International Journal of Agile Systems and Management (24 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• Reinforcing public sector scorecard in law enforcement sector: prosecution institution of government of Indonesia  
  by Frizkana Meilia, Bambang Tjahjadi 
  Abstract: The concept of a unifying public sector organisational framework strategy drawing, improving the quality of public services, controlling and assessing, is called the public sector scorecard (PSS). This approach is based on a broader version of the balanced scorecard to fit the added cultural factors and values of the public sector. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate, based on a case study approach in prosecution agencies, how PSS addresses a number of critical success aspects for performance management and service quality improvement in the public sector. The results of analysis at the prosecutor’s office in Indonesia show that PSS in the field of law enforcement with case studies of restorative justice, with the aim of accommodating rehabilitative values and reforming criminals. PSS is a management approach that is able to manage organisational elements to become more effective to produce high quality of performance.
  Keywords: public sector; performance management; balanced scorecard; PSS; public sector scorecard; governance; strategy mapping; prosecution institution.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2024.10065029
   
  
• HR strategies for sustaining remote-work productivity across generations  
  by Josephine Liemantoro, Steryna Ownrysher Nyoto, Ruth Srininta Tarigan 
  Abstract: Introduction: Remote work has become the new norm with its impact potentially varying across generations. This research explores the relationship between remote work challenges, which are work-home interference and financial security, towards productivity, one element of sustainability, and how these effects are influenced by generational differences. Method: Data from respondents across the three generations, Gen X, Millennials, and Gen Z, are analysed using the PLS-SEM. Results: The analysis indicates that both work-home interference and financial security are significant factors contributing to productivity. Generational characteristics moderates only the relationship between work-home interference and productivity but not between financial security and productivity. Discussion: The findings suggest that companies need agile strategies to mitigate interference and ensure remote workers’ financial security. Customised HR policies can help accommodate different generations varying needs and preferences.
  Keywords: generational characteristics; productivity; remote work; financial security; work home interference; SDG 8 (Decent work and economic growth).
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2024.10066211
   
  
• Unlocking gamer loyalty: the power of Logitech’s brand experience, trust, and eSports advertising  
  by Oviliani Yenty Yuliana, Juan Reno Santoso, Tipajin Thaipisutikul 
  Abstract: The growth of gaming and eSports in Indonesia is driven by technological advancements, impacting consumer behaviour towards Logitech gaming products (Logitech G). This study investigated how Brand Experience and Brand Trust influence user Brand Loyalty to Logitech G, focusing on the role of eSports advertising. Using quantitative research with 100 respondents aged 15-35 in Metropolitan Surabaya and applying partial least squarestructural equation model (PLS-SEM), the study revealed that Brand Experience directly impacted Brand Loyalty and had an indirect effect through Brand Trust. eSports Functional Advertising significantly affected the relationship between Brand Experience and Brand Loyalty. However, it did not moderate the relationship between Brand Trust and Brand Loyalty. Gaming companies can enhance consumer loyalty by prioritizing strategic product development and effective eSports advertising. This research aligned with SDG 9 on Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure. It provides a model applicable to technology-driven markets, offering practical implications for global consumer engagement and marketing strategies.
  Keywords: brand experience; brand loyalty; brand trust; functional advertising; eSports; SDG 9.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2024.10066213
   
  
• Market liquidity of agriculture sector in Indonesia and Malaysia during COVID-19 Delta  
  by Elisa Tjondro, Caroline Liovan Subur, David Pangestoe 
  Abstract: This study aims to assess the influence of the COVID-19 Delta outbreak on stock market liquidity within the agricultural sectors of Indonesia and Malaysia. This study assesses the impact of the COVID-19 Delta variant by examining COVID-19 cases, mortalities, recoveries, vaccinations, and stringency datasets. The study comprised a sample of 57 agricultural firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and Bursa Malaysia. Daily data was collected from January to December 2021, generating 8358 observations. The study utilises the panel regression weighted least square (WLS) analysis approach. This study reveals that COVID-19 Delta has adversely affected market liquidity in the agricultural sectors of Indonesia and Malaysia. The study reveals that rising daily cases, deaths, and recoveries have a negative effect on market liquidity, whereas vaccination and stringency do not demonstrate any association. Even increasing the recovery rate does not restore market liquidity due to the Delta variants negative impact.
  Keywords: COVID-19; Delta variant; stock market liquidity; market resilience; COVID-19 cases; deaths; vaccination; stringency.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2024.10066525
   
