International Journal of Systems, Control and Communications (10 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• A compressive study on discrete time sliding mode control with advances and applications  
  by Shaktikumar R. Shiledar, Gajanan M. Malwatkar 
  Abstract: In this paper, a compressive study on state space approach of discrete time sliding mode control (DTSMC) for various applications has been discussed. The design of the robust DTSMC reaching/sliding manifold is a key steps which is studied in this paper, and performance of each of the approaches have been included. The main aim of this paper is two folds, first, compressive studies of DTSMC reaching laws and control strategies are included. Second, advances in the development of DTSMC techniques are discussed. The reaching laws and control laws formulation as well as advantages and applications of DTSMC in various fields are also included. The comparative study and simulation of a typical system are carried out with prevalent DTSMC techniques and its modified laws to analysis the effect on system states and control signal.
  Keywords: discrete time sliding mode control; DTSMC; system states; control laws; advances and applications; sliding surface; simulation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSCC.2022.10047200
   
  
• An application to nonlinear networked systems using event-triggered sliding mode control  
  by Niharika Varshney, Lillie Dewan, Shashi Bhushan Singh 
  Abstract: The paper addresses an event-triggered sliding mode control (ET-SMC) scheme under external perturbances for the nonlinear networked system. An ET-SMC based on a property that confines the sliding trajectory within the sliding region is applied to the nonlinear networked system. The application of this strategy ensures closed-loop system stability and efficient usage of channel bandwidth and reduces data packet dropouts. A comparative analysis with an event-triggered H? control strategy was performed to determine the optimal strategy applicable to networked systems. The simulation results are used to generate the comparative analysis to state the efficacy of the ET-SMC over event-triggered H?. The nonlinear networked system’s stability is demonstrated theoretically and validated by simulation.
  Keywords: nonlinear system; event-triggered control; H? control; sliding mode control; closed loop system.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSCC.2022.10047779
   
  
• Pole-zero analysis of a model-free and a model-based tuning strategy for Maglev system  
  by Shradha Kishore 
  Abstract: This paper presents a different insight into stability analysis not only on the basis of steady state behaviour of the output response but also the transient state behaviour caused due to the re-distribution of the poles and zeroes of the system and the controller in the closed loop configuration by the chosen tuning technique. This work establishes a correlation between theoretical analysis and experimental response by pole-zero analysis and the impact of tuning techniques of a PID controller on Maglev system thus helping in better understanding of the designing and fabrication of the controller. The effectiveness of two popular industrial tuning techniques, one model-free and one model-based tuning strategy has been analysed on the basis shifting of the root locus due to the placement of the closed-loop poles and zeroes and the proximity of actual and desired dominant poles for this highly sensitive system.
  Keywords: pole-zero; PID controller; Maglev; model-free; model-based; root locus.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSCC.2022.10048148
   
  
• Metamaterial-based reconfigurable antenna  
  by Labiad Abdelhadi, Bouras Khedidja, Mouloud Bouzouad, Djamel Herbadji 
  Abstract: In this paper, a metamaterials based reconfigurable antenna is designed. The design consists of a conventional square (4.5 x 4.5 mm) patch antenna, it is surrounded by a controllable meta-surface. This surface will have metallic or dielectric behaviour, which leads to an effect on resonance frequency. The dimensions of the unit cell are smaller than the tenth of free-space wavelength. The cross-shaped metamaterials unit cell was chosen due to several reasons, it has a simple design, its response can be electronically controlled to switch between metallic and dielectric behaviour of the meta-surface. Its bi-dimensional structure allows it to print it on the same substrate of patch antenna. The antenna offers 20 resonant frequencies between 14.1 GHz and 20.8 GHz. The antenna presents a gain of 7.8 dB and a bandwidth slightly lower than 2%. The design can be useful for several wireless applications, e.g., for radar systems to overcome stealth techniques.
  Keywords: microstrip patch antenna; reconfigurable; metamaterial.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSCC.2022.10048346
   
  
• An era of new future wireless 5G technology and its aspects: a review  
  by Akhilesh Verma, Srinivasa Nallanthighal Raghava 
  Abstract: In this paper, various wireless technologies and methods to achieve 5G requirements and challenges have been studied. A surge in mobile data demand worldwide has more and more in demand to get speedy next-generation 5G mobile vices. The telecom industries are surprising because 5G is enough to restructure the previous wireless technology. It's not only escalating the speed of the network but the capacity of the network will also be enhanced too. This paper discussed a different type of works on 5G, which has been done by many researchers. Many modulation techniques used in 5G wireless technology are studied. The mm-wave and massive MIMO technology have drawn attention to implementing 5G wireless technology. The signal transmission is the main challenging task at mm-wave, which has been studied. The different security aspects applied to 5G are presented in this review.
  Keywords: 5G; IM; MIMO; MM-Wave; modulation; OFDM; QAM; security.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSCC.2022.10044268
   
