Gateway System Sustainable in India? - Analysis through Interpretive Structural Model Approach  
  by DEEPA JAIN, Manoj Kumar Dash, K.S. Thakur 
  Abstract: Globally, digital payment has been seen as a common feature of developed countries. A gap was witnessed in literature regarding identification of the most critical variables in e-payment and development of model for the sustainability of e-payment. The purpose of present study is to fill this gap, by identifying and model the critical factors influencing e-payment sustainability. To inquire the sustainability of e-payment gateway system interpretive structural model (ISM) and cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC) analysis has been used to develop structural model. Results of the study shows that behavioural intention, compatibility, trialability, trust, security, perceived cost and other factors play a significant role in commitment of consumer towards e-payment. The findings of the study will guide government, corporates and policy makers while framing strategies and policies for the sustainability of digital payment a cashless move in India.
  Keywords: electronic payment; sustainable portfolio strategy; accessibility strategy; value proposition strategy; ISM-MICMAC; technology adoption.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10035609
   
  
• UNDERSTANDING CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND LOYALTY IN INDIAN RETAIL SECTOR: An Empirical Study  
  by Amgad S.D. Khaled, Fatehi Almugari, Borhan Omar Ahmed Al-dalaien, Abdulmalek M. M. Saeed, Khalid Alomari 
  Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to determine elements which can lead to customer satisfaction and their loyalty. In this analysis, the expectancy principle of vroom is used for the conceptual model and the results are discussed. Data was taken using the snowball sampling method by circulating a self-administered questionnaire and an online questionnaire to the respondents. Data has been collected from different places in Aligarh, Delhi/NCR Region. Both SPSS version 23 and AMOS 25.0 were used to analyse the data. To test the hypotheses, the structural equation modelling was used. The study found that price, and service have a positive impact on customer satisfaction. The study suggests a close association between price, quality of service and quality of product and consumer satisfaction and a directly beneficial effect on customer loyalty.
  Keywords: strategy; hypermarkets; satisfaction; loyalty; retail marketing; price strategy; customer; value; brand; store image.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10035610
   
  
• Impact Analysis of Global COVID-19 Crisis  
  by VINAY KANDPAL 
  Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has a devastating effect, globally, on working hours and earnings. International Labour Organization (ILO) highlighted that some of the worst industries and regions affected and proposes measures to alleviate the crisis. The most at-risk sectors include accommodation, food services, manufacturing, retail, aviation, business and administrative activities. The eventual increase in global unemployment over 2020 would depend significantly on future developments and policy behaviour. There is a high probability that the end-of-year figure, of 25 million, would be substantially higher than the initial ILO forecast. Many countries have taken strong measures for controlling the unemployment issue and protecting the financial market.
  Keywords: COVID-19; unemployment; financial market; economy; International Labour Organization; ILO.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10035976
   
  
• Behavioural Branding of Frugal Innovations Contextual to Consumption Dynamics: A Study of Market Competitiveness in Micro Enterprises  
  by Ananya Rajagopal 
  Abstract: This study analyses the attributes of market competition through in-depth analysis of buying behaviour of consumers in the consumption of frugal innovation products/services offered by micro enterprises (MEs) in emerging markets. Customer-acquisition dynamics implemented by MEs in developing behavioural branding has also been discussed in this study. Attributes such as consumer behaviour, co-creation, and behavioural branding traits and their interrelationship with the consumption of frugal innovative products has been analysed in this study. Data was collected from 322 purposively selected respondents, the consumers of innovative products and services developed by micro enterprises, within Mexico. A systematic process of application of focus group has been implemented in the study. In view of the findings discussed in the study, it can be stated that frugal innovations demonstrate cost-effective entrepreneurial econoscape. The study reveals that crowdsourcing contributes significantly to idea generation for innovative products to cater to the consumer needs and deliver solutions.
  Keywords: behavioural branding; frugal innovation; micro enterprises; consumption dynamics; market competitiveness.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10036039
   
  
• Assessing The Effectiveness of Psychological Capital and Employee Engagement Being Moderator and Mediator on Employee Emotional Intelligence and Performance  
  by Muddassar Sarfraz, Bilal Khalid, Ilknur Ozturk, Jasim Tariq, Taqadus Bashir 
  Abstract: In the last few decades, the hospitality industry has got much importance in a vigorous process of expansion. Consequently, the hospitality industry is expanding globally and promoting its growth in a changing multicultural environment. The primary objective of the present study is to reveal the conditional indirect effect of employees’ emotional intelligence on their job performance through a moderated-mediated mechanism of psychological capital and employee engagement. The data has been collected from 300 employees working in the hospitality industry. Data is analysed by using statistical software SPSS and PROCESS macro. The study results suggest that employee engagement plays a significant and positive role between employees’ emotional intelligence and performance. Results also indicate that moderated-mediated mechanism exists between employees’ emotional intelligence and employees’ performance. This study contributes significantly to hospitality industry literature by identifying employee emotional intelligence as one of the significant factors of workplace performance.
  Keywords: emotional intelligence; psychological capital; hospitality industry; employees performance; Pakistan.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10036087
   
  
• Corona Virus Pandemic: Entrepreneurial Orientation and its influence on Firm Performance  
  by P.S. Rajeswari, P. Suganthi 
  Abstract: In this competitive scenario the software startups are galloping as their products and services are essential for improving global economy. Present juncture of corona pandemic crisis with sudden deep pitfall of economy, also disturbed the software startups growth alarmingly. Healthcare, video meetings, online sales delivery services and other online related services like artificial intelligence in emergency room, virtual reality boomed well but when it is on software industry it created pitfall in growth. This study would be rejuvenating to improve the performance of software startups. This research focuses on investigating and identifying factors influencing software firm performance by studying the link between entrepreneurial orientation as stimuli in the presence of control variable and field moderator activities. Thus this paper focuses to analyse the impact of multi-dimensionality concept of entrepreneurial orientation on firm performance in Indian software industry. Autonomy and proactiveness under entrepreneurial orientation are emerged as major stimuli for instigating the firm performance through the factors called human capital, firm size, social performance and efficiency. Strategies are suggested to incorporate in the current contingent situation to revitalise and fortify the performance of software startups.
  Keywords: entrepreneurial orientation; firm performance; autonomy; proactiveness; human capital; firm size; social performance and efficiency.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10036161
   
  
• Factor structure of Managerial Competencies, Training Need Assessment and Employee Productivity of mid-level Information Technology managers using Principal Component Analysis  
  by Manoj Kumar Dash, Gayatri Panda 
  Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to determine different factors of managerial competencies, TNA and employee productivity. Second, to consider the implications of such competencies and develop a conceptual framework among middle-level managers working in IT sector using PCA. The paper divided the study in two phases: First identification of competencies from the existing literature and validated scales, identification of variables of training need assessment and variables of employee productivity. Second, through Principal Component analysis (PCA) technique and Correlation analysis, the data was analyzed on a total of 412 valid responses collected during the data collection phase using a structured questionnaire. The authors used SPSS 20.0 to perform the analysis and reach to findings of the study. The identified competencies are dynamism and client oriented approach, acceptability towards change, delegation and team building, supportive environment risk management, ICT administration. Therefore, competency based training technique develop strategies to utilise the competencies of employees for organisational growth and minimisation of wasted efforts for achieving maximum benefit and results.
  Keywords: managerial competencies; training need assessment; employee productivity; information technology; sector; PCA; correlation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10036165
   
  
• Performance analysis of the footwear manufacturing assembly line: A case study using value stream mapping-simulation modeling (VSM-SM)  
  by Hiluf Reda, Akshay Dvivedi 
  Abstract: This research aims to analyse footwear manufacturing assembly lines’ performance and increase its production by maximising the measurement of performances like throughput and resource utilisation with a case study. A shoe model with 46 components has been selected from the case company. The study starts with VSM to visualise the process flow, identify the production status, and any potential alerts. A discrete event simulation model is used to analyse precisely the manufacturing system’s actual performance without disturbing the real system. After analysing the collected data using the Arena input analyser, a simulation model was developed, verified, validated, and run for 40 replications. Six proposed alternative solutions have experimented with Arena simulation software, and the best alternative solution results in improvement of output from 191 to 278 and from 174 to 536, line balance efficiency from 68.3% to 90.1%, and from 17.6% to 76% in stitching and lasting assembly lines, respectively.
  Keywords: value stream mappping; simulation-modelling; performance analysis; footwear; manufacturing assembly line; Ethiopia.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10036245
   
  
• Lean and Green Lean: Literature Review and Research Agenda  
  by GURUDUTT NAYAK, Amol Dhaigude, Debmallya Chatterjee 
  Abstract: The need to adopt sustainable practices and environmentally friendly products has compelled organisations to redefine their existing processes and adopt lean and green concepts to attain sustainability. This paper conducts a literature review of existing lean and green concepts in literature to identify gaps and thus, provide new direction for research. The paper presents a concept map with seven research areas comprising of different functions and industries. It outlines potential areas of future research so as to throw more light on how organisations can adopt green and lean practices for sustainable development. It also seeks to provide inputs to industry practitioners and aid them to design strategies for effectively adopt lean and green concepts.
  Keywords: lean; green lean; performance; small and medium enterprises; literature review; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10036286
   
  
• Exploration of factors for promoting women-owned digital enterprises: A conceptual viewpoint  
  by Sucheta Agarwal, VIVEK AGRAWAL, Jitendra Kumar 
  Abstract: Regardless of the glass ceiling effect and the question of flexible jobs, women entrepreneurs continue to enter the entrepreneurship sector. There has been more research into this field and woman entrepreneurs can be seen as the latest trend for women’s empowerment in the 21st century. Women are building employment, adding to economic prosperity, and also being responsible for enhancing the role of other women by developing digital enterprises. In doing so, the success of these digital enterprises is influenced by other factors. The purpose of this paper is to define, evaluate and clarify, in the sense of technological innovation, the factors associated with the growth of women’s own enterprises. A systematic and comprehensive analysis of literature has been carried out for the purpose of the research for the given time. The results stressed the relevance of regulatory policies and policy to the growth of women-owned digital enterprises, in addition to technical information, such as the occupation of parents, financial support from banks and government and non-profit organisations.
  Keywords: digital entrepreneurship; motivational factors; women enterprises; cultural factors; socio-economic factors.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10036360
   
  
• Role of Cyber-Physical System and Industry 4.0 in Smart Manufacturing Industries for Business Excellence  
  by Kamaljeet Motia, Raman Kumar, Sunil Kuma Luthra 
  Abstract: Industry 4.0 is the latest technology that helps in smart manufacturing in industries to increase production at low cost with good quality of products. Mechanical engineering plays a vital role in the development of Industry 4.0 by adding features kind of mechanical design, mechatronics and control and computational design for designing the overall functioning of components of automation manufacturing. It is a technology that is the combination of different IT technologies like IoT, cloud computing, CPS, etc. It is a stimulating and popular technology for smart manufacturing in industries. To deeply understand the concept of Industry 4.0 an attempt has been made in this paper to provide a detailed study on Industry4.0 that includes system architecture, challenges for principles of design, and components of Industry 4.0. Post that a literature survey on existing research papers has also been discussed. At last, comparative analysis of different existing projects of smart manufacturing has been presented.
  Keywords: Industry 4.0; internet of things; IoT; information and communication technologies; ICTs; smart objects cyber-physical system; CPS; cloud; information integration.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10036500
   
  
• Determinants of entrepreneurial innovation: Evidence from Kuwait  
  by Talla Aldeehani, Moid Ahmad 
  Abstract: Innovation score of a country is imperative to the entrepreneurial culture of any country which subsequently affects the local economy. A high income country like Kuwait is expected to be high on this rationale but literature suggests otherwise. This paper is based on the 14 pillars of global entrepreneurship index (GEI) to investigate the determinants of entrepreneurial innovation in Kuwait and analysis the favorable and unfavorable factors. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to investigate the causal relationships amongst the 14 pillars of entrepreneurship. We found that the government inefficiency is the main reason for the lack of entrepreneurship stimulus in the country. We found three explanatory latent variables: government efficiency, entrepreneurial risk, and skills/qualification which affect entrepreneur’s innovation. Entrepreneur’s qualification was observed with a direct link to innovation with significant direct and total influence.
  Keywords: entrepreneurial innovation; factor analysis; structural equation modelling; SEM; global entrepreneurship index; GEI; Kuwait.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10036539
   
  
• IMPACT OF TQM-SCM PRACTICES ON THE BUSINESS PERFORMANCE OF MANUFACTURING FIRMS: A CASE STUDY  
  by Mandeep Kaur, Kanwarpreet Singh, Doordarshi Singh 
  Abstract: Globalisation has changed the taste of customers; they want quality products at minimum cost within the minimum time period. That is why; manufacturing organisations are working to improve the quality, cost, and timely delivery of products through the synergistic implementation of quality principles with supply chain management. So, to access this current scenario of business performance through synergistic implementation of TQM-SCM, the current study has been carried out in the U-bolt section of the medium-scale manufacturing industry of India that has implemented both TQM-SCM. This study found that the synergistic approach of TQM-SCM is contributing in a better way than only the SCM approach.
  Keywords: TQM; Indian; supply chain management; SCM.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10036723
   
  
• INFLUENCE OF INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS ON GLOBAL CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PERFORMANCE  
  by SUJIT MONDAL, Tarak Nath Sahu, KALPATARU BANDOPADHYAY 
  Abstract: The study contributes to the problem in managing business-society relations through an institutional perspective of social responsibility. For this purpose, it makes use of various prominent institutional dynamics worldwide to predict their country-specific effects on global corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance for as many as 59 countries. By employing ordinary least square (OLS) model of regression analysis, the study documents that per capita industrial productivity and pollution level are negatively linked to CSR performance. In order to thrive for improved CSR performance, the study suggests governments at sub-national levels to work towards ensuring environmental sustainability through the enactment of more stringent laws concerning business conduct, ecology, pollution and biodiversity. It also urges the corporate sector to walk shoulder-to-shoulder with the government’s effort towards realising inclusive growth through proper and meaningful integration of various socio-economic and environmental concerns into its business process as well as CSR policy.
  Keywords: corporate social responsibility; CSR; sustainability; environment; pollution; stakeholder; accountability; institutional theory; legitimacy theory; institutional factors.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10036754
   
  
• State of art review on Smart Manufacturing  
  by Anilkumar Malaga, S. Vinodh 
  Abstract: Manufacturing sector has been witnessing a transition towards fourth generation paradigm. In this regard, information and communication technology (ICT) has a vital role in supporting this transition. Smart manufacturing (SM) has industrial potential in dealing with modern revolution. Smart manufacturing include integrative and collaborative characteristics to respond to dynamic needs of the customers. The purpose of the article is to report state of art review on smart manufacturing. Appropriate strategies and technologies support this transition and emergence of smart manufacturing. In this context, this article presents the review of smart manufacturing in ten different perspectives. The existing frameworks of SM have been reviewed and a framework has been proposed. The review is presented in dimensions such as definitions, principles, benefits, technologies, performance measures, integrated manufacturing systems, barriers, factors, applications and challenges. Insights derived from review have been discussed and a framework has been proposed.
  Keywords: smart manufacturing; review; ICT; internet of things; framework; cyber physical systems.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10036875
   
  
• Employee perceptions towards KM and innovation practices in Indian manufacturing: An ISM-SEM based approach  
  by Vasanth Kamath, Seena Biju, Amrithalakshmi Pai, Rajesh Pai 
  Abstract: This paper evaluates the employee perceptions towards the influence of knowledge management (KM) enabler strategies on KM effectiveness, and innovative ability in Indian manufacturing firms. The research is undertaken keeping in mind, the Make in India call by the Indian Government to boost the manufacturing sector. The study starts with a literature discussion leading to development of a conceptual model using interpretive structural modelling (ISM) technique. Research hypotheses are formulated, responses are collected from the employees from 32 manufacturing firms and are analysed. The findings reveal the existent issues in the implementation. It highlights the presence of a vast preach-practice gap in the manufacturing sector. This research would enable the practitioners to understand the lacunae in the development of sustainable innovation strategies by leveraging KM at their workplace. 2 V. Kamath et al. Keywords: knowledge management; benchmarking; innovative ability; Make in India; PLS analysis.
  Keywords: knowledge management; benchmarking; innovative ability; Make in India; PLS analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10037067
   
  
• Three Decades Publication Trends on High-performance Work System: A Bibliometric Review  
  by Muhammad Shahid Iqbal, Mohd Faizal Mohd Isa, Fadzli Shah Abd Aziz 
  Abstract: The discussion on the high-performance work system (HPWS) emerged since early 1989. Since then, scholars have frequently used the term high-performance work system further to analyse the evolution of this concept in this area. The purpose of this article is to trace current state of scientific work and important developments in HPWS by bibliometric review of the articles on high-performance work system published in the Scopus database from 1989 until 2020. A total of 592 documents were collected based on the search results. Most high-performance research work was carried out in the fields of business management, and social sciences. And the areas such as materials science biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology chemical engineering pharmacology, toxicology and pharmaceutics chemistry health professions were neglected. This study describes the evolution of the HPWS scientific literature and recognises areas of present research priorities and future research directions and dimensions related to HPWS.
  Keywords: HPWS; bibliometric analysis; organisational performance; human resource management.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10037070
   
  
• DMAIC Methodology for Productivity Improvement of Preventive Maintenance in Oil and Gas Company  
  by Sharfuddin Ahmed Khan, Abdullah Jaboa, Palvisha Zaib 
  Abstract: Maintenance is an integral part of any organisation success and improves customer satisfaction and increase profitability. The purpose of this study is to propose a systematic approach for implementing define-measure-analyse-improve-control (DMAIC) methodology in an Oil and Gas Company’s maintenance department using case based research. A well-known DMAIC techniques is implemented using tools such as value stream mapping (VSM) and 5 Why’s. Result shows the improvement of considered case company’s maintenance department performance in 20% reduction in PEC coordinator process, 50% reduction in inspection, cleaning process and assembly, and 25% reduction in pressure test. This study is unique in a sense that it is implemented in an oil and gas company to improve productivity of preventive maintenance operations and provide managerial insight to decision makers and practitioners.
  Keywords: productivity improvement; preventive maintenance; define-measure-analyse-improve-control; DMAIC; value stream mapping; VSM; 5 Why’s; case study; oil and gas sector.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10037071
   
  
• Business analytics in Indian firms: Evaluation of key factors using Fuzzy approach  
  by Deepak Singhal, Subham Priyadarshi, Sushanta Tripathy, Sarat Jena, Dhyandipta Panda 
  Abstract: With the application of a business analytics technique, an organization can create higher value and gain a better competitive advantage. However, Indian firms battle to execute a fruitful analytics system that synchronises information work processes on a typical stage. The rate of adoption of analytics over the value chain by Indian firms is slower when contrasted with the worldwide scene. The objective of the research paper is to explore and evaluate the critical factors which influence the effective execution of business analytics approaches within Indian organisations. This study explores twelve critical factors with the aid of a thorough review of literature and specialist’s feedback, and employ Fuzzy DEMATEL methodology to prioritise and determine the causal nature of the critical factors. The results show that factors such as tool certified resources, client timeline, and licensing cost of business analytics tools occupy the top 3 positions in the ranking hierarchy.
  Keywords: business analytics; India; fuzzy DEMATEL; critical factors.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10037221
   
  
• Opportunities Of Investment And Corporate Governance With Variable Mediation In The Form Of Profit Quality Of Corporate Value  
  by Susi Handayani 
  Abstract: This study is to analyse the effects of investment opportunity set, independent commissioner and audit committee on firm value through earnings response coefficient. The data used in this study was secondary data in the form of audited financial statements, annual company reports, and report summaries of mining companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2014 to 2016. Based on the criteria, total sample used in this study was 60 samples. Investment opportunity set (IOS) had positive and significant effect on firm value. On the other hand, proportion of independent commissioners did not affect firm value. It could be because the effectiveness of the function of independent commissioner in monitoring managerial performance was not only seen from the proportion of independent commissioners. The originality is because this study using earnings response coefficient as a mediating variable is new in research connecting IOS, independent commissioner and audit committee with firm value.
  Keywords: investment opportunity; corporate governance; firm value; quality of profit.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10037228
   
  
• THE EVALUATION OF THE SOFT SKILLS BY INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY EXECUTIVES WHEN HIRING A PROJECT MANAGER: A QUALITATIVE STUDY  
  by Nadia Pedrosa, Luciano Ferreira Da Silva, Cristina Dai Prá Martens 
  Abstract: The aim of this article is to describe the process of evaluating the soft skills when hiring information technology (IT) project managers, from the perspective of IT executives. We opted for the qualitative approach in which the research method adopted involved in-person interviews with 16 Brazilian IT executives from different business segments. Data analysis was performed using the ATLAS.ti tool and guided by the grounded theory technique with three coding cycles: open, axial and selective. The results showed that the scientific methods that evaluate the behaviour and personality of candidates are deprecated by Brazilian IT executives, because they prefer to use empirical methods, such as interviews with situational questions oriented to practical issues within the area. The theoretical contribution is made by means of six propositions resulting from the study of the hiring process of IT project managers, and can pave new paths for future research.
  Keywords: information technology project manager; soft skills; hiring; competencies in project management.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10037240
   
  
• Corporate Investment in an Uncertain Environment: Evidence from an Emerging Economy  
  by Abdul Haque, Muhammad Ali Jibran Qamar, Shahaid Abbas 
  Abstract: This paper investigates how idiosyncratic and macro uncertainty influence corporate investment. The study employs an augmented dynamic accelerator model (a.k.a. error correction model of investment method) over a panel of 327 non-financial Pakistani firms during the sample period 2007 to 2017. The study finds that both the idiosyncratic and macro types of uncertainty significantly affect the investment pattern of firms. Idiosyncratic uncertainty, measured through product demand, exerts a positive effect on investment, while share price uncertainty has a negative effect on investment. While two measures of macro uncertainty: stock market volatility and macro uncertainty index have positive and negative effects, respectively. However, the idiosyncratic uncertainty moderates the negative effect of the macro uncertainty index. Moreover, the cash flow has a significant positive effect, while sales growth also increases the investment of firms and thus confirms the standard accelerator principle.
  Keywords: idiosyncratic uncertainty; stock price volatility; macro uncertainty index; corporate investment.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10037278
   
  
• Examining the Mediation Effect of Exogenous Variables over Brand Switching Behavior: Evidences from Indian Women Consumers  
  by Sakkthivel Annamalai Manickam, Moovendhan V 
  Abstract: This paper focuses on finding mediation effect of selected exogenous variables between marketing mix and brand switching intentions. The paper chose certain exogenous variables such as peer and reference groups, society, brand value, external consultants, and intend to identify the mediating effect of such variables over marketing mix variables and brand switching intentions of women consumers. The study has been conducted among 250 women consumers of personal care products and the results revealed that: 1) all the selected exogenous variables have a positive mediation effect over brand switching intentions; 2) peer and reference groups found to have higher mediation effect followed by society, brand value and external consultants respectively and the implications are discussed.
  Keywords: brand switching intention; marketing mix; peer and reference groups; external consultant; social influence; mediation effect; women consumers; personal care products; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10037450
   
  
• Multilateralism in Nations: An Empirical Research  
  by Tarika Sikarwar 
  Abstract: The present study is based on the multilateralism of the ASEAN group with specific reference to two emerging powers of the Asian region, i.e., China and India. ASEAN is dependent on China for its economic and trade need. India apart from being a trading partner stands between the power game being played by the US and China in the ASEAN region. The study is an effort to understand the multilateral relations India, China, and the ASEAN region have with each other especially in terms of Trade. An analysis of the last twenty-six years data on trade-related variables between ASEAN with India and China is done and an understanding of the trend of the same has been made. Using statistical tools, differences in these trade-related variables between ASEAN with India, ASEAN with China, and ASEAN with ASAEN has been checked. The results have policy implications for these nations and groups.
  Keywords: Multilateralism; Trade Integration; ASEAN; India; China; Policy.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10037602
   
  
• The relationship between fashion consciousness and personality traits of Generation Y with moderating effect of Social Influence: An empirical investigation from India  
  by Anshu Lochab, Mohammad Salman, Kiran Mor, Arvind Kumar 
  Abstract: This study examines the personality traits as the antecedents of fashion consciousness among Gen Y buyers in the context of India, an adobe to the largest number of world’s Gen Y buyers. Besides it, this also attempts to evaluate whether the social influence moderates the association between the personality traits and fashion consciousness. The findings indicate that social influence does not moderate the openness to experience and fashion consciousness. While the relationship of consciousness to fashion consciousness, agreeableness to fashion consciousness, and neuroticism to fashion consciousness are weak when social influence is high and vice versa. The interaction effects of extraversion and social influence are significant.
  Keywords: personality traits; fashion consciousness; Gen Y; social influence; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10037761
   
  
• Developing an integrated framework of application of Wearable Devices in education  
  by Yanamandra Ramakrishna 
  Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to explore the existing knowledge about wearable devices in general and in education sector in particular by highlighting their applications, benefits, motivating factors, barriers for user-adoption process and to develop an integrated framework of application of these devices to achieve positive outcomes in an educational institution. The study develops an integrated framework of wearable devices in education sector through a systematic literature review. This framework will act as a tool for encouraging the adoption and usage of wearable devices in education for enhanced teaching-learning process, reduction of costs and increasing the stakeholder satisfaction. It is found that the management of educational institutions should create awareness, conduct training programs, and develop professional and standard policy to encourage teachers and students to adopt the wearable devices in their academic activities, teaching-learning, student engagement, interaction, assessment, evaluation and for providing transparent feedback.
  Keywords: wearable technology; wearable devices; benefits of wearable devices; wearables; application of wearable technology in education; educational technology; technology-based teaching; COVID-19.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10037904
   
  
• The Effect of TQM Practices on Organizational Performance: A Case study of Deming Awarded Indian Industry  
  by ANKESH MITTAL, PARDEEP GUPTA 
  Abstract: This paper aims to study how TQM practices as a business improvement methodology helped a heavy commercial vehicles manufacturing industry, namely ABC Ltd., to realise sustainability in manufacturing. To overcome some business challenges such as low productivity, financial issues, and low market presence, the industrys top management decided to implement TQM as a business excellence model and initiated its implementation in 2012. A conceptual case study research methodology has been utilised in this paper. Several improvement practices under TQM, such as management systems, vehicles, and improvement techniques, were performed systematically and strategically. As a result, new product delivery time came down from 21 days to 4.9 days, enhanced localisation in enrolling suppliers from 47% to 95%, defectives/vehicle rate decreased from 2.4 to 0.2, and total employee participation enhanced from 70% to 85%. Also, the industry attained both manufacturing and business excellence and got the Deming Prize in 2017.
  Keywords: total quality management; TQM; Deming award; business strategy; operational excellence; continuous development; business excellence model.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10038027
   
  
• An Empirical Evidence of Factors affecting Customer Retention aftersales in Luxury Car Industry: Case of India  
  by Rakesh Naru, Sushil K. Rai, Arvind Kumar Jain 
  Abstract: After sales service is as important as sales operations in car industry and enables a strong platform of customer retention for the longer period To avail the after sales services, the CRM mostly uses customer-calling system for getting the cars, which are due for service in the workshop The continuous and periodic services availed by the customers on time during the ownership of car from authorized retailer is defined as customer retention The present study addresses this issue by examining the factors that influence the appointment system and affect the customer retention and their loyalty The data was collected through a structured questionnaire developed for the study and distributed among the employees who were directly responsible for the appointment system Factor analysis has been applied to extract the factors that affect customer retention The study found that awareness about online-booking system and cost of the services.
  Keywords: customer retention; after sales; luxury car industry; factor analysis; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10038292
   
  
• Fostering Organization Citizenship Behavior through Personality: The moderating role of Demographics  
  by Richa Manocha, Taranjeet Duggal 
  Abstract: The research has been undertaken with an aim of finding out the moderating effect, if any, of gender, age and designation on personality and organisation citizenship behaviour. A descriptive study was undertaken on 504 employees of the IT sector. The variables have been measured with the help of self-administered questionnaire. Data was analysed through structural equation modelling technique. Categorical moderation (group moderation) method is applied to analyse the moderation effect. The parameters of measurement were male and females, young and old and senior level and junior level employees. The outcome of research demonstrated that gender, age, and designation moderate the relation of personality and organisation citizenship behaviour.
  Keywords: age; demographics; designation; gender; organisation citizenship; personality; stereotype.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10038303
   
  
• Evaluating the Critical success factors for Lean implementation in SMEs in Northern India using VIKOR Approach  
  by Sachin Saini, Doordarshi Singh 
  Abstract: Lean manufacturing is a proven methodology for enhancing the performance of SMEs but its application in SMEs requires some factors, i.e., critical success factors which are mandatory for boosting the implementation purposes. So, in this present investigation, 13 critical success factors that have profound effect on lean implementation have been selected after reviewing the literature and analyzed using the VIKOR approach with reference to SMEs in Northern India. VIKOR is a multi-criteria decision-making approach and an innovative method for arriving at the best solution to complex problems. The investigation reveals that management vision, training, business model, upgradation with time and participation of everyone in the organisation play a decisive role in implementing lean on the organisation floors. It is the management that prepares long time plans with a business model in mind and involves the people in them for the purpose of enhancement because they feel that it will ultimately reward them in the time to come even in times of recession.
  Keywords: small and medium enterprises; SMEs; VIKOR method; critical success factors; CSFs; lean manufacturing practices; multi-criteria decision-making techniques; multi-criteria decision making; MCDM.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10038326
   