  
• Substance or superstition? The dissemination dynamics of Business Analysis, Agile and DevOps as trending fashionable techniques of the digital era  
  by Eren Onay, Mehmet Ercek 
  Abstract: This study aims to explore the diffusion patterns of business analysis, agile project management (APM) and development and operations (DevOps) as trending fashionable management techniques that target the risks of and solutions for digitalisation in an emerging economy context. Building on trending and semantically related fashion research, we intend to question whether business organisations rely on superstitious learning that is motivated by quick-fix rhetorics and ritual adoption, or real learning that is driven by accumulative resource and repository development. Upon assessing the global discursive diffusion patterns of each technique, a field study was conducted in Turkey, which covered 303 companies to explore the substantive diffusion patterns of these techniques in large sized firms. The results not only supported the trending of fashionable techniques in their substantive use, but also verified considerable reliance on real learning practices, indicated by prior use of other techniques and gradual building on prior expertise.
  Keywords: management fashions; management fads; management innovation; adoption; dissemination; diffusion; business analysis; APM; agile project management; DevOps; development and operations.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2024.10066828
   
  
• Courtesy attitudes, interpersonal communication and coworker on performance with motivation of civil servants in Banyuasin Regency  
  by Hendra Hadiwijaya, Sulastri , Zunaidah , Marlina Widiyanti 
  Abstract: Effective public service delivery hinges on the performance of civil servants. However, in Banyuasin Regency, Indonesia, concerns have arisen regarding the suboptimal performance of some civil servants. This study delves into the potential factors influencing civil servant motivation and performance, specifically examining the roles of courtesy attitudes, interpersonal communication, and coworker support. The data for this study are analysed utilising structural equation modelling-partial least squares (SEM-PLS). The study’s sample comprised 373 civil servants occupying structural positions at echelon IV. The findings indicated that motivation was positively impacted by the direct influence of courtesy attitude variables, interpersonal communication, and coworkers; however, the impact of interpersonal communication variables on motivation was found to be more significant. In addition to courtesy attitudes, the motivation of civil servants is positively and significantly impacted by interpersonal communication and coworkers. The conduct of civil servants in Banyuasin Regency may be impacted by Courtesy, interpersonal Communication, and colleague relationships.
  Keywords: courtesy; interpersonal communication; coworker; motivation; performance; Banyuasin.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2024.10066831
   
  
• Hybrid pair programming in distributed software development  
  by Ridi Ferdiana, Irdina Wanda Syahputri 
  Abstract: Pair programming exhibits direct communication in the same place, time, and context. However, applying this programming in distributed software development is difficult because of the limited interaction, space, and time between developers. Distributed software development is a way to develop software remotely with separate team members. This paper aims to understand the key difficulty of pair programming in Distributed Software Development. In this study, researchers constructed an experiment to understand the difficulty of pair programming in distributed software development. The experiment compared individual programming, pair programming, and combining the two. The experiment result was then used to propose a hybrid pair programming method. This study showed that hybrid pair programming supplied better productivity than personal programming (55% better) and pair programming (43% better). Hybrid pair programming can improve coordination, scheduling, and technical issues, increasing individual programming productivity.
  Keywords: pair programming; distributed software development; individual programming; managerial effectiveness; organisational agility.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2024.10067099
   
  
• Live-streaming as an agile marketing strategy: an examination of a TikTok shop through the S-O-R framework  
  by Maria Natalia D. Maer, Timothy Jefferson, Ivana Tejokusumo, Fandy Tjiptono 
  Abstract: This study investigates the impact of live streamers’ attractiveness and product usefulness on consumer behaviour in TikTok Shop’s live streaming platform. Results show that attractive live streamers significantly enhance user enjoyment, which, in turn, increases the urge to buy impulsively. This enjoyment-driven impulse buying is reinforced by dynamic and engaging interactions during live streams. Conversely, trustworthiness and expertise of live streamers were found to have an insignificant effect on perceived enjoyment. The findings emphasise the importance of visual appeal and product usefulness in creating a compelling online shopping experience. However, the study’s exclusive focus on TikTok Shop in Indonesia may limit the generalisability of the findings to other regions and cultural contexts. Additionally, concentrating on a specific live-streaming channel restricts the applicability of these insights across various platforms. These insights offer valuable guidance for businesses seeking to enhance consumer engagement and drive sales through live streaming.
  Keywords: agile marketing; live-streaming; consumer behaviour; impulse buying; TikTok shop; S-O-R model; attractiveness; perceived enjoyment.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2024.10067100
   
