International Journal of Agile Systems and Management (24 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• Blockchain technology as a means of facilitating exports  
  by Daiane Rodrigues Dos Santos 
  Abstract: Disruptive technologies will play a pivotal role in enhancing and streamlining international trade in the coming decades, with blockchain technology emerging as one of the most promising in this context. A search using the keywords ‘blockchain’ and ‘international trade’ in the lens.org platform identified 4794 patent applications, revealing a significant increase in patent filings from 2015 to 2023. The analysis highlights key patents, such as “methods, apparatuses, and devices for verifying authenticity of cross-border transactions”, which enhance the security and reliability of international transactions through blockchain. The study also examines the top patent classifications and jurisdictions, with the USA leading in patent filings, followed by WIPO and European Patents. The study concludes that blockchain technology holds the potential to promote a paradigm shift in the business domain, particularly in export operations, and foster cooperation in the supply chain, positioning itself as an innovation for international trade.
  Keywords: blockchain technology; export operations; supply chain management; traceability; intelligent contracts; cost optimisation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2025.10070318
   
  
• AI in agile: a systematic review of purposes, benefits, and challenges  
  by Ruba Almuwayshir, Fazal-e-Amin  
  Abstract: Agile software development (ASD) is renowned for its flexibility, rapid iteration, and emphasis on user feedback. With the advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI), there is growing interest in exploring how AI can further enhance ASD practices. This systematic literature review (SLR) aims to identify AI applications that can help improve Agile processes. This study also investigates the integration of AI into ASD, focusing on its purposes, challenges, and opportunities. In a multi-phased process, 1784 documents were gathered and examined. Thirty-three papers satisfied the inclusion and quality assessment requirements. A total of six different AI applications were identified, of which machine learning (ML) was the one predominantly used. AI techniques’ purposes, benefits, and challenges were identified and discussed. This review contributes to academic and practical discussions by comprehensively analysing current trends and future directions at the intersection of AI and Agile development.
  Keywords: ASD; Agile software development; machine learning in agile; automation in agile processes; NLP in agile; agile processes.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2025.10070594
   
  
• Multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem with payment periods to maximise the net present value: a case study  
  by Mahmoud DarvishNezhad, Seyed Farzad Hosseini, Hasan Zareei, Roya Soltani 
  Abstract: This paper proposes a multi-mode project scheduling model considering renewable resources, capital constraints, and discounted cash flows. By assigning different execution modes to the activities, the project’s net present value (NPV) is maximised based on various cash flow models. The research introduces three event-based cash flow models. In two of these models, cash payments are made at the beginning and end of the activity, respectively, while in the third model, payments occur at regular intervals from the start to the conclusion of the activities. A deterministic method, a heuristic method, and a metaheuristic genetic algorithm are developed to address the problem at hand. A case study examines projects from the Sarkhun and Qeshm Gas Refinery in Iran to implement the proposed models. Data from ten projects are analysed and tested in real dimensions. Computational results indicate that the metaheuristic method achieves a higher NPV compared to the heuristic method.
  Keywords: discounted cash flows; genetic algorithm; NPV; net present value; project scheduling.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2025.10071019
   
  
• M-Probability: a modified probability approach for multi-criteria decision making  
  by Do Duc Trung, Nguyen Van Thien, Hoang Tien Dung, Nazli Ersoy 
  Abstract: One of the prominent multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques utilised for ranking alternatives is the probability method. However, the probability method has limitations: it cannot be applied when the decision matrix includes a profit criterion with negative values for certain alternatives, or when the sum of this criterion’s values across all alternatives is zero. To address these limitations, this study introduces a modified version of the Probability method, called M-Probability. By altering certain formulas, M-probability overcomes the restrictions inherent in the original approach. The efficacy of M-Probability has been rigorously tested through comparisons with other MCDM methods across five case studies, analysing over 250 output scenarios through comparative and sensitivity analyses. The results consistently demonstrated that M-Probability achieves a high level of accuracy. M-Probability method represents a significant advancement, providing a more robust and accurate decision-making tool that effectively circumvents the shortcomings of the original method.
  Keywords: MCDM; multi-criteria decision making; probability method; M-Probability method; modified probability.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2025.10071492
   