  
• Financing Preferences and Decisions  
  by Vibhuti Mittal, T.V. Raman, Gurendra Nath Bhardwaj 
  Abstract: The Indian micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are dealing with the economic consequences of COVID-19 induced lockdowns and demand crisis. Amidst the uncertain environment, financing difficulties are one of the primary concerns for MSME entrepreneurs. The present study intends to assess the financing preferences and external financing decision of MSME entrepreneurs, along with the severity of financing constraints faced by them. The empirical data has been collected from the MSME entrepreneurs of the National Capital Region of India through a structured questionnaire. The results are interpreted through mean analysis, principal component analysis, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Key findings suggest that firm entrepreneurs follow pecking order behaviour of financing and display hesitance towards new-age financing alternatives. Moreover, various personal and firm attributes are found to be having influence over the financing decision of MSME entrepreneurs. The study contributes to explaining the financing behaviour of MSMEs in the Indian context.
  Keywords: entrepreneurial finance; MSME financing; financing behaviour; external financing decision; financing preferences.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10038421
   
  
• EXAMINING THE ROLE OF PATERNALISTIC LEADERSHIP AND EMPLOYEE VOICE TOWARDS EMPLOYEE CREATIVITY WITH MODERATING ROLE OF OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE  
  by Mariem Amamou, Mohammad Ali Yousef Yamin 
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is to ascertain factors which influence employee creativity and innovative work behaviour with the help of paternalistic leadership style, trust in leadership, employee motivation to learn and employee voice. Aside of direct relationship, openness to experience is studied as moderating variable between employee creativity and innovative work behaviour. Data were analysed with structural equation modelling (SEM). Findings of this research revealed that moral leadership, benevolent leadership, authoritarian leadership, motivation to learn, trust in leadership and employee voice explained 53.6% variance in employee creativity. Therefore, the innovative work behaviour was measured with employee creativity and openness to experience and showed 54.5% variance in innovative work behaviour. The effect size analysis f 2 indicates that moral leadership has substantial effect size to predict employee creativity. This study concludes that employee creativity, moral leadership, openness to experience, benevolent leadership and motivation to learn are essential factors for managerial consideration.
  Keywords: paternalistic leadership style; motivation to learn; employee voice; openness to experience; OTE; moderation; structural equation modelling; SEM.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10038475
   
  
• Assessing Inhibitors to adoption of m-wallet: A BWM Approach  
  by Ashwarya Kapoor, Rajiv Sindwani, Manisha Goel 
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is to propose a novel multi-criterion approach for assessment of inhibitors to mobile wallet (m-wallet) adoption among consumers. Nine barriers to m-wallet adoption are explored through systematic review of literature and discussion with expert. A relatively new and efficacious multi criterion decision making approach named best worst method (BWM) has been proposed to prioritise the hindrances in the adoption of m-wallet. Sensitivity analysis has been conducted to inspect the robustness of the study. Analysis revealed risk barrier, usage barrier and value barrier as the top three inhibitors to acceptance of m-wallet. Examination of the literature indicates that this study is among the pioneer studies to prioritise inhibitors to m-wallet acceptance using BWM. Current study provides valuable insights to the managers about the barriers to be focused upon while framing strategies, resulting in increase in the number of m-wallet users. The study will also provide framework for academicians to carry out further research in the field of mobile wallets.
  Keywords: mobile wallet; inhibitors; systematic literature review; barriers; best worst method; BWM; prioritisation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10038477
   
  
• The Role of Social Media Marketing in Revenue Enhancement; A Case of FIFA World Cup, 2022 in Qatar  
  by Haya Al-Kuwari 
  Abstract: This research aims to highlight the use of social media for enhancing the marketing effectiveness and revenues for the FIFA World Cup, 2022. This research and deep-dive analysis allowed developing two frameworks of recommendations and a list of key findings. The first is to develop a structured objective-based marketing strategy that employs traditional and social media channels in marketing for the 2022 FIFA World Cup. This includes adopting various marketing approaches, per attendees segments, through multiple media channels to obtain the advantages of both and minimise the disadvantages of each. The second is to apply an integrated set of recommendations to maximise the economic return for FIFA 2022, aiming to increase income for generating positive net revenue. The research could provide viable information and practical approaches for: 1) Social media marketers for Qatar, focusing on sports tourism; 2) The 2022 event committee in enhancing marketing and increasing the net economic benefits; 3) The middle-eastern marketers for major events illustrating the difference between traditional and social media marketing recommending the integration of both.
  Keywords: FIFA 2020; social media; traditional media; revenue; sports.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10038483
   
  
• Ethical leadership and team effectiveness: Mediating roles of a formal control system and Chinese guanxi  
  by Kihyun Park, Changsuk Ko, Junjie Wu 
  Abstract: This study aims to explore how a supervisor’s ethical leadership influences employees’ team effectiveness through the mechanism of a formal control system and Chinese guanxi. Using survey data collected from Chinese employees (N = 330), this study tests the proposed hypotheses. We found that ethical leadership not only plays a significant role in enhancing employees’ team effectiveness directly, but also does so indirectly by promoting formal control system and Chinese guanxi. This study contributes to the study of ethical leadership and extends our understanding of the underlying mechanism that links ethical leadership to team effectiveness in the context of China.
  Keywords: ethical leadership; formal control system; Chinese guanxi; team effectiveness; mediating mechanism.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10038553
   
  
• The Roles of Innovation and Internationalization in Explaining Dynamic Business Performance  
  by Wei-Kang Wang, Imen Tebourbi, Qian Long Kweh, Cheng-Che Li 
  Abstract: This study examines the effects of innovation (patent-related proxies), internationalisation (proxies measuring overseas business), and the interaction terms of the two variables on dynamic business performance (technical efficiency). A dynamic production model has been developed and assessed using a directional distance function (DDF) model under the Luenberger benefit function to measure technical efficiency of 467 firm-year observations of Taiwanese listed semiconductor companies during the sample period 2009 to 2015. The DDF efficiency analysis shows that technical efficiency fluctuated but remained relatively stable, with an overall mean value of 0.828. Regression results indicate that innovation and internationalisation contribute positively to dynamic business performance; although, the interaction between the two variables is not related to dynamic business performance. While innovation and internationalisation are important factors driving the dynamic business performance of the semiconductor companies in Taiwan, the vital economic assets of the industry have to be continuously protected.
  Keywords: innovation; internationalisation; business performance; dynamic data envelopment analysis; DEA; the Taiwanese semiconductor industry.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10038602
   
  
• Corporate Governance and Its Effect on Corporate Performance Using A Dynamic Panel Model: Evidence from Saudi Arabia  
  by Qadri Aljabri 
  Abstract: Capital market authority (CMA) in Saudi Arabia introduced principles of corporate governance in 2006, which were adopted by listed firms after facing a global financial crisis (Dubai Crisis) 2007/2008. CMA has the responsibility to regulate the Saudi stock market to increase investor confidence and protect the rights of shareholders. This study examines the association between governance mechanism and corporate performance using an upgraded dynamic panel model. Tradition estimation techniques such as static models are biased because of endogeneity issues. This study used various proxies of governance-mechanism and examines its relationship with corporate performance. The non-financial listed firm considers as the sample of the study for five years. The result shows the significant impact of corporate governance on corporate performance in the firms. The findings reveal that corporate governance principles help the firms to improve financial performance, and dynamic models are appropriate to examine the association between corporate-governance and corporate-performance.
  Keywords: corporate governance; firm performance; agency theory; dynamic panel model; system GMM.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10038638
   
  
• The Design and Use of Performance Management Systems in China’s Innovative Start-ups Using GLOBE Cultural and Leadership Elements: A Proposed Conceptual Framework  
  by Clarence Hung, A.K. Siti-Nabiha 
  Abstract: The purpose of this paper was to develop a conceptual framework to examine the type and design and use of performance management systems (PMSs), including the influence of national culture and leadership behaviours on PMSs in Chinas innovative start-up companies. The proposed conceptual framework was developed based on extensive analysis of the literature, and the utilisation of the GLOBE cultural theory to explain the attributes, behaviours and practices of Chinese start-up managers. It is believed that these characteristics influence the start-up managers decision-making regarding how to manage and control their organisations. The cultural dimension scores were used to analyse manager behaviours, and three theoretical propositions were derived from the conceptual framework. The propositions and framework developed can contribute to the body of knowledge on PMSs in small, technology-based, non-Western organisations, specifically innovative start-ups in China.
  Keywords: performance management system; PMS; management control; innovative start-up; Chinese culture; China.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10038683
   
  
• Assessing the impact of business incubation services on companies in Indian University based incubators  
  by Preethi Manniledam, Radha Ramanan 
  Abstract: The companies incubated in business incubators are expected to grow availing the services provided by the incubators. When the services provided are matching with the requirements of these companies, the incubation process become effective and the companies will be satisfied. It is seen that certain services are more valued and certain others are not, by the companies which are the clients of these incubators. The study conducted brings out the perception of the companies incubated in the Indian University based, government funded incubators, about the services offered and the effectiveness of the services. It throws light to the fact that providing some services more effectively can give more satisfied clients, and thus giving suggestions on how the resources available, especially those created with the government support, with the incubator could be used optimally.
  Keywords: incubator services; perceived effectiveness; perceived need; university based incubators; satisfaction matrix.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10038684
   
  
• Effect of sustainable competitive advantage on business excellence in the hotel industry  
  by Deepali Anand, Alka Munjal 
  Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to establish and study the impact of sustainable competitive advantage (cost leadership and differentiation) on business excellence in star-rated hotels. This will further help the top management define internal strategies that drive the organisation according to the adopted competitive strategy. Under descriptive research through survey method, a sample of 220 executives (top and middle management) from different star-rated hotels in NCR was taken. Structural equation modelling as a technique was adopted to conduct the analysis of the data obtained through the survey. Among the research results, it is worth focusing on the scale validation and testing of hypothesis that accentuated that competitive advantage (cost leadership and differentiation) has a significant impact on the formulation of business excellence strategies. Economies of scale, technology, partnership in the supply chain are important predictors of cost leadership; relation-building, service innovation and quality, brand image are predictors of differentiation. A clear understanding of the hotels on competitive strategies to be followed helps formulate internal business excellence strategies for success and higher profitability.
  Keywords: business excellence; cost leadership; differentiation; hotel industry; tourism sector.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10038685
   
  
• Does agility provide motivation? A comparative study of developer motivation levels between Agile and waterfall development methodologies.  
  by Srijith Sreenivasan, K. Kothandaraman 
  Abstract: The objective of this paper is to determine if the motivation level of engineers in agile projects is higher. The factors considered for measuring motivation are Job Involvement Role, Job Involvement Setting and Work Centrality. A quantitative survey was administrated using an online tool for this study. The research hypothesis was tested using Kruskal-Wallis test, which is a non-parametric test used for determining the statistical significance of population medians. The analysis reveals that the motivation level of engineers as measured by Job Involvement Role and Job Involvement setting in agile is significantly higher than that of waterfall. However, the motivation level as measured by Work Centrality dimension did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference between agile and waterfall. The outcome of the study will be useful in the industry while designing improvement initiatives in agile with respect to people management.
  Keywords: agile; waterfall; software development; employee motivation; lifecycle method; job involvement; work centrality; software engineers.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10038686
   
  
• New Enhancement of Shariah Governance in Islamic Finance and Halal Sectors in Malaysia: Bridging a Gap towards Integration  
  by Nurul Aini Muhamed, Muhammad Iqmal Hisham Kamaruddin, Nathasa Mazna Ramli 
  Abstract: This study examines the similarities and differences between the Shariah Governance Policy Document (SGPD 2019) and Malaysia Halal Management System (MHMS 2020) on Shariah governance structure and functions and requirements for Shariah/Halal committee. This study finds that SGPD 2019 is more comprehensive compared to MHMS 2020. Although both SGPD 2019 and MHMS 2020 emphasise Shariah governance in their policy documents and guidelines, however SGPD 2019 has specific indication Shariah governance compared to MHMS 2020. In addition, SGPD 2019 also has an extensive requirement for the Shariah committee as compared to the internal Halal committee by MHMS 2020. This study provides a comparison of Shariah governance that would be beneficial to authorities in the Islamic finance and Halal sectors to strengthen the industry. This study is exclusively calibrating the integration of Shariah governance guidelines from different authorities to be benefited in both Islamic finance and Halal sectors practices.
  Keywords: Shariah governance; Islamic finance; Halal; Malaysia.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10038812
   
  
• Creating Sustainable Competitive Advantages Through Dynamic Capabilities  
  by Renato Lopes Da Costa, Rita Geraldes, Leandro Ferreira Pereira, Álvaro Dias, Rui Gonçalves, João Geraldes 
  Abstract: Despite of the model’s capability, the resource-based view theory has received diverse criticism during the last years, which we believe that some of these criticisms deserve to be analysed. The present article intends to illustrate a new theoretical basis for the analysis of the resources and capabilities in order to explain the advantages of applying a conceptual model that articulates the VRIO framework, initially developed by Barney (1991) with a new conceptual model that allow companies to perceive the dynamism of the company’s competitive advantage through the inclusion of the values, dynamic capabilities and governance concepts from the VDS acronym.
  Keywords: dynamic capabilities; resource-based view; RBV; competitive advantage; strategic management; VRIO framework; value creation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10038817
   
  
• Assessing the relationship between organisational culture and employees’ performance. A study on private banking sector in Bangladesh  
  by Md Mostafijur Rahman  
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the association between organisational culture (OC) and employees’ performance (EP). By using Yamane (1967) formula the study has got 91 sample sizes and used a semi-structured questionnaire containing pre-coded and open-ended questions. All questions were rated with the Likert five-point scale. Chi-square test has been used to examine the relationship. The result shows that OC is significantly associated with EP. The finding demonstrates that when employees have, good relationship with colleagues, equity in reward, proper performance appraisal, teamwork environment and satisfaction with leadership style they are satisfied and motivated with leave rules, job security, salary, working schedule, job pressure, job autonomy and working hour. This relationship ensures higher performance. On the contrary, employees are dissatisfied and demotivated with the mentioned circumstances when they cannot participate in decision-making. The paper recommends that organisations should consider OC factors to enhance EP.
  Keywords: organisational culture; employees’ performance; private bank; Bangladesh; business excellence; Likert five-point scale; Chi-square.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10039043
   
  
• Strategy Identification and Prioritization via Blue Ocean: Evidence from an Emerging Country  
  by Mohammad Hakkak, Khaled Nawaser, Ali Vafaei-Zadeh, Haniruzila Hanifah, Samira Mohammadian 
  Abstract: The blue ocean strategy is a way to eliminate competition by creating a new market environment. Therefore, the present research has been devoted to creating a blue ocean space in the Sepahan Isfahan Cement Company. The present study’s statistical sample consists of 15 experts of the company who were identified by non-probability snowball sampling method. This study’s main statistical method is the one-sample t-test and the hierarchical analysis. Results identified 18 strategies for creating a blue ocean, involving one elimination, two reduction, ten amplification and five creation strategies. The known strategies were also prioritised in the form of six ways of breaking the boundaries of competition. The option of paying attention to the product’s functional/emotional characteristics was determined as the highest priority with a value of 0.234.
  Keywords: blue ocean; value-creation innovation; six market redemarcation routes; emerging country.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10039047
   
  
• How Organizational Leadership and Strategic Management helps in Business Excellence: Moderating role of Employees’ Motivation in UAE  
  by Anas Abudaqa, Rashed Alzahmi, Mohd. Faiz Hilmi, Gouher Ahmed 
  Abstract: These days businesses are more concerned about the small elements that lead to organisational excellence rather than increasing the volume of their business. The study employs SEM using smart-PLS software to investigate the moderating effect of employee motivation on the impact of organisational leadership and strategic management on organisational excellence. The findings through 300 samples show a positive relationship between organisational leadership and organisational excellence and strategic management and organisational excellence. The affiliation between employee motivation and organisational excellence is also found to be positive. The employee motivation positively moderates the affiliation between organisational leadership and organisational excellence and strategic management and organisational excellence. The firms should focus more from finding the sources of profitability to firm itself and from profit making to value driven products, the study also provides managerial insights for guiding about importance of their own decisions as well as the contribution of the employees.
  Keywords: organisational leadership; strategic management; employees’ motivation; business excellence; UAE.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10039104
   
  
• Influence of Perceived Usefulness and User Generated Content on Consumer Trust to make Online Purchase Decision  
  by Pavitra Sahai, Pratyush Gupta, Sumukh Hungund 
  Abstract: With the dawn of the 21st century, the field of marketing has completely transformed and restructured the methodology to ensure companies reach their customer. This paper aims to examine the influence of perceived usefulness and user generated content on consumer trust leading to a consumer purchase decision in the context of digital marketing. Firstly, a rigorous literature review is carried out to identify variables and to develop a conceptual framework. The survey respondents are identified through the snowball sampling method, and data is collected through an online survey. SEM is used to analyse the relationship among the study variables. The data is analysed using Smart PLS 3.0. The results indicate that user-generated content and perceived usefulness influence consumer trust, which influences consumer buying decisions. The insights gained from the study helps the marketing managers in identifying and developing digital marking strategies to build trust among consumers.
  Keywords: online purchase decision; perceived usefulness; user generated content; UGC; word of mouth; marketing mix elements; consumer trust.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10039188
   
  
• “Sustainable Packaging” in Fresh Food Supply Chain: Case of Kiwi Fruit Supply Chain in Uttarakhand  
  by Shantanu Trivedi, Saurav Negi, Neeraj Anand 
  Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to give an insight into the role of sustainable packaging in the supply chain of perishable food items. The paper mainly illustrates the core importance of the packaging of fresh fruits acting as a strategic component in increasing and enhancing the overall sustainability and performance activities of the entire supply chain in delivering the fresh fruit safely without hampering and degradation of the quality from the farm to fork. To achieve and adopt sustainability in packaging, a case of selected fruit (kiwi) in the Uttarakhand state of India has been discussed in this paper. The finding of this research shows how new packaging design can be adopted and strategise to achieve sustainability in the food supply chain, which would help to understand and comprehend the different proactive integrated approaches in packaging development processes to enhance eco-efficiency and shelf life along the supply chain.
  Keywords: sustainable packaging; sustainable supply chain management; innovative packaging; fresh food supply chain; biodegradable packaging.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10039235
   
  
• Tourism Prospects and Economic Affluence of North-East India: A Comparative Study  
  by Najul Laskar, Pranesh Debnath 
  Abstract: This paper attempts to explore the association between economic prosperity and tourism development in the north east (NE) states during the financial year from 20112012 to 20172018. Considering the secondary data, the study observed that there are massive inequalities and volatility in economic growth among the NE states under consideration as compared to the national average measured through the gross domestic product. Analysis of tourists influx statistics disclosed that tourists arrival in Assam is highest, and it shares more than 66% of total tourists in the NE region during the study period whereas, the lowest in Nagaland, contributing less than 1%. Nevertheless, the compound annual growth rate of tourist arrival in the region, Arunachal Pradesh, shows the highest with 24.84%, which is above the average growth of the country and Mizoram (2.98% only) registered the lowest.
  Keywords: tourism; tourists arrival; gross state domestic product; economic development; north-east region; employment.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10039267
   
  
• Psychometric Testing-The game changer-A 360-degree view of Psychometric testing and its applicability in HR functions  
  by Devi Manikeswari G, SATYA PAVAN KUMAR R, Suresh Sirisetti 
  Abstract: The introduction and application of psychometric testing in HRM has proved to bestow benefits across so many different aspects that fall into the role of human resource (HR). Though popular for being used for employee selection, psychometric testing has been used for many other purposes as well. This paper aims at highlighting the different functions of HR across which psychometric testing could be put to use, and also provides an insight into the types and tools of psychometric testing. Descriptive research has been carried out to address the objectives of the current research paper. The research indicates that psychometric testing is a phenomenon that has immense potential when used within the framework of the set standards and guidelines by trained/certified professionals. Using psychometric tests in conjunction with traditional HR practices leads to improved organisational effectiveness through minimising problems such as bad-hires, labour turnover, low levels of employee engagement, etc.
  Keywords: psychometric testing; evolution of psychometric testing; emergence of psychometric testing in HRM; applications of psychometric testing; types and tools of psychometric tests.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10039309
   
  
• Executive Coaching Research: Possibilities and Vulnerabilities  
  by Haritha Etakula, Ganesh M.P 
  Abstract: In the mutating corporate world, it is imperative for organisations to constantly review and re-invent their strategies of service and production policies. Senior executives play a crucial role in the growth of such organisations. It is crucial that these executives are informed, inclusive, and innovative in their thought processes. It has therefore become critical for organisations to spend considerable resources in grooming effective leaders in thought-skills and mentorship methods. Learning and development departments are increasingly using holistic development initiatives, such as coaching and mentoring. Executive coaching, as a developmental tool, has seen an increased interest and usage amongst corporates across industries, drawing the attention of academicians as well. Topical literature suggests that there is a burgeoning interest in the practice of coaching based on research. In this context, this paper deliberates on the possibilities and probable issues that a researcher may face at different stages of research on executive coaching.
  Keywords: executive coaching; coaching approaches; leadership development; human resources; organisation development; research methodology.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10039341
   
  
• Assessing the Factors of Social Media Advertising: Integrated ISM-MICMAC Approach  
  by Deepika Badndil, VIVEK AGRAWAL 
  Abstract: Advertisers are utilising social media platforms for marketing and advertising related activities, which address a wide range of audience including kids. The purpose of this paper is threefold: to identify the factors of social media advertising (SMA) that affect kids, to develop a model using the identified factors, and to classify the factors under four clusters as per their dependence and driving power. Eleven factors have been shortlisted with the expert opinion. These factors are arranged in a systematic model or digraph by implementing interpretative structural modelling (ISM) methodology. Further, with the help of MICMAC analysis, these factors are grouped under four clusters. This study provides a comprehensible relationship model among the identified factors, which can help managers to decide on their advertising scheme. Research on the effects of SMA on kids in Indian context is still untapped and need to be explored. Therefore, this paper can be a good start to initiate research in this arena for future research scholars.
  Keywords: social media; advertising; kids; purchase intentions; ISM.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10039536
   
  
• The effect of relationship quality and leader's fairness on organizational citizenship behaviour: The role of mediation, psychological empowerment, and confidence in the leader  
  by Raed Khamis Alharbi  
  Abstract: Because of the intense competition, organisations are thinking of introducing a new appropriate mechanism to respond to the environmental changes by creating organisational citizenship behaviour. This kind of action requires justice and relationship quality in the relationship of the organisation’s leader that makes the employees trust and psychological empowerment him. This study investigates the impact of the two independent variables of justice of the leader and his relationship quality on the dependent variable of the organisational citizenship behaviour through the two mediatory variables of trust in the leader and psychological empowerment. The sample of the study consists of employees of governmental hospitals. To form the study’s conceptual framework, five variables are processed: justice of the leader, the relationship quality, trust in the leader, the psychological empowerment, and the organisational citizenship behaviour. The problem of the study is derived from the results of interviews and pilot study. The analysis depends on the experimental design and the data collected from 360 employees selected randomly from the hospitals under investigation.
  Keywords: relationship quality; citizenship behaviour; psychological empowerment; leader’s fairness.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10039537
   
  
• Factors Affecting the Intention to Adopt IT Forensic Accounting Tools to Detect Financial Cybercrimes  
  by Hashem Alshurafat, Mohannad Al Shbail, Mohammad Almuiet 
  Abstract: As the financial cybercrime incidents have been increased, the need for effective tools to detect such incidents has also been increased. IT forensic accounting tools have been recognized as effective tools to detect financial cybercrimes. However, the factors that affect the intention to adopt these tools remain empirically unexplored. This research incorporates the theoretical foundations of the technology acceptance model (???) and diffusion of innovations (DOI) to explore the intention to adopt IT forensic accounting tools to detect financial cybercrimes. The model was tested using data collected from 113 certified public accountants affiliated with both the Big 4 and non-Big 4 (non-affiliated) Jordanian audit firms. Results show perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and trialability affect one’s attitude toward using IT forensic accounting tools, which will ultimately shape the intention of adopting IT forensic accounting tools. Findings expand our understanding of adopting IT forensic accounting tools toward detecting financial cybercrimes.
  Keywords: technology acceptance model; TAM; diffusion of innovations; DOI; structural equation modelling; SEM; IT forensic accounting tools.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10039538
   
  
• Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance of Indian Banks: Panel Data Analysis  
  by Akanksha Shukla 
  Abstract: Studies have been carried out to determine the association between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and financial performance of the firm. Also the debate whether CSR is relevant for financial firms and banks or not exists. So, the current research attempts to measure the influence of CSR on profitability of the banks. Panel data regression analysis has been conducted on data of 27 banks of India for the crucial period from 2010 to 2011 to 2018 to 2019. The findings reveal that the expenditure made on CSR activities significantly influences the profitability of banks measured using profit after tax. However, insignificant effect of CSRE on ROA and ROE of the firm was shown. It provides a validated model which can be used to determine influence of expenditure on social responsibility activities of firms on their financial well-being.
  Keywords: banks; corporate social responsibility expenditure; fixed effect; Hausman test; panel data; random effect; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10039572
   
  
• Making Sense of Brand: How Customer Experience Leads to Brand Image and Price Premium?  
  by Effat Sadat Mahboobir Renani, Seyed Fathollah Amiri Aghdaie, Majid Mohammad Shafiee 
  Abstract: This research aims to examine the effect of customer experience on brand image and price premium among home appliance customers. Data were collected from 400 participants by cluster sampling method from selected stores of Iran. Respondents were purchasers of home appliance brands. For data collection, we used a questionnaire, which contained verified items on key research variables, i.e., customer experience, brand image and price premium. Factor analysis and structural equation modelling were applied to test the hypotheses. The results indicated that customer experience has a significant effect on price premium and brand image. Meanwhile, brand image plays a mediating role between customer experience and price premium. Our findings offer several contributions to the existing body of knowledge on the relationship between brand and consumer behaviour. This research allows academics to explain better the impact of customer experience on brand image and intention to pay higher prices for the brand.
  Keywords: customer experience; price premium; brand image; home appliance industry.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10039691
   
  
• Earned Value Management Application In the Jordanian Construction Companies  
  by Wafa Eid, Rateb Sweis, Lilana Sukkari 
  Abstract: This research aims to explore the effect of utilising the software-enabled earned value management (EVM) technique on the perceived performance of projects executed by the construction contracting companies in Jordan. A total of 62 questionnaires were collected and analysed using exploratory factor analysis, multiple, simple linear regression and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results demonstrate a significant positive effect of the utilisation of software-enabled EVM on the performance. Also, a positive significant effect of the supposed drivers was detected on the utilisation of system engineers (SE)/EVM, with the highest effect related to the internal system integration. The study concluded that, if the construction contracting companies in Jordan want to enhance their perceived performance, they may have to consider the utilisation of such SE/EVM and other related information systems.
  Keywords: earned value management; EVM; software utilisation; project management; construction contracting companies; Jordan.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10039702
   
  
• Understanding Undervalued vs. Non-Undervalued Stocks from the Firm Characteristics Perspective: The Case of Malaysia  
  by Irene Wei Kiong Ting, Noor Azlinna Azizan, Premjit Singh, Qian Long Kweh 
  Abstract: From the perspective of firm characteristics, this study explores the determinants of the performance of undervalued stocks compared with that of non-undervalued stocks over a ten-year period (2006 —2015). The performance of these stocks is significantly and positively affected by operating cash flow, and firm performance decreases along with increasing debt. In this case, both undervalued and non-undervalued tasks should monitor the level of their leverage. These results provide a novel understanding of undervalued stocks and help investors identify firm characteristics that can improve stock performance. These results may also guide firm managers in aligning undervalued or non-undervalued stocks with the characteristics of their firms. The new perspectives offered by this study on the other determinants of stock performance can also benefit future scholars in this field.
  Keywords: stock performance; firm characteristics; undervalued stocks; non-undervalued stocks; Malaysia.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10039703
   
  
• Smarter and Sustainable Future Cities - An Extensive Literature Review  
  by VINAY KANDPAL, Veena Dutta, Osamah Khalaf 
  Abstract: There has been an exponential growth in the population to urban cities from the past few decades. The shift from the rural areas is due to the enormous facilities available in the cities, especially the infrastructure and a mammoth market for jobs. A smart city would be a city with smart people, a smart environment, smart technology, smart energy, smart transportation, smart information technology and communication, and smart governance. This research uses a systematic review of the literature. It focuses on the issues and challenges faced while building and maintaining a smart city as overpopulation is a rising cause of concern. In a smart city, big data and artificial intelligence would create an infrastructure that enhances people’s living conditions. It is all about using advanced technology creatively.
  Keywords: smart city; foreign direct investment; public-private partnership; smartness; sustainable; technology; governance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10039730
   