  
• Forecasting social media engagement: an ARIMA-based approach  
  by Samer Abaddi 
  Abstract: This study analyses social media engagement on X Company’s Instagram and Facebook pages, forecasting the engagement rate (ER) using the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model based on 2 years of data. The objectives were to understand social media behaviour, develop and evaluate an ARIMA model for ER forecasting, and develop a predictive social media dashboard. Findings revealed high predictability for both Instagram and Facebook ER data, though the high mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and symmetric mean absolute percentage error (sMAPE) indicated room for improvement. Using business intelligence tools (Power BI), the study has developed an interactive dashboard for real-time insights and reliable forecasts, enhancing social media management for X Company. Continuous monitoring and adjustment of strategies based on actual ER values are recommended due to possible real-world changes.
  Keywords: ARIMA forecasting; engagement rate; social media analytics; predictive dashboard; content type; Stata; Power BI.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2024.10067382
   
  
• Organisational factors and success of agile innovation practices at the project level: a comparative case study  
  by Mehmet Gençer, Abdulkadir Özgen, M. Kerem Kızıltunç 
  Abstract: The aim of this research is to explore how organisational factors, ranging from level of specialisation to co-location, interfere with successful implementation of agile innovation practices, which originated in small scale software contexts, and now being applied in projects at large scale and nonsoftware business organisations. We have carried out a multiple case study using several projects within one manufacturing and one digital services firm. Employing a qualitative approach, we interviewed project managers and team members to understand how organisational factors interfere with agile practices. Our findings offer insights into effects of organisational factors on agile practices at the project level and how these differ from their known effects at the macro level. Our results also indicate that factors, such as colocation or availability of technical resources, may interact in non-trivial ways so as to allow new inroads into agile innovation practice in large scale organisations.
  Keywords: agile project practices; organisational factors; large scale organisations; co-location; technical resources; internal communication; specialisation; task interchangeability; managerial attitude.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2024.10067383
   
  
• The role of individual ambidexterity in supporting sales force performance based on a personal motivation perspective  
  by Andre Setiawan Omarhadi, Hatane Semuel, Serli Wijaya 
  Abstract: The disruption of post-COVID-19 consumer habits presents challenges for marketing managers, necessitating innovation in sales force management to remain competitive. Individual ambidexterity is a strategy employed in sales force management to encourage both explorative behaviour, which seeks new opportunities, and exploitative behaviour, which enhances operational efficiency. This research examines the influence of personal motivation on the development of individual ambidexterity behaviour, which, in turn, boosts sales force performance. A total of 223 salespeople participated in the survey conducted for this study. The participants work in retail stores across various sectors, including food and beverage, personal care, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals in East Java, Indonesia. The research results indicate that personal motivation directly impacts the formation of individual ambidexterity behaviour. Furthermore, individual ambidexterity behaviour positively affects sales force performance. The study also reveals that individual ambidexterity behaviour mediates the relationship between personal motivation and sales force performance.
  Keywords: personal motivation; exploitation; exploration; sales force performance; Indonesia.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2024.10067384
   
  
• Transdisciplinary engineering development and integrated water management: an Australian case example  
  by Ronald Beckett, John Mo 
  Abstract: Responses to complex sustainability issues and new technology emergence (e.g., industry 4.0) require consideration of both social and technology factors, as recognised in transdisciplinary practice. Drawing on a water industry longitudinal case study we suggest transdisciplinary engineering practice evolves through interaction within and between communities of place (social groups, government, business actors) and communities of practice (physical, ecological and social sciences actors) via experiential learning over diverse range of project activities. Consistent with the views of others, particular instances are influenced by the nature of the goal, the form of collaboration and the diversity of components to be integrated. Aspects of a water-energy-food nexus are observed. The utility of a 3PE architecture model in framing instances at various project phases is demonstrated. We identify enabling conditions as the maintenance of a strong innovation culture and a focus on strategic planning to support water climate change resilience.
  Keywords: transdisciplinary engineering; sustainability; complex adaptive systems; socio-technical systems; integrated water management; Water 4.0.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2024.10068677
   