  
• Impact of lean manufacturing viz. quality control tools on performance improvement of manufacturing industry: a case study  
  by Rajesh Kumar, Ashwini Kumar, Rajender Kumar 
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is to control quality of the falling and loose cover of rain tunnel light sensor (RTLS) of product in manufacturing organisation. QC tools including fishbone diagram has been prepare to analyse root cause of the problem, and preventive and corrective actions are taken to remove the problem. Rejection of the product was found out be 7 products per day. Cover was falling out of limits and root cause of the problem has been analysed to ascertain the benefits occurred. Major in-house rejection and customer complaints were there. Seven steps have been followed to remove the problem and achieving different benefits.
  Keywords: fishbone diagram; rejection; root cause analysis; RTLS; rain tunnel light sensor; quality tool; T-test; Why-why analysis; capacity planning.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2025.10071495
   
  
• An adapted agile approach for KPIs identification and process improvement: a COVID-19 case study  
  by Nesrine Missaoui, Emna Ammar, Asma Mejri, Khaoula Sayeb, Nadia Ben Lasfar, Wissem Hachfi, Amel Letaief, Amina Haouas, Oumaima Bhiri, Ahmed Maalel, Henda Hajjami Ben Ghezala, Sonia Ayachi Ghannouchi 
  Abstract: The paper presents an approach to enhancing business processes by bringing together agile methodologies, process improvement and key performance indicators (KPIs). The proposed approach simplifies the identification and measurement of KPIs within an agile framework, by presenting the way improvement can be carried out within agile projects and the role of artefact reuse in ensuring an effective and a continuous improvement of processes. Additionally, it addresses a gap in existing research by providing a comprehensive methodology for exploiting agility and process improvement initiatives. A case study conducted in a Tunisian public hospital, focusing on the treatment process for COVID-19 patients, demonstrates the applicability and effectiveness of the approach in facilitating the improvement of a process using KPIs and managing crisis situations using agile approach.
  Keywords: agile approach; process improvement; KPI; key performance indicator; process performance; artefact reuse; scrum method; COVID-19.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2025.10071496
   
  
• Does digital transformation enhance individual performance in public sector? Practitioners’ standpoint  
  by Suganthi Naikkar Subramaniam, Magiswary Dorasamy, C.A. Malarvizhi 
  Abstract: Digital transformation (DT) is a continuous process that involves businesses adapting their operations, products, and procedures to benefit from digital technology. The public sector is under pressure to quickly change to maintain its credibility, but this transformation has been hindered by factors such as slow response, bureaucracy, and financial constraints. This study aims to explore the challenges affecting individual performance in the digital transformation of the public sector from the perspective of practitioners. Interviews with various background personnel in the Malaysian public sector revealed that some of the challenges faced by practitioners include a lack of knowledge and skills, resistance to change, ineffective time management, lack of motivation, and a lack of a digital mindset. These challenges will be incorporated into the existing theory of employee dynamic capability to address the challenges faced by public sector employees in the digital transformation process and adopt a new working culture.
  Keywords: digital transformation; public sector; individual performance; practitioner; resistance; digital mindset; motivation; knowledge; skills; time management; employee dynamic capability.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2025.10071697
   
  
• The effectiveness of agile practices on project success factors  
  by Mmule Madumo, Carl Marnewick, Kwete Mwana Nyandongo 
  Abstract: This study investigates the effectiveness and challenges of agile practices in IT project management. Using a survey of agile practitioners, the research highlights five key practices: team communication, coding standards, iterative planning, sprint planning, and sprints. Interestingly, practices like pair programming and code refactoring, often considered less important, showed strong performance - suggesting a mismatch between perceived value and actual impact. The findings reveal positive correlations between agile practices and project success factors. For example, sprint backlogs improve documentation, and code ownership enhances several success metrics. Continuous integration, integration testing, and usability testing also strengthen project leadership and overall outcomes. The study emphasises the importance of clear documentation, well-defined criteria, code ownership, and rigorous testing in boosting efficiency, accountability, and quality in agile environments.
  Keywords: agile methodologies; traditional project management; project management; agile project management; project success.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2025.10072429
   