  
• ANALYSING THE SHOPPING BEHAVIOUR IN THE FASHION SEGMENT THROUGH SHOWROOMING TECHNIQUE  
  by Parvi Bharti, Harpreet Singh Grewal, Chirag Singhal, Himanshu Kargeti 
  Abstract: Showrooming is a phenomenon that has affected the retail markets to a great extent. The walk-ins of consumers have decreased a lot because of the increase in online shopping, but more so ever the purchase process has also been affected because of the showrooming trend. In this study attempt has been made to understand the variables of showrooming behaviour in the fashion segment. This product segment requires the consumers to feel satisfied with the quality, thus making them shop through the integrated mode of showrooming rather than directly buying the product online.
  Keywords: in-store; online; shopping; showrooming; behaviour; economic rationality; utility; quality.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10039741
   
  
• Direct and Mediating Effects of Work Engagement on Organizational Commitment: A Conceptual Framework  
  by Harleen Kaur, POOJA Mehta 
  Abstract: Work engagement is multi-faceted and this study unfurls the entirely diverse outlook of work engagement. Nowadays, employee engagement is considered as one of the important challenges in front of management. In addition to attracting and retaining the best talent, keeping them committed and engaged has also become imperative in the interest of organisations. Employee engagement appears as a mantra to success in the time of hard-hitting competition and slow growth panoramas. Employees are expected to be affianced, when they find their work meaningful, receive positive response and support from the organisation. Engaged employees have the innate aspiration to contribute to the achievement of organisational objectives rather than their personal goals. The term employee engagement has gained huge attention from academicians and researchers since inception. The present study aims at examining the structural relationship among four significant concepts which are: meaningful work, perceived organisational support, work engagement and organisational commitment. To study the relationship, it proposes a conceptual framework, revealing direct as well as the mediating effect of engagement on commitment. The role of antecedents of engagement, namely meaningful work and perceived organisational support (POS) in influencing organisational commitment is also highlighted by the model.
  Keywords: meaningful work; perceived organisational support; POS; work engagement; organisational commitment.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10039742
   
  
• THE RELATION BETWEEN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, PROJECT PLANNING, DECISION MAKING AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE  
  by Aferdita Berisha-Shaqiri, Emin Neziraj 
  Abstract: Good projects need good plans, to plan successfully; first, we need to understand the role and importance of defining and analysing the problems of a project. Good plans need to define clearly the purpose and then the objectives system of a project. IT technology clearly supports the planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation process of projects. Nowadays, developing a business cannot be imagined without the application of IT, tools and methods it helps to build a strong foundation for managing successful. Project management is the discipline of planning, organising, and managing resources in order to meet specific project objectives and achieve its goals. The main challenge of project management is to achieve all project goals and objectives while staying within the constraints and frameworks previously established, where the performance, timing, and budget are key. The purpose of this paper is to present the role and importance of using information technology in project planning to create competitive advantage by carefully planning the budget.
  Keywords: project; managing; decision making; competitive; business.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10039810
   
  
• Analyzing Critical Success Factors for Smart Manufacturing System Adoption in Indian SMEs  
  by MONICA SHUKLA, RAVI SHANKAR 
  Abstract: In recent years, manufacturing has evolved to a level where it is now more intelligent, flexible, mass-customised, highly productive and possesses better quality. For this, smart manufacturing systems (SMS) is applied to radically improve productivity and product innovation. The paper tries to take a step closer towards this revolution by finding the critical success factors (CSFs) for the adoption of SMS in Indian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and is analysed using the fuzzy extended analytical hierarchal process (FEAHP) approach. Amongst the ranked factor, it is found that factors at the strategic level like government initiatives (C1), Future vision of organisations (C2), and regularity compliance (C5) are the most promising ones. The study results will help the decision-makers or managers of the enterprises to make decisions analytically and focus on the significant factors responsible for such technological change.
  Keywords: critical success factors; smart manufacturing system; fuzzy extended AHP; small and medium enterprises; managerial aspects.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10039877
   
  
• The impact of leadership styles on group effectiveness in public sector commercial banks  
  by A.K.S. Sukumaran 
  Abstract: Banking industry was considered to be a stable industry. Previous literature identified leadership behaviour falling into transformational, transactional, and passive styles. The present study examined the relationship between the styles of leadership behaviour of the branch managers of public sector commercial banks and group effectiveness and found that transactional and passive leadership styles of behaviour significantly affected group effectiveness. The present study, however, found that group effectiveness did not affect group performance measured in terms of customer satisfaction. Need was expressed in the previous literature for studies linking leadership age and experience with group effectiveness. Hence, the present study used leadership age and experience as moderators to address this gap and found that leadership age and their total experience did not make any difference on the effect of the transactional style of leadership behaviour on group effectiveness in the commercial banking industry.
  Keywords: leadership styles; commercial banking industry; transactional leadership; transformational leadership; passive leadership; group effectiveness; customer satisfaction.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10039878
   
  
• Re-Engaging Employees during COVID-19 Pandemic - With special reference to Indian IT Companies.  
  by Rajeesh Viswanathan, Mohsin Khan, Sarathlal N 
  Abstract: The motive of the study is to analyse the challenges of managers in IT sectors in re-engaging the employees during COVID-19 pandemic a situation when layoff was the buzz across the globe as organisations had come to a standstill. Every sector across the globe was affected and the fear of job uncertainty started looming over the head. To motivate and reengage the employees and rebuilt the trust had become a nightmare in such a scenario where in the future was bleak. In this exploratory study among IT employees, the multistage random sampling method is used to collect the data with a structured questionnaire. It was inferred from the study that the level of job security, adaptability, psychological availability, supportive supervision and employee engagement is low among the employees in this strong assertive situation but employee reengagement is positively influenced by job security, adaptability, psychological availability, supportive supervision.
  Keywords: job security; adaptability; psychological availability; supportive supervision; IT companies; COVID-19; re-engagement.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10039879
   
  
• Identifying and Ranking the Components of Entrepreneurship Implementation in Public Universities  
  by Mohammad Hakkak, Mohammad Hossein Azadi, Khaled Nawaser, Haniruzila Hanifah, Ali Vafaei-Zadeh 
  Abstract: The present study was to identify the implementation components of entrepreneurial universities. The components were identified and ranked into five dimensions which are management, services, relationship with society, infrastructure, and output. To determine the weight of the components, type-2 fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) methods was used. The results indicated that relationship with society was an effective dimension, due to its positive D-R value. Management and infrastructure were considered as the affected ones because of their negative D-R values. Since universities and colleges are facing great paradoxes such as low financial resources, high volume of academic activities, speed and flexibility in development of new fields of study, they are required to find an entrepreneurial answer to the growing imbalance in the relationships between universities and their surrounding environments in order to gain better chances to control their destiny.
  Keywords: entrepreneur; entrepreneurial university; type-2 fuzzy numbers; analytic hierarchy process; AHP; DEMATEL.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10039942
   
  
• Innovation and New Product Development: Opportunities and Challenges  
  by Pratap Chandra Mandal  
  Abstract: Business does not exist without customers. Companies require understanding customer requirements well and offering products accordingly. Products need to be developed based on innovative ideas combined with customer preferences. The study discusses about the various aspects of innovation, the need for innovation to beat the competition, the challenges faced in innovation, organisational requirements, budgeting, and organisational processes for innovation. The study focuses on generating innovative ideas from a number of sources. Innovation is an ever-evolving field and companies require generating innovative ideas and implementing them. To achieve this, companies require a culture of innovation, top management support, motivated employees, and a strong desire to learn even from failed ventures. Both academicians and practitioners will appreciate the importance of innovation in new product development and the organisational practices required for innovation. Based on these approaches, companies will be able to gauge their initiatives and strategies, align their processes, satisfy their customers, and succeed in the competition.
  Keywords: innovation; new product development; budgeting; organisational processes; cross-functional teams; crowdsourcing.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10039943
   
  
• A Roadmap for Lean Production Tools Implementation  
  by Saeed Zeinalpour, Soroush Avakh Darestani 
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is to identify the tools for implementing lean production. Also, providing a suitable roadmap for the implementation of lean production tools is another purpose of this research. This study examined the priority of using various lean tools with the focus on achieving lean production goals in Supplying Automotive Parts Company (SAPCO). At first, various tools of lean production were extracted using library research. They were reviewed and prioritised by analytic network process (ANP). In the next step, the interactions of the effectiveness and susceptibility of lean tools has been extracted through decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method. By analysing the obtained results, a suitable roadmap for the implementation of lean manufacturing tools [including personnel (continuous improvement, performance management, organising), Kaizen, value stream map, 5S, standard work, productive maintenance, pull system, Jidoka, single minute exchange of die, Heijunka and continuous flow] has been presented.
  Keywords: lean production; analytic network process; ANP; DEMATEL; supplier enhancement.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10040214
   
  
• Analytical Study for evaluating the Barriers of Industry 4.0 Implementation  
  by Harsimran Singh Sodhi  
  Abstract: The main purpose of this study is to identify the various barriers in the implementation of Industry 40 in the manufacturing organisations. In this study, SME’s of manufacturing sector have been extensively surveyed, to assess the relative impact of barriers in the implementation of Industry 4.0 in a manufacturing organisation. Further analytical hierarchy process have been used identify the most significant barrier. Major barriers in the implementation of an Industry 4.0 in a manufacturing organisation have been identified and their weightage have been calculated through AHP model. This study will assist the floor managers in manufacturing organisations to identify the major barriers and to plan accordingly for the adequate implementation of Industry 4.0 in their organisations.
  Keywords: Industry 4.0; barriers; analytical hierarchy process; AHP.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10040223
   
  
• The Mediating Effect of Customer Sociability on the relationship between Digital Marketing and Customer Engagement  
  by FARAJ ALDAIHANI 
  Abstract: The focus of the current study is to highlight the impact of digital marketing on customer behaviour. It was hypothesised that mobile marketing and social media marketing have significant effects on customer engagement through customer sociability using a sample of university students. The sample of this study consists of university students in Kuwait. 211 students were agreed to participate in the study based on the results of a convenience sampling technique undertaken via online administration of the questionnaire of the study. Data were collected using a questionnaire adapted from previous studies, and analysed by IBM SPSS 25.0 AMOS 22.0. The results indicated that mobile marketing and social media marketing had significant effects on customer satisfaction. Furthermore, the results confirmed that customer sociability significantly mediated the effects of both mobile marketing and social media marketing on customer engagement. It was recommended that firms should paid more attention to digital marketing tools as well as customer sociability to ensure sufficient benefits of digital marketing implementation.
  Keywords: customer sociability; digital marketing; customer engagement; Kuwait.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10040232
   
  
• Knowledge Acquisition and Innovativeness in The International Joint Ventures: Insights from Oil and Gas Industry in Algeria  
  by H. Hartini, Tamma Elhachemi, A. Fakhrorazi, Yudi Fernando, Rusdi Omar, Muhammad Shabir Shaharudin 
  Abstract: The paper aims to investigate the factors that influence international joint ventures (IJV’s) knowledge acquisition, and its innovativeness. Data were retrieved through a survey using a self-administered technique. The participants comprised of 126 top managers from oil and gas that involved in IJVs in Algeria. Using PLS-SEM as the statistical tool, the findings show that a relationship does exist between transfer mechanisms and IJV knowledge acquisition. However, knowledge management practices did not indicate any significant influence on IJV knowledge acquisition. Furthermore, the findings also indicate that knowledge acquisition does improve IJV innovativeness. This paper argued that firms that efficiently obtain and utilise new knowledge are more capable of fostering innovation. It is argued that, when IJVs are effective in acquiring new knowledge, they are likely to attain higher innovativeness, enabling them to create new ideas, products or processes.
  Keywords: knowledge acquisition; knowledge management practices; transfer mechanisms; innovativeness; international joint venture; IJV; Algeria.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10040289
   
  
• The perceived organizational effectiveness and occupational stress: A study of bank employees  
  by Meenu Saini, Dev Kumar, Rahul Kumar 
  Abstract: This paper aims to measure and compare employees’ perceived organisational effectiveness in selected banks and measure the impact of occupational stress on the perceived organisational effectiveness of employees in selected banks. The authors collected data through questionnaires from 302 employees of selected banks. Analysis of variance and linear regression is employed for testing the hypotheses. Data is analysed by using IBM Statistical Package for Social Science, version 20. The results indicate uniformity in the level of perceived organisational effectiveness of employees. The study further revealed that occupational stress has a negative influence on perceived organisational effectiveness. The present research has focused on the banking sector employees of Haryana state only and can be extended to the other relevant sectors of the economy across India’s different states. The management can effectively and efficiently enhance banking operations if the banks’ management can reduce the stress level of their employee.
  Keywords: perceived organisational effectiveness; occupational stress; banking sector; employee.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10040354
   
  
• Effect of learning organisation on organisational performance mediated by innovation  
  by Zubair Hassan 
  Abstract: This research examined the impact of the learning organisation on organisation performance through innovation among the multinationals residing in Malaysia. Learning organisation is measured using the seven dimensions of Learning Organsiation Culture developed Watkins and Marsick (1993). The dependent variables are innovation and organisational performance. Data was collected using from a sample of 155 respondents using systematic random probability sampling. The finding showed that only system connectivity has significantly positive impact on organisational performance. Also, this study found that an embedded system has a significant but negative impact on organisational performance. This study found that none of the learning organisation dimensions have any significant effect on innovation. However, innovation has a positive and significant effect on organisational performance. Also, this study did not find any mediating effect of innovation on relationship between learning organisation and organisational performance. The implication, limitation and future research direction were discussed.
  Keywords: learning organisation; innovation; organisational performance; multinationals; Malaysia.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10040355
   
  
• The Analysis of Big Five Factor Personality between Indian Academic and Industry Sector  
  by Vimal Kumar, Priyanka C. Bhatt, Vani Suthamathi Saravanarajan 
  Abstract: The purpose of this study to analyse the Big Five factor personality trait model (openness to experience, neuroticism, conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness) between Indian academic and industry sector. The empirical data for this study were drawn from a survey of 158 academicians and 108 firms from India to examine the validity and reliability of the two independent constructs (Indian firms and academia) and five dependent constructs (five factor model of personality). The data were analysed employing independent sample t-test. The findings of this study facilitate to understand how the academia and institution teams emerge and construct a systematic strategic approach in mapping out the actions taken to achieve results, including timeline and milestones. The results lent good support to these hypotheses. The novelty of this research is to consider the dynamic personality to define its characteristics in academics and industries.
  Keywords: Big Five factor; personality traits; Indian academic sector; Indian industry sector; academia industry collaboration.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10040439
   
  
• Investigating employee proactivity and organizational innovation through the lens of leader’s language and human resource practices  
  by Mohammad Jaouadi 
  Abstract: Innovation is the holy grail of an organisation and enables organisation to achieve competitive advantages. Thus, the current study investigate how human resource practices and leaders motivational language impact employee proactivity and organisational innovation. Data were analysed with 295 responses received from employees working in public sector organisations. Findings of the structural equation modelling (SEM) indicate that altogether human resource practices and motivational language theory exhibited substantial variance R2 80.1% in employee proactivity. Aside of direct relationship, the moderating effect of employee vitality is investigated and confirmed that the moderating relationship between employee proactivity and organisational innovation will be stronger when employee vitality is higher. The effect size analysis f2 revealed that empathetic language is the most important construct when measuring employee proactivity. Therefore, importance performance analysis demonstrates that employee proactivity, empathetic language, employee vitality and meaning making language are the core constructs to achieve organisational innovation.
  Keywords: empathetic language; direction-giving language; meaning-making language; human resource practices; HRP; employee proactivity; organisational innovation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10040498
   
  
• Understanding the synergy between quality management and market orientation: a systematic literature review and identification of research avenues  
  by Younès El Manzani  
  Abstract: The purpose of the study consists of systematising the current situation of scientific research about the relationship between quality management (QM) and market orientation (MO). Through a systematic literature review, the results show that QM and MO are two synergistic rather than competitive approaches. On the one hand, QM contributes to MO by: 1) facilitating its implementation within the organisation; 2) making its internal processes efficient; 3) supporting its relational marketing process. On the other hand, MO contributes to QM by: 1) providing it with the relevant market information; 2) guiding the internal quality processes; 3) playing an important role in the formulation and implementation of competitive quality-based strategies. Also, the results point out that the synergy between QM and MO could support the firm to create and deliver superior value to the customer, achieve the goal of customer satisfaction, and improve business performance.
  Keywords: quality management; ISO 9001; TQM; marketing; market orientation; complementarity; synergy; systematic literature review.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10040499
   
  
• A novel hierarchical ranking method for idea screening in new product development  
  by Mahesh Caisucar, RAJESH PRABHU GAONKAR 
  Abstract: Idea screening is an important stage in the NPD process involving lot of uncertainty causing elements and hence a structured approach like multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques is required to select the best alternative among available alternatives. The available MCDM methods do not consider the relative importance of all alternative ratings in the decision-making process. This paper proposes a new hierarchical ranking method to select the best alternative by taking in to account the relative weightage of each of alternative rating. The uniqueness of the method lies in the fact that, to get the global weightage for each alternative rating against criteria, the effect of sum of all the alternative rating is taken except for the one under consideration. Case study in manufacturing industry is taken to validate the method using COPRAS G.
  Keywords: new product development; multi-criteria decision-making; MCDM; ranking method; COPRAS G; fuzzy TOPSIS.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10040689
   
  
• The Relationship between Brand Experience, Brand Trust and Brand Identification in the process of creating Brand Love  
  by Smriti Pande, Kriti Priya Gupta 
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is to empirically test the relationship between consumer?brand relationship constructs namely brand experience, brand trust, brand identification and brand love amongst Indian young consumers. The conceptual framework formulated based on literature was tested using a total of 352 questionnaires collected from the respondents and empirically analysed using structural equation modelling. The respondents were selected on the basis of convenience sampling in the national capital territory (NCT) of Delhi. The results show that the major driver of brand love and brand identification is brand trust. Brand experience mainly drives brand trust but has no direct impact on brand identification and brand love. However, the relationship between brand experience and brand love is completely mediated through brand trust. Brand identification has a significant direct impact on brand love and it also, partially mediates the relationship between brand trust and brand love.
  Keywords: apparel; India; consumer; brand experience; brand trust; brand identification; brand love; consumer-brand relationship; young; national capital territory; NCT.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10040693
   
  
• A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for Growth in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)  
  by Ansita Aggarwal, Amit Kumar Dwivedi 
  Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to identify the key performance indicators (KPIs) that have an impact on the growth of SMEs. SMEs’ growth factors research has evolved in recent years. The study aims to recognise significant contributors, key factors, current trends, and future directions for research in SMEs. In a sample of 486 studies taken from the EBSCO and SCOPUS databases to explore the research activities undertaken on that subject, this paper adopts a literature review methodology along with citation analysis and thematic analysis. The result of a systematic review of factors affecting the growth of SMEs is presented. It utilises both the Australian Business Deans Council (ABDC) ranking and Scimago H-index to objectively demonstrate all the factors that can impact growth of small firms. Many interesting articles and the most prominent journals are listed based on citation analysis. The finding revealed a total of eight factors out of seventy-three factors, which were mentioned in a minimum of four papers. Most influential articles identified in the analysis, this paper concludes with eight factors that SMEs need to control if they want to achieve growth in their organisation. Moreover, this study has identified research gaps and has proposed workable recommendations for the future.
  Keywords: small and medium enterprises; key performance indicators; KPIs; growth; performance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10040753
   
  
• The effectiveness of corporate governance mechanisms on fraud prevention and detection  
  by Dheya Zaid, Faozi Almaqtari, Eissa A. Al-Homaidi, Waleed M. Alahdal 
  Abstract: This study investigates the impact of corporate governance on fraud prevention and detection of some selected companies in India. Seven bankrupt companies against twenty healthy companies were selected for this study over a period of five years. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, and logistic regression were used to analyse the data of the present study. The results of the study reveal that there is a significant difference between bankrupt companies and health companies. Bankrupt companies had low board and audit committee effectiveness as compared to healthy companies. It is suggested that companies should comply with clause 49 of the listing agreement. The findings of study have high implications for policymakers, shareholders, and academicians. This study tries to fill a serious gap in prior studies of corporate governance. A practical contribution of this study is its emphasis on the role of corporate governance practices in fraud detection and prevention.
  Keywords: board of directors; audit committee; fraud; bankrupt and healthy companies; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10040754
   
  
• COVID-19, how does it affect individuals' perceived financial behaviour and perceived financial knowledge: An introspective analysis  
  by Khurram Ajaz Khan, Anam Akhtar, Pankaj Kumar Tripathi, John Amoah 
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is to empirically test the relationship between consumer?brand relationship constructs namely brand experience, brand trust, brand identification and brand love amongst Indian young consumers. The conceptual framework formulated based on literature was tested using a total of 352 questionnaires collected from the respondents and empirically analysed using structural equation modelling. The respondents were selected on the basis of convenience sampling in the national capital territory (NCT) of Delhi. The results show that the major driver of brand love and brand identification is brand trust. Brand experience mainly drives brand trust but has no direct impact on brand identification and brand love. However, the relationship between brand experience and brand love is completely mediated through brand trust. Brand identification has a significant direct impact on brand love and it also, partially mediates the relationship between brand trust and brand love.
  Keywords: apparel; India; consumer; brand experience; brand trust; brand identification; brand love; consumer-brand relationship; young; national capital territory; NCT.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10040759
   
  
• Title of the article: Impact of Socio-Demographic Factors on the Self-Assessed Financial Risk tolerance of Investors  
  by Munmun Mohanty, Biswajit Prasad Chhatoi, Rajaram Rout 
  Abstract: Substantial amount of research has been devoted to accurately estimate the risk tolerance of the individual as the suitability of the investment is dependent on it. However, limited amount of attention has been devoted to how individuals assess their own risk tolerance. The logistic regression has been used to determine the strength of predictors among all the demographic factors. It was found that the final equation was reached after four iterations and had gender, age, tax and family structure as the significant factors influencing the risk tolerance of investors. The male respondents were found to assess themselves as more risk tolerant as compared to female respondents and with increase in age the risk tolerance of the individual decreased linearly. However, the impact of tax and family structure, though significant, was not as clear. The wealth advisory industry, which has been heuristics approach to design the client portfolio, will definitely benefit from such insight. Having a clear understanding of the clients’ self-assessment of risk will help them in successful delivery of suitability.
  Keywords: financial risk tolerance; self-assessment; risk avoider; risk taker; logistic regression; binomial response; categorical variable.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10040820
   
  
• Electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM) in the hospitality industry: A comparative study in top hotels  
  by Martina Asenova, Juan Llopis-Taverner, Jose Gasco-Gasco, M. Reyes González-Ramírez 
  Abstract: Academic researchers have demonstrated the increasing importance of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) in recent decades as part of the technological development of the internet. The nature of the hospitality industry means that eWOM has much more influence in comparison with other market sectors. This study aims to analyse eWOM and its main impact in the context of the 150 top hotels and hotel groups included in the latest annual report Hotels 325. The study has two main scopes. The first is the evaluation and justification of the increasing importance of eWOM in the hotel industry. The second is the comparative evaluation of the feedback received by customers using Tripadvisor, one of the most influential platforms, by categorising and quantifying the obtained results. A specific conceptual model including different hypotheses was created to support the main scopes. A regression correlation matrix (Pearson and Spearman) was also introduced to measure the relationship of the results. The final conclusions show the overall result of the study and its limitations. The outcome of the research supports the implemented hypothesis and the linear relationship between the values.
  Keywords: electronic word-of-mouth; eWOM; top hotels; Tripadvisor; client feedback.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10040821
   
  
• Performance Analysis of Selected Mutual Fund Houses  
  by RAJIB DEB, Soma Panja 
  Abstract: Performance measurement is a field of utmost interest in investment management and asset valuation. In this area, the work related to the mutual funds risk-return ratios has gained popularity in academic research. In this present study, we made an effort to examine the accomplishment of selected public sector bank-sponsored mutual fund houses, i.e., SBI and UTI fund houses in India, based on 27 equity schemes of these fund houses. The study has carried out using the BCC model of DEA. It is being performed with the help of numerous input and output variables to justify these Indian mutual funds relative efficiency. The study tries to scrutinise the sensitivity of DEA efficiency to multiple input-output variables. The study results depicted a superior SBI fund management company condition as it has the highest number of efficient schemes under its umbrella compared to the UTI fund management company.
  Keywords: performance analysis; bank-sponsored mutual funds; data envelopment analysis; BCC model.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10040969
   
  
• PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF COMPANIES TRADING IN TURKEY BORSA ?STANBUL TECHNOLOGY INDEX WITH TOPSIS AND COPRAS METHODS  
  by Burak Keskin, Bilgehan Tekin 
  Abstract: Technology companies play an essential role in determining countries global policies, expanding the base of higher-wage jobs, increasing tax revenues and promoting balanced economic growth. Therefore, technology companies financial performances, whose number and success are becoming more important nowadays, should be measured and followed continuously. Measuring companies financial performance is also critical for determining potential investors alternatives before and during the stock investment and making the best decision. In this study, the financial performance of technology companies included in the Borsa Istanbul (BIST) technology index (XUTEK) has been determined by multi-criteria decision-making methods based on financial ratios. TOPSIS and COPRAS methods were used in the study, and the five years data between 2015 to 2019 were considered. The companies success ranking was made using these two methods for each year. According to the results, the average correlation between the two methods was found as 98%. Based on the five-year period, the most successful companies were LINK computer and DATAGATE computer, respectively. Additionally, the companies that carried out the worst performance were the ESCORT computer and NETAS in all years.
  Keywords: financial performance; technology companies; TOPSIS; COPRAS; financial ratios.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10041009
   
  
• Tracing the Route to Organizational Performance through Expatriate Leadership Effectiveness: The Role of Emotional, Cultural and Spiritual Intelligence  
  by A. K. M. Ahasanul Haque, Naila Anwar Chowdhury, Md Asadul Islam, Md Shahadat Hossain, Md Atiqur Sarker 
  Abstract: This study aims to determine the effects of emotional, cultural and spiritual intelligence on organisational performance through expatriate leadership effectiveness. For doing so, a conceptual framework has been designed. Afterwards, data were collected from expatriate managers of various multinational corporations in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, through the employment of self-administered questionnaires. The collected data were later analysed through SPSS and SEM. The outcomes indicated that cultural and spiritual intelligence have positive effects on expatriate leadership effectiveness. Furthermore, emotional, cultural and spiritual intelligence and expatriate leadership effectiveness have positive effects on organisational performance. The results have also shown that expatriate leadership effectiveness mediates the relationship between cultural and spiritual intelligence and organisational performance. Implications, limitations and future research directions are discussed.
  Keywords: leadership; organisational performance; emotional intelligence; cultural intelligence; spiritual intelligence.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10041128
   
  
• Performance measurement of manufacturing units using hybrid weights method  
  by Raman Kumar, Harwinder Singh, Sunil Kuma Luthra, Jasgurpreet Singh Chohan 
  Abstract: This paper aims to provide new insight into using a hybrid weightage framework for measuring the performance of manufacturing organisations. In proposing framework, five important parameters (viz. quality, flexibility, delivery, cost, production) and corresponding 15 sub-parameters have been considered for measuring the performance of small-scale agricultural equipment manufacturing organisations. The hybrid weights, i.e., a combination of subjective, objective, and normalised standard regression weights, have been used to fulfil the aim of the study. A case study of an organisation having two plants situated at different places (both engaged in manufacturing agricultural equipment) has been demonstrated to show the effectiveness of a framed model. The survey study showed that the cost has a higher path coefficient, and performance explains about 78% of the variance in price. The finding indicates that plant 1 has higher performance than plant 2 using hybrid weights.
  Keywords: performance measurement; manufacturing; confirmatory factor analysis; hybrid weights; decision making.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10041201
   
  
• Business Excellence in the Beer Industry  
  by Hana Machkova, Josef Tauser 
  Abstract: The paper focuses on the beer industry in the Czech Republic, which can be considered as a case of business excellence. The main objective is to reveal the key drivers of competitiveness in the traditional and mature Czech beer market. Based on the analysis of fundamental Czech beer market characteristics, we discuss the main success factors in business strategies of both large breweries owned by foreign investors and the local ones. The history of the Czech beer industry proves the importance of cultural tradition as the key driver for innovations and long-term competitiveness.
  Keywords: beer industry; Czech beer market; global brewers; microbreweries.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10041202
   
  
• Excellence in Hotel Businesses: The Case of a European Quality Award-Winning Hotel  
  by Han?m Kader ?anl?öz-Özgen 
  Abstract: The hotel industry is a useful domain to apply quality management systems given the structure of properties with numerous stakeholders and processes. The inclination of hotel businesses towards excellence models is low despite a high rate of usage of other quality management systems. This study therefore aims to showcase a European Quality Award-Winning hotel AlpenResort Schwarz and offer insights into the implementation of and results and benefits from the European Foundation for Quality Management Excellence Model (EFQM EM) to enable hotel businesses to become aware of the excellence concept and the model as a tool to improve their competitive advantage and sustainable performance. The major finding of the study is that the EFQM EM is effective for independent hotels, enabling small businesses to gain an international view when improving their managerial systems in accordance with sustainable development goals.
  Keywords: EFQM Excellence Model; total quality management; TQM; business excellence; hotel industry; AlpenResort Schwarz; Austria.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10041327
   