  
• Citizen-centric development: a key requirements catalogue for mobile CrowdSensing applications in intelligent transportation systems  
  by Hajar El Gadi, Wahiba Abou-zbiba, Driss Benhaddou, Hanan El Bakkali, Houda Benbrahim 
  Abstract: Presently, intelligent systems have become increasingly important in addressing large-scale societal problems in different fields, e.g. transportation, healthcare, education, etc. In this scope, governments and researchers try to exploit the advantages of mobile technologies to facilitate data collection. Mobile CrowdSensing (MCS) presents a powerful solution that enables citizens to collect relevant data using their smartphones, allowing authorities to deduce quality information for decision-making. In this paper, we consider the case of a road safety-oriented MCS application. A major challenge is to encourage citizens to use such an application. In addition, designing MCS applications that meet security, privacy, and data reliability requirements while implementing incentive mechanisms is a challenge that emphasises the importance of the requirements engineering processes with well-defined requirements. In this paper, we propose a key requirements catalog for MCS applications. Our key findings demonstrate how users provide insights on key requirements for the development of an MCS application.
  Keywords: MCS; Mobile CrowdSensing; requirements engineering; key requirements catalogue; security; privacy; data reliability.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2024.10068678
   
  
• Implementation of Industry 4.0 integrated Lean-Six-Sigma methodologies for sustainable business operation: an empirical analysis using SAP-LAP framework  
  by Maharshi Samanta, Syed Nadimul Haque, Mohammed Jamshed, Naveen Virmani 
  Abstract: The paper analyses various factors that impact organisational performance when adopting Industry 4.0 integrated Lean Six Sigma (LSSI4). In this study, multiple elements were deconstructed through a literature review and structured interviews of practitioners in the industry. A Situations Actors Processes Learning Actions Performances (SAP-LAP) framework was used to capture the observations of 111 executives from selected industries working in the manufacturing sector in India. The study reveals that there are multiple factors governing the implementation of the elements around the LSSI4 methodologies toward achieving sustainable business practices. The approach to LSSI4 and its effects on organisational performance factors are found to be independent of industrial sectors. New insights were gained about the motivation for change implementation in organisations and its cascading effects. This study provides deep insight into this aspect of LSSI4 and helps understand the transformative impact of digitalisation (Industry 4.0) and process optimisation (Lean Six Sigma) across the various industry sectors. Finally, a recipe is provided for successfully implementing LSSI4 in the industry.
  Keywords: Lean Six Sigma; Industry 4.0; manufacturing; LSSI4; sustainable developmental goals; SAP-LAP analysis; sustainability; supply chain management.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2024.10068848
   
  
• Sustainability practices for software development in Scrum environment  
  by Fernando Almeida 
  Abstract: This paper aims to characterise the relevance of sustainability practices in the context of software companies that adopt the Scrum methodology. In the first phase, a multidimensional framework for software sustainability was built, based on the individual, technical, environmental, and social dimensions. Subsequently, a quantitative study was carried out using a survey answered by 397 Scrum professionals working in software companies registered in Portugal. The results reveal significant asymmetries in the implementation of sustainable practices, in which micro companies experience the greatest difficulties in their implementation. The findings also indicate that the practices most adopted by organisations are in the technical and individual dimensions, where a proactive level of maturity is evident. On the other hand, environmental and social practices are still poorly implemented and appear mainly at a reactive level due to the needs of the projects or their teams.
  Keywords: software engineering; sustainable software; Scrum; capability framework; green IT.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2024.10069288
   
  
• Blockchain technology as a means of facilitating exports  
  by Daiane Rodrigues Dos Santos 
  Abstract: Disruptive technologies will play a pivotal role in enhancing and streamlining international trade in the coming decades, with blockchain technology emerging as one of the most promising in this context. A search using the keywords ‘blockchain’ and ‘international trade’ in the lens.org platform identified 4794 patent applications, revealing a significant increase in patent filings from 2015 to 2023. The analysis highlights key patents, such as “methods, apparatuses, and devices for verifying authenticity of cross-border transactions”, which enhance the security and reliability of international transactions through blockchain. The study also examines the top patent classifications and jurisdictions, with the USA leading in patent filings, followed by WIPO and European Patents. The study concludes that blockchain technology holds the potential to promote a paradigm shift in the business domain, particularly in export operations, and foster cooperation in the supply chain, positioning itself as an innovation for international trade.
  Keywords: blockchain technology; export operations; supply chain management; traceability; intelligent contracts; cost optimisation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2025.10070318
   