  
• System design of behavioural change platform service for health promotion using digital healthcare technologies  
  by Shingo Kawai, Masako Toriya, Tetsuya Toma 
  Abstract: Raising healthy life expectancy is an urgent issue in super-ageing societies. To promote people’s health at national and municipal levels, a social system is needed to achieve behaviour change. This study conducted an indepth system design of a novel behavioural change platform (BCPF) service that promotes behavioural changes through the support of the surroundings. First, to identify the system associated with each service provider in the BCPF service, the authors analysed Level 2 diagrams using the object process methodology. Second, customer value chain analysis was performed to visibly and logically identify primary stakeholders and value streams. Finally, to describe the dynamic behaviour of BCPF service, system dynamics simulation was conducted. Through a comprehensive examination of the relationships between parameters sensitive to the number of BCPF service users, the analysis revealed the number of users can increase to more than 10% of the total population within three years.
  Keywords: behavioural change; digital healthcare; platform service; systems engineering; stakeholder value creation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2025.10072431
   
  
• Assessing the role of digital literacy proficiency in enhancing employability in the modern workforce  
  by Chow Poh Ling, Phuah Kit Teng, Amy Yeo Chu May 
  Abstract: Digitalisation stimulates economic growth and plays a key role in driving positive changes. Future job opportunities are expected to focus on high-skill, knowledge-based roles, including advanced managerial and technical positions. Although extensive research exists on digital literacy’s benefits in education and organisations, there is limited empirical investigation into its impact on employability. This study examines the relationship between digital skills and employability. A questionnaire was distributed to 206 purposively selected respondents, and multiple regression analysis was used to test the proposed relationships. Findings highlight the importance of attitude, media literacy, and visual literacy in enhancing employability and suggest that policy interventions could help address digital skills gaps. The study recommends evaluating soft skills, such as adaptability, problem-solving, and communication, alongside digital literacy, and examining how the combination of technical and interpersonal skills influences employability.
  Keywords: career advancement; digital literacy; employment opportunities; labour market.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2025.10072618
   
  
• Implementing agile governance: frameworks for decision-making and control  
  by P.K. Dutta, Arvind Kumar Bhardwaj, Pradeep Chintale, Subir Gupta 
  Abstract: The boundaries of historical hierarchical governance were revealed by the recent turbulence in technology-driven markets. The effectiveness of Agile Governance across the organisation is explored in this study that employs a combination of Scrum’s time-based sprints and Kanban’s flow-oriented boards. According to a quantitative study, Spotify and Salesforce’s deployment-based analytics reveal that lead time, cycle time (including email automation), or customer satisfaction index leads to release cadence speeds of 38%, customer retention rates (22%), and decision making latency improvements of 38%. A culture of transparency and continuous improvement is supported by qualitative data from 46 stakeholder interviews and 12 retrospective sessions. The paper argues for sector-specific adaptations and AI-enabled analytics to mature Agile Governance and sustain value delivery. Findings position Agile Governance as a strategic cornerstone for resilient, high-velocity enterprises navigating volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) landscapes. Further research will refine maturity models, quantify costbenefit trade-offs, and benchmark adoption patterns across regulated industries worldwide.
  Keywords: agile governance; decision-making; agile frameworks; scrum; Kanban; agile controls; agile metrics; business agility.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2025.10072619
   
  
• The effect of task, team and technology on performance in agile virtual teams: an empirical study using PLS-SEM  
  by Ali El Idrissi, Mohamed Amine Marhraoui, Mohamed Fourka 
  Abstract: Agile principles suggest face-to-face conversation as an effective way of communication. Covid-19 lockdowns forced many agile teams to work remotely. Agile virtual teams (AVTs) combine agility with the reliance on technological tools to collaborate. Remote working, when adequately implemented, can bring a better value creation for stakeholders such as time, cost, and stress reduction. The literature review is limited and lacks both qualitative and quantitative studies explaining performance in AVTs. A conceptual model named ‘C3T’ was elaborated to identify factors impacting performance in AVTs. This model was tested through a quantitative approach using structural equations modelling. Data was collected from 149 participants through an online questionnaire. This study is one of the few ones which quantitatively analyse agility in virtual settings. It provides some practical insights regarding complexity, trust building, and technology adoption in AVTs. Other factors, such as motivation, conflicts, and cultural diversity, can be included in future studies.
  Keywords: virtual teams; agility; AVT; agile virtual teams; task complexity; team experience; technology use; team performance; quantitative approach; PLS-SEM.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2025.10072621
   