  
• Capital structure and firms' value: future research agenda and research stream through bibliometric approach  
  by Chandrika Prasad Das, Rabindra Kumar Swain, Manoj Kumar Dash, Suman Bindu 
  Abstract: This paper aims to present a synopsis of the academic research on capital structure and firm value using bibliometric analysis. The paper also attempts to detect the most traceable publications and authors in this domain. VOS viewer and bibliometrics R-package has been used to notice the publication trend and envision authors/countries/journals/institutions performance on a sample of 286 relevant articles retrieved from the Scopus database between 1983 and 2020. The essential aspects of capital structure and firm value are identified, such as recent publications, the most influential researcher, the most cited articles, the top contributing journals, the top countries based on total citations and corresponding author, cluster analysis, treemap analysis, and Sankey diagram. The paper makes a vital contribution to corporate finance through a systematic literature review on capital structure and firm value. This article also depicts the future research agenda and research stream in capital structure.
  Keywords: capital structure; bibliometric analysis; network analysis; VOS viewer; bibliometrics R-package; Sankey diagram.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10041329
   
  
• Measuring Creativity of Prospective Workforce: An Approach  
  by Reena Agarwal, Shalini Nath Tripathi 
  Abstract: As the world experiences economic adversities and routine jobs are getting replaced by analytical jobs, fostering creativity among youth is vital. This study was undertaken to assess whether young graduates pursuing professional education, possess higher-order competencies. It attempts to explore the existence of discernible segments of people, based on their possessing higher order competencies and impact of these competencies on creativity element of an individual. Cluster analysis has been deployed to classify respondents into groups and biserial correlation to find out positive correlation between various higher-order competencies. The findings revealed that the respondents could be divided into discernible segments and a substantial percentage of youth displayed serious deficiency of competencies.
  Keywords: creativity; problem solving skills; decision making skills; originality; inquisitiveness; problem identification; mental agility; out of box thinking; experimentation; critical thinking.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10041336
   
  
• Performance Measurement of Indian Banking System: Non-radial Data Envelopment Analysis Approach  
  by PREETI ., Supriyo Roy 
  Abstract: Global economy coupled with real time banking reforms in area of asset quality, capital adequacy, and diversification of operations, it is critical for any banks to continuously monitor their operational efficiency. It is imperative for Indian banking system to consider multiple factors affecting banks performance while measuring efficiency. Traditional methods like ratio analysis are no more a workable solution for measurement of overall efficiency. Under this backdrop, academic researchers and business managers continuously opt for data envelopment analysis (DEA) models as one of the popular approaches to analyse and evaluate performance. Present study intends to compute efficiency of Indian banks by employing non-traditional (nonradial) DEA model. Comparison of efficiency values between banking ownership with focus on offering improvement plan for inefficient banks is one of the significant contributions of this study. The outcome of the study points towards improvement initiative(s) that may serve as future reform policies in banking context.
  Keywords: data envelopment analysis; DEA; Indian; banking system; non-radial model; operational efficiency; performance measurement.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10041482
   
  
• DEVELOPING BANK SERVICE QUALITY MODEL FOR MODERN INDIAN BANKS  
  by Vineet Chouhan, Pranav Saraswat, Shubham Goswami, Swati Upadhyay 
  Abstract: Banking is a service industry, and irrespective of any sector, the bank-customer relationship has to be regulated through a quality model. Offering exceptional service quality is essential for improving long-lasting customer relations; this is particularly significant in modern banking conditions. Customer loyalty is directly derived from delivering high service quality, particularly under unregulated and unstable economic situations. Hence banks must identify and improve service quality dimensions for gaining competitive advantage. The research work is based upon the developing the bank service quality model. This study gathers data from 792 respondents of five public and five private sector banks to develop the bank service quality model. The factors of bank service quality including tangibles, responsiveness, efficiency, empathy, fairness, access were identified through the application of SEM with AMOS 21.
  Keywords: service quality; bank; tangibles; responsiveness; efficiency; empathy; fairness; access.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10041485
   
  
• Covid 19 and Online Education: Leveraging Service Dominant Logic Perspective  
  by Tajinder Sharma, Sheetal Kapoor, Dimple Khosla 
  Abstract: COVID-19 pandemic compelled the educational institutions to go online and the required changeover posed several challenges before the stakeholders. This study applies the concepts of S-D logic to online education, wherein an exchange of knowledge and resources between the service provider (teacher) and the consumers (students) results in value co-creation and customer experience. Online education is one such context and it is presently under-researched. The hypotheses were tested using a quantitative survey of 490 respondents comprising teachers, undergraduate students and parents. Key findings validate that co-creation of value takes place and with exchange of knowledge and skills, the students are the beneficiary, having a positive value co-creation experience towards online classes in a coordinated manner. The conceptual model developed in the study has the potential for replication and extension in other contexts and can serve as the basis for policy formulation on online education.
  Keywords: SD logic; G-D logic; online education; value co-creation; operant resources; operand resources; corporate ecosystems.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10041555
   
  
• An Empirical Investigation of the Relationships between Knowledge Development and Strategic Entrepreneurship  
  by Syed A. Tipu, Kamel Fantazy 
  Abstract: This paper empirically examines the relationships between knowledge development (KD) and strategic entrepreneurship (SE). Data were collected by questionnaire survey from 242 manufacturing organisations in Pakistan. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses. The current study reveals negative relationships between innovativeness and three dimensions of KD including knowledge acquisition, information distribution, and achieved memory. It also shows strong positive relationship between different dimensions of KD and proactiveness. The contextual settings of developing countries reduce the level of SE in manufacturing organisations, particularly in terms of the lack of innovativeness.
  Keywords: strategic entrepreneurship; knowledge development; organisational learning; developing country; Pakistan; Asia.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10041556
   
  
• Internet Banking in Indonesia: Website Usability, Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, Trust, And Loyalty  
  by Anggoro Sulaksono, Endang Siti Astuti, Musadieq Musadieq, Zainul Arifin, Kusdi Raharjo 
  Abstract: This research aims to develop a model of website usability, service quality, customer satisfaction, trust, and customer loyalty to internet banking users in five major banks in Indonesia which this research will provide great benefits for banks in Indonesia in overcoming existing problems where this research will provide great benefits for banks in Indonesia in overcoming existing problems. The population consisted of internet users from five big Indonesian banks who have been using internet banking for at least a year and perform transactions through it. The data was studied using a structural equation modelling approach. The results show that website usability is antecedent to service quality, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. This means that website usability is needed to build a good quality of service, to improve customer satisfaction, and to build higher customer loyalty. The existence of a research gap is related to the effect of website usability on customer loyalty; encouraging this research to contribute to filling that research gap.
  Keywords: website usability; customer satisfaction; service quality; customer loyalty; structural equation modelling; Indonesia.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10041635
   
  
• THE IMPACT OF STATE OWNERSHIP ON THE PERFORMANCE OF DISINVESTED PUBLIC SECTOR ENTERPRISES  
  by Isha Chhabra, Seema Gupta, Vijay Kumar Gupta 
  Abstract: Disinvestment as a part of economic reforms was introduced to improve performance of public sector enterprises, budget the fiscal deficit and encourage inflow of domestic and global capital. Therefore, the study intends to investigate the effect of state ownership on disinvested public sector enterprise’s financial performance. Second objective is to examine the factors that affect equity ownership hold by the government in disinvested public sector enterprises. The sample of 30 public sector enterprises has been studied from 1996
  Keywords: financial performance; profitability; public sector enterprises; PSEs; state ownership; disinvestment.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10041639
   
  
• Exploring Dimensions of Children Influence in Family Purchase Decision Making: A Mixed-Method Approach  
  by NANDITA VISHWAKARMA, Ashish Arya, Gaurav Jyoti 
  Abstract: The present study explores and investigates children’s involvement in the family decision-making process in the Indian context. The study gives a different perspective and utilises an exploratory sequential mixed-method approach to investigate children’s role in family consumption decisions. The findings expose the noticeable impact of children on family purchases across various product categories. The study also explores the impact of demographic factors as moderators in the influence exercised by children. However, certain demographic factors like the gender of the child have been found to have no impact, unlike previous studies. It has provided in-depth insight into the study of family consumption patterns being influenced by children adds to the scanty literature, especially for developing countries with rapidly evolving markets like India. The study has different implications on marketers, parents, and children. Marketers are required to pay more importance to children while designing strategies for positive outcomes.
  Keywords: children influence; consumers; regional; emerging markets; mixed method; family purchase; decision making.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10041689
   
  
• DOES TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT MODERATING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF TRANSPORTATION COMPANY?  
  by Makjen Sinaga 
  Abstract: This research aims to analyse the effect of moderating TOD on the relationship of the influence of sustainability variables. This research is a quantitative research. The data in this study are a combination of primary data obtained through a questionnaire. The research took place at PT MRT Jakarta with all the board of directors as a sample in this study. The sampling technique used is saturated sampling and using SEM-PLS data analysis. From the discussion, the following conclusions are drawn. First, space service has a positive and significant effect on time utility. Second, space service has a positive and significant effect on sustainability. Third, time utility has a positive and significant effect on occupancy. Fourth, occupancy has a positive and significant effect on sustainability. Fifth, transit-oriented development has a non-significant effect in moderating the effect of time utility on occupancy and occupancy on sustainability. The effect of space service, time utility and occupancy on sustainability with the transit oriented development renewal as a moderating variable.
  Keywords: Sustainability; Transit-Oriented Development; Transportation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10041788
   
  
• A Cross-sectional Study of Mall Shopping Behavior of Women Consumers in United Arab Emirates and India: An Empirical Study  
  by Sakkthivel Annamalai Manickam, Gouher Ahmed, Moovendhan V, Ramu N 
  Abstract: The study investigates the impact of the marketing mix, mall ambience, peer group, reference group, culture, and society variables on the mall shopping behaviour of women consumers with a sample size of 502 respondents from the UAE and India. The study used structural equation modelling (SEM) that revealed: 1) price has a negative impact on the mall shopping behaviour of Indian women consumers and a positive impact on UAE women consumers; 2) mall ambience and location of malls were found to positively influence the mall shopping behaviour of the UAE and Indian women consumers; 3) mall ambience and place of malls influence the mall shopping behaviour of UAE women consumers, whereas, society was found to influence the mall shopping behaviour of Indian women consumers; 4) peers, reference groups, and culture elicit a higher impact on Indian consumers, whereas, the same variables elicit a lower impact on UAE women consumers. The implications of the outcomes are discussed.
  Keywords: mall; marketing mix; peer group; reference group; culture; society; mall shopping behaviour; women consumers; India; United Arab Emirates.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10041824
   
  
• Digital Human Resource Management: A Precursor for Workforce Agility  
  by Deborah Sharon Stanley, Vaneeta Aggarwal 
  Abstract: Disruptions are the new norm, and technology is no exception. Industry 4.0 in its evolution phase requires a digital transformation. Digital technologies are changing the ways of working (Shrivastava, 2017). Workforce agility is essential for an agile organisation, and the attributes of workforce agility include adaptability, flexibility, collaborative, competent and informative (Muduli, 2013). An organisation needs to focus on the HR processes, systems, and practices followed to develop these attributes. Researchers have conceptualised the adoption of various technologies in HRM functions of selection, training, compensation, teamwork and empowerment as promoters of agility. This conceptual paper outlines the impact of digitisation in human resource management on workforce agility promoters by reviewing the existing literature. This paper enumerates a framework that digitisation of human resource management practices, processes, systems and people leads to the effectiveness of selection, training, compensation, empowerment and teamwork, which promotes workforce agility.
  Keywords: digitisation; workforce agility; agility promoters; selection; training; compensation; teamwork; empowerment; HR functions.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10041831
   
  
• The Mediating Role of Customers’ Emotional Attachment in Enhancing Service Excellence and Repurchase Intentions of Low-Cost Carrier Airlines  
  by Pawan Kumar Chand, Urvashi Tandon, Deepika Jhamb, Amit Mittal 
  Abstract: The low-cost carriers represent the fastest growing segment of the global airlines industry and are passing through the challenges of sustainability and customer retention. This study highlights and seeks a resolution of the contradiction of low-cost and service excellence. The present research has significantly established an interrelationship among service quality, emotional attachment, and repurchase intentions to understand the Indian air passengers flying behaviour. The quantitative approach has been followed using a systematic sampling technique. 714 passengers using the low-cost carriers (LCC) were surveyed following questionnaire method. The mediation effect of emotional attachment between service quality and repurchase intentions of customers was tested using the structural equation modelling approach. The findings confirm the partial mediation effect of emotional attachment which will be beneficial for the airlines to comprehend their customers behaviour towards service quality. These results can also be correlated to other service sectors such as tourism, healthcare, and hospitality.
  Keywords: airlines; low-cost carriers; service quality; emotional attachment; repurchase intentions.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10041838
   
  
• Assessing the impact of employee empowerment on organisational performance: The mediating role of Affective commitment  
  by Joseph Afram, Marta Mas-machuca, Alba Manresa 
  Abstract: This study explored the mediating effect of affective commitment on the relationship between employee empowerment (structural, psychological) and organisational performance in Ghanaian commercial banks. The proposed hypotheses were tested with SEM (EQS), based on a sample of 274 employees selected from nine commercial banks in the Bono and Asante region, Ghana. The analysis revealed that affective commitment mediates the relationship between the two main aspects of empowerment (structural, psychological), and organisational performance. The findings of the study provide a basis allowing managers to use their organisational structures and the cognitive abilities of their employees to improve their employees affective commitment to enhance effective strategic decisions and their implementation to improve performance. The current study expands the previous literature by exploring the mediating role of affective commitment on the relationship between the two main dimensions of empowerment (structural, psychological) and organisational performance in the banking sector in a developing economy.
  Keywords: employee; empowerment; affective; commitment; organisational; performance; Ghanaian commercial banks.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10041839
   
  
• Factors affecting ownership pattern: Indian evidence  
  by Daman Jeet 
  Abstract: Percentage of shares is considered to be one of the primary measures of ownership structure. Studies have been conducted on interrelationships among corporate ownership and board structure characteristics and on the determinants and mechanism by which the ownership structure is formed. Largely these studies only reflect on one or two governance characteristics with an exception by Agrawal and Knoeber (1996). The indecisive studies of ownership structure make it necessary to study the identity the determinants of ownership. Taking a proportional sample of companies from the four major industries, this study tries to find the factors affecting ownership pattern. Captivating ownership as director ownership, foreign ownership, institutional investors, Indian and foreign promoters, financial performance measured using Tobin’s q and duality (chairman and managing director being single person) positively and significantly affect ownership. Nevertheless, financial leverage negatively impacts ownership.
  Keywords: return on assets; ROA; Tobin’s Q; corporate governance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10041903
   
  
• Investigating the link between Supply Chain Management Practices and Supply Chain Performance in Food processing industry  
  by Sunildro L.S. Akoijam, Thokchom Suranjoy Singh 
  Abstract: The paper examines the relationship between supply chain management practices (SCMPs) and supply chain performance (SCP) in food processing industry. Data were collected from 45 food processing units in India. For analysing SCMP construct, five variables: strategic supplier partnership (SSP), customer relationship (CR), information sharing (IS), information quality (IQ) and postponement (POS) were considered for the study. Correlation was used to analyse the relationship between SCMP and SCP in the food processing industry. The study found that there is a significant relationship between SSP and SCP but no significant relationship between CR, IS, IQ and POS and SCP in the food processing industry. The finding is new as it is the first study that examines the relationship between SCMP and SCP in the food processing industry. The study will be of immense benefit to the food processing industry for improving SCMP thereby enhancing the SCP.
  Keywords: supply chain management practices; SCMPs; food processing industry; supply chain performance; SCP; strategic supplier partnership; SSP; customer relationship; information sharing.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10041943
   
  
• Impact of FDI on economic growth, re-industrialization and regional disparities in Emerging Europe  
  by Zoltan Gal, Devesh Singh 
  Abstract: The paper examines the nexus of FDI inflow, the FDI dispersion among companies, and GDP per capita along with the selected socio-economic variables, and re-industrialisation in the Hungarian regions. The paper uses the NUT 3 level data from 2001 to 2018 and employs the generalised method of moments (GMM) in regions characterised by the different phases of industrialisation. The econometric analysis confirms three variations of bidirectional IFDI, GDP growth and FDI dispersion nexus which can be explained by the fact that the positive effect of FDI-driven growth is spatially concentrated according to the different regional patterns of industrialisation. Both the FDI-driven growth hypothesis and the GDP growth-driven FDI hypothesis have been confirmed under certain regional conditions. The results show that the FDI-driven growth model of CEE is not sufficient to ensure the long-term prosperity of regions since the positive effect of FDI-driven economic growth is only short-term and spatially concentrated, further exacerbating territorial inequalities.
  Keywords: foreign direct investment; FDI; reindustrialisation; economic growth; regional disparities; Central and Eastern Europe; Hungarian regions; generalised method of moments; GMM.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10041944
   
  
• Reverse accountability and leadership in social enterprises: Analysis of social control and openness for pragmatic organizational design  
  by Rajagopal Rajagopal, ANANYA RAJAGOPAL 
  Abstract: This qualitative study analyses the entrepreneurial business performance based on collective leadership styles of social enterprise and attributes of stakeholder driven reverse accountability. The qualitative research method was applied through in-depth interviews to the entrepreneurial leaders of 25 start-up enterprises in Mexico. The study revealed that collective leadership is more effective as compared to an individualistic leader-driven entrepreneurial design. Social enterprises are transitioning to collective leadership models through implementation of organisational design based on reverse accountability. This study is motivated by the perceptual control theory, agency theory, and stakeholder theory. This research study contributes extensively to the existing literature by analysing the impact of reverse accountability and collective leadership patterns on decision-making process of social enterprises. The main focus of this study evolves around leadership and intervention in social enterprises to contribute to the growth of managerial capacity and longevity of stakeholder values.
  Keywords: reverse accountability; social enterprises; collective leadership; grounded theory; social governance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10041966
   
  
• Economic Growth and International Trade: Case Studies for ASEAN  
  by Tarika Sikarwar, Abhay Singh Chauhan 
  Abstract: One of the major sources of ’Economic Growth’ is
  Keywords: Economic Growth; International Trade; ASEAN; Economy; Import; Export; GDP; Government expenditure.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10041970
   
  
• Can gift redemption activities turn your customer loyal? - A relook to Indian Pharmaceutical Loyalty Program.  
  by Arabinda Bhandari 
  Abstract: The purpose of this research article is to address how gift redemption numbers, number of active chemists, and number of onboard chemist number plays an important role in loyalty sales in India Pharmaceutical organisation. This study has been conducted on 2,698 chemists in three states of India in a 13 months’ time frame. After collecting the sales data, redemption number, the active and inactive chemist of the three states the data were analysed by using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlations, and regression through SPSS software. This research finding indicates that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between the numbers of active chemists and sales outcomes of a loyalty program. There is a negative correlation between the numbers of inactive chemists with retail loyalty sales and there is no significant correlation with the gift redemption number on pharmaceutical organisations’ sales outcomes.
  Keywords: loyalty program; chemist; OTC product; sales outcome; pharmaceutical.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10042026
   
  
• Workplace Expectations and Loyalty Intention: An empirical study on Millennial Generation  
  by Karuna Prakash, Prakash Tiwari 
  Abstract: At today’s workplace, the millennial generation has received increasing attention as it has been observed that millennials demonstrate different attitudes, values, beliefs, and aspirations in the workplace as compared to the previous generations. Throughout literature various studies have been devoted to the investigation of workplace expectations of millennials, however the relation between their expectations and loyalty intention has been lacking. Thus, the main aim of this study is to develop a structural model that explores millennials’ workplace expectations and to analyse the relationship with loyalty intention and brand image as mediating role. This study is done using partial least square method and the result is obtained using SMART-PLS 3.0. The obtained result makes it evident that there exists a significant relation between workplace expectations and loyalty intention of the millennial generation.
  Keywords: millennials; workplace expectations; loyalty intention; generations.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10042031
   
  
• Service quality and customer satisfaction: the moderating effect of innovation at KFC  
  by George Amoako, Albert Martins, Felicia DeHeer, Livingstone Divine Caesar 
  Abstract: The study investigates how service quality impacts customer satisfaction in the fast food service industry in an emerging market. Data was collected from 500 sampled customers who buy and enjoy the products and services provided by KFC. This study used structural equation modelling (SEM) as inferential statistical technique. Service quality has a significant positive effect on customer satisfaction. Innovation moderates the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction. The study provides new understanding of how corporate resources can be employed from a resource-based view (RBV) perspective to sustain customer satisfaction in the fast food industry in an emerging market. The results of the study indicate that the impact of service quality on customer satisfaction is stronger in restaurants with high innovations and low in other places with low innovations. Thus, managers of fast food restaurants must introduce innovative ways of serving customers in order to boost customer satisfaction.
  Keywords: service quality; innovation; customer satisfaction; Ghana.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10042103
   
  
• CONTENT BASED NETWORKING ALGORITHM  
  by Shameem Shagirbasha, Booshnam Dinakaran, P.Madhan Kumar 
  Abstract: The current social networking is more predisposed towards feature-based network which includes friends list, pages liked, groups joined, etc. The existing algorithm is devised in such a way that we get connected only to our friends and the suggestions are extended based on mutual friends. Rather considering our interests, social media makes suggestions on friends and posts using algorithm based on the graph of the network. In the current system, the user gets feeds based on the posts which his/her friends update. The system fails to unlearn the user’s past irrelevant activities. The proposed system will help us to socialise not based on predefined networks rather based on content updated by the user in the social media. This paper will provide an algorithm to collect a school of thoughts about a single topic purely based on its content and not based on the features.
  Keywords: social media; text mining; feature-based network; content-based networking.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10042137
   
  
• Determinants that influence Consumer Behavior - An Empirical Study Applied to Air Transport in Portugal  
  by Felipa Lopes Dos Reis, José Manuel Vicente, João Lamy Gil 
  Abstract: This research has the main objective of analysing and studying the factors that influence the consumer behaviour of TAP Air Portugal. A survey was carried out at the Lisbon Airport facilities, between 10 and 13 February 2020 (with 4,253 valid responses), which allowed the identification of the consumers’ profile and the analysis of their behaviour in relation to the services provided by the different airlines. Although there are similarities in marketing and services provided by different companies, the consumer behaves differently in relation to each of them. It is possible to verify that a Portuguese consumer, with an advanced age, is a consumer who follows his heart and is loyal to TAP, Portugal’s flagship company. The younger consumer has other assumptions in mind in his choice, however, it is important to understand where these companies are heading and in what way.
  Keywords: consumer behaviour; determinants; making-decision policy; customer loyalty; TAP Air Portugal.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10042172
   
  
• TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION PRACTICE IN RETAIL SECTOR  
  by A.L.I. A. SALAH, Khalid Alomari, Jihad Farajat, Hamza Alaodat, Amgad S.D. Khaled 
  Abstract: Retail, like business concepts, is not a static organisation. As a result of numerous factors related to the retail climate, merchants create new forms, manage existing forms, and discard forms over time. Technological change is frequently associated with innovation. In recent years, technology-based innovation has been cemented as a long-term strategic investment that can provide competitive advantages through producing end user value through installing and upgrading ICTs. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of technology innovation on the retail experience. The study sample was collected from a Yemeni customer. The investigation is conclusive, complete, and is based on a single cross-sectional study design. The research tool that is used to generate quantitative data. It concluded that further technological innovation has an effect on store photos, consumer satisfaction, brand equity, and word-of-mouth (WOM), and it also recommended that retailers benefit from technology adoption and thus invest in innovations that will help them increase market share and competitiveness in the long run.
  Keywords: technological; innovation; satisfaction; retailing; brand equity; value; word-of-mouth; WOM.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10042176
   
  
• Internal Marketing Orientation and Knowledge Management Process in Individual Competence enrichment: PLS-SEM Modelling in Indian Higher Education Scenario  
  by Shiva Rani, Elangbam Binodini Devi, Manoj Kumar 
  Abstract: Knowledge-driven organisations like academic institutions are rationally involved in learning and knowledge creation with the ultimate aim of academic as well as individual excellence through individual competency enrichment. Meanwhile, the research study aims to investigate the PLS-SEM structural model based on 357 research and knowledge workers by path confirmation via internal marking (IM) and knowledge management process (KMP) on individual competency (IC) in Indian higher education institutions (HEIs) context; the SmartPLS-SEM modelling was performed. The findings of this study are IM has significant but weak relation with the KM process because some sub hypotheses were not significantly reported or rejected but KMP has strong positive significance on IC. Based on our research findings reinforced the higher academic institutions employees or research workers and assist the academic leaders and administrators in IC enrichment. Later on, limitations and future research directions were mentioned.
  Keywords: internal marketing; knowledge management process; higher education institutions; individual competency; PLS-SEM modelling.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10042184
   
  
• The Determinants of Capital Structure in Indian firms: Does Industry matter?  
  by Atif Ghayas, Tasneem Fatima Khan, Mohd Sarim 
  Abstract: The quest to find the ideal capital structure has motivated researchers worldwide to study the determinants of capital structure. There have been many studies in this area, but the results are mixed and contradictory. Most of the studies in this area have been conducted in developed countries; this study examines the determinants of the capital structure in a developing country like India. The study employs panel data regression techniques to analyse the impact of profitability, firm size, grow rate, tangibility, liquidity, interest coverage ratio, non-debt tax shield, tax rate, and business risk on the dependent variable, i.e., total debt. The study sample included a heterogeneous set of 222 firms from five industries listed on NSE 500. The study’s findings reveal that profitability, firm size, liquidity, interest coverage, tax rate, and Business risk are important determinants of capital structure in Indian firms.
  Keywords: determinants; capital structure; leverage; profitability; firm size; growth; tangibility; risk; industry.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10042186
   
  
• Exploring Factors Influencing Employees Satisfaction During COVID19 era: An Empirical Study on Jordanian Telecommunication Firms  
  by Khaled Alhyasat 
  Abstract: This study aimed at exploring the factors influencing employees satisfaction. The literature depicted conflicting results regarding such domain and specially in the Middle East, where this paper aims at establishing a solid view of the discipline. A research model was developed based on the literature review and theory approach. The model hypothesised that perceived human capital, social capital, strategic leadership, and occupational health and safety as independent variables, and employee satisfaction as dependent variable. A questionnaire was utilised to explore Jordanian employees perceptions regarding the research model constructs. A sample of 285 Jordanian employees filled the surveys based on their awareness of employee satisfaction concepts and their willingness to participate in the study. This study utilises the structural equation modelling (SEM) approach with AMOS as an analysis method. Findings indicated that human capital, social capital, strategic leadership, and occupational health & safety jointly determine employees satisfaction.
  Keywords: human capital; social capital; strategic leadership; occupational health and safety; OHS; employee satisfaction; COVID-19 era.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10042231
   
  
• WORK SPIRITUALITY AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT: AN INDIAN TOURISM PERSPECTIVE  
  by Rajesh Kumar Upadhyay, Brijendra Yadav, Khaliq Ansari 
  Abstract: Tourism is critical to a provinces and nations economic growth and stability. Without a substantial commitment from employees, the service industry in general and the tourism sector in particular, will not be effective. Work spirituality and mindfulness may be significant predictors of employees organisational commitment in the tourism industry. Compounding these factors within the context of the Indian tourism sector is the studys primary objective. This study fills a research void by examining the relationship between workplace spirituality, mindfulness and organisational commitment among employees in the Indian tourism industry. The studys findings indicated a strong correlation between workplace spirituality and employees organisational commitment. Additionally, it has been discovered that this relationship becomes even stronger with increased employee mindfulness.
  Keywords: work spirituality; mindfulness; organisational commitment; Indian tourism industry.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10042237
   
  
• Influences of gender diversity on the implications of CSR and financial performance: an Indian perspective  
  by Som Nath Paul, Rajesh Kumar Upadhyay, Ashima Garg 
  Abstract: The present research analysed the women’s participation as presidents of the board (BOD) or members of the board of directors and their impact on the adoption of CSR practices in their environmental, social, and economic dimensions in listed companies of India. The results show that India has higher participation of women in BOD positions and as members of the board of directors, although they are still a minority in the country. Regarding the adoption of CSR practices, India shows better performance in environmental dimensions and social, while India obtains a higher financial performance in profitability, liquidity and international presence. When analysing the relationship between women’s participation in the board of directors and the adoption of CSR practices, the empirical results show that a greater diversity of gender more participation of women on the board, better the profitability, and environmental and social performance of the corporate.
  Keywords: corporate social responsibility; CSR; ROI; CSR implication; gender diversity; econometric model.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10042360
   
