International Journal of Vehicle Design (7 papers in press)

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• This is a test paper, pleaseignore it
  by ReviewerV ReviewerC 
  Abstract: This is a test submission. Please ignore it
  Keywords: test test test test test test test test test test test test test test test test.
  
  
• Advancements in multi-source converters for electric vehicles: a comprehensive review and experimental analysis  
  by Siddhant Gudhe, Sanjeev Singh 
  Abstract: The integration of multiple energy storage systems in electric vehicles (EVs) presents a promising approach to optimising operational efficiency. This research addresses the critical challenge of enhancing EV drive system efficiency through the novel application of a multi-source converter (MSC) and a comprehensive battery management system (BMS). By linking two distinct DC energy sources directly to the traction motor and eliminating the need for a DC/DC boost converter, this approach significantly improves overall efficiency and aligns with sustainable trans-portation goals. The study analyses various MSC topologies for EV applications, emphasising their environmental benefits, bidirectional charging capabilities, and the dynamic control facilitated by the BMS. Field-oriented control with space vector modulation ensures harmonised operation of the traction motor. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink validate the bidirectional capabilities and efficiency improvements, while a scaled-down experimental setup demonstrates the dynamic behaviour of the traction motor powered by an MSC, underscoring its practical applicability.
  Keywords: MSC; multi-source converters; bidirectional power flow; electric vehicles;; neutral point clamped converter; single-phase on-board charger; SVPWM; space vector pulse width modulation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJVD.2025.10076338
   
  
• Stator and rotor temperature prediction for water-cooled electric vehicle motors based on BP neural network  
  by Yong Li, Keke Sheng, Xing Xu, Heping Ling 
  Abstract: In this paper, we propose a stator and rotor temperature prediction for water-cooled electric vehicle motor based on back propagation (BP) neural network. Firstly, a computational model of the PMSM is established based on the main parameters of the PMSM, and the PMSM losses are calculated and analyzed. Then, a three-dimensional field computational model of the PMSM is established, the temperature field simulation boundary conditions are solved, and the temperature field analysis is carried out. Moreover, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) verifies the accuracy of the one-dimensional thermal network model. Finally, the technique uses the one-dimensional thermal network model to construct a training set and builds the PMSM stator and rotor temperature prediction model based on BP neural network training. Compared with the CFD, the computation time of the model is greatly reduced while maintaining sufficient accuracy.
  Keywords: PMSM; permanent magnet synchronous motor; BP neural network; CFD; computational fluid dynamics; one-dimensional thermal network; temperature prediction.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJVD.2025.10076710
   
  
• Research on torque filtering control strategies and system optimisation in electric vehicles  
  by Kunjun Wang, Ye Xiao, Liang Wang 
  Abstract: With the rapid evolution of the electric vehicle (EV) industry, torque control has emerged as a critical aspect of EV technology, presenting unique challenges in achieving optimal vehicle performance and efficiency. This paper delves into the challenges of torque control in EVs, particularly during the critical transition phases between driving and braking. We introduce a novel torque filtering control method, meticulously designed to optimise torque rise and fall rates and implement effective torque zero-crossing management. This approach swiftly accommodates the drivers torque requests, while markedly diminishing the impact and noise caused by the reducer gear meshing when the driving and braking conditions switch to each other, thus elevating both vehicle comfort and safety. The methods efficacy was rigorously tested and validated under diverse conditions using a 10-metre pure electric bus, demonstrating notable improvements in vehicle stability and passenger comfort, especially in complex conditions. This research contributes a robust solution to torque control challenges in EVs, marking a significant stride in the technological evolution of electric mobility.
  Keywords: electric vehicles; torque control; torque filtering; control strategy; driving comfort.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJVD.2025.10077228
   
  
• Adaptive dynamic surface control for car-following tasks based on probabilistic prediction of preceding vehicles future motion states  
  by Jinghua Guo 
  Abstract: This paper proposes a novel adaptive dynamic surface control scheme for car-following tasks based on the probabilistic prediction of preceding vehicles future states. Firstly, the vehicle driving process in a short time is regarded as a discrete Markov chain, and the preceding vehicles potential speed and acceleration for the car-following control system are predicted for a preset prediction time horizon via the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique. Then, an adaptive dynamic surface control system for car-following tasks is constructed to handle with the characteristics of parametric uncertainties, external disturbances and nonlinearities of vehicles, in which the certain term is estimated by the fuzzy logic technique in real-time, and the stability of proposed adaptive car-following control system is proven by the Lyapunov theory. Finally, the performance of the proposed adaptive dynamic surface control scheme for car-following tasks is evaluated by the experimental tests, and the results show that the proposed control scheme can achieve preferable performance and high control precision.
  Keywords: intelligent vehicles; longitudinal dynamics; adaptive car following control; probabilistic prediction; uncertainties.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJVD.2026.10077354
   
  
• Research on MPC path tracking control based on adaptive adjustment of near and far preview distance  
  by Shaosong Li, Detao Li, Feizhang Feng, Kai Zhang, Xiaohui Lu, Gaojian Cui 
  Abstract: Path tracking capability is a pivotal element of intelligent vehicle motion control technology. This paper introduces an innovative path tracking control method, integrating near and far-point previews, to enhance path tracking precision and vehicle stability. Employing fuzzy rule design, an adaptive near-point preview model is developed, dynamically adjusting the near-point preview distance by considering vehicle speed, path deviation, and road curvature information. Building upon this foundation, a path tracking controller is crafted using model predictive control (MPC) to enhance adaptability and tracking performance to the path. Furthermore, the far-point preview distance is determined based on vehicle speed and dynamic characteristics, thereby establishing the desired longitudinal speed of the vehicle. Subsequently, closed-loop control of longitudinal velocity is implemented to bolster safety and traffic efficiency during path tracking. Ultimately, a collaborative simulation platform, merging Carsim and Matlab/Simulink, is established to authenticate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.
  Keywords: path tracking; adaptive preview; model predictive control; longitudinal speed control.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJVD.2025.10077355
   
  
• Simulation-based evaluation of speed-adaptive steering ratios in four-wheel steer-by-wire vehicles  
  by Samuel Sonnino, Stefano Melzi, Giacomo Mirra, Pietro Caresia, Alessandro Manzoni, Gianluca Vaini 
  Abstract: Vehicle handling requires a careful balance between agility at low speeds and stability at high speeds, a trade-off that traditional fixed-link steering systems struggle to address. Steer-by-wire (SBW) technology removes the mechanical connection between the steering wheel and wheels, enabling realtime, independent adaptation of the steering ratio at both front and rear axles. This work presents a preliminary simulation-based evaluation of a speedadaptive variable steering ratio strategy applied to both axles, aimed at improving handling under diverse conditions. Validation was performed through offline ISO standardised open-loop manoeuvres and driver-in-the-loop (DiL) simulations, providing early subjective insights. While results indicate potential improvements in manoeuvrability and stability, the current validation underscores the need for further research and broader experimental evaluation to confirm these findings. This study lays the groundwork for future investigations into optimising speedadaptive steering in Four-Wheel SBW systems.
  Keywords: SBW; steer-by-wire; four wheel steering; variable steering ratios; vehicle stability; driving simulator.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJVD.2025.10078073