  
• AI in agile: a systematic review of purposes, benefits, and challenges  
  by Ruba Almuwayshir, Fazal-e-Amin  
  Abstract: Agile software development (ASD) is renowned for its flexibility, rapid iteration, and emphasis on user feedback. With the advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI), there is growing interest in exploring how AI can further enhance ASD practices. This systematic literature review (SLR) aims to identify AI applications that can help improve Agile processes. This study also investigates the integration of AI into ASD, focusing on its purposes, challenges, and opportunities. In a multi-phased process, 1784 documents were gathered and examined. Thirty-three papers satisfied the inclusion and quality assessment requirements. A total of six different AI applications were identified, of which machine learning (ML) was the one predominantly used. AI techniques’ purposes, benefits, and challenges were identified and discussed. This review contributes to academic and practical discussions by comprehensively analysing current trends and future directions at the intersection of AI and Agile development.
  Keywords: ASD; Agile software development; machine learning in agile; automation in agile processes; NLP in agile; agile processes.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2025.10070594
   
  
• Multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem with payment periods to maximise the net present value: a case study  
  by Mahmoud DarvishNezhad, Seyed Farzad Hosseini, Hasan Zareei, Roya Soltani 
  Abstract: This paper proposes a multi-mode project scheduling model considering renewable resources, capital constraints, and discounted cash flows. By assigning different execution modes to the activities, the project’s net present value (NPV) is maximised based on various cash flow models. The research introduces three event-based cash flow models. In two of these models, cash payments are made at the beginning and end of the activity, respectively, while in the third model, payments occur at regular intervals from the start to the conclusion of the activities. A deterministic method, a heuristic method, and a metaheuristic genetic algorithm are developed to address the problem at hand. A case study examines projects from the Sarkhun and Qeshm Gas Refinery in Iran to implement the proposed models. Data from ten projects are analysed and tested in real dimensions. Computational results indicate that the metaheuristic method achieves a higher NPV compared to the heuristic method.
  Keywords: discounted cash flows; genetic algorithm; NPV; net present value; project scheduling.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2025.10071019
   
  
• M-Probability: a modified probability approach for multi-criteria decision making  
  by Do Duc Trung, Nguyen Van Thien, Hoang Tien Dung, Nazli Ersoy 
  Abstract: One of the prominent multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques utilised for ranking alternatives is the probability method. However, the probability method has limitations: it cannot be applied when the decision matrix includes a profit criterion with negative values for certain alternatives, or when the sum of this criterion’s values across all alternatives is zero. To address these limitations, this study introduces a modified version of the Probability method, called M-Probability. By altering certain formulas, M-probability overcomes the restrictions inherent in the original approach. The efficacy of M-Probability has been rigorously tested through comparisons with other MCDM methods across five case studies, analysing over 250 output scenarios through comparative and sensitivity analyses. The results consistently demonstrated that M-Probability achieves a high level of accuracy. M-Probability method represents a significant advancement, providing a more robust and accurate decision-making tool that effectively circumvents the shortcomings of the original method.
  Keywords: MCDM; multi-criteria decision making; probability method; M-Probability method; modified probability.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2025.10071492
   
  
• Impact of lean manufacturing viz. quality control tools on performance improvement of manufacturing industry: a case study  
  by Rajesh Kumar, Ashwini Kumar, Rajender Kumar 
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is to control quality of the falling and loose cover of rain tunnel light sensor (RTLS) of product in manufacturing organisation. QC tools including fishbone diagram has been prepare to analyse root cause of the problem, and preventive and corrective actions are taken to remove the problem. Rejection of the product was found out be 7 products per day. Cover was falling out of limits and root cause of the problem has been analysed to ascertain the benefits occurred. Major in-house rejection and customer complaints were there. Seven steps have been followed to remove the problem and achieving different benefits.
  Keywords: fishbone diagram; rejection; root cause analysis; RTLS; rain tunnel light sensor; quality tool; T-test; Why-why analysis; capacity planning.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2025.10071495
   