  
• Factors influencing cloud AIS adoption: Evidence from Jordan  
  by Mohannad Al Shbail, Nofan Al-Olimat, Hashem Alshurafat, Seif Al Shbeil, Mohammad Bany Baker, Zaid Jaradat 
  Abstract: Cloud AIS adoption in Jordan and in many other developing countries is still new. This study examines the factors impacting the decision to adopt cloud AIS and its impact on performance in banking sector. A model combining the critical factors from past studies and other previously unaddressed factors relating to cloud AIS adoption is proposed in this study. Data obtained from 117 department managers in different Jordanian banks were used in testing the cloud AIS adoption model and in determining the factors linked to cloud AIS adoption, positively or negatively. Complexity, relative advantage, system quality and data security were found as the most influential cloud AIS adoption determinants. Also, cloud AIS adoption was found to positively link to organisational performance. The results are of value to bank managers in increasing the dispersal and use of cloud AIS in Jordan.
  Keywords: cloud AIS adoption; complexity; relative advantage; system quality; data security; organisational performance; Jordan.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10042528
   
  
• Offshore outsourcing as a business strategy: a qualitative study of the adoption of offshoring by the Portuguese footwear industry  
  by Isabella V. C. E. Pereira, Susana C. Silva, Valdenise Martyniuk, Alexandre L. Las Casas 
  Abstract: This paper analyses the adoption of offshore outsourcing as a business strategy in the Portuguese footwear industry. Based on a review of the current literature, data was collected through interviews conducted with key Portuguese footwear players and shoe company managers. The main findings suggest that offshoring is more appreciated by managers who attribute their success and growth to the adoption of this strategy. However, these managers admit that they are confronted with local domestic limitations that motivate them to seek out foreign suppliers and to focus on their core activities which contribute to greater profitability. The main benefits they identified are operational flexibility, savings, new knowledge acquisition, risk reduction, and the possibility for growth. The strategy also has some risks such as loss of quality, and management of control over freight lead times.
  Keywords: offshoring; outsourcing; footwear industry; Portugal.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10042604
   
  
• Drivers and Barriers of E-learning adaptation in India  
  by SHIPRA MISHRA, Priyanka Maya Gujrati, Amar Kumar Mishra, Anupma Singh 
  Abstract: The present study identifies the key factors that affect the adaptation of e-learning in India. The study focuses on 488 respondents of higher education across the country who are availing online class facilities from different public and private colleges/universities. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify five factors namely learner’s attitude, technical incompatibility, service quality challenges, social challenges and content quality. The study found that the students are satisfied with the e-learning facilities of their colleges/universities but are facing major challenges such as technical, social, and quality-related issues that must be sort-out. The recommendation of the study will help the government as well as the universities to overcome these challenges.
  Keywords: e-learning; covid-19; exploratory factor analysis; technological compatibility; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10042657
   
  
• Influence of Social Media on Consumers’ Brand Choice: A Moderated Mediation Model  
  by Anubha Saini, Rajesh Elangovan, Tejinder Sharma 
  Abstract: Social media has changed the fundamental methods of brands building. Empowered with technology and data analytics, social media is making a significant influence on the brand choice behaviour of the consumers. The present study explores the interrelationships between customer brand engagement, brand recognition and brand choice. The study also examines the role of brand recall in brand choice. Further, the moderating role of electronic word of mouth (EWOM) in the relationship between customer brand engagement and brand recognition is examined. Using a structured instrument, data was collected from 451 respondents from National Capital Region of New Delhi and analysed using Hayes (2018) PROCESS MACROS. The results indicate that: 1) brand recognition is a mediator in the relationship between customer brand engagement and brand choice; 2) brand recall is positively related to brand recognition and brand choice; 3) customer brand engagement is positively related to brand recognition and brand choice; 4) EWOM moderates the relationship between customer brand engagement and brand recognition. These results contribute to both the literature on brand management and practicing marketers. The implications are discussed.
  Keywords: social media; brand awareness; customer brand engagement; electronic word of mouth; EWOM; brand choice; consumer behaviour.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10042658
   
  
• The Relationship Between Customer Satisfaction and Service Quality in E-Commerce  
  by Evripidis P. Kechagias, Georgios A. Papadopoulos, Georgios Chatzistelios, Dimitra Kyriou 
  Abstract: In recent years, one of the most common ways for a modern company to find out the customer needs and expectations and be aligned with them is to set up a customer satisfaction survey or, even better, a net promoter score survey. In this way, the company has access to the actual
  Keywords: e-commerce; customer satisfaction; service quality; net promoter score; process improvement.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10042899
   
  
• Achieving sustainable employability through the lens of human resource practices, psychological well-being and psychological empowerment  
  by Mohammad Swaiess, Omima Abdalla Abdalatif 
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate factors that influence on employee behaviour in achieving employee work engagement and sustainable employability. The research model is tested with 308 responses using structural equation modelling (SEM) approach. Results indicate that altogether human resource compensation, training, growth opportunity, supervisor support, psychological well-being and psychological empowerment explained R2 78.8% variance in work engagement. The effect size analysis (f2) revealed that supervisor support has substantial effect size in measuring employee behaviour towards work engagement. Aside of direct relationship, the moderating role of employee commitment was confirmed between employee work engagement and sustainable employability. Theoretically, this study contributes to human resource literature by examining the role of human resource practices in the context of work engagement and sustainable employability. Practically, this study suggests that policy makers should focus on factors like supervisor support, psychological empowerment and work engagement in order to increase sustainable employability.
  Keywords: human resource practices; psychological well-being; psychological empowerment; sustainable employability; structural equation modelling; SEM; work engagement.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10042905
   
  
• Developing, Measuring and Validating CSR Scale for Indian Manufacturing Sector  
  by Kavitha Shanmugam, Suganthi P 
  Abstract: Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has attracted the curiosity of the corporate and academic community in recent years. More specially, the importance of stakeholders for corporate entities has been established in the literature. There is a need for companies to measure the impact of its CSR activities towards its stakeholders, namely customers, employees, environment, community and corporate governance, the need being even more for a manufacturing company. So, this study tries to develop, measure and validate a scale for CSR in the Indian manufacturing sector using the stakeholder approach. A questionnaire was used to capture the qualitative data by generating items from the literature. The analysis confirmed the reliability and validity of the scale, most influencing factors of the dimensions of CSR and its adoption in the manufacturing sector in India.
  Keywords: corporate social responsibility; CSR; scale; stakeholders; Indian manufacturing sector; corporate governance; environment.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10043001
   
  
• Can Past Research Generate Future Opportunities - A Systematic Literature Review for Consumer Behaviour in the Service Sector  
  by Elia Oey, Hotniar Siringoringo 
  Abstract: Research on consumer behaviour is vast as it is crucial for both academia and industry. The service sector gives both challenges and opportunities for research on consumer behaviour. This paper is a systematic literature study on consumer behaviour research in the general service industry, aiming to identify groups of opportunities from previous studies. This study collected articles from the Scopus database from 2001 to 2020. From 4229 potential articles, 807 were selected. After two data reductions the sample was reduced to 232 articles. The articles were then categorised into theme, sub-theme, methods, and domain area. We found that the majority of past studies concentrated more on a diagnostic theme, with a smaller number suggesting improvements. Based on that, we proposed 16 groups of opportunities for future researchers. Three opportunities are specifically for the improvement theme of service research. Four opportunities are specific for the diagnostic theme, while the rest are generic.
  Keywords: consumer behaviour; services; systematic literature review; SLR.
  
  
• Assessment framework for Green HRM Practices  
  by Nagamani Subramanian, Marappan Suresh 
  Abstract: With a growing concern for sustainable development, all business organisations have become conscious in placing more emphasis on the integration of human resource management and environmental management, called as green human resources management (GHRM). The objective of this study is to assess the GHRM practices of retail stores using multi-grade fuzzy approach and to identify the weaker attributes using Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). GHRM assessment model was developed based on two enablers, ten criteria and 49 attributes from an extensive literature review and expert opinion. The assessment revealed that the GHRM index of case retail store accounts to 4.81, which is in between the range of (4 to 5) indicating low focus on GHRM. The study also provided necessary suggestions for improving the identified weaker attributes. This framework enables the retail store managers to identify their current GHRM practices level periodically and focus on weaker attributes for improving stores environmental performance.
  Keywords: green HRM; green workforce; HRM practices; retail store; multi-grade fuzzy; importance performance analysis; IPA.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10043085
   
  
• Association between Green Brand Trust, Green Brand Credibility, Green Brand Equity on Perceived Value and Purchase Intention towards Green Product  
  by HARISH KUMAR, SARGAM BAHL WALIA 
  Abstract: The proposed study aims to understand the association between the green brand trust, green brand credibility, green brand equity on perceived value and purchase intention towards green product at Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. This study is a combination of descriptive and exploratory research. Both primary and secondary sources of data collection has been used for the study. For this research, a survey of 300 respondents has been taken into consideration. A close ended questionnaire has been used to collect information from the respondents. A conceptual model has been proposed in the study which has been statistically tested using correlation and regression analysis. The study results show that green brand trust, green brand credibility, green brand equity has a significant association with perceived value. Meaningful association between perceived value and purchase intention of green products has also been revealed in this study. The research results show that the drivers of instilling a favourable intent towards green product purchase are green brand trust, green brand credibility, green brand equity and perceived value.
  Keywords: green brand trust; green brand credibility; green brand equity; perceived value; green product; sustainability.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10043087
   
  
• Consumer Preference Model for Coffee Beverages  
  by Elia Oey, Dimitri Dimitri, Meiviana Husin, Rianto Nurcahyo 
  Abstract: Coffee consumption in Indonesia has experienced a steady growth driven by modern urban lifestyles. Due to its potential market, it is important for coffee stakeholders in Indonesia to understand their consumers needs. The research is a case study of customer preference for coffee beverages in the Greater Jakarta area. The study proposes a consumer preference model to assist coffee shop owners in Greater Jakarta area understand their customers better and helps them formulate strategies. The study used a combination of literature review, affinity diagram brainstorming and Delphi technique to generate, screen and identify top five attributes and their respected level preferred by consumers. A multivariate conjoint model was formed to estimate the utility of coffee beverages. 451 responses were collected, and the result shows that the most important attributes are location (40.58%), taste (23.52%), service quality (17.05%), price (9.85%) and brand (8.99%). In terms of location, consumers preferred outside shopping malls, while light taste is preferred over strong taste. Consumers also prefer popular brand with interactive service and affordable prices.
  Keywords: coffee; conjoint analysis; consumer preference; Delphi.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10043157
   
  
• Relative importance of various sources of information for equity investment decisions: A demographic study of Indian Investors  
  by Meena Bhatia, Merlin Mythili Nelson 
  Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to comprehend the relative importance of various sources of information that different groups of investors rely upon while making investment decisions. The paper puts forth the specific significance of certain sources that might help understand the investor psyche of the various investor groups. Questionnaire-based survey research was conducted and responses of 276 respondents were analysed using descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests. The study reveals that while women investors relied more on advice from family, friends, and stockbrokers; investors who worked within the financial investment sector, preferred personal knowledge of the company and analysis and investors who took greater risks, made higher investments and stayed longer holding their stocks relied more on analytical decision-making based on corporate reports. These findings emphasise the benefits of investor profiling according to the various demographics and how it can help investment advisory firms to approach different investor groups.
  Keywords: individual investors; corporate annual reports; gender; occupation; investment advisory services; NSE.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10043299
   
  
• Influence of Performance Appraisal Dimensions on Employee Satisfaction: A study on Indian Higher Education Institutions  
  by Varsha Sharma, Reeta Singh, Priyanka Sihag, Mohit Kant Kaushik 
  Abstract: The present study aims to identify performance appraisal (PA) dimensions for effective faculty performance evaluations. This research examined current appraisal trends by scrutinizing forms of PAs used in Indian higher education institutions. The Teaching workforce satisfaction associated with derived appraisal dimensions has also been assessed. A self-designed questionnaire is used in this study consisting of items on a seven-point Likert-type scale. The study used the survey method for private universities that includes 398 respondents. ANOVA was used for investigation purposes. The study derives out academic development (AD), student feedback (SF), training and development (TD), transparency (TRNS) as critical dimensions based on analyzing current appraisal trends and literature sources. Further, a panel discussion was arranged to know the rationale for the findings. This study's result will help develop an efficient PA system for academic staff to improve their efficiency in an educational institute.
  Keywords: Performance appraisal faculty appraisal employee satisfaction higher education system performance appraisal dimensions.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10043343
   
  
• The Impact of Instagram Influencers on Customers’ Purchase Intention  
  by Shafig Al-Haddad, Mohammad Al Khasawneh, Esraa Odeh, Dana Alsarabi, Dana Barakat, Emily Sweis, Yara Batarseh 
  Abstract: This research aims to examine the impact of Instagram influencers’ characteristics on customer purchase intention, a quantitative approach was applied, where research data was collected through an online survey that was distributed on different social media platforms and filled by 395 people around Jordan. Data was tested and validated through “smart PLS” software. This research included seven hypotheses that were tested. Six of them were accepted, while one was rejected with no negative impact, meaning that one variable had an insignificant effect. The research hypotheses were built to suit the current framework and tested through a validation software in order to understand the importance of each element in the model in customers’ purchase intention. Validation resulted in revealing the strength of each element, except for one element which showed an insignificant effect. An in-depth analysis of the research findings is presented and a number of recommendations are proposed.
  Keywords: social media influencers; celebrity endorsers; purchase intention; credibility; Instagram influencers.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10043344
   
  
• Organizational Learning Factors Responsible for Achieving Business Excellence in IT Industry in India  
  by ASHUTOSH SHUKLA, Sunil Pandey, Ashish Mohan Dubey 
  Abstract: Organisational learning could be a way to locate some of the best practices of a firm. An organisation is a repository of wide range of experiences, human capital, technology and knowledge that guides its behaviour. With an aim to identify the organisational learning factors driving growth and innovation in Indian IT industry, it revisits the rich and diverse literature on organisational learning spread over the last six decades. It proposes modelling organisational learning in software firms by assimilating key ideas and approaches discussed in its literature. The paper opted for a cross-sectional study by developing and administering a survey instrument on employees representing middle and senior management levels in selected software companies across India. An exploratory factor analysis resulted in six key factors to present organisational learning in software firms. The study aims to identify a set of constructs capable of explaining organisational learning in software firms in Indian IT industry. It suggests focusing on learning infrastructure and result oriented learning as the key planes to harness organisational learning in software firms.
  Keywords: organisational learning; learning infrastructure; result oriented learning; knowledge management; multiple regression analysis; MRA; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10043395
   
  
• Consumer Repurchase Intention: A Review, Conceptual Framework, and Future Directions  
  by Vibha Trivedi, Diptiman Banerji, MOHIT YADAV 
  Abstract: A systematic review of 166 articles in the domain of repurchase intention (RI), published in the period 2014
  Keywords: repurchase intention; literature review; antecedents; retailing; consumer behaviour; online repurchase; consumer theories; consumer satisfaction; conceptual framework; classification.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10043420
   
  
• Analysis of Knowledge Management Practices in Colombian SMEs  
  by Sandra Cristina Erazo, Adriana Aguilera Castro, Ingrid Johanna Rondon Riaño 
  Abstract: The organisations involved in the fourth industrial revolution develop knowledge management practices as a mechanism that allows them to become increasingly competitive; this article is a result of the research CI. 8,125 Analysis of knowledge management in the SME of Valle del Cauca Funded by University of Valle (Colombia) and your aims is to analyse the practices of: organisation, leadership, technology and learning related to knowledge management in 118 Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Valle del Cauca Colombia. The analysis of the information was carried out using statistical tools such as correlations and causality analysis (PLS-PM), which allowed quantifying the weight of potential relationships that may occur between the practices developed by the SME object of study and knowledge management. The results reveal that SMEs in Colombia, develops learning and leadership practices that are strongly related to knowledge management, and in a smaller scale perform organisational and technological practices oriented to knowledge management. This article adds to the literature on knowledge management, highlighting its importance and revealing conclusions and challenges to intervene in organisations.
  Keywords: knowledge management; small and medium-sized enterprises; SME; organisation; leadership; technology; learning; Colombia.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10043521
   
  
• The Impact of Covid-19 on the Performances and Risks of the U.S. Energy ETF and Equity Portfolios  
  by Ikhlaas Gurrib, Qian Long Kweh, Irene Wei Kiong Ting, Mohammad Nourani 
  Abstract: This paper examines the use of energy-based ETF portfolios, opposed to traditional equity-based portfolios. Amid the recent negative returns of energy ETFs and outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, we aim to assess 1) which of the US sectors are best to combine with the energy sector, 2) how a sector-based ETF portfolio’s risk and return differ from an equity-based one, 3) how COVID-19 affected the sector-based portfolio performance compared to an equity-based one. Monthly data ranging from sector-based ETF and equity prices are sourced from September 2001 to June 2020. Findings suggest 1) the utilities sector to be consistently the most appropriate asset mix for a portfolio comprising the energy sector, 2) an equity-based portfolio was superior in performance than its sector-based counterpart, after adjusting for total and downside risk, 3) both sector- and equity-based portfolios shared similar impacts from COVID-19, with the latter maintaining superior portfolio performance in both pre- and post- COVID-19.
  Keywords: energy; exchange-traded fund; ETF; portfolio; equity portfolio; performance evaluation; COVID-19.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10043522
   
  
• Significance of Personality traits on the entrepreneurial intention and behaviour of engineering students of coastal Karnataka  
  by Madhukara Nayak, Narasimha Marakala 
  Abstract: The objective of the study was to investigate the significance of personality traits (locus of control, need for achievement (NACH), risk tolerance (RT) and entrepreneurial alertness) on entrepreneurial intention (EI) among final year engineering students from the coastal Karnataka region. The study was conducted based on a quantitative research methodology for which a structured questionnaire was developed to collect data from 622 respondents. A random sampling technique was adopted for data collection. Collected data were analysed using SEM-AMOS and SPSS version 23. The result revealed that locus of control, NACH, RT and entrepreneurial alertness had a significant influence on EI and EI had a significant influence on entrepreneurial behaviour. The outcomes of this study will help academicians and policymakers in designing effective entrepreneurial programs and activities to foster student entrepreneurship.
  Keywords: personality traits; locus of control; LOC; need for achievement; NACH; risk tolerance; entrepreneurial alertness; entrepreneurial intention.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10043523
   
  
• Digitalisation, Servitisation and Financial Performance: Evidence from Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Vietnam  
  by MALIK A.B.U. AFIFA, Hien Vo Van, Trang Le Hoang Van 
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between digitalisation, servitisation and financial performance in small and medium-sized enterprises in Vietnam from the manager’s perspective. The data are collected from 156 questionnaires. Through quantitative analysis technique, we provide some quite new and interesting results. Firstly, the age and size of the enterprise do not support the implementation of servitisation, and they have no impact on improving financial performance based on digitalisation. Secondly, we quantify the positive impact of digitalisation on servitisation. In addition to the positive correlation between digitalisation, servitisation and financial performance, we make a new contribution to the theory from the results of the intermediate analysis. Financial performance will be improved when enterprises apply digital technology to deploy related services. Furthermore, we show that financial performance in manufacturing firms is significantly improved when the level of synergies between digitalisation and servitisation is higher.
  Keywords: digitalisation; servitisation; SMEs; performance; Vietnamese market.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10043561
   
  
• Human Excellence Maturity Model: leveraging Human Resource Management to achieve operational excellence  
  by Sebastiano Di Luozzo, Marco Marino, Massimiliano Maria Schiraldi 
  Abstract: The objective of this paper is to propose a maturity framework in the human resource domain (
  Keywords: human excellence maturity model; HEMM; operational excellence; human factor; business improvement; operations management; supply chain management.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10043827
   
  
• Empirical evidence on the causal relationships between COVID-19 and sustainability: A DEMATEL Approach  
  by Gaurav Jyoti, HIMANSHU -, Ashu Khanna 
  Abstract: The study aims to find out the interrelationship between COVID-19 preventive measures and sustainability indicators. Data was collected from 300 corporate sustainability managers and consultants. The DEMATEL technique has been used. Five dimensions under the COVID-19 preventive measures and three leading sustainability indicators (environmental, social, and governance) along with fifteen sub-indicators are identified. The results reveal that COVID-19 preventive measures significantly influence the environmental and social aspects of sustainability. The interlinkages among sub-indicators of sustainability are also considered. The managers suggest that the pandemic has extended the scope and relevance of sustainability reporting in organisations. The study recommends that countries should not postpone their sustainable development goals (SDGs) due to COVID-19; instead, they should prioritise and synchronise their economic development agendas with these goals. The study also calls for long-term sustainable strategies to be implemented by the corporates so as to navigate towards SDGs.
  Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic; corporate sustainability; sustainability reporting; sustainable development; ESG performance; sustainable performance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10043830
   
  
• Impact of Training and development on employee performance and productivity in Jordan.  
  by Loiy Bani Ismail, Mohammad Alawamleh, Anaam Maayah 
  Abstract: This paper aims to examine the impact of training and development on employee performance and productivity. A questionnaire was prepared and distributed to a sample of 243 employees from telecommunications sector in Jordan to examine the impact of training and development on employee’s performance and their productivity. The results of the investigation showed that training and development has a positive impact on employee performance and productivity. This research has reached point of view in a wider way which will assist in understanding the issue and the effective solutions. This research found that training and development are important for the employee to improve their skills, knowledge, and communication in order to have a positive impact in telecommunication industry.
  Keywords: training and development; employee performance; employee productivity; skills; communication; knowledge.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10043973
   
  
• The psychosocial and economic impact of COVID-19 on the Middle East market  
  by Malik Elhaj, Moid Ahmad 
  Abstract: The COVID-19 has emerged as a real threat to global health and economic stability. This has affected the earnings as well as the psychological state of individuals. The governments of various countries have announced various initiatives, schemes and economic relief packages to support the respective economies and its residents. This paper attempts to analyse the impact of COVID-19 and of the government’s initiatives on the earnings and psychosocial state of the affected. The research is based on a sample of Middle East respondents and uses the mediation-moderation methodology as the anchor technique for analysis. One of the significant finding of the research is that the social media was found to mediate the effect of government’s schemes and initiatives on the earnings of respondents during COVID-19.
  Keywords: COVID-19; economic impact; social impact; Middle East; stress.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10043984
   
  
• Acceptance of Mobile Advertising among Gen Z in Malaysia: Implications for Business Sustainability Through Digitalisation in Post COVID-19  
  by Gek Siang Tan, Kamarulzaman Ab Aziz, Xin Lin Ng 
  Abstract: The phenomenal growth of smartphone penetration rate is reflected in Malaysia, alluring marketers to deliver mobile advertisements directly to targeted consumers. Although the COVID-19 pandemic has placed many industries to a near stand-still with huge reduction in advertising budget, mobile advertising spending increases. Consumers who stay home spend more time on their mobile devices for work and leisure purposes, giving marketers a great opportunity to deliver marketing messages via mobile devices. However, consumers show negative attitude towards mobile advertising messages, particularly among the young consumers. Using virtual snowball and purposive sampling technique, this study examines the determinants of mobile advertising acceptance among 200 respondents aged between 18
  Keywords: acceptance; mobile advertising; Generation Z; Malaysia; business sustainability; digitalisation; COVID-19; UTAUT.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10044013
   
  
• Modeling the Barriers that are Preventing E-commerce to Thrive  
  by Joana C. Machado, Susana C. Silva, Paulo Duarte, Carla S. C. Martins, Joao Alexandre Lobo Marques 
  Abstract: The identification of barriers for e-commerce to thrive in specific countries is a topic of great interest. This work proposes two models to study the barriers to B2C e-commerce adoption in Portugal, highlighting obstacles less exploited by previous research: the impact of offline shopping pleasure and the influence of the distance to shopping malls on online shopping intent. An online survey was conducted based on different constructs. A multivariate OLS hierarchical regression was used to analyse the proposed models regarding the intention to buy online and the number of online purchases. The results revealed that customer satisfaction is a strong predictor of intent to buy online and that perceived product risk remains a barrier to e-commerce. Consumers living in high urbanised areas have more propensity to buy online. Helpful information is provided regarding the impact of context, culture, product, and individual barriers, showing that multichannel strategies are best suited for success.
  Keywords: online shopping; e-commerce barriers; retail; Portugal.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10044133
   
  
• Readiness Assessment of Integrated Manufacturing Business Excellence Model in Indian Manufacturing Industry Using Multi-Grade Fuzzy Approach  
  by K.P. Paranitharan, Balaji Venkataraman, Sabitha M.S, Ramesh Babu T 
  Abstract: Today manufacturing industries are moving towards quality and manufacturing management practices in an integrated manner for maintaining high-level performance and sustainability. In support of this, an integrated manufacturing business excellence system (IMBES) assessment model is developed, which comprises three levels and consists of ten enablers, divided into 25 criteria for obtaining information about the performance and sustainability readiness of an organisation. To which, the multi-grade fuzzy (MGF) logic approach has been proposed for assessing the performance and sustainability readiness. ABC manufacturing organisation was taken as a case to implement the IMBES model. The data were gathered by experts from the ABC and tested using the MGF approach. The IMBES index value was enumerated, and further these enablers were classified using IPA and the weak criteria were identified through PII. The result ensures that the organisation readiness exercise would be suitable for IMBES model to survive in the competitive market environment.
  Keywords: readiness; integrated manufacturing business excellence system; IMBES; multi-grade fuzzy; MGF; performance importance index; PII; importance performance analysis; IPA; sustainability.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10044179
   
  
• Study on Workcation Tourism: Buying behavior and the Mediating Role of Travel Intentions during COVID-19 Pandemic: An Empirical Study in Uttarakhand  
  by Anuj ., Deepak Kaushal, Rajesh Kumar Upadhyay, Akhilesh Sharma, Jitendra Chauhan 
  Abstract: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) had actually provided the world with a lot of new insights in terms of work culture and status quo. Employees and Employers both are comparatively flexible and ready to adapt to the quickly changing dynamics of the scenario. Workcation is one such innovation in terms of working from home, yet not staying in home and exploring some tourist destination. The motive behind such kind of innovation is basic which is breaking the boredom and monotony of being at home 24*7. The present study is aimed to study the concept of workcation in the consumers opting for. The study revolves around the consumer buying behaviour relating to workcation with the assumption that travel intentions are the most crucial intermediately factor which mediates the role of BB which is dependent on electronic word-of-mouth, safety trust on destination and the internet service quality.
  Keywords: workcation; work-related tourism; buying behaviour; travel intentions; electronic word-of-mouth; eWOM; COVID-19.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10044270
   
  
• Influence of organizational climate on employee engagement: Personality Type as a moderator  
  by Jaya Ahuja, Vani Narula 
  Abstract: The present study attempts to examine the relationship between overall employee engagement and perceived organisational climate (OC). The study further tries to investigate the impact of type a and type b personality in perceived OC and overall employee engagement. The sample comprised of 229 middle level managers who were representatives of 11 private sector organisations in North India. Data analysis is done through moderated regression. The results outline the role of personality as a moderator between perceived OC and overall employee engagement. The current research instigates the managers to understand the role of personality and its impact on overall employee engagement. The present study is an attempt to provide a new insight in dealing with different personality types, perceived OC and its impact on overall employee engagement.
  Keywords: organisational climate; intellectual; social and affective employee engagement; personality; type a and type b; and moderator.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10044374
   
  
• Competencies and Organizational culture: An impact analysis to determine Managerial Effectiveness  
  by Mahak Mahajan, Hemant Bhanawat, B.P. Bijay Sankar, Jai Kumar Sharma 
  Abstract: This study focuses on competencies and their role in increasing employees’ effectiveness in the higher educational institutions (HEIs) in Delhi-NCR. Additionally, the significance of organisational culture in improving the performance of these employees was also taken into consideration. This exploratory study has used a structured questionnaire to collect the data from executives, administrative and academic employees as respondents who were chosen from Delhi-NCR using a multi-stage sampling technique. One hundred sixty usable samples were gathered and analysed for factor analysis using SPSS and AMOS version 22.0. The results highlight the association between competencies and managerial effectiveness, which organisational culture improved. It is essential to develop an organisational culture that emphasises the influence of competencies on managerial effectiveness for the organisational success and growth of HEIs. Employees with a true blend of interpersonal and professional competencies and adapting to the organisational culture effectively contribute to the competitive advantage of HEIs, thus adding to the study’s novelty.
  Keywords: competencies; organisational culture; managerial effectiveness; performance; higher educational institutions; HEIs.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10044477
   
  
• The relationship between environmental disclosure and influencing factors in an emerging market: evidence from Vietnamese enterprises  
  by Tai Thanh Nguyen, Cong Van Nguyen 
  Abstract: This study aims to investigate and identify factors influencing environmental disclosure in an emerging market. Data is collected through a survey from 431 enterprises in Vietnam by convenient non-probability sampling method. The study combines the use of both qualitative and quantitative methods through consultants with the use of statistical methods such as Cronbach’s alpha test, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and tests the linear structural equation model (SEM) to analyse the collected data. Research results have confirmed that seven factors are affecting environmental information disclosure in enterprises. They are staff qualifications, enterprise size, legal regulations, perception of enterprise leaders, industry characteristics, financial resources, and stakeholders. Contrary to many previously published studies, in this study, the audit factor does not affect information disclosure because, in Vietnam, auditing is only required for companies listed on the stock exchange while most Vietnamese enterprises are not listed.
  Keywords: environmental information disclosure; enterprise size; financial resources; legal regulations; stakeholders; Vietnam.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10044526
   