  
• Digital technology mapping in sustainable food supply chain: a bibliometric analysis  
  by Dini Hamidin, Munir , Asep Wahyudin, Puspo Dewi Dirgantari 
  Abstract: As people become more aware of the need for a better living; the demand for a sustainable food supply chain grows. To establish this system; industrial technology 4.0 is a driving force. This bibliometric analysis study sought to cluster the relationship between technology and sustainable food supply chain; and to identify the thematic keywords related to sustainable food supply chain. The data used were obtained from the Scopus database from the last 10 years. This study employed bibliometric analysis research procedures. The analysis was conducted based on trends; authors; countries; and journals while cluster analysis was conducted utilising Excel; VOSviewer; and Tableau applications. The findings successfully mapped digital technology in five clusters. Thus; each technology and development direction of each cluster can be identified properly to realise the sustainable food supply chain.
  Keywords: digital technology; technology mapping; food supply chain; sustainable; bibliometric analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2025.10072844
   
  
• An enterprise system generator engine: Engen  
  by Carlos Eugênio Palma Da Purificação, Paulo Caetano Da Silva, Enderson Nobre Santos 
  Abstract: Software specification is written in a natural language; what difficult the integration with MDA model driven architecture. The standards SBVR - semantic vocabulary and business rules sets the definition of semantics to express vocabulary and rules focused on business; facilitating the use of models to describe business specification to generate code. For creating business vocabulary and rules that are valid; according to these standards; professionals need resources that facilitate the creation of the model. This paper proposes a model-driven software development platform to incorporate and maintain business rules in a flexible way; as opposed to a natural language; to allow system business rules to be quickly adapted and incorporated into the development of business systems. For this purpose; a literature review was conducted in which we sought to identify the state of the art and the existing gaps in this context. Then; a tool was created so that business analysts can define the keywords in the SBVR Meta-Model; making it possible to design natural language libraries; which can be absorbed by project models.
  Keywords: enterprise system generator engine; ENGEN; business rules editor; SBVR; semantic of business rules and vocabulary; controlled natural languages.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2025.10073060
   
  
• Improving economic sustainability of rice production using system dynamics simulation model  
  by Erma Suryani, Rully Agus Hendrawan, Ulfa Emi Rahmawati, Damanhuri, Shuo-Yan Chou, Alifia Az-Zahra 
  Abstract: This research addresses rice production problems under environmental dynamics to increase the economic sustainability of rice production. For simulation model development, we utilised a system dynamics model because it can accommodate relationships between complex and nonlinear variables that affect economic sustainability in rice production. The scientific contribution of this research is the creation of scenarios modelling that describes the interrelationships of variables and parameters in rice productivity, production, consumer rice prices, the implementation of machine tools, integrative cultivation management, centralised rice milling programs, and e-commerce in increasing economic sustainability. The simulation results show that improving economic sustainability can be achieved by increasing production, quality, and rice price competitiveness. Through scenario modelling by changing the structure of the model (adding several system components), projections on future production, quality, and product competitiveness can be estimated.
  Keywords: system dynamics model; rice production; simulation; sustainable economic growth; sustainable production.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2025.10073083
   
  
• Framework of DevOps maturity for information systems development  
  by J.A.V.M.K. Jayakody, W.M.J.I. Wijayanayake 
  Abstract: The IS development companies increasingly use DevOps to meet demands for faster development cycles and improved quality. However, its challenges extend beyond technical aspects, affecting processes and organisational culture. Organisations struggle to fully benefit from DevOps due to the lack of standardised strategies and documented experiences. Understanding the factors contributing to DevOps maturity is crucial to address these challenges. This research aimed to propose a validated framework for DevOps maturity using the decision science research method. A systematic literature review identified existing maturity models, leading to a new framework. Semi-structured interviews provided further insights, and a questionnaire survey validated the frameworks practical applicability. Study presents a DevOps maturity framework with five levels and six capability factors: Transparency and Sharing, Continuous DevOps Practices, Automation, Metrics and Measurements, Effective Communication, and proficient Teams. Focusing on these factors helps organisations systematically enhance their DevOps capabilities, ensuring smoother implementation and maturity while minimising challenges.
  Keywords: DevOps; DevOps maturity; DevOps process improvement; information systems; DevOps framework; DevOps maturity model; DevOps capability factors; DevOps maturity levels; DevOps success.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2025.10073472
   