  
• An adapted agile approach for KPIs identification and process improvement: a COVID-19 case study  
  by Nesrine Missaoui, Emna Ammar, Asma Mejri, Khaoula Sayeb, Nadia Ben Lasfar, Wissem Hachfi, Amel Letaief, Amina Haouas, Oumaima Bhiri, Ahmed Maalel, Henda Hajjami Ben Ghezala, Sonia Ayachi Ghannouchi 
  Abstract: The paper presents an approach to enhancing business processes by bringing together agile methodologies, process improvement and key performance indicators (KPIs). The proposed approach simplifies the identification and measurement of KPIs within an agile framework, by presenting the way improvement can be carried out within agile projects and the role of artefact reuse in ensuring an effective and a continuous improvement of processes. Additionally, it addresses a gap in existing research by providing a comprehensive methodology for exploiting agility and process improvement initiatives. A case study conducted in a Tunisian public hospital, focusing on the treatment process for COVID-19 patients, demonstrates the applicability and effectiveness of the approach in facilitating the improvement of a process using KPIs and managing crisis situations using agile approach.
  Keywords: agile approach; process improvement; KPI; key performance indicator; process performance; artefact reuse; scrum method; COVID-19.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2025.10071496
   
  
• Does digital transformation enhance individual performance in public sector? Practitioners’ standpoint  
  by Suganthi Naikkar Subramaniam, Magiswary Dorasamy, C.A. Malarvizhi 
  Abstract: Digital transformation (DT) is a continuous process that involves businesses adapting their operations, products, and procedures to benefit from digital technology. The public sector is under pressure to quickly change to maintain its credibility, but this transformation has been hindered by factors such as slow response, bureaucracy, and financial constraints. This study aims to explore the challenges affecting individual performance in the digital transformation of the public sector from the perspective of practitioners. Interviews with various background personnel in the Malaysian public sector revealed that some of the challenges faced by practitioners include a lack of knowledge and skills, resistance to change, ineffective time management, lack of motivation, and a lack of a digital mindset. These challenges will be incorporated into the existing theory of employee dynamic capability to address the challenges faced by public sector employees in the digital transformation process and adopt a new working culture.
  Keywords: digital transformation; public sector; individual performance; practitioner; resistance; digital mindset; motivation; knowledge; skills; time management; employee dynamic capability.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2025.10071697
   
  
• Evaluating the role of customer relationships in mediating the relationship between social media marketing activities and purchase intention: an analysis of H&M in Indonesia  
  by Adelina Proboyo, Monica Joan, Isabella Anjani, Lianto  
  Abstract: Good social marketing activities will help companies to be more agile in response to the ever-changing digital landscape. This study investigates whether involvement in social media directly or indirectly relates to the likelihood of purchasing the products. The research also wants to analyse the mediating role of customer relationships. Specifically, our research focuses on the relationship between H&M’s Instagram activities and purchase intention, with a particular emphasis on its Instagram presence in Indonesia. The research utilised online questionnaires and analysed data from 116 participants using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Our findings indicate a significant association between social media marketing and customer relationships and a noteworthy relationship between customer relationships and purchase intention. Furthermore, we discovered that the relationship between social media marketing and purchase intention is indirect through customer relationships.
  Keywords: social media marketing; customer relationships; purchase intention; Agile; H&M; Instagram.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2025.10071843
   
  
• Trust in authorities and tax compliance to improve agility of Indonesian micro, small, and medium enterprises  
  by Yenni Mangoting, Vincent Nathaniel, Razana Juhaida Johari 
  Abstract: This study aims to determine whether tax awareness and knowledge can enhance the micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) taxpayers’ compliance in Indonesia; trust in authorities was also investigated as a moderating factor. Research respondents are individuals who own MSMEs. This research succeeded in collecting data from 136 MSMEs. However, only 102 data met the criteria for analysis. The study used the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach to analyse data. This study demonstrates that tax knowledge and awareness have a significant impact on tax compliance. The moderation test shows that taxpayer’s trust strengthens the influence of knowledge and awareness on taxpayer compliance. This research helps the government in formulating policies to improve trust-based tax compliance. So, it does not rely on sanctions and tax audits. Trust is also important because it influences knowledge and awareness, which can change MSMEs’ tax compliance behaviour.
  Keywords: MSMEs; micro; small; and medium enterprises; tax compliance; tax awareness; tax knowledge; trust in authorities.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJASM.2025.10071844