  
• Contradictions in global economic development  
  by Jing Du, Larisa Efimov, Mengze Zhang, Valeriy Prasolov, Vladislav Ananishnev 
  Abstract: The aim of the study is to demonstrate empirically the convergent and opposing dynamics of modern economic systems in order to assess their socio-economic environment during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study revealed that the market economy and the command-administrative economy both had co-directional and divergent dynamics of economic development, which was reflected in the changes of economic indicators. The study of empirical data showed that GDP, GDP per capita, gross savings, consumer spending, and the share of income of the poorest 20% of the population were changing similarly in Russia and China. At the same time, such indicators as inflation rate, imports of goods and services, external debt and unemployment had opposite trends. The findings show that the command-administrative system is more stable in times of crisis, characterised by greater inflation stability, reduced dependence on imports, and increased equity in income distribution.
  Keywords: economic system; market economy; command economy; Russia; China.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10044527
   
  
• An Application of ARIMA Model: Evidence from selected stocks of export-based countries  
  by Himani Gupta, Miklesh Prasad Yadav 
  Abstract: To make today better than yesterday and tomorrow better than today, investors want to invest in those stocks which generate lucrative return. They can earn good return if they can predict the stock of their interested stocks. We forecast the stock return of top five export economies to check whether there are opportunities for investment. The select countries considered in study are China, Germany, Hong Kong, the USA, and Japan. Based on the closing price extending from 2001 to 2020, we check the stationarity and forecast stock return applying ADF and ARIMA models respectively. The result reveals that the stock returns of Hong Kong can be forecasted while the stock return of rest of the countries cannot. The study concludes that an investor can invest in Hong Kong stock to generate an excess return, but they have to be cautious while investing in the rest of constituent stocks.
  Keywords: forecasting; export countries; stock return; autoregressive; moving average.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10044579
   
  
• Development & Validation of Business Excellence Framework for Indian Manufacturing MSMEs  
  by Unnikrishnan PM, Jyoti Tikoria, Arun Kumar Agariya 
  Abstract: The present study aims at exploring the status of business excellence practices, proposing and validating a framework and prioritisation of validated factors for Indian manufacturing MSMEs. A structured methodology was followed for achieving the three-fold objectives of present research work. The findings present the awareness and status of business excellence practices in MSMEs followed by validation of eight factor multidimensional construct of business excellence comprising of factors namely organisational culture and stakeholder engagement; quality systems and business orientation; self-managed teams with diverse work force; competitiveness and market orientation; result orientation; innovation and continuous improvement; inclusive organisational environment and leadership and top management commitment; out of these leadership and top management commitment received a higher weightage. The implications for practitioners and policy makers have also been discussed. The novelty of this research work lies in proposing a framework for business excellence assessment of MSMEs for fueling the growth of Indian economy.
  Keywords: business excellence; India; micro; small and medium enterprises; MSMEs; framework; economy.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10044723
   
  
• Do online reviews help in perceiving the desired service? A study based on Indian consumers  
  by SADIYA FATIMA, Anupam Ghosh 
  Abstract: Despite the fact that online consumer reviews are becoming increasingly important in marketing literature, research regarding the impact of online consumer reviews is very limited in the Indian context. Existing literature in conjunction with interviews, under the guidance of prospect and uncertainty reduction theory was used to develop foundation for the current study. This research paper aims to conceptualise the impact of online consumer reviews among the Indian consumers in predicting their desired service. It focuses on three vital components of online reviews namely valence, content, and source credibility. Web survey was used for data collection. Pearson correlation and simple linear regression method were used to derive findings of the study. Results reveal that the valence and content of online reviews help consumers to perceive their desired service while the source of the review has no such impact. Based on the findings, theoretical and managerial implications are also presented.
  Keywords: electronic word of mouth; e-commerce; online consumer review; perceived desired service; expected service; review valence; review content; source credibility; service quality.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10044763
   
  
• Measuring Perceived Value and Customer Loyalty of an Online Retailer Using Confirmatory Analysis with Consistent PLS - Application of E-Squal model  
  by Sandhya Rao, Shilpa Praveen, Karthik Kudroli 
  Abstract: Internet technologies enable online retailers to provide products and services to consumers. Superior service quality is crucial to ensure a steady base of loyal satisfied customers. This study measures service quality impact on perceived value and customer loyalty for online transactions using E-Squal model. A survey research design is used where data is collected from 250 respondents using convenience sampling method. Partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) in Smart PLS is used to assess the validity and reliability of the measurement. Composite reliability (CR), factor loading, and average variance extracted (AVE) is used to test the convergent validity. The results of the study indicate that efficiency and privacy were most important dimensions having an impact on the overall loyalty. Findings indicate that speed of online service, easy access and use and safety of customer information are the main attributes that make customers prefer online shopping.
  Keywords: e-commerce; electronic commerce; online shopping; customer loyalty; service quality; perceived value; E-Squal.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10044818
   
  
• New insights on employee retention through employer branding: A multiple mediation study on the healthcare sector in Pakistan  
  by Attia Aman-Ullah, Azelin Aziz, Hadziroh Ibrahim 
  Abstract: This study aims to test the employer branding as an antecedent of employee retention along with serial mediation relationship of job satisfaction, organisational identification, and employee loyalty. For the data collection purpose survey method was used and data was collected from 380 doctors from fifteen selected hospitals of Pakistan. This study found a significantly positive relationship between employer branding and employee retention under social exchange theory and organisational identification theory. Also, the findings confirm multiple mediation relationships through job satisfaction, organisational identification, and employee loyalty. Additionally, sequential mediation is confirmed. By paying attention to branding practices healthcare organisations can enhance retain their employees. With this they can also enhance employees’ job satisfaction, identification, and loyalty of employees, which will help improve the retention rates of doctors. Healthcare organisations should have better understanding of employer branding and its impact on employee’s behaviour in order to get the employees retained.
  Keywords: employer branding; employee retention; job satisfaction; organisational identification; employee loyalty; healthcare sector; Pakistan.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10044835
   
  
• SOCIAL MEDIA INFLUENCER MARKETING: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW  
  by Udita Trehan, Imran Nadeem Siddiqui, Jay Kumar Dewangan 
  Abstract: Social media influencer marketing is a growing area and becoming an inevitable part of the marketing mix of companies. The study realises that there is a necessity to conduct a systematic literature review available on social media influencers. This review gives a detailed insight into the literature available on social media influencers to shed light on domains that have been researched and the ones that are still unexplored. Accordingly, the study aimed to systematically review the current literature on social media influencer marketing. By reviewing 50 articles, this study provides an overview of the trends and themes covered by relevant literature such as the role of social media influencer in buying behaviour, the impact of social media influencers on firm’s image and performance, and highlights the domains where influencers play a significant role. The findings of the review throw light on geographical locations, context, and journal type of the articles taken in the study.
  Keywords: social media influencer marketing; social media influencers; Instagram; YouTube Bloggers; buying behaviour; purchase intention; consumer behaviour.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10045019
   
  
• The Effects of Information Environment on Internal and External Financing Choices  
  by Li-Kai (Connie) Liao, Victoria S.P. Wang 
  Abstract: This study examines the effects of the overall information environment on the choices of internal/external funding choices and on the decisions of debt/equity financing (Myers and Majluf, 1984). The empirical findings, whether the combination of all financial deficits or its four components, support the pecking order theory in the perspective of overall information environment. However, the pecking order behaviour does not hold if firms are under financial distress. After classifying sample into good/bad information environment, the results are consistent with the full sample. No evidence supports the pecking order theory when considering the persistence of financing policy.
  Keywords: internal financing; external financing; information environment; financial deficits; pecking order theory.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10045198
   
  
• COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE THROUGH COMBINATION OF SUSTAINABILITY SUPPLY CHAIN PRACTICES AND DYNAMIC ORGANIZATIONAL CAPABILITIES: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK  
  by Mohamad Hasib Uddin, Azmawani Abd Rahman, Yuhanis Abdul Aziz, Mohammad Razzak 
  Abstract: Traditional sources of competitive advantage through control of resources are insufficient in a dynamic business world. Hence, organisations need to search for new sources of competitive advantage for growth and survival. The extant literature appears to be skewed in favor of the resource-based theory (RBV). Nevertheless, recent academic discourse reveals that the sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) practices framework along with the dynamic capabilities view (DCV) offer a window into new avenues of competitive advantages for businesses. Therefore, this study leverages both the above theoretical views to propose a conceptual framework that presents a set of propositions linking the three dimensions of SSCM Practices (environmental, social and economic), along with two dimensions of dynamic organisational capabilities (management and technological) arguing that they influence competitive advantage. The outcome of this study is expected to pave the path for empirical studies that may identify new predictors of competitive advantage.
  Keywords: competitive advantage; sustainable supply chain management; SSCM practices; dynamic capabilities view; DCV.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10045247
   
  
• Relationship between Involvement Climate and Autonomous Motivation: Results from the Indian context  
  by Aditi Bisht, SANTOSH RANGNEKAR 
  Abstract: This paper aims to identify the impact of employee perceptions of involvement climate on work motivation. Employee motivation is still regarded as a critical outcome in the organisational behaviour literature. The data has been collected through survey questionnaires of 310 managers currently working in organisations in North India. The hypothesised relationship between employee involvement climate and work motivation has been tested using multiple hierarchal regression. Employee involvement climate is found to be positively correlated with autonomous motivation. The results indicate that participative decision-making and performance-based rewards facilitate autonomous motivation. This study provides insights for organisations regarding increased participative decision making and performance-based reward that influence employee behaviour. This study contributes to the literature on the phenomenon of involvement climate efforts that facilitate employee motivation at work.
  Keywords: employee involvement; climate; work motivation; self-determination theory; SDT; Indian organisations.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10045251
   
  
• Examining the relationship between transformational leadership and employee creativity: moderation and mediation across proactive personality and work engagement  
  by Nejib Ben Moussa  
  Abstract: The objective of the article is to identify the effect of transformational leadership on employee creativity in Tunisian SME’s. We conducted a survey of 95 Tunisian SME employees. Smart PLS 3 software was used to test our research hypotheses. The results revealed that transformational leadership is strongly correlated with the employee’s creativity. This relationship is reinforced by the effect of mediation of work engagement. The employee’s proactive personality moderates the employee’s work engagement and creativity. On the other hand, it does not moderate the relationship between transformational leadership and work engagement. Managers should be aware that improving employee creativity through transformational leadership is facilitated by the interaction between proactive personality and work engagement. The originality of our study is that it incorporates both the moderators and mediators who for the first time are studied together to explain the relationship transformational leadership and employee creativity.
  Keywords: transformational leadership; employee creativity; work engagement; proactive personality.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10045450
   
  
• FACTORS AFFECTING THE SKILLS AND OVERALL CAREER DEVELOPMENT: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS AMONG THE EMPLOYEES OF BANKING SECTOR  
  by Manuja Garg, Sanjeev Bansal 
  Abstract: Training and development are the most vital component of any organization to build efficient and skilled manpower. The training program aims to give the knowledge, instructions, needful skills and instructions to the existing and new employees to perform the particular job. Therefore, this article analyses the various demographic variables related to the employees of the banking sector and their impact has been studied on the various extracted components like internal motivation, training objective and overall career development. It has been found that variables like the age group of the employees and the number of training programs attended by the bank employees have a significant impact on one of the three extracted components.
  Keywords: Training and development; Career development; ANOVA; principal component analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10045671
   
  
• Consequences of Covid-19 on Vietnamese Extractive Industry: Empirical Evidence  
  by MALIK A.B.U. AFIFA, Nha Nguyen Minh, Hien Vo Van 
  Abstract: This research aims to investigate the change of corporate performance of extractive listed corporates in Vietnam, and to test theories on the capital structure by considering the influence of COVID-19 pandemic. Our sample comprises Vietnamese extractive corporates listed on HOSE, HNX and Upcom. Using GMM estimation method, the findings demonstrate that there is a negative and substantial influence of leverage on discretionary and non-discretional performance, which suitable for trade-off theory and pecking-order theory. However, COVID-19 pandemic does not seriously impact the extractive corporate performance. Additionally, Vietnamese extractive corporates tend to use earnings management to reduce the influence of COVID-19 pandemic.
  Keywords: firm performance; COVID-19 pandemic; Vietnam; extractive industry; trade-off theory; pecking-order theory.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10045745
   
  
• Emotional coping ability and its significant impact on Health in Nurses: A systematic review  
  by Sumit Debnath, Puja Khatri 
  Abstract: The coping style represents the ability of a person to use certain styles or groups of coping methods that the person prefers. It is also significant that burnout leads to depletion of energy as a result nurses feel depressed because they cannot efficiently perform their duties. Hence coping mechanisms can play an important role in managing such symptoms. The study aims to make a systematic analysis of the literature related to coping with stress concerning nurses. Articles were searched from the period 2015
  Keywords: nurses; stress; coping; emotion.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10045813
   
  
• A study on factors affecting academic stress amongst students of higher education a system dynamic approach
  by Priyanka Singh, Sanjay Bhushan, Anuja Shukla 
  Abstract: Stress is an important issue for students and society as a whole. Stress in academic institutions can lead to both positive and negative consequences. In the current paper, researchers identify the antecedents of students academic stress. The findings of the study indicate that many additional factors influence students stress such as study, teaching, social relations, financial and environmental (administrative and campus) of the students which impacts students life. Higher education institutions focus on students involvement in co-curricular activities. They also have counselling facility for the students who are suffering from stress and also run stress management programmes for the students according to their needs and level of stress. Strategically managed stress helps to increase the positive outcome like productivity of students and performance over a period of time.
  Keywords: stress; value-based education; higher education; system dynamics modelling; simulation; causal loop diagram; stock flow.
  
  
• Study and analysis of the PFMEA approach for the aerospace manufacturing industries: evidence from aircraft manufacturers  
  by Tarik Saikouk, Ahmed Hambdi 
  Abstract: Aeronautics, space and defence industry is characterised by the usage of highly regulated and technically complex inputs. Most regulatory agencies and buyers of products or services in the industry, instruct firms to conduct business with partners that possess a supplier quality management system (SQMS). SQMS includes documented processes and procedures for managing ones suppliers. Keeping this in mind, the present work focus on demonstrating the implementation of a variant of failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) which is process FMEA in the aeronautics, space and defence industry. Using an action research methodology, we present and discuss the case of original brand manufacturer (OBM) that has implemented PFMEA to manage suppliers risks. As part of a quality early warning system (QEWS), the approach was implemented for the fairings sub commodity for a total of 11 work packages, five suppliers and one product program. Further, the present work serves as a reference mechanism for practitioners and academicians in aerospace manufacturing industries.
  Keywords: failure mode and effect analysis; FMEA; risk management; quality management; supplier management; PFMEA.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10046190
   
  
• TPM as an Organizational Motivator for Gaining Business Excellence and Sustainability in Competitive Environment: An Empirical Exploration  
  by Pardeeep Gupta, SUMIT KUMAR 
  Abstract: Total productive maintenance (TPM) is a globally acknowledged business management tool utilised by industry for improving equipment and people for attaining business excellence. This paper aims to examine how TPM implementation at XYZ Auto Limited, India contributed in motivating its leadership, employees, suppliers and dealers for improving their performance capabilities. This industry adopted TPM for attaining long term sustainability in the ever growing and highly competitive automobile market. TPM implementation facilitated the industry in imparting higher job satisfaction through empowerment, knowledge enrichment and appreciation among its employees, suppliers and dealers in an effort to improve its business performance. After TPM implementation, the overall plant efficiency increased to 90%, warranty claims reduced by 68%, in-process defects reduced by 95%, manufacturing cost reduced by 37% and lead time reduced by 25%. This study is a novel and distinctive empirical exploration that establishes a relationship among TPM, organisational motivation and business performance.
  Keywords: total productive maintenance; TPM; organisational motivation; employee motivation; business excellence; quality management; organisational capabilities.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10046118
   
  
• Confusion to Clarity: Role of online reviews on purchase decision of online Customers  
  by Rakhee Chhibber, A.K. Srivastava 
  Abstract: The research is for the study of the impacts of the importance of review, nature of review and nature of customers on a purchase decision of online Customers. A quantitative research methodology was used and using 208 online customer’s data of Delhi/NCR. The tools used for research are factor analysis and structural equation modelling uaing Smart PLS. All the statements regarding the impact of online reviews for the purchase decision of customer had been converted into factors. Total 18 statements were converted into 4 variables- three independent variables like importance of review, nature and need of Customers and of review and nature of reviews (Qualitative/Quantitative (scale or rating) and one dependent variable as purchase decision of online customers. The outcomes of this study also indicated that the obtained independent variables have a substantial positive effect on consumer’s purchase decisions once they do online shopping.
  Keywords: Purchase decision; Nature of Customers; online review; star rating; Need of Customer; Scale rating.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10046292
   
  
• A META-RELQUAL Framework for B2B Sales Partnerships: Empirical Findings from Spain  
  by Carlos Ferro, Carmen Padín Fabeiro, Isolde Lubbe, Göran Svensson, Nils M. Høgevold 
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is to verify the validity and reliability of a META-RELQUAL (MRQ) framework in B2B sales partnerships. A questionnaire was distributed to a sample of Spanish businesses across a variety of industries that have a B2B focus. The study confirms the satisfactory validity and reliability of the MRQ-framework in B2B sales relationships. The MRQ-framework can be applied with salespeople in a Southern European B2B partnership settings, specifically Spain. The study also provides guidance to manage B2B purchase and sales partnerships based on a ten-dimensional foundation of concepts. Furthermore, the study amplifies the universal applicability of the MRQ-framework in B2B sales partnerships, specifically in a different country setting.
  Keywords: relationship marketing theory; salespeople; relationship quality; META-RELQUAL; social exchange theory; SET; transaction cost analysis; TCA; business to business partnerships; Spain.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10046296
   
  
• Liquidity Management and Profitability: Evidence from Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in China  
  by Chen Yu, Md Jahidur Rahman, Md Moazzem Hossain 
  Abstract: This study examined the relationship between the profitability and liquidity of Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and its effects by using ten-year data of 249 Chinese SMEs listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange from 2009 to 2018. A pooled regression analysis and a pairwise Granger causality test were performed to examine the relationship between the liquidity and profitability of these SMEs. Multiple proxies were utilised to measure SME performance, including: 1) return on asset (ROA); 2) return on equity; 3) net profit ratio (NPR). Results show cash conversion cycle (CCC) has a significantly negative relationship with SME performance. In the robustness test, results of a pairwise Granger causality test revealed that liquidity affects the profitability of Chinese SMEs, especially between ROA and cash ratio and between NPR and CCC. Regardless of the type of company, capital structures and working capital management are basic transactions in corporate finance. This research offers comprehensive information on the selected topic to compensate for the lack of evidence supporting the profitability and liquidity management of Chinese SMEs.
  Keywords: liquidity; Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises; small and medium-sized enterprises; SMEs; profitability; Granger causality; China.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10046586
   
  
• Impact of Covid-19 on entrepreneurial intentions of management graduates: A comparative study amongst business students in India and UAE  
  by Anam Akhtar, Khurram Ajaz Khan, John Amoah 
  Abstract: The present study has dual objectives. First, to examine how the COVID-19 affected entrepreneurial intentions of business students in India and UAE. Secondly, to compare the entrepreneurial intention of business students of India and UAE, and conclude whether gender, location, and specialisation depict similarities or differences in the entrepreneurial intentions during COVID-19. Researchers collected a sample of 234 business school final semester students in India and UAE. The data were analysed through SPSS, and non-parametric tests Mann-Whitney and Kruskal Wallis were used to detect the differences. The findings revealed no differences based on gender, location, and specialisation in the entrepreneurial intentions among business school students. Instead of negatively impacting students due to the COVID-19 impact, it reflected that student have a positive inclination towards entrepreneurial intention, and results reflect that most students take the present situation as an opportunity rather than a threat.
  Keywords: business students; entrepreneurship; intentions; India; UAE; COVID-19.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10046599
   
  
• Work-life balance and Organizational effectiveness: An emphasis on mediating effect of employee commitment  
  by Ansumalini Panda, Swati Bankar 
  Abstract: In today's world, balancing work and life is a never-ending issue. Today's global marketplace necessitates unwavering "work-life commitment" in the form of conflicting professional responsibilities. In the context of an organization, maintaining a high level of work
  Keywords: Work-life balance; employee commitment; organizational effectiveness; business process outsourcing; organization devlopment.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10046618
   
  
• The Role of Organizational Fit and Implementation Contingencies in the Success of ERP Projects in a Developing Country  
  by Minwir Al-Shammari, Younis Abdulla 
  Abstract: Several challenges could appear during the implementation process of enterprise resource planning (ERP) projects that need to be managed and appropriately planned to ensure successful implementation. This paper examines the role of ERP organisational fit and implementation contingencies in ERP projects’ success in medium and large companies in a developing country, Bahrain. Data has been gathered from a sample of 78 respondents actively involved in their companies’ ERP implementation process. The results support previous research concerning the significant relationship between organisational fit, process adaptation, ERP adaptation, and training and ERP project success. In contrast, a negligible correlation was found for some classical success factors, such as organisational resistance to ERP projects’ success. It is recommended for future research to investigate more factors relevant to ERP implementation to improve ERP implementation success.
  Keywords: enterprise resource planning; ERP; ERP projects; organisational fit; implementation contingencies; Bahrain.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10046635
   
  
• Exploring project excellence concept: How the potential and its reinforcement contribute to achieving excellent project results  
  by Mariusz Hofman, Grzegorz Grela 
  Abstract: Searching for excellence is an important direction in developing modern organisations that, more and more often, regard striving for excellence as a way of strengthening their competitive edge. The article discusses issues of project excellence and ways of achieving it. The deductive model developed assumes that the existing potential, consisting of the attitude of the management, competencies of the project leader, and efficiency of the project team, and appropriately reinforced through the effective management of project implementation processes, makes it possible to attain excellent project results. The deductive model is based on the assumptions of the project excellence baseline (PEB) model. The conducted studies indicate that the measurement and structural model show a very good match with empirical data and a high predictive capacity. It was found that the potential of excellence existing in an organisation determines the excellence of project results in a similar way as the reinforcement of the potential even though differences occur depending on the project category and the methodology used. It was also found that the project team, a key element of the potential of excellence, influences the manner of reinforcement by appropriately using the available and initiated project implementation processes and the related resources.
  Keywords: project excellence; potential of excellence; excellence reinforcement; project excellence models; PEMs.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10046660
   
  
• Entrepreneurial Knowledge Management Model: A Panacea for Start-Up Failures in Emerging Markets  
  by Priyadarshini Jayaraj Perumal, Vaneeta Aggarwal 
  Abstract: Knowledge is a very crucial and inevitable resource for new ventures to sustain competitive advantage. In this technology-driven dynamic world, the process of knowledge management of start-ups is not efficient enough to meet the competitive demands existing in the market. Huge differences exist between the knowledge management activities between the established firms and new firms. The process of knowledge management in start-ups is a relatively new and least explored area in entrepreneurship. The primary objective is to study the knowledge management process for start-ups through a qualitative approach; the secondary objective is to offer suggestions for knowledge acquisition and improving knowledge management in the start-ups; and the tertiary objective is to develop a model for effective knowledge management process for gaining sustainable competitive advantage. This paper is based on grounded theory. The authors of this study have collected data from ten entrepreneurs running start-ups in Chennai, an emerging market. NVivo 12 Plus qualitative software is used for analysing the data collected through the interview schedule. An entrepreneurial knowledge management model based on the insights and analysis from the interview schedule was developed, and suggestions were given regarding entrepreneurial knowledge management for start-ups.
  Keywords: entrepreneurial knowledge management; start-ups; entrepreneurial knowledge management for problem solving; emerging markets; Chennai; qualitative study; new ventures; knowledge management model.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10046662
   
  
• Study and analysis of the PFMEA approach for the aerospace manufacturing Industries: Evidence from aircraft manufacturers  
  by Tarik Saikouk, Ahmed Hamdi 
  Abstract: Aeronautics, space and defence industry is characterised by the usage of highly regulated and technically complex inputs. Most regulatory agencies and buyers of products or services in the industry, instruct firms to conduct business with partners that possess a supplier quality management system (SQMS). SQMS includes documented processes and procedures for managing one’s suppliers. Keeping this in mind, the present work focus on demonstrating the implementation of a variant of failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) which is process FMEA in the aeronautics, space and defence industry. Using an action research methodology, we present and discuss the case of original brand manufacturer (OBM) that has implemented PFMEA to manage supplier’s risks. As part of a quality early warning system (QEWS), the approach was implemented for the fairings sub commodity for a total of 11 work packages, five suppliers and one product program. Further, the present work serves as a reference mechanism for practitioners and academicians in aerospace manufacturing industries.
  Keywords: failure mode and effect analysis; FMEA; risk management; quality management; supplier management; PFMEA.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10046671
   
  
• Investigating the impact of Social Media Marketing on Research Online and Purchase Offline (ROPO) for Fashion Luxury Brands  
  by Mohammad Al Khasawneh, Shafig Al-Haddad, Rahaf Mbaideen, Raghad Ghazi, Tala Irshaid, Husam Mustafa Abdallah Alnaimi 
  Abstract: This research aims to examine different factors that affect research online and purchase offline (ROPO) to provide fashion luxury brands managers with knowledge of social media activities and their impact on consumers purchase intention. A quantitative method was used by conducting an online survey using Google-Forms and distributing it to 384 participants through social media platforms to collect data, in order to answer the research questions and to test the hypotheses. Moving to data analysis, researchers used AMOS software to test the hypotheses and the reliability of the model. The findings of this study indicate that the functional value of the fashion luxury brands plays a dominant role in influencing consumers to search for the brand and visit their physical store (click-and-mortar); the effect is more enhanced when consumers are familiar with the brand which reference to brand consciousness. Followed by materialism and symbolic values related to the brand, which are the financial value, and social value. Afterwards, eWOM and SMMA in which both have the least influence.
  Keywords: social media marketing; eWOM; ROPO; fashion; luxury brands.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10046674
   
  
• Bridging credit risk using comprehensive credit analysis: evidence from Palestinian banking sector  
  by Lina Jardaneh, Zahran Daraghma 
  Abstract: This paper investigates the adoption of the credit analysis techniques that bridges credit risk and provides live evidence on the reality of the Palestinian banks. However, in order to achieve its aims, the study adopted the quantitative approach. It also achieved the required data by designing a questionnaire that targets respondents working at seven banks that work in the Palestinian territories in the West Bank. Out of (248) distributed questionnaire forms, we received (189) completed forms. The findings show that the Palestinian banks follow all the instruments of credit risk analysis and adhere to them to reduce credit risk. This step contributes in creating a strong credit Palestinian banking sector. One of the reasons for this is that Palestine Monetary Authority imposed strict rules and regulations, which the banks follow and adhere to. These results are considered to be positive and of great importance in providing the Palestinian banks with an opportunity to grant credit expansion; and to participate in financing investment development and long term infrastructure projects, as a substitute to financing consumer retail products and short terms loans.
  Keywords: credit risk; comprehensive credit analysis; Palestine monetary authority; PMA; Palestine exchange.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10046677
   
  
• A STUDY ON FACTORS AFFECTING ACADEMIC STRESS AMONGST STUDENTS OF HIGHER EDUCATION  
  by Priyanka Singh, Sanjay Bhushan, Anuja Shukla 
  Abstract: Stress is an important issue for students and society as a whole. Stress in academic institutions can lead to both positive and negative consequences. In the current paper, researchers identify the antecedents of students' academic stress. The findings of the study indicate that many additional factors influence students' stress such as study, teaching, social relations, financial and environmental (administrative and campus) of the students which impacts students life. Higher education institutions focus on students' involvement in co-curricular activities. They also have counselling facility for the students who are suffering from stress and also run stress management programmes for the students according to their needs and level of stress. Strategically managed stress helps to increase the positive outcome like productivity of students and performance over a period of time.
  Keywords: Stress; Value based education; Higher education; System Dynamics Modelling; Simulation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10046681
   
  
• The moderating role of market orientation with relation to e-marketing, marketing capability, learning capability, innovation capability and organizational performance  
  by Mujahed Altahrawi, Rula Jerisat, Taghreed Alazzam, Amal Tommalieh 
  Abstract: This study attempts to gain insight into what factor influence on customer engagement and organisational performance. The research model of this study comprises e-marketing and organisational capability factors to investigate customer engagement. Additionally, the moderating role of market orientation was studied between customer engagement and organisational performance. Data were analysed with latest statistical approach namely structural equation modelling (SEM). Results revealed substantial variance R2 53.2% in customer engagement and R2 55.1% variance in organisational performance. The effect size analysis (f2) indicates that customer engagement has large effect size in predicting organisational performance. The predictive relevance of the model was tested with Q2 indicated substantial power to predict market orientation and organisational performance. For managerial implications, this study is suggested that constructs like customer engagement, e-marketing, market orientation, learning capability and innovation capability are the most important constructs that managers should take into consideration in order to enhance the organisational performance.
  Keywords: innovation capability; INC; marketing capability; MCP; learning capability; LCA; market orientation; MOR; customer engagement; CEG.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10046742
   
  
• Investigating employee engagement practices using information technology during COVID-19 crisis: evidence from panel of industries  
  by K.S. Lavanya 
  Abstract: : Employees are an integral part of the organisation who contribute to organisational goals. The engagement of the employees has considerably evolved to motivate and enhance commitment towards the job. With the ongoing crisis, business activities took a halt causing considerable stress among the employees. In this study, a critical review is undertaken to identify and narrate various creative and innovative employee engagement practices followed among the panel of industries. Results of this study indicate that online platforms have paved the way to connect the organisation and its employees. Further, the introduction of virtual communities of practice is considered an important mechanism for facilitating effective knowledge sharing and collaboration among employees. Also, the study has discussed various engagement practices adopted by different organisations to engage its employees. These practices can be used to provide an overview and reference on some of the future development in the employee engagement practices.
  Keywords: employee engagement; human resources; industry; information technology; online platforms.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10046962
   
  
• new Study and analysis of the PFMEA approach for the aerospace manufacturing industries: evidence from aircraft manufacturers
  by Tarik Saikouk 
  Abstract: Aeronautics, space and defence industry is characterised by the usage of highly regulated and technically complex inputs. Most regulatory agencies and buyers of products or services in the industry, instruct firms to conduct business with partners that possess a supplier quality management system (SQMS). SQMS includes documented processes and procedures for managing ones suppliers. Keeping this in mind, the present work focus on demonstrating the implementation of a variant of failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) which is process FMEA in the aeronautics, space and defence industry. Using an action research methodology, we present and discuss the case of original brand manufacturer (OBM) that has implemented PFMEA to manage suppliers risks. As part of a quality early warning system (QEWS), the approach was implemented for the fairings sub commodity for a total of 11 work packages, five suppliers and one product program. Further, the present work serves as a reference mechanism for practitioners and academicians in aerospace manufacturing industries.
  Keywords: failure mode and effect analysis; FMEA; risk management; quality management; supplier management; PFMEA.
  