  
• Agile vs. waterfall: choosing an approach for effective IT project management  
  by Irina Azarova, Tatiana Bezverkhniuk, Daniil Novikov 
  Abstract: Today, IT project management encompasses a wide range of methods, which are typically categorised into three main groups: adaptive, predictive, and hybrid. However, among theorists and practitioners, there is still no consensus on the most optimal approach to managing a particular project depending on its context, which often does not lead to desired outcomes. The aim of this study is to enhance IT project management effectiveness by selecting and applying the most suitable approach to project management, which will ensure the best project implementation results. This method based on a multi-criteria decision-making allows us to create a list of criteria and an evaluation scale, enabling us to obtain comprehensive information to make a decision. The method was successfully tested in an agile mobile application development project. Its effectiveness in addressing the task was evidenced by the project value, which was obtained with minimal deviations in the cost, and schedule.
  Keywords: choosing a project management approach; agile; adaptive project management; predictive approach; hybrid approach; multi-criteria decision-making; project effectiveness.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2025.10073638
   
  
• How do Triple-A supply chain capabilities enhance hospital pharmacy inventory performance? A hybrid fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making approach  
  by Detcharat Sumrit, Sudarat Katthamaruesee 
  Abstract: This study explores the interdependence of Triple-A supply chain capabilities (TASC) and their impact on pharmacy inventory performance (PIP) in hospitals, using an integrated fuzzy multicriteria decision-making (FMCDM) approach. TASC comprises three essential principles: agility, adaptability, and alignment. Utilising a comprehensive dataset from selected public hospitals in Thailand, the research employs three FMCDM tools: DEMATEL-based ANP (DANP), the method for evaluating the removal effects of criteria (MEREC), and simple additive weighting (SAW). These methodologies enable healthcare managers to assess the relative importance of TASC and its relationship with PIP, offering valuable insights for enhancing inventory management in healthcare settings. The findings indicate that adaptability has the most significant impact on PIP indicators, followed by agility and alignment. Among the various PIP indicators, TASC most effectively reduces overstocking costs, followed by costs associated with obsolete stock, lead time variability, inventory turnover, the frequency of rush orders, stockout rates, optimal order fulfilment, and the speed of logistics processing.
  Keywords: TASC; Triple-A supply chain capabilities; agility; adaptability; alignment; PIP; pharmacy inventory performance; FMCDM; fuzzy multicriteria decision-making.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2025.10073709
   
  
• Agile framework for minimum viable capabilities in traditionally linear engineering acquisition cultures  
  by Boris Kazakevich, Keith F. Joiner 
  Abstract: Capability acquisitions based on agile methodologies are becoming attractive due to the inherent benefits of the agile philosophies to handle complicated and complex developmental cycles when there are high and growing proportions of software functionality involved. However, in major platform capabilities, there remains significant cultural and procedural attachment to the classic waterfall approach with limited iteration and early experimentation for risk discovery and reward. An acquisition framework was conceptually developed to mature technological solutions from a model to a platform-level capability based on the concepts of minimum viable product. Using workshops with acquisition experts, the framework was improved, refining definitions of key concepts, using digital engineering to structure developmental modelling and simulation, and providing appropriate governance throughout the framework process. A retrospective acquisition is used to illustrate and verify the framework and to encourage acquisition agencies to trial it. Further research is needed to validate the framework across a portfolio of representative acquisitions.
  Keywords: agile techniques; capabilities; minimum viable product; MVP; minimum viable capability; acquisition; digital engineering; governance; modelling and simulation; M&S.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2025.10074320
   
  
• Preparing a ‘continuous’ organisational agility: systematic literature review  
  by Inta Hartaningtyas Rani, Rhenald Kasali, Ratih Dyah Kusumastuti, Sri Rahayu Hijrah Hati 
  Abstract: During the unforeseen end-of-business volatility, short-term organisational agility implementation burdens companies with costly strategies. Noting that organisational agility is mandatory for thriving and must be cultivated and coordinated throughout the organisations system, a review that comprehensively synthesises the existing organisational agility literature is necessary to guide future strategic management research on continuous organisational agility. This study carefully collects and synthesises 90 existing studies obtained by extensively searching the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The review summarises the antecedents, decisions, and outcomes (ADO) and provides a picture of the theories, contexts, and methods (TCM) employed to address the existing knowledge gaps and enhance understanding of the topic before providing the future research agenda. Interestingly, the result also indicates the existence of routine dynamics, dynamic capabilities, and agility intertwined theory that enriches the discussion. The framework grounding this finding was developed to conceptualise continuous organisational agility.
  Keywords: SLR; systematic literature review; organisational agility; dynamic capabilities; routine dynamics; continuity; ADO-TCM; antecedents; decisions; outcomes; theories; contexts; and methods.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2025.10074555
   