  
• EnLiMax: a WSN-based energy efficient lifetime maximisation framework for potable water quality monitoring and reporting through optimised node deployment  
  by Moumita Ghosh, Rama Sushil, Kaushik Ghosh 
  Abstract: Potable water quality monitoring technique has been a prominent research area for quite some time. Water borne diseases take away many lives every year throughout the world, particularly in developing and underdeveloped nations. In this work, we have therefore proposed a WSN-based energy efficient lifetime maximisation (EnLiMax) framework, for potable water quality monitoring (WQM) in metropolitan cities. The proposed framework will monitor different parameters for potable water in the main supply reservoir by deploying sensor nodes. Any aberration from the predefined thresholds for the said parameters will be reported to multiple sinks, for necessary follow ups. In this paper we have also proposed a novel network parameter for node placement, called degree of proximity (DoP). It was found that at an optimum DoP value of 3, a network will record maximum lifetime when all other network parameters are unchanged. Here through the proposed framework, we have presented methods for monitoring both surface water and underwater. The lifetime of the proposed framework is compared with some other well-known protocols in WSN. The results have shown that the proposed method and framework recorded more lifetime as compared to some very well-known protocols like LEACH, TEEN, SEP and MoDLEACH.
  Keywords: water quality monitoring; WQM; wireless sensor network; WSN; network lifetime.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSCC.2021.10043376
   
  
• A responsive compressive sensing based channel estimation algorithm using curve fitting and machine learning  
  by Ami Munshi, Srija Unnikrishnan 
  Abstract: It is observed that compressive sensing based channel estimation in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system with more number of subcarriers can achieve a good reconstruction of transmitted signal at the receiver side even if the channel is very noisy. However, with increase in the number of subcarriers, peak to average power ratio (PAPR) also increases. In this paper, we propose a responsive compressive sensing based channel estimation algorithm which will estimate the minimum signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the channel when the pilot signal is transmitted based on parameters such as the number of subcarriers and the total number of channel coefficients needed to attain negligible bit error rate (BER). Once the minimum channel SNR is estimated, the algorithm will put forward the optimum number of subcarriers to be employed in the MIMO-OFDM system to optimally reconstruct the transmitted data at the receiver side.
  Keywords: channel estimation; bit error rate; BER; signal to noise ratio; SNR; MIMO; orthogonal frequency division multiplexing; OFDM; compressive sensing; sparsity; machine learning; random forest; peak to average power ratio; PAPR; least square channel estimation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSCC.2021.10043375
   
  
• Band-notched UWB antenna and analysis with C-shaped SRR for Wi-MAX/WLAN and satellite communications  
  by Aylapogu Pramod Kumar, Gurrala Kiran Kumar, Donga Madhu Sudan, Dhavaleswarapu Venkatachari 
  Abstract: A compact form of ultra-wideband antenna with C-shaped split ring resonator is proposed, it has a band-notched characteristics. This antenna consists of a rectangular patch with C-shaped split ring nature. The proposed antenna is resonating from 2.8-10 GHz with VSWR < 2. The circle fashioned slit is imprinted in the emit patch. The main principle of this work is to achieve higher gain for UBW frequencies range except the stop bands. At 3.6 GHz, 5.7 GHz and 8 GHz frequencies, the suggested antenna approximately exhibits the omni-directional emission pattern in the plane of H. In order to get the stable radiation pattern characteristics throughout the entire bandwidth, S₁₁ loss of the respective antenna should be less than -10 dB. The suggested antenna is successfully simulated and observed at various required specifications such as radiation pattern, S₁₁ loss, gain with the aid of HFSS software. We promised that the recommended antenna is suitable for Wi-MAX/WLAN and satellite applications.
  Keywords: ultra-wideband; UWB; gain; band-notched; VSWR; return loss; Wi-MAX.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSCC.2022.10044324
   
  
• H_∞ observer design for T-S fuzzy singular systems with time varying delay  
  by Oussama Esfouna, El Houssaine Tissir, Mohamed Ouahi 
  Abstract: The present paper focuses on the H_∞ observer design problem for T-S fuzzy singular systems with time-varying delay. The objective is to design a proportional derivative observer such that the dynamic observation error is stable and satisfies the H_∞ performance. The stability of the observation error system is obtained by implementing a new fuzzy Lyapunov-Krasovskii function. The conditions for the solvability of this problem are formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). At the end of this paper, some numerical examples are given to illustrate our approach and to show the less conservativeness with respect to some literature results.
  Keywords: singular system; observer; T-S fuzzy; delay; H_∞ norm.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSCC.2022.10047737
   
  

Special Issue on: GECOST 2021 Green Sustainable Technologies for Creating a Better World

• Global attention-based LSTM for noisy power quality disturbance classification  
  by Dar Hung Chiam, King Hann Lim, Kah Haw Law 
  Abstract: An increased dependency of digital control systems in the modern electrical network demand for a better quality of power signal. The occurrence of power quality disturbances (PQDs) in the network reduces the lifespan of power semiconductors and solid states switching devices. Global attention-based long short-term memory (LSTM) network is proposed to perform automatic time-series PQD detection and classification. Attention-based LSTM helps improve the noise immunity to extract salient features from noisy signal for PQD classification. The aim of this article is to analyse the performance of proposed attention-based LSTM under different noise conditions. Addictive white Gaussian noise is added to synthetic PQDs in different signal-to-noise ratio. These random generated noises are used to train and test the performance of proposed method, as well compared towards generic LSTM model. This work also shows the sensitivity of proposed method towards unknown noises that is not seen by the model during training phase.
  Keywords: power quality disturbances classification; global attention; long short-term memory; LSTM; machine learning; automatic feature extraction.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSCC.2022.10047305