  
• The chaos on U.S. domestic airline passenger demand forecasting caused by COVID-19  
  by Nahid Jafari 
  Abstract: Commercial aviation is a major contributor to the US economy, directly or indirectly generating approximately US$680 billion, or 4% of GDP, and supporting millions of jobs. Approximately 965 million passengers flew to US destinations in 2017 (https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/37861). Given the importance of the industry, accurate forecasting of air passenger demand is valuable, and the most sophisticated forecasting technologies can be applied to this endeavour. The ongoing COVID-19 crisis has had an unprecedented impact on air traffic. Effective forecast of passenger demand would benefit airlines to develop adequate recovery plans and prevent (or minimise) any catastrophe in handling passengers during and post pandemic. The purpose of this study is to investigate COVID-19s impact on the US domestic air passengers demand, identify the most influential features on air passenger demand, and design more accurate forecast models. In addition, we address a computational challenge in developing forecasting models due to the volatility of the recent data as a result of the COVID-19 crisis. We use both traditional and artificial intelligence methods and discuss their capabilities to handle the challenge
  Keywords: air passenger demand; the US airlines market; seasonal time series forecasting; deep learning; gated recurrent units.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10046963
   
  
• Managing marketing mix competition dynamics  
  by Mehir Kumar Baidya 
  Abstract: Studies suggest that competition is inevitable as well as spoils brand performance. There are various forms of competition between brands. This study attempts to understand of marketing mix competition between brands in a mature product category. Three primary and 12 secondary hypotheses were framed. Panel data on sales and marketing mix variables were gathered from ten brands in a CPG category over a period 20132018 in India. Thereafter, multivariate autoregressive integrated moving average with predictors model (MARIMAXM) and double-log regression model (MRM) were fitted to data. All hypotheses such as asymmetries in cross effects are validated. The findings should assist managers in deciding whether to react or not react to competition using the tested evidence. This paper contributes to marketing practice and research because it produces insights into competitive structure and its evolution over time.
  Keywords: marketing mix; competition; economic; dynamics.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10046996
   
  
• Extrapolation of talent acquisition in AI aided professional environment  
  by Rajashree Karbhari Gethe 
  Abstract: AI works like a human brain and it helps in automating the recruitment system. In HR department, AI is used in recruitment which smartly enables recruiters and it helps to screen resume of candidates, to analyse speech pattern of candidate using natural language processing tool, conducting some skill tests in addition to video interview, conducting some advanced competency tests and neuroscience games in order to demonstrate candidates emotional and cognitive ability. AI is a human made software to make work easy and ongoing without any interruptions. AI replaces repetitive, time consuming work of sourcing and screening the candidates also improves candidates experience and companys productivity by lowering the cost of recruitment. Major objective of this paper is to study how artificial intelligence effects on recruitment and talent acquisition process. This study highlights some AI techniques that companies are using for recruitment. Study based on use of secondary sources of information
  Keywords: artificial intelligence; talent acquisition process; human resources.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10046997
   
  
• Organizational justice perception and job satisfaction of professors  
  by Ilse Maria Beuren, Vanderlei Santos 
  Abstract: The study analyses the effects of the organisational justice perception in the commitment and in the job satisfaction of professors. A survey was conducted with a sample of 317 university professors and the data analysis was performed through the structural equation modelling. The survey results indicate that the three dimensions of organisational justice influence the job satisfaction, being the procedural justice the biggest predictor, whereas the distributive justice had the lowest effect. The interactional justice was the biggest predictor of the affective commitment. The job satisfaction influences the affective and normative commitment and mediates the relationship of the distributive and procedural justice with the affective commitment, besides mediating the relationship of the procedural and interactional justice with the normative commitment.
  Keywords: organisational justice; organisational commitment; job satisfaction.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2023.10047109
   
  
• Investigating employee engagement practices using information technology during Covid-19 crisis: Evidence from panel of industries  
  by Lavanya K.S., Rajesh Kalli, DEEPAK MD, Swamy Perumandla, Shridev . 
  Abstract: Employees are an integral part of the organisation who contribute to organisational goals. The engagement of the employees has considerably evolved to motivate and enhance commitment towards the job. With the ongoing crisis, business activities took a halt causing considerable stress among the employees. In this study, a critical review is undertaken to identify and narrate various creative and innovative employee engagement practices followed among the panel of industries. Results of this study indicate that online platforms have paved the way to connect the organisation and its employees. Further, the introduction of virtual communities of practice is considered an important mechanism for facilitating effective knowledge sharing and collaboration among employees. Also, the study has discussed various engagement practices adopted by different organisations to engage its employees. These practices can be used to provide an overview and reference on some of the future development in the employee engagement practices.
  Keywords: employee engagement; human resources; industry; information technology; online platforms.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2023.10047132
   
  
• Impact of Green Supply Chain Management on extractive industries Performance of jordan  
  by Ayat Mohammad, Sulieman Al-hawary, Lina Al-Abbadi, Rawan Alshawabkeh, Ali Al- Quran 
  Abstract: The studys goal is to determine the influence of green supply chain practices on Jordans extractive industries performance. The current studys population consisted of senior executives from extractive firms, totalling (647) executives. The current studys data was gathered through a self-report survey distributed to senior executives at Jordanian extractive industries. Because this questionnaire was created using Google forms and disseminated to the study sample by email, environmental responsibility was taken into account. The study hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling (SEM).According to the findings, the green distribution had the greatest impact, followed by the green production. Green design came in third, followed by green suppliers, with green procurement having the least impact.
  Keywords: green supply chain management; GSCM; performance; extractive industries; Jordan; structural equation modelling; SEM.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2023.10047136
   
  
• Competitive Intensity, Market and Nonmarket Strategies, and Firm Performance: Evidence from Malaysia  
  by John A. Parnell, Ruzita Jusoh, Tarannum Azim Baigh 
  Abstract: This paper reports on findings from a survey of 129 managers in Malaysia. Cost leadership, differentiation, and political non-market strategy (NMS) were significant drivers of firm performance. Competitive intensity was positively associated with performance and negatively moderated the relationship between cost leadership and performance but did not moderate the relationship between differentiation and firm performance. Political NMS positively moderated the competitive intensity-firm performance link. In conjunction with the Twelfth Malaysia Plan (12MP) crafted to pursue high-income nation status by the year 2025, the results of this study can help Malaysian firms identify strategic tools to enhance global competitiveness. The findings also help Malaysian policymakers and regulators strengthen their mechanisms to fight corruption and mitigate Malaysian firms from engaging in political NMS.
  Keywords: non-market strategy; NMS; corporate political analysis; uncertainty; strategic competitive intensity; performance; Malaysia.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10047156
   
  
• Entrepreneurial Bricolage, New-Product Development and Entrepreneur’s Creativity  
  by Dina Khreis, Shafig Al-Haddad 
  Abstract: The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of entrepreneurial bricolage on new-product development and entrepreneur creativity and investigate if the entrepreneur’s creativity mediated the impact of entrepreneurial bricolage on new-product development. The methodology of this research relied on collecting data through a quantitative survey, the population of the study consists of Jordanian entrepreneurs who own micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and develop products. A convenient sample of 100 surveys and analysed the data using a Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The study findings showed that an entrepreneurs’ creativity mediated the impact of entrepreneurial bricolage on new-product development. Results have also showcased the impact of applying bricolage in entrepreneurial ventures on their ability to gain new-product development advantages, which includes the product’s creativity and development speed. This sheds light on the importance of changing managerial policies that do not support bricolage application if needed, to help entrepreneurs gain a competitive advantage in the market.
  Keywords: entrepreneurship; bricolage; new-product development; creativity; Jordan.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10047332
   
  
• Annual reports and company announcements utility for investment decisions: An Indian study  
  by Meena Bhatia 
  Abstract: This study explores the perceptions towards corporate annual reports and its sections, and other announcements used for investment decisions by Indian individual investors’; and to study differences in perceptions between user groups based on occupation. The data were collected through a questionnaire; descriptive statistics, and Kruskal?Wallis tests were used to analyse the results. Findings reveal that the three financial statements are most important, and performance highlights are the most understandable section in annual reports. Announcements on stock exchanges are most used other announcements, and users reported that it has new information. User groups differed significantly in their perceptions about the importance and understandability of various sections of annual reports, and other announcements used for investment decisions.
  Keywords: annual reports; emerging markets; investment decisions; occupation; investors; other announcements; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10047341
   
  
• Designing a coaching model for Isfahan's Mobarakeh Steel Company  
  by Parisa Kashani, Ali Shaemi Barzoki, Hadi Teimouri 
  Abstract: This study was conducted to explain the necessity of designing a coaching model in the workplace. Semi-structured interviews, purposeful sampling, and conventional data analysis were used in this qualitative study. The participants and informants included 22 experts and managers in Isfahan’s Mobarakeh Steel Company (MSC). The data were analysed in three stages, namely, open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, which resulted in the emergence of six core categories: 1) phenomenon; 2) causal conditions; 3) context; 4) intervening conditions; 5) strategies; 6) consequences. Standard training according to educational principles is one of the coaches’ requirements and an essential condition for coaching process efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary that a scientific and functional guide be used for coordinating and integrating the coaching process.
  Keywords: coaching; grounded-theory approach; model designing; workplace coaching.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10047345
   
  
• Enhancing usability of digital technologies in small medium enterprises with search engine optimization and flow theory  
  by Khaled ABOALGANAM, Hussain Awad 
  Abstract: The purpose of this research is to unfold how different digital marketing strategies impact usability of digital technology and firm performance. More specifically, current research investigates the influence of search engine optimisation, customer database, perceived utility, landing page and flow theory on usability of digital technology. Data were collected through a research survey, administered among 365 employees working in small and medium size enterprises. The empirical investigation reveals that altogether search engine optimisation, perceived flow theory, customer database, internet marketing, landing page and perceived utility explained substantial variance R2 78.8% in usability of digital technologies. The moderating effect of perceived efficiency is confirmed between usability of digital technology and firm performance. Findings of the structural equation modelling disclosed several contributions to theory and practice which in turn assist policy makers to understand factors which impact usability of digital technology in small medium size enterprises.
  Keywords: search engine optimisation; customer database; flow theory; perceived utility; usability of digital technology; structural equation modelling.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10047432
   
  
• Factors affecting SMEs entrepreneurship development: a study on northern region of Bangladesh  
  by Md. Motahar Hossain, Nitin Pathak 
  Abstract: SMEs are considered the arising area for the economic development of any country on the planet. This area is impacted significantly with less capital contrasted with different business areas. Bangladesh has an incredible opportunity to advance SMEs area like other non-industrial nations. This examination pointed toward investigating the factors influencing the performance of small and medium enterprises in the northern area of Bangladesh. The investigation approach is quantitative. Sixty SMEs, proprietors/managers, were interviewed from Bangladesh’s north area for the examination. The affecting factors examined in this study were socio-economic background (age, sex, education level and parental occupation of SMEs owners and managers); work experience, technical skills, business characteristics (source of initial capital); financial constraints; enterprise management and government support. The regression results uncovered that the significant variables influencing the development of SMEs demonstrated by income in the examination region.
  Keywords: small and medium enterprises; SMEs; gross domestic product; poverty reduction strategy paper; SMEs entrepreneurship development; SED; Bangladesh.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10047473
   
  
• Modelling the drivers of brand love for encapsulating purchase intention of customers in the stores of hypermarket brands  
  by Deependra Singh, Naval Bajpai 
  Abstract: The study aims to form a research framework for the relationship of various branding determinants with brand love. Besides, this report inspects the probable effect of brand love on customers’ purchasing intention in their loving hypermarket brand’s stores. For achieving the objectives, we collected a sample of 513 customers through a structured questionnaire. The sample size is analysed using structural equation modelling and logistic regression. The research model supports the proposed hypotheses and recommends that brand love is positively influenced by the branding determinants. Furthermore, this study also expresses the pivotal function of brand love for developing customers’ purchasing intention in the stores of hypermarket brands using a logit model. Thus, the current study adds to the concerned literature by outlining a framework for forming customer-brand love in the research setting of hypermarket brands, which is an under-researched context relatively for studying customers’ loving relationship with the brand.
  Keywords: brand love; customer-brand relationship; purchase intention; hypermarket brand stores; structural equation modelling; logistic regression analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10047572
   
  
• Guidelines to handle technology disruption for the adaptation of Thai financial institutions  
  by Chatchai Poungsuwan, Raknarin Sanrach, Thanin Silpcharu 
  Abstract: This study aimed to investigate guidelines to handle technology disruption for the adaptation of Thai financial institutions and to develop those guidelines into a structural equation model. Both qualitative and quantitative studies were conducted. Questionnaires were used to collect the quantitative data from 500 executives in Thai financial institutions. Descriptive, inference and multivariate statistics were used to analyse the data. The finding indicated that guidelines to handle technology disruption for the adaptation of Thai financial institutions consisted of the four latent variables arranged in the order of the obtained means of importance as follows: business development, competitiveness, resource management and workforce management, respectively. Unequivocally, the developed structure equation modelling analysis was confirmed under the empirical data and passed the SEM evaluation criteria.
  Keywords: structural equation modelling; SEM; adaptation; problem of technology disruption; Thai financial institutions; guidelines.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10047809
   
  
• Adoption of Insurance Products among Low-income Consumers (Subsistence Marketplaces)  
  by PREETI DEVI, Tejinder Sharma 
  Abstract: Insurance is of utmost importance for the people at subsistence marketplaces as they are more prone to financial and life-related risks than others. However, the rate of adoption of insurance products is very low as far as the subsistence marketplaces are concerned. Keeping this in view, the study investigates the major determinants contributing towards the adoption of insurance products at subsistence marketplaces. Initially, a qualitative survey has been conducted through a personal interview method followed by a primary research survey with 422 respondents (who are already insured or are willing to get insured) belonging to subsistence marketplaces in the Haryana state of India. The factors extracted from exploratory factor analysis are taken as input for applying the regression analysis and artificial neural networks techniques. The study concludes that customer relations, service quality and influence of reference groups are the major factors having a significant impact on the adoption of insurance products at subsistence marketplaces.
  Keywords: subsistence marketplaces; adoption; insurance products; customer relations; service quality; influence of reference groups; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10047813
   
  
• Identifying the Predictors of Business Excellence: An empirical evidence from Dubai Public Entities  
  by Ali Alnyeadi, Meor Azli Ayub, Mohd. Faiz Hilmi, Anas Abudaqa, Gouher Ahmed 
  Abstract: Organisational culture is inclusive of the norms of members within an organisation. These are experienced by the individuals working within an organisation, which describes the environment at an organisation. The organisational culture norms regulate the behaviours of employees working within an organisation and influence how the objectives are accomplished in organisational culture that results in business performance. The current study examines the relationship between organisational culture and business excellence. The main results of the SPSS and PLS-SEM analysis from 338 valid samples demonstrate that empowerment, human resources orientation, improvement orientation, and interdepartmental coordination significantly influence business excellence. In contrast, the external orientation and business excellence relationship did not find any statistical support. Thus, the study benefits managers of organisations to refine cultural orientation to boost business excellence and derive prolific benefits.
  Keywords: Business Excellence; Empowerment; Improvement Orientation; External Orientation; Business Results.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10047814
   
  
• Impact of CSR spending on Corporate Financial Performance -An Empirical Evidence from the Indian Manufacturing Sector  
  by Sreepriya J, Suprabha K. R 
  Abstract: The article’s prime objective is to explore the influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) spending on the corporate financial performance (CFP) of Indian manufacturing firms. The study examines a sample of 233 manufacturing firms listed on the Nifty 500 index over six years from 2014 to 2019. The author has used the generalised method of moments (GMM) to study the impact of CSR spending on corporate financial performance. Additionally, the pooled ordinary least square (POLS) and random effect model (REM) were employed to confirm the validity and robustness of the model. The findings add to the existing discussion by revealing a mixed but significant association between CSR spending and CFP. CSR investment has a short-term negative impact on profitability. However, positive influence in the long run. Furthermore, both long and short-term CSR spending positively affects firm value. The study’s outcome delivers insights for managers, policymakers, and academicians.
  Keywords: CSR spending; corporate financial performance; generalised method of moments; GMM; Indian manufacturing sector.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10047857
   
  
• Emotional Intelligence and Employee Innovativeness: Mediating Role of Employee Psychological Well-being  
  by Devulapalli Kiran Kumar, Rama Krishna Gupta Potnuru 
  Abstract: The study aims to address the uniqueness of a model of mediation in which a test is conducted to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and employee innovation (EInn) in the presence of employee psychological well-being (EPWB). Two hundred and ninety-six workers were contacted, and replies were recorded through email, with the respondents’ and researcher’s conveniences in mind to maximise resources such as time, effort, and money. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to evaluate the model. The connections between emotional intelligence and employee innovation were shown to be important in the presence of employee psychological well-being. Based on the dynamic link between emotional intelligence and employee innovation, it is feasible to claim that psychological well-being would predict employee innovation. At the same time, it has the potential to boost employee innovation.
  Keywords: emotional intelligence; EI; employee psychological well-being; EPWB; employee innovation; EInn; mediation model; business excellence.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10048181
   
  
• Revisiting Work-Family Conflict and Affective Commitment among Health Care Professionals: Mediating Role of Psychological Safety  
  by S. Mufeed Ahmad, Juman Iqbal, Shameem Shagirbasha 
  Abstract: Work-family conflict has grown in importance as a study subject in organisational behaviour. The phenomenon of work-family conflict of doctors is particularly imperative as healthcare providers are exposed to high job demands. Against this backdrop, the purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the mediating role of psychological safety between work-family conflict and affective commitment among doctors in North India. Data was collected from 357 respondents and was tested by structural equation model using SPSS AMOS 21. The results indicate that work-family conflict has significant negative impact on affective commitment and psychological safety while psychological safety mediates (partially) the relationship between work-family conflict and affective commitment. The work-family conflict and affective commitment association has been largely investigated, and is firmly established in the literature, however there is an absolute dearth of studies which has studied this association with psychological safety as a mediator, especially in healthcare sector.
  Keywords: work-family conflict; WFC; affective commitment; psychological safety; doctors; hospitals; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10048298
   
  
• An analysis of Psychological well-being  
  by Richa Banerjee, Subeer Banerjee 
  Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic period since December 2019 has a huge psychological impact. Everyone is facing mental health issues and problems. The increasing anxiety, uncertainty has raised concern. The objective of the study is to explore the interaction of happiness, self-esteem and psychological well-being of educators. Educators are on an entirely different front during this period. The studies have been done to allying self-esteem and happiness, in the investigation we attempted to investigate the two factors self-esteem and happiness corresponding to the psychological well-being of educators. Present study considered self-esteem and happiness which are predicting psychological well-being. Participants in the study were 113 female and 127 male academicians. The three variables were checked against relationships between the variables with the help of SEM. Structural equation modelling was done with the help of Amos18. The results indicated that happiness, self-esteem affects psychological well-being. Simultaneously self-esteem is not influencing the happiness of academicians.
  Keywords: psychological well-being; PWB; happiness; self-esteem.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10048305
   
  
• Grit Won’t Quit: How Hiring for Grit May Help Predict Employee Turnover  
  by Nikolaus Butz, Reed Stratton, Abigail Schmidt, Emily E. Gruber 
  Abstract: Employee turnover has the potential to cause considerable financial liability for any organisation, regardless of size or locality. Therefore, assessing job candidates with hiring criteria that will identify applicants least likely to quit is essential. One overlooked hiring criterion is grit, passion plus perseverance toward long-term goals (Duckworth et al., 2007). While grit has long been studied in psychology and education for predicting success, research connecting it to turnover is limited, especially in business. This longitudinal study explored grit’s potential relationship to turnover. Online survey data were collected at two time points from 53 employers in the Midwest USA. Results indicated that, when hiring, companies valuing grit effort, the perseverance portion of passion plus perseverance, at time 1 saw lower turnover at time 2. Even while controlling for other skills commonly associated with job performance, companies hiring for grit effort tended to see lower turnover. Recommendations for grit-focused hiring are provided.
  Keywords: grit; turnover; hiring; applicant screening; human resource management; retention; passion; perseverance; interest; effort.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10048385
   
  
• ADDRESSING CHALLENGES FACED BY WOMEN IN THE INDIAN AIRLINE INDUSTRY  
  by Priya Singh, Teena Saharan, Dharam Pal Singh 
  Abstract: Women employees face problems related to performance standards and expectations at various levels. Managerial bias impacts the growth of women in the workplace resulting in very few women in the leadership cadre. This study presents an overview of workplace issues faced by women in the Indian Aviation Industry. In this study, in-depth interviews were conducted at Delhi Airport with the employees of three private Indian airlines. The paper has tried to explain the overall perspective of women employees, their line managers, and the HR personnel pertaining to women-related workplace issues. This study plays a significant role in providing an insight into various workplace issues like the dearth of women leadership, gender discrimination, fewer career growth opportunities, gender-marked work patterns, work-life imbalance, and psychological and sexual harassment in the Indian Airline Industry. This study might be helpful in bringing significant changes in the airline industry to curtail present issues and challenges.
  Keywords: Indian airline industry; women employees; workplace issues; discrimination; harassment.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2021.10048931
   
  
• The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Business Performance: A Proposed Conceptual Framework  
  by Simonov Kusi-Sarpong, Sharfuddin Ahmed Khan 
  Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) enable organisations to enhance performance through the implementation of various applications in the organisational structure. But unfortunately, the hidden factors of AI become the hurdle for organisations which abandon the organisations to implement it. Therefore, this paper attempts to find the business performance by analysing such factors which are essential while implementing the AI applications or systems. A hybrid methodology based on interpretive structural modelling (ISM) and analytical network process (ANP) is used to identify inter-relationships among AI factors. A result shows that deep learning, neural networks and employee motivation are the factors with highest weightage and ranking. This study presents a new look to the firms, especially in Pakistan in order to enhance the performance. Eventually, this paper offers a useful map and perspectives into additional investigation in a Pakistani context in particular for AI.
  Keywords: artificial intelligence; business excellence; business performance; machine learning; deep learning; neural network; leadership; organisational change.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10049018
   
  
• Investigating the Influences of Range of Products and Promotional Offers in the Retail Store on Shoppers’ Satisfaction- Towards Excellence in In-store Retail  
  by Parag Shukla, Parimal Vyas 
  Abstract: This research paper is aimed at measuring shoppers’ satisfaction based on the influences of range of products offered and the promotional schemes floated to shoppers selected from the cities viz., Vadodara, Surat, Ahmedabad and Rajkot. The primary data were collected from 1,500 shoppers using the mall intercept interview technique and convenience sampling method. The range of the products available in the retail store as well as promotional elements of the retail store would play a crucial role in the brick-and-mortar store not only to draw shoppers to the store but also to distinctively portray an image in the current disruptive retail environment with the onslaught of COVID-19 pandemic. The present study unveils the shoppers’ predispositions regarding the range of the products in the retail store and the promotional campaigns of the retailers and its resultant impact on shoppers’ choice of a retail outlet especially in the
  Keywords: shoppers’ satisfaction; range of products; promotional offers.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10049307
   
  
• A Parsimonious Measure of the Interpersonal Orientation of Salespeople  
  by Subhra Chakrabarty, Robert E. Widing 
  Abstract: Salespeople in the Pharmaceutical Industry were surveyed to assess the degree to which they were high/low on interpersonal orientation (IO). Swap and Rubin’s (1983) 29-item IO scale was used. Unfortunately, to date, no one has analyzed the reliability and validity of the 29-item IO scale. This study corrects this deficiency and the results of a psychometric analysis revealed that a reduced version of the scale is reliable and valid. In using the scale, we were able to confirm that as salespeople’s IO scores increased, they were more engaged in adaptive selling, which supports the scale’s nomological validity. The reduced IO scale has a practical effect of having one-third fewer items, which should help reduce respondent fatigue and survey abandonment. We recommend that for future research, the reduced scale presented here be considered by researchers.
  Keywords: Interpersonal Orientation; Salespeople; Reliability; Validity.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10049375
   
  
• DETERMINANTS OF COMMERCIAL BANKS' PROFITABILITY IN MALAYSIA  
  by Joan Lee Jing Yee, Suganthi Ramasamy 
  Abstract: Commercial bank is an important financial institution as it is the major sources of money in Malaysia banking industry. Thus, the profitability of commercial banks is an issue to be further studied. The aim of this research is to identify the determinants of commercial banks’ profitability in Malaysia. The source of data gathered is secondary data for the period between 2010 to 2019. From the finding, bank size, liquidity risk and cost efficiency are significant towards bank profitability whereas capital adequacy and non-performing loans are insignificant are insignificant towards bank profitability. Next, the factor that has positive relationship with bank profitability is capital adequacy. On the other hand, bank size, liquidity risk, non-performing loans and cost efficiency show negative relationship with bank profitability. The result also concludes that the cost efficiency is the most influencing factor towards the bank profitability in Malaysia among all the factors studied in this research.
  Keywords: profitability; commercial banks; bank size; Malaysia.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10049395
   
  
• Women participation in tech workforce: Unveiling of challenges through systematic review and bibliometric inquiry  
  by JiaYing Li  
  Abstract: Business excellence cannot be reached without the widespread participation of women in the tech workforce. Since women’s representation in the tech workforce has been on a low trajectory, the current systematic review with bibliometric inquiry aims to find the challenges for women in the technology workforce. Using the PRISMA flowchart, a total of 132 academic research papers from the mainstream research archives were inspected to classify the appropriate 12 publications. For each of the 12 publications, bibliometric data were compiled. The word co-occurrence network maps were created using VOSviewer, and significant terms were selected afterward. By critically reviewing the appropriate papers, associated issues were revealed. Using the cross-mapping technique, broad groups of challenges as themes, such as healthcare facility, gender inequity, and technological leadership were recognised. According to the findings of the study, challenges for women in the technology workforce include healthcare facility, gender inequity, and technological leadership.
  Keywords: women in technology; qualitative; systematic review; bibliometric; PRISMA; VOSviewer.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10049486
   
  
• Does Generational Cohorts Effect Student’s Self Efficacy? The Moderating Role of Social Support  
  by Sonali Narbariya, Musarrat Shaheen, Ashish Arya 
  Abstract: In light of the growing importance of the academic performance of students in the educational sector, this paper aimed to investigate the impact of student’s perceived social support and their generational cohort on individual self-efficacy. Statistical techniques such as correlation and multivariate regression analysis (with dummy) using SPSS and syntax were applied to analyse responses of 314 management students, considering their generational cohorts as categorical variables, Gen Z students and Gen Y. The results of data analysis indicate that both perceived social support and generation of the student, significantly influence their self-efficacy. The significant differential impact of the generational cohort was moderated by the students’ perceived social support. Finally, this study provides vital insights into the composition of self-efficacy skills for two different generations and implications for future pedagogical practices are discussed.
  Keywords: self-efficacy; perceived social support; generation Y; generation Z.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10049518
   
