International Journal of Public Sector Performance Management (204 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• Inter-agency implementation relations, trust and reforms in public administration in Kenya  
  by Gedion Onyango 
  Abstract: Governments often respond to accruing implementation blind-spots by further re-structuration of public bureaucracies. This mostly come with increased agencification and coordination primarily to enhance organizational efficacies and to produce trust for legitimation purposes. Accountability reforms, in particular, rarely address the related but intricate non-formal implementation processes, which also come with these efforts, mainly, organizational trust (or inter-institutional trust). This is despite mounting evidences on centrality of organizational trust in collaborative implementation processes of policy-reforms. Basing on qualitative data from Kenya, this paper explores production of organizational trust and its influence on the implementation environments for accountability reforms between oversight and governmental institutions. Data indicate that common difficulties in collaborative-implementation framework like fragile horizontal accountability-relations, misinterpretations of authority, obsession with control and autonomy, poor organizational-communication mechanisms, public trust deficits, poor internationalization and institutionalization, etc. also correspond to problematic of organizational trust. So, it is suggested that besides building public and inter-personnel trust, a policy-design should device steps that strengthen internal-accountability systems, enhance inter-organizational communication and justice systems. This should improve inter-agency trust and ease cultural-instrumental tensions typical in collaborative implementation relations.
  Keywords: organizational culture; organizational communication; anti-corruption reforms; collaborative public management; organizational trust.
  
  
• A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TACIT KNOWLEDGE IN INDIAN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS  
  by Mohnish Kumar 
  Abstract: The basic objective of this research paper is to comparatively analyze the prevalence of Tacit Knowledge in the Public and Private sector Knowledge Organizations as well as their differentiation among Power sector, IT sector and Other Infrastructure sector Knowledge Organizations and gender differentiation through a random sample of 204 Knowledge Workers from six Knowledge Organizations. Tacit Knowledge has been measured through the questionnaire given by Maier and Moseley (2003). There is a significant sectoral difference regarding Tacit Knowledge in the Public and Private sector Knowledge Organizations and the Private sector Knowledge Organizations have more Tacit Knowledge than the Public sector Knowledge Organizations. Apart from that, Tacit Knowledge in the IT sector organizations is significantly better than the Power sector organization. However, the Power sector organization shows similar traits like Other Infrastructure sector organizations in the area of Tacit Knowledge. There is a significant gender difference regarding Tacit Knowledge. The female Knowledge Workers perceive that there is significantly more Tacit Knowledge in their organizations than what the male Knowledge Workers perceive.
  Keywords: Tacit Knowledge; Knowledge Organization; Public sector; Private sector; Knowledge Worker; Knowledge Management.
  
  
• An Assessment on the factors affecting E-Banking adoption among customers: An Empirical investigation in West Bengal  
  by Rituparna Ghosh, Pranay Kumar Roy Barman 
  Abstract: Globalisation has revolutionised even daily life of common people and changed their ways of thinking from legal, social, cultural, economic and technological angles. With the progression of technology, merger of software applications with telephone and internet, ways of receiving, storing, transmitting and disseminating information has entirely changed and become much simpler and easier. An inevitable result of globalisation is that it leads to growth in the trustworthiness of the financial system which facilitates global competition. Such technological advancement has brought in numerous business opportunities across globe especially in banking sectors. Research in question examines the influencing factors in internet banking or e-banking present in West Bengal for retail bank customers. A sample of 400 customers using e-banking was selected randomly having accounts in public and private sector banks in West Bengal. For this investigation, the study has used five-point Likert scale to get primary data. The factors which were discerned to comprise the formation of the primary model were usefulness, easy use, self-efficiency, privacy and security, awareness and bank support. The study also provides directions for future research and recommendations toward resolving the problems facing e-banking adoption by customers of commercial banks in West Bengal.
  Keywords: e-banking; electronic banking; retail customers; factors affecting e-banking; adoption rate; service availability on e-banking.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10039835
   
  
• PARTICIPATORY BUDGETARY MODEL AND PERFORMANCE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS: AN INDONESIAN CASE  
  by Ernawaty Usman, Nurhayati Haris, Sugianto Sugianto, Sudirman Sudirman, Ni Wayan Rustiarini 
  Abstract: The aim of the study is to develop a participatory budgetary model to improve local government official\'s performance in Sigi, one of the local governments in Indonesia. This research is qualitative research by using a phenomenological approach to describe the phenomenon of participatory budgeting. The data of the study was collected from interviews with key financial and administrative officials in Sigi, document sources and observation. The studys results indicate that the participatory budgetary model has been useful to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and economic parameters relating to good public governance practice in the local government. The results also show three important elements that affect local government official\'s performance in participative budgeting practice in Sigi. These elements include: (1) the managerial paradigm used by the actors involved in budget formulation, (2) abilities and competencies of delegations representing the public at the development planning forum (Musrembang) and local parliamentary sessions, and (3) better commitment from local political parties and senior government officials in representing public aspiration in the budget formulation and development process.
  Keywords: local government; Indonesia; musrembang; participatory budget.
  
  
• Quantification System for Key Performance Indicators in R&D Projects  
  by Priti Bakhshi, Manisha Shukla, Ajit Singh, Sudeep Nayak 
  Abstract: It is difficult for research and development (R&D) organisations pertaining to the public sector mainly defence to get the desired output. To overcome this problem, an attempt is made to develop a quantification system for key performance indicators for R&D Projects. An exhaustive discussion on issues in project management was done by interacting with 82 scientists and ten principal investigators; conducting a detailed survey from scientists to analyse the issues and probable parameters foe evaluation; analysing auditors reports; analysing the performance of five years plan of R&D institute, etc. The developed flexi model has four heads input, process, output and outcome. There are 11 key performance indicators (KPI) under these four heads and each KPI is again divided into few parameters for which weights can be customised. Rubrics are defined to give a rating to each parameter to ensure fair evaluation of R&D projects. The developed flexi-model is applicable for any R&D organisation for measuring the projects performance.
  Keywords: R&D projects; project management; key performance indicators; KPIs; project evaluation; defence; performance management; project administration.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10034174
   
  
• Emotional Intelligence among female hotel employees and their impact On Job Performance.  
  by RuthSabina Francis, Thangasamy