International Journal of Global Warming (9 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• Enhancing SWAT Model Performance for Climate Change Impact Studies in Watersheds with Missing Flow Data  
  by Abdulkadir Baycan, Gamze Tuncer Evcil, Osman Sönmez 
  Abstract: Hydrological models play a crucial role in assessing the impacts of climate change on water resources. This study evaluates the performance of single- and multi-site calibration approaches for the SWAT model in the Mudurnu River Basin, located in the Black Sea Region of Turkiye. The results indicate that both single- and multi-site calibration approaches yielded high model accuracy without significant differences in performance, providing 0.87, 0.87 R2, 0.87, 0.87 NSE, 3.6, 3.7 PBIAS, and 0.36, 0.36 RSR for validation, respectively. These findings suggest that single-site calibration at the basin outlet may be a practical alternative to multi-site calibration in small basins.
  Keywords: Climate change; SWAT model; hydrological calibration; missing flow data; water resource management.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGW.2026.10074046
   
  
• Construction of Urban Low-Carbon Development Model Based on Digital Economy: Local Practice to Resist Global Warming  
  by Rijie Cong, Xin Zhang 
  Abstract: As global warming intensifies, cities face the challenge of fragmented pathways for low-carbon transformation. This paper establishes a multi-source carbon data system to clarify governance roles. It integrates transportation, building, and energy data to construct a digital twin city model, dynamically simulating emission reduction policies. It also uses graph neural networks to reveal coupling relationships and combines blockchain with federated learning to achieve multi-sector collaborative governance. Experiments demonstrate a collaborative governance index of 8.40, a 100% compliance rate for key indicators, and a 5.7% prediction error, validating the advantages of systematic low-carbon governance.
  Keywords: Digital Economy; Urban Low-Carbon Development; Carbon Data Elementization; Digital Twin Modeling; Federated Governance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGW.2026.10074161
   
  
• Carbon Emission Accounting of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Disposal by means of Emission-Factor Approach  
  by Yanfeng Jiang, Fei Wang, Haibin Cui, Guojun Lv 
  Abstract: To deal with climate change, it is necessary to control the emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG), so allocation of carbon emission shares and carbon emission trading came into being. Combined with the actual operation of China's waste incineration power generation industry, this paper used the emission-factor approach to calculate all GHG emissions of power plants in detail. The results show that including the positive benefits from power generation, the net emissions from waste incineration disposal services were 84 667 tCO2e, which translated to 199.36 kgCO2e/t waste. Waste incineration reduced GHG emissions by 384.51 kgCO2e/t compared with traditional landfill treatment, indicating a good carbon emission reduction effect. This study clarifies all GHG sources within the accounting boundary, covers the details of each step of the calculation process, makes carbon emission data traceable, and promotes the participation of the waste incineration industry in the carbon trading market.
  Keywords: Municipal solid waste (MSW); Incineration disposal; Greenhouse gas (GHG); Carbon emission accounting; Emission-factor approach; Carbon trading.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGW.2026.10074206
   
  
• Identification The Impact of Climate Change on Extreme Weather Events in Indonesia Maritime Continent Using NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 Data  
  by Amalia Nurlatifah, Prawira Yudha Kombara, Aisya Nafiisyanti, Rahmawati Syahdiza, Haries Satyawardhana, Aulia Arip Rakhman, Finkan Rahma Yuditya, Latifa Hanum Zain, Rifda Amara Aulia, Khodja Ummi Medina, Aulia Rahma Effendi, Nurul Hidayati, Rehanda Umamil Hadi 
  Abstract: Global climate change challenges regions like the Indonesia Maritime Continent (IMC), where greenhouse gas emissions drive extreme weather. This study examines future changes in extreme rainfall using NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 data. Historical (19842014) and projected (20152060) data reveal that under high-emission scenarios (SSP58.5), consecutive dry days (CDD) may rise 15%, from 10 to 12 days annually by 2060. Very heavy precipitation days (R20mm) could increase by 25%, from 11 to 14 days. These trends pose dual risks: drought and heightened flooding. Adaptation strategies are critical to address threats to agriculture, infrastructure, and public health in vulnerable IMC areas.
  Keywords: Climate change; NEX-GDDP-CMIP6; Extreme rainfall; Consecutive Dry Days (CDD); Number of days with rainfall exceeding 20mm or more (R20mm).
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGW.2026.10074647
   
  
• Asymmetric Multifractality and Emission Efficiencies of CO2 Concentrations across some Countries  
  by Youshuai Feng, Yang Li 
  Abstract: This paper examines the asymmetric multifractality and emission efficiencies of CO2 concentrations in several countries. The results indicate that there are multifractal and asymmetric autocorrelations in CO2 concentration fluctuations across various countries. The autocorrelations of CO2 fluctuations in Russia exhibit distinct multifractal behaviours under different trends, while those in the remaining countries are all anti-persistent under different trends. Additionally, India has the highest degree of asymmetry in its CO2 concentration fluctuations. Furthermore, the study reveals that the UK has the lowest emission efficiency in terms of CO2 concentration, whereas Russia exhibits the highest.
  Keywords: CO2 concentration; Multifractality; Asymmetric; Efficiency.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGW.2026.10074700
   
  
• Algorithm for Mining the Relationship between Carbon Emissions and Financial Ecosystem under the Background of Climate Change  
  by Yan Hou, Shuling Yang 
  Abstract: To address the shortcomings of traditional mining algorithms in handling the non-stationary and high-dimensional nature of carbon finance data, this paper employs a PSO-FP-Growth algorithm. This algorithm uses PSO to adaptively search for optimal support and confidence, combined with an FP-tree to efficiently mine frequent itemsets. Through incremental updates and local fine-tuning, the algorithm avoids rebuilding the entire tree to accommodate time-varying data. Experiments show that the algorithm achieves a mining efficiency of 92.3% with an average confidence level of 0.78. Even in an 80-dimensional scenario, it maintains an efficiency of 85.7%, demonstrating high practicality
  Keywords: Carbon Emissions; Financial Ecosystem; Correlation Mining; PSO-FP-Growth Algorithm; Mining Efficiency.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGW.2026.10074883
   
  
• Effect of Stand Silvicultural Characteristics and Tree Growth on the Damages caused by Bark Beetles: a Case Study  
  by Elisavet Oikonomou, Gerasimos Thanasis, Marianthi Tsakaldimi, Petros Ganatsas 
  Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyse the structure of the beetle-attacked Pinus brutia forest stands in northern Greece, to determine the silvicultural characteristics and growth of the affected trees, to explore any correlation of infestation rates with above parameters, and then to suggest appropriate silvicultural treatments to prevent or mitigate such attacks. ?he results showed that the affected stands are pure, even-aged with relative high stem density, as a result of non-tending. Growth of the infected trees was satisfactory in the first 5-28 years, then it gradually decreases, and it is reduced after insect infestation. The reduction was found higher in the stands of high infestation rate (30-50% of the total number of trees), which are characterized by high tree density. Selection thinning and gradual conversion to mixed stands are suggested to increase stand resistance and promote tree vigor and forest health.
  Keywords: Reforestation; Turkish pine; stand structure; ennobling thinning; bark-eating insects.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGW.2026.10075155
   
  
• Electrochemical Performance of Polyaniline/ZnO Composite and Bilayer Electrodes for High-Power Supercapacitors  
  by Ayşe Evrim Bulgurcuoğlu  
  Abstract: This study investigates the electrochemical performance of polyaniline (PANI), zinc oxide (ZnO), and their bilayer and composite electrodes for supercapacitors. Cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and Ragone plot analyses were used to evaluate energy and power characteristics. PANI exhibits high energy density but limited stability, while ZnO maintains performance at high power densities. The PANI/ZnO bilayer shows moderate improvement; however, the PANI/ZnO composite achieves the highest energy density of 6.39 Wh kg1 at 0.27 W kg1 and retains nearly 100% capacitance after 1,500 cycles, demonstrating superior stability and efficiency
  Keywords: polyaniline (PANI); zinc oxide (ZnO); Bilayer; Supercapacitor.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGW.2026.10075662
   
  
• Double Materiality and SWOT Analysis: A Practical Framework for Environmental Impact and Sustainability Assessment  
  by Özlem Yurtsever, Mustafa Cem Çelik, Tanay Sidki Uyar 
  Abstract: Double materiality is becoming a necessity in sustainability reporting, as it is essential for aligning organisational strategies with ESG priorities. This study proposes a framework to embed SWOT analysis within sustainability reporting, focusing on double materiality. By positioning SWOT as a bridge, the framework enables a holistic evaluation of internal capabilities and external ESG-related risks and opportunities. It encourages periodic updates to question sets, supporting an evolving, stakeholder-inclusive process aligned with annual reporting cycles. This approach offers organisations a practical reference to develop transparent, credible, and adaptable sustainability disclosures, reinforcing their strategic decision-making and compliance with increasingly complex reporting standards.
  Keywords: SWOT Analysis; Sustainability Reporting; Double Materiality; Environmental Sustainability; Climate Change.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJGW.2026.10075747