  
• Lean Management and Competitive Advantage: A Systematic Literature Review  
  by Abdel-Aziz Sharabati, Shafig Al-Haddad, Azzam Aboumoghli 
  Abstract: This article aims to study the relationship between the lean concept and competitive advantage in different industries and countries. The article uses a qualitative research method, the systematic literature review of previous related studies with keywords lean and competitive and lean and competitiveness. The search was based on screening research papers through the Internet specially Google scholar, then the most reputable journals. The data were collected, analysed, and summarised to come up with a suitable synthesis, followed by conclusions and recommendations. The result shows that lean management can be used in all industries and in all countries whatever they do and wherever they perform their activities. Moreover, it shows that lean management positively affects all competitive advantage dimensions except innovation, where there is a debate about the relationship between Lean and innovation, some authors said there is a trade-off between Lean and innovation.
  Keywords: lean practices; competitive advantage; systematic literature review.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10049799
   
  
• DOES BOARD SIZE MATTER FOR CSR PERFORMANCE A GMM- BASED DYNAMIC PANEL DATA APPROACH  
  by SUCHISMITA GHOSH, Ritu Pareek, Tarak Nath Sahu 
  Abstract: The growing numbers of corporate and environmental scandals in the previous few decades have brought about the emergence of rules and regulations regarding CSR practices in the corporate world. Amidst the rising trend of socially responsible practices, the study attempts to explore in-depth consequence of board size on CSR performance of Indian organisations from the year 2010 to 2020. The study utilises both static and Arellano-Bond estimator panel data approach and divulges that there subsist a nonlinear connection amongst board size and CSR, with threshold level of board size at 11 members, beyond which the CSR enforcement of corporation starts decreasing because upsurge the numbers of board associates can persuade the management to boost socially responsible work up to certain level, surpassing the negativities of increase in firm’s board size outweighs the benefit gained, in regards to its CSR performance.
  Keywords: board size; corporate social responsibility; GMM-based panel data analysis; inverted-U shaped relationship.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10049821
   
  
• The Impact of the Excellence Awards in Creating and Sustaining a Culture of Excellence from the Assessors’ Perspectives  
  by Khleef Alkhawaldeh, Ross Chapman 
  Abstract: This research examined the impact of the excellence awards in creating and sustaining a culture of excellence from the point of view of excellence assessors. It also investigated the relationship between the impact of excellence awards on the examined pillars of excellence (future shaping and agility, alignment and integration, and sustainable performance) and the impact of excellence awards on creating and sustaining a culture of excellence. The results showed that the impacts of excellence awards on future shaping and agility, and alignment and integration are slightly below the moderate level but statistically different from it, while the impacts of excellence awards on sustainable performance, and creating and sustaining a culture of excellence are not statistically different from the moderate level. The results also indicated that there are statistically significant relationships between the impacts of excellence awards on these excellence pillars and impact of excellence awards on creating and sustaining a culture of excellence.
  Keywords: excellence; excellence awards; excellence culture; future shaping; agility; alignment; sustainable performance; excellence assessors; Middle East.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10049857
   
  
• A Retrospective Overview of Organic Products in the Personal Care Category: Science Mapping, Themes, and Future Research Scope through Bibliometric Analysis  
  by Surbhi Sharma, Bijay Kushwaha 
  Abstract: The present study attempts to scrutinise the progression of research conducted on organic products in the personal care category using bibliometric analysis. A bibliometric analysis is conducted on biographies of articles published in the area of organic products in the personal care category using the VOSviewer application and Scopus analysis. A total of 475 publications were obtained from the Scopus database that was published between 2002 and 2021 to investigate research trends in this area. Total citations, most cited articles, writers and journals, notable institutes, and country contributions were all investigated. This study gives insight of top ten leading journals of organic product in personal care categories along with list of top ten most influential articles with their years of publication and total citations. Additionally, the USA and the UK are two top countries with highest citations and documents in the field of organic products in last 20 years. Moreover, the top 10 most widely published journals in the specialised field, as measured by SNIP, SJR, and cite scores, are identified and thoroughly examined in this study.
  Keywords: organic products; personal care products; bibliometrics analysis; VOSviewer.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10049926
   
  
• Can Employee Relations be Attained Through Positive Self-disclosure and Happiness The Mediating Role of Emotional Stability  
  by Nagendra Singh Nehra, Vimal Pant, Jitender Kumar, Bregham Dalgliesh 
  Abstract: This paper conceptualises the capitalisation theory, which can support as a major theoretical framework to investigate the mediating role of emotional stability between positive self-disclosure and happiness in understudied non-Western cultures like India. The survey was conducted through paper-pencil survey and distributed 472 questionnaires via a convenience sampling method and a cross-sectional survey-based research design. In the final analysis, only 398 responses were considered for analysis using multiple hierarchy regression analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and bootstrapping test. Results indicate that emotional stability partially mediates the relationship between positive self-disclosure and happiness via applicability of capitalisation theory in the Indian context. The findings of this study enrich the literature on said relation from capitalisation theory perspective that has not been examined before and serve as a potential policy guideline in Indian organisations.
  Keywords: positive self-disclosure; emotional stability; happiness; Indian context.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10049927
   
  
• ASSESSING THE EFFICACY OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON EMPLOYEE EMPOWERMENT IN AUTOMOTIVE COMPANIES: A Study in SIIDCUL, Haridwar, Uttarakhand  
  by Sweta Gaur, Neha Yajurvedi 
  Abstract: The main purpose of this research study is to assess the efficacy of total quality management (TQM) practices on employee empowerment in automotive companies in SIIDCUL, Haridwar Uttarakhand. The research design includes the PLS-SEM method. Data is gathered through sample of 180 employees working in the automotive companies. The data was analysed through PLS-SEM method to arrive at the results. The finding of the study demonstrates the relationship of TQM practices on employee empowerment. The research study demonstrated that there is a significant impact of the implementation of TQM practices on employee empowerment. The study contributed to in establishing a positive relationship between the defined TQM elements with employee empowerment, which supports the organisation to achieve its business objectives through motivated and engaged employees. The study makes a significant contribution to the literature on the subject. The findings are expected to be helpful to TQM practitioners in various sectors.
  Keywords: total quality management; TQM; employee empowerment; top management commitment; training; reward; teamwork; efficacy.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10049975
   
  
• Digital Manufacturing Readiness Assessment using fuzzy logic: A case study in a SME  
  by Phanendra N, S. Vinodh 
  Abstract: Digital manufacturing can help small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to deal with aggressive competition, volatile market, and ever-changing demand for new products. But SMEs face different challenges while adaptation of new technologies due to their limited resources. Hence, SMEs are to be analysed in the perspective of readiness towards digital transformation. Readiness models help to visualise the current state of the enterprise and can help to guide their resources. In the current study, digital readiness of an SME is computed using fuzzy logic approach. The dimensions are selected using systematic literature review method and data is collected with the help of questionnaire circulated among experts in the selected SME. Readiness index has been computed and weaker areas are identified. Fuzzy Digital Readiness Index is calculated as (4.54, 6.10, 7.68). Weaker areas are identified and appropriate improvement actions are suggested.
  Keywords: digital manufacturing; Industry 4.0; readiness assessment model; fuzzy logic; small and medium enterprises; SME.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10050007
   
  
• PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE OF CASHLESS PAYMENT RESEARCH IN TRANSFORMING CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS  
  by Rahul Meena, Varun Chotia, Samar Sarabhai 
  Abstract: Conceptual knowledge of cashless payment methods and consumer behaviour affects its origin and its network. This paper aims to analyse past and present research conducted in consumer behaviour on shopping and buying preferences having an impact due to available payment methods. Through bibliometric study, this paper tries to understand and discover trends relating to research in consumer behaviour considering payment methods as a significant factor. The data collected for the study goes back to 43 years, i.e., from 1978 to 2021. The existing articles in this area belong to high-impact journals, arousing interest among researchers which in turn should have increased the number of articles as well, but ironically we could not confirm this through our analysis. A lack of research in willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to buy (WTB) with an emphasis on payment methods was identified upon investigation.
  Keywords: consumer behaviour; cashless payment methods; bibliometric; willingness to pay; WTP; willingness to buy; WTB.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10050045
   
  
• Strategies to enhance the performance of MSMEs: A developing nation perspective  
  by SUBHODEEP MUKHERJEE, Manish Mohan Baral, Ramji Nagariya, Venkataiah Chittipaka 
  Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to develop strategies for reviving Indian MSME in the face of the current pandemic of COVID-19. An exhaustive literature review is being undertaken to identify various strategies to mitigate MSMEs’ performance in developing nations. Resource-based theory (RBT) and dynamic capability view (DCV) are used in this research. Major factors identified are digitalisation, inventories and reserve capacity, business continuity plans, decision-making proximity, building resilient transportation and logistics facilities, and delivery reliability. A total of 303 responses were received, and six hypotheses were formulated. Structural equation modelling (SEM) has been used for the analysis of the collected data. From the statistical analysis, it can be concluded that the identified latent variables contribute towards the model fit. The model empirically validated that the identified factors significantly contribute towards MSMEs performance. The findings of the study will be productive for MSMEs for improving their performance.
  Keywords: COVID-19; resource-based theory; RBT; dynamic capability view; DCV; digitalisation; MSMEs; resilient; performance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10050076
   
  
• Dynamic capabilities for socio-economical sustainability management: evidence from international clothing firms in Ethiopia industrial zones  
  by Fitsum Bayu, Eshetie Berhan, Frank Ebinger 
  Abstract: This paper introduces the strategic micro-foundational construct of dynamic capabilities and explores their causal relationship with socio-economical sustainability variables by considering relational capabilities and focusing on the external environment as a mediating factor. The study used a case study approach targeting export-oriented international clothing firms investing in the industrial zones of Ethiopia. Primary data were gathered for the measurement variables and presented with descriptive and multivariate statistics. Moreover, a system dynamics model was applied to model the dynamic relationship and understand the dynamic capability growth for socio-economical sustainability. The findings show that the firm’s accumulated operational capabilities have not significantly influenced socio-economical sustainability. However, a firm’s dynamic capabilities to sense, seize, and reconfigure sustainability requirements from the external environment through relational capabilities were more influential. In this regard, it was understood that the firms have a good opportunity to adopt a dynamic capability-driven strategic management approach for sustainable development.
  Keywords: dynamic capabilities; social sustainability; economic sustainability; Ethiopia industrial zones; international clothing firms; Ethiopia.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10050078
   
  
• A mixed method approach to understand Service Quality-satisfaction-loyalty linkage for video-on-demand service  
  by Satyaki Datta, Tathagata Ghosh 
  Abstract: According to extant literature, if something cannot be measured properly, it cannot be managed either. The merit of service of a business is measured by the construct service quality, which has been operationalised uniquely through different attributes and corresponding psychometric instrument across different service industry. In the absence of any such attribute and instrument, the service quality of the novel video-on-demand service through OTT media is difficult to understand and measure. Further for sustained growth and increased profitability of the video-on-demand service business, it would be prudent to understand in what manner, the various dimensions of service quality can satisfy the users and further impart loyalty in them, in the present context. To answer these research gaps, the current study was conducted to explore dimensions of service quality and investigate the corresponding relationship with satisfaction and loyalty for video-on-demand service.
  Keywords: video-on-demand; V-o-D; over-the-top; OTT; service quality; mixed method; Process Macro.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10050080
   
  
• The Influence of Society on the Behavioral Intention to Use a Technology: Evidence from the Battery Electric Vehicles Domain  
  by Alessandro Lampo, Susana C. Silva, Paulo Duarte 
  Abstract: Despite several benefits, the market penetration of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) is below expectation. In light of studies suggesting the significant role of society in enhancing the uptake of technology-driven products, it is important to better understand how social factors affect consumers’ intention to use technologies. Data gathered from 120 self-administered surveys were analysed using structural equation modelling (SmartPLS) to examine the effect of subjective norms (SN) and image (IM) on adoption intentions for BEVs. The result showed that social factors played important roles in the decision to adopt the technology. Image, in particular, was a significant behavioural drive for current BEV owners. Social norm and image factors should be considered in research frameworks and communication strategies, especially in contexts where the choices that individuals make are public and subject to the judgement of the members of society. The study’s limitations and future research directions are also discussed.
  Keywords: subjective norm; image; social influence; battery electric vehicles; BEVs; structural equation modelling; SmartPLS.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10051975
   
  
• Cultural Conditionality of Board Gender Diversity and Firm Performance: Evidence from Pakistan  
  by Aisha Yusuf Mesiya, Nawaz Ahmad, Helena Nobre, Abdur Rahman Aleemi 
  Abstract: Despite having almost 50% share of the total population, women have not gained equivalent representation in the senior-level workforce in Pakistan. This study attempts to look at the impact of female inclusion in the corporate boards on the performance of firms through accounting and marketing-based measurements while shedding light on the moderating effect of national culture on this relationship. The sample comprises data from 50 firms in Pakistan. A dynamic model of the generalised method of moments (two-step system) supported the data analysis. Findings indicate that firm performance is positively affected by board gender diversity. The power distance dimension of national culture interacting with the female director ratio seems to affect firm performance positively. However, this dimension, in combination with the critical mass (three women directors) variable, negatively affects performance. The other dimension of culture, masculinity
  Keywords: corporate governance; female directors; critical mass theory; firm performance; board gender diversity; national culture; Pakistan.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10050083
   
  
• Flexibility-oriented Human Resource Management System and Employee Ambidexterity: A Moderating Role of Psychological Capital  
  by Sirikul Cheewakoset, Patchara Popaitoon, Pasu Decharin 
  Abstract: This study examines the context needed for the development of individual ambidexterity by exploring relationships between the flexibility-oriented human resource management (FHRM) system and two distinct but related employee ambidextrous behaviours, namely exploitation and exploration. We further investigated the moderating role of psychological capital (PsyCap) in these relationships. With its sample of 419 employees in large banking organisations in Thailand, the study revealed that coordination FHRM and resource FHRM
  Keywords: lexibility-oriented HRM; exploitation; exploration; individual-level ambidexterity; psychological capital; PsyCap; bank; Thailand.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10050300
   
  
• Digitalisation for Subsidiary Knowledge Creation: The Mediating Effect of Organisational Agility  
  by Joonghak Lee 
  Abstract: Digitalisation has been identified as one of the major trends driving business change around the world. Digitalisation influences how multinational corporations (MNCs) work, communicate, and collaborate. Scholars and professionals are interested in knowledge creation in subsidiaries because it provides a competitive advantage for MNCs. However, little research has been conducted to investigate the mechanisms underlying the relationship between digitalisation and subsidiary knowledge creation. This study investigates the relationship between digitalisation and knowledge creation by focusing on the mediating effect of organisational agility in 89 MNCs from 25 countries, as viewed by headquarters (HQs) and subsidiary managers. As a result, this paper can contribute to academia and practice by revealing the impact of digitalisation on knowledge creation, particularly in the relationship between HQs and subsidiaries. Furthermore, this company’s confirmation suggests that organisational agility is an important factor for multinationals during a pandemic.
  Keywords: igitalisation; knowledge creation; organisational agility; sustainable organisation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10050350
   
  
• The Impact of the organizational factors on the intention to adopt cloud-based accounting information system among Jordanian financial SMEs  
  by Qasim Alawaqleh, Jaffar Alsawalhah, Nashat Almasria, Rana Airout, Mohammad Amireh 
  Abstract: This study aims to investigate the impact of organisational factors such as organisational culture, organisational support, and organisational structure on the intention to adopt cloud accounting information systems. Based on previous research, this study proposed a conceptual model. The data was gathered from Jordanian financial SMEs. Just 213 of the 263 questionnaires provided of the selected SMEs were included in the study. The PLS-SEM tool was used to analyse the empirical evidence. The results revealed that organisational culture, support, and structure all had a substantial effect on the intention to adopt cloud accounting information systems. Managers, analysts, and decision-makers will benefit from the findings, which will help them appreciate the value of implementing a cloud accounting information system.
  Keywords: cloud computing; accounting information system; organisational culture; organisational support; organisational structure; financial SMEs.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10050439
   
  
• Board diversity in family firms: Female and foreign directors’ effects on financial efficiency  
  by Ana Gonzalez L., Yeny E. Rodriguez Ramos, Miguel Ángel Pérez-Uribe, Julian Benavides Franco 
  Abstract: Based on resource dependence theory, this study focuses on the effects of board of directors’ diversity on gender and nationality on financial performance and the effect of CEO duality on the diversity in board-financial performance, in privately held family firms. A diversity index, in both gender and nationality is built to measure its relationship with family firms’ financial efficiency, using data envelopment analysis (DEA). We find that diversity is a resource that increases the efficiency effects of decisions, especially in the case of diversity in nationality. The study results also reflect that CEO duality in family firms does not help financial efficiency, meaning that the positive effects of board diversity are overturned by a CEO in control of both management and governance.
  Keywords: diversity; foreign directors; gender; data envelopment analysis; DEA; governance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10050448
   
  
• The nexus between knowledge management practices and firm innovation  
  by Packiyanathan Mathushan, Navaneethakrishnan Kengatharan 
  Abstract: While firms operate in an extremely hyper-competitive environment, innovation becomes the invader of the competitive game. Over the past two decades, knowledge management practices have gained considerable attention among researchers and practitioners as a salient enabler of firm innovation. Notably, the extant literature on knowledge management practices and firm innovation is sparse and evidences contradicting findings. Therefore, the study was designed to examine the effect of knowledge management practices on firm innovation. Data were garnered using a self-reported questionnaire from 118 managers and owners of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Sri Lanka. The model’s validity and hypotheses were tested using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The study found that knowledge acquisition, knowledge application, and knowledge sharing have a significant positive effect on SMEs innovation. The findings shed new light on the importance of knowledge management practices and its interventions on firm innovation in SMEs from the perspective of a developing country.
  Keywords: knowledge management practices; knowledge acquisition; knowledge application; knowledge sharing; firm innovation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10050490
   
  
• The Role of Absorptive Capacity on the Dispositions and Thriving  
  by Mahreen Amjad, GHULAM ABID, Natasha Saman Elahi, Bindu Arya 
  Abstract: Employees play an essential role in absorbing knowledge from external sources and combining that with existing knowledge to contribute to organisational competitive advantage. This study seeks to identify critical antecedents of individual-level absorptive capacity and its mediating influence on personality traits and employee thriving relationships. Specifically, we draw on self-determination theory to investigate the impact of two personality traits (i.e., proactive personality and prosocial motivation) on employees thriving via the intervening mechanism of absorptive capacity. A time-lagged study design was used for collecting data from bank employees using the multistage sampling technique. Our results indicate that proactive and prosocially motivated employees experience thriving through the mediation mechanism of absorptive capacity. Our research offers theoretical and practical implications along with directions for future research.
  Keywords: absorptive capacity; prosocial motivation; proactive personality; self-determination theory; thriving at work.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10050491
   
  
• Determinants of Sustainable Competitive Advantage: Evidence from Sudan  
  by Nahla Hagoug, Yousif Omar, Yudi Fernando 
  Abstract: The paper examines the strategic capabilities’ roles in attaining sustainable competitive advantage in Sudanese private universities. Specifically, this paper investigates the role of technological and financial resources in achieving sustainable competitive advantage among Sudanese private universities. The study used an explanatory, quantitative research design. Furthermore, the population was Sudanese private universities targeting top and middle managers. The research divulged that the association of strategic capabilities dimensions, namely financial and technological resources and sustainable competitive advantage, is significant and positive. As such, this research concludes that strategic capabilities create the bedrock for reaching sustainable competitive advantage. The study recommends that board members and senior managers of non-public universities must increase their universities’ resources and strategic capabilities to attain sustainable competitive advantage. The study is considered among the premier that scrutinises the association between strategic capabilities and sustainable competitive advantage in the Sudanese context.
  Keywords: strategic capabilities; technological resources; financial resources; sustainable competitive advantage; organisational excellence; organisational effectiveness.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10050528
   
  
• Rediscovering life through minimalism: a qualitative perspective of millennials using MCDM approach  
  by Vijay Kumar Jain, Anu Gupta, Hemraj Verma 
  Abstract: Consumption is now a major contributor to environmental degradation and consumer activity. It is responsible for up to 60% of greenhouse gas emissions. The excessive consumerism has put question mark on sustainability, therefore, a new consumption lifestyle is mandated. Minimalism is a prominent low-consumption lifestyle in which people intentionally live with fewer belongings. Its proponents believe that the lifestyle provides a slew of well-being benefits, including happiness, life satisfaction, meaning, and improved personal relationships. The current study aims to identify and prioritise the enablers of minimalism. The interpretive structural modelling (ISM) approach has been used to prioritise the enablers of minimalism. Total 16 enablers were finalised based on literature and experts’ consultation. The analysis revealed that sustainability orientation, innovation and reducing inessentials are the most important enablers for minimalism. The findings of study have implications for the environment and society. The findings will aid policymakers and marketers to encourage minimalist lifestyle among millennials. Further, the adoption of minimalism will lead to saving of valuable resources, improvement in environment and wellbeing of millennials.
  Keywords: minimalism; sustainability orientation; modern aesthetic; normative influence; wellbeing; interpretive structural modelling; ISM.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10050807
   
  
• The roles of parasocial relationship, length of an episode and cliffhanger in binge watching behaviour  
  by Lidwin Kenneth Michael, Sumukh Hungund, Asish Oommen Mathew, Shubham Das 
  Abstract: Video-on-demand has become a popular platform for viewers to binge-watch anything at any point in time. The advancement of high-speed and affordable broadband internet has led to the increased subscription of Netflix, Amazon Prime, Hotstar, and other platforms in the Indian market. These platforms increase the desire to binge-watch. The purpose of the study is to identify the factors that will influence binge-watching in the context of India, an emerging economy. This research’s viewing behaviour factors are parasocial relationship, Length of an episode, cliffhanger, and social media hype. A theoretical framework is built based on the theory of planned behaviour to explore the individual’s binge-watching behaviour. A questionnaire survey was conducted among the younger population, collecting 273 responses from various regions of India. The data were analysed using the partial least square
  Keywords: binge-watching; attitude; cliffhanger; theory of planned behaviour; TPB; Indian consumers; emerging economy.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10050861
   
  
• National quality infrastructure: Resources, Services, and collaboration-oriented capability assessment framework  
  by Mesfin Demissie Woldecherkos, Birhanu Beshah, Frank Ebinger 
  Abstract: This paper aims to review the existing national quality infrastructure (NQI) capability assessment approaches and ultimately develop a more inclusive framework that addresses all components of NQI. Therefore, the study reviewed previous efforts and noticed that most of them lack comprehensiveness or focus on a few NQI elements and use few indicators readily available online. Therefore, this study addresses these issues and allows future researchers to consider this conceptual model for NQI capability assessment. Accordingly, the study review documents focused on NQI capability collected from different sources. Backward and forward literature searches were conducted to identify additional and up-to-date documents. Finally, content analysis was performed on selected literature to identify the possible NQI capability indicators. The identified indicators were further simplified and segregated into five NQI categories: standardisation, metrology, accreditation, conformity assessment, and the regulatory system. And three NQI capability alternatives: resources, services, and collaboration. Figure 1 shows the framework. Table 1, Figures 3, 4 and 5 summarise and depict each capability assessment indicator under the five capability categories and three alternatives. Therefore, this framework is used as an index to assess the capability of the NQI system.
  Keywords: national quality infrastructure; NQI; standardisation; metrology; accreditation and conformity assessment; technical regulation; resources; services; collaboration.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10050862
   
  
• Impact of Eco-friendly Marketing Strategies on purchase intention  
  by Vasanthakumar Kumaradeepan 
  Abstract: The paper investigates the impact of eco-friendly marketing methods on customers’ green purchasing intentions in Sri Lanka, a special reference to Jaffna District, Sri Lanka. A recent trend of
  Keywords: eco-labelling; green-advertising; green packaging; branding; green purchase intention; eco-friendly; green purchasing; eco-concern; purchase intention.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10050963
   
  
• Influence of Intangible Factors on Service Quality: A Study with Reference to Restaurants in Chennai, Tamil Nadu.  
  by Kota Sreenivasa Murthy, Kanagaluru Sai Kumar 
  Abstract: Service quality is critical for the survival of any organisation. While there are many studies related to service quality, the majority of those studies investigated the effect of different dimensions on service quality giving less importance to the specific factors that influence the service quality. As such the study is aimed to identify the influence of various intangible factors on service quality in restaurants. The data were collected from the customers who come to the restaurants located in and around Chennai. An analysis of the data reveals that food quality is the major intangible factor followed by value for money, staff behaviour, and service time. Regression analysis of testing the impact of various intangible factors on service quality also identified that food quality is the important factor. The opinion of male and female customers on the intangible factors that influence the service quality concluded that there is no significant difference of opinion exists between them except for a few intangible factors such as restaurant ambiance, customer privacy, and customer entertainment.
  Keywords: customer privacy; food quality; service time; staff behaviour; value for money.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10051417
   
  
• DETERMINANTS IMPACTING THE FINTECH ADOPTION: A CASE ON INDIAN MSME SECTOR  
  by Upasana Gupta, BHAWNA AGARWAL, Neeraj Nautiyal 
  Abstract: Fintech usage in India has increased to 87% in 2019, up from 52% in 2017. India’s Fintech industry is being propelled forward by rising internet usage and better digital infrastructure. The purpose of this paper is to examine the most influential factor impacting the intention of small business units for adopting financial technology. The behavioural intention of MSMEs is measured with TAM and UTAUT models. The paper was based on a descriptive and inferential research design for which original data is collected. Questions were asked from the owners/managers of MSMEs. Facilitating conditions and subjective norms influenced financial technology adoption, whereas the original TAM variables such as perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness were found to be insignificant in the case of MSMEs.
  Keywords: technology acceptance model; TAM; Fintech; micro; small; and medium enterprises; MSMEs; small businesses.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10051527
   
  
• Customers' Acceptance of Artificial Intelligent Robots in the Insurance Industry: Evidence from an Emerging Market  
  by Sumathi Kumaraswamy, Yomna Abdulla, M. Suresh 
  Abstract: There is a growing consensus among Indian insurance firms, which have been increasingly attempting to adopt and integrate artificial intelligence (AI) and robotic process automation in the recent past. This calls for a heated debate on how far the machines that read algorithms will replace human intelligence and satisfy the customers who always expect error-free and faster processing of insurance services. This research paper is the first of its kind in analysing the customers’ acceptance of adopting artificial intelligent robots (ART) in the insurance sector for its sustainable growth methodology. The interrelationships among the factors were analysed using the total interpretive structural modelling (TISM) approach. The results suggest that individuals’ knowledge about artificial intelligent robots and performance expectancy from AIR in terms of accuracy and consistency as the main triggering factors of customer acceptance of AI robots in the Indian insurance industry.
  Keywords: artificial intelligence; robotic technology; robots in insurance; total interpretive structural modelling; TISM.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10052033
   
  
• Operational Risk Management: Artificial Intelligence's Contributions to Business Excellence  
  by Carolina Carvalho, Renato Lopes Da Costa, Rui Gonçalves, Álvaro Dias, Leandro Ferreira Pereira 
  Abstract: Operational risk is a growing field because of the recent decades and numerous economic crises, and businesses are gradually realising that the more they invest in it, the less money they lose. The most important topic of the century is artificial intelligence, which spans all possible fields and offers quick, less expensive, and more accurate ways to complete tasks. This paper details the developments in the application of artificial intelligence technology for operational risk management. The qualitative study showed a lack of investment and a lack of information about advancements in AI technology that may be used for OpRisk controls. This automation is hampered by issues including a lack of human resource capabilities and giving other industries priority. Given the present AI solutions that enable the maturation of OpRisk controls and, consequently, limit losses from them, businesses must invest in the OpRisk departments.
  Keywords: artificial intelligence; automation; operational risk.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10052167
   
  
• A Dynamic Model on the base of Text Mining for Success Factors of Outsourcing in Project-based Companies  
  by Delshad Hoseini, Mohsen Shafiei Nikabadi, Alireza Moghaddam 
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is to develop a dynamic model for investigating the effective factors on outsourcing with a hybrid approach. In this research, 500 indexed articles (from 2017 to 2019) have been investigated in the field of outsourcing, by the combination of the K-means algorithm, fuzzy DEMATEL technique, and dynamic modelling (which is the most important aspect of research). The findings are obtained in two stages: identifying factors (
  Keywords: outsourcing; project-based companies; dynamic modelling; fuzzy DEMATEL; clustering; text mining; power industry.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2020.10052234
   
  
• MODEL FOR MEASURING INNOVATION CAPACITY IN SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED ENTERPRISES: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (UAE)  
  by Eseroghene Udjo, Shahira O. Abdalla, Giovanna Bejjani 
  Abstract: The literature on innovation capacity is fraught with ambiguities. Innovation capacity of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) has a wide range of interpretations, making it a difficult construct to examine. The ambiguity is a challenge, and it shows that our current understanding of the topic is inadequate. Therefore, the study examines the dimensions of innovation capacity of SMEs in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The objective is to explore what drives innovation and how it may support SMEs in the UAE to remain competitive. Drawing on insights from theoretical studies of innovation capacity, the research identifies seven innovation capacity dimensions and uses factor analytic technique to evaluate these dimensions for consistency with those presented in the literature. The analysis extends to the use of structural equation modelling (SEM) to assess how well the hypothesised model fits the data. The results demonstrate that our research model fits the data well.
  Keywords: small and medium sized enterprises; SMEs; competitiveness; innovation dimension; creativity; innovation capacity; structural equation modelling; SEM; United Arab Emirates.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJBEX.2022.10052303