  
• Tacit knowledge sharing in distributed agile software development using an ontology: a systematic review  
  by Abhishek Dhoorundhur, Soulakshmee D. Nagowah 
  Abstract: IT industries face issues managing knowledge in projects due to reasons such as attrition and poorly maintained documentation. The problem is more pronounced in agile software development (ASD) where teams are distributed across different geographical locations. Tacit knowledge is difficult to articulate and share. ASD exacerbates this challenge because of its dependency on real-time, informal communication. This paper investigates the challenges and key factors affecting tacit knowledge sharing within distributed agile teams. A systematic literature review was conducted on publications from 2014 to 2024. Several papers highlighted the use of ontologies to improve knowledge management issues. Our findings show that despite such efforts, gaps are still present in capturing tacit knowledge across distributed agile teams. This paper explores existing ontologies and current strategies. It suggests a need for a more effective approach focusing on core factors to bridge the gaps between tacit knowledge sharing in distributed ASD teams.
  Keywords: tacit knowledge; knowledge representation; DASD; ontology.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2025.10074682
   
  
• Fostering pharma production and ergonomics through AGVs  
  by Samer Abaddi 
  Abstract: This study examines integrating automated guided vehicles (AGVs) at X Pharmaceutical Company to enhance operational efficiency and ergonomics under Industry 4.0. Using lean manufacturing principles, it evaluates effects on non-value-added (NVA) time, lead time, and employee utilisation. AGVs reduced NVA time by 41%, total lead time by 19.34%, and increased employee utilisation by 16.27%. Physical discomfort for loading/unloading staff is expected to decline, aligning with OSHA and ISO guidelines. AGVs enable reallocating workers from manual handling to more cognitively engaging tasks, improving efficiency, job satisfaction, and safety. The study recommends scaling AGVs with AI-enabled automation for production and maintenance. It is distinctive in combining lean methods, empirical validation with an AGV prototype, and direct ergonomic assessment, offering not just theoretical benefits but concrete evidence of higher productivity, fewer NVA activities, and better employee well-being.
  Keywords: AGVs; automated guided vehicles; Industry 4.0; lean manufacturing; radiofrequency identifier; workplace ergonomics.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2025.10075074
   
  
• The impact of agile management and training on the perception of distance learning: a case study from a Polish university during COVID-19  
  by Magda Dubińska-Magiera, Marta Migocka-Patrzałek, Dawid Krysiński, Stefan Nowicki 
  Abstract: This study explores the impact of agile management strategies on academic staff perceptions of distance learning at the University of Wroclaw, Poland, during the COVID-19 pandemic. It examines how rapidly implemented administrative procedures and training programmes influenced attitudes towards distance learning. Using a survey of 309 academic staff and employing principal component analysis and ordinary least squares regression, the analysis shows that these agile efforts significantly improved the perceived effectiveness and accessibility of distance learning. Such findings highlight the critical role of organisational agility, particularly in the context of crisis management, in shaping positive perceptions of digital education. In addition, the study highlights that overall, non-covid-related motivation to experiment with alternative learning methods is a key determinant of perceived effectiveness and availability, suggesting that not only reactive agile strategies, but also pre-emptive ones, are essential in promoting successful digital education, both during emergencies and in long-term planning.
  Keywords: agility; agile management; crisis circumstances; distance learning; COVID-19 pandemic; higher education; university; training.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2025.10075253
   
  

Special Issue on: TE2024 Transdisciplinary Engineering for Agility in Sustainable Stakeholder Value Creation

• Strategic financing management in high-speed rail project development: a systematic literature review  
  by Indra Putra Salim, Manlian Ronald A. Simanjuntak, Oei Fuk Jin 
  Abstract: This systematic literature review explores the financing management of high-speed train projects with cases related to this topic. It plays an active role in overcoming various challenges in the transportation sector, such as congestion, and supporting increased environmental sustainability and inter city connectivity. This large-scale project financing process provides complex challenges because it requires significant financial resources with high management risks. Even though the government provides initial funding, public-private cooperation is still needed to implement this project successfully. Financial risks, including considerations related to construction costs and unexpected policy changes affecting project financing, are always a possibility. Therefore, it is essential to know proactive risk mitigation strategies. Through this systematic review of literature, it is hoped that it will provide knowledge regarding funding sources, methods, and other external factors so that it can be used in developing and making future policy decisions regarding high-speed trains.
  Keywords: financing management; high-speed train; project development; strategic implications; transportation sector.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2025.10073124