Forthcoming Articles

International Journal of Private Law

International Journal of Private Law (IJPL)

Forthcoming articles have been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication but are pending final changes, are not yet published and may not appear here in their final order of publication until they are assigned to issues. Therefore, the content conforms to our standards but the presentation (e.g. typesetting and proof-reading) is not necessarily up to the Inderscience standard. Additionally, titles, authors, abstracts and keywords may change before publication. Articles will not be published until the final proofs are validated by their authors.

Forthcoming articles must be purchased for the purposes of research, teaching and private study only. These articles can be cited using the expression "in press". For example: Smith, J. (in press). Article Title. Journal Title.

Articles marked with this shopping trolley icon are available for purchase - click on the icon to send an email request to purchase.

Online First articles are also listed here. Online First articles are fully citeable, complete with a DOI. They can be cited, read, and downloaded. Online First articles are published as Open Access (OA) articles to make the latest research available as early as possible.

Open AccessArticles marked with this Open Access icon are Online First articles. They are freely available and openly accessible to all without any restriction except the ones stated in their respective CC licenses.

Register for our alerting service, which notifies you by email when new issues are published online.

International Journal of Private Law (One paper in press)

Regular Issues

  • Beyond informality: unmasking the money laundering potential of KOOTU schemes in Malaysia   Order a copy of this article
    by Kanagaraj Karunanithi, Ramalinggam Rajamanickam 
    Abstract: Kootu schemes are traditionally informal savings arrangements among small community groups, functioning without profit motives. While legal in non-commercial contexts, the Kootu Funds (Prohibition) Act 1971 prohibits schemes promoted for profit due to past abuses. This article explores how such schemes, despite their legitimate social roots, can be misused as channels for money laundering. Through a qualitative approach, it examines the cultural and social dynamics of Kootu schemes and analyses relevant case law to understand how illicit funds may be injected and legitimised within these informal networks. Their lack of formal contracts and regulatory oversight makes them vulnerable to exploitation, particularly for concealing the origins of unlawful earnings. The findings reveal that the informal nature of Kootu schemes creates significant challenges in tracing illicit financial flows. This article calls for stronger regulatory oversight and inter-agency cooperation to prevent the misuse of these schemes for unlawful financial activities.
    Keywords: Kootu; money laundering; illicit funds; exploitation; unlawful.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJPL.2026.10078080
     

 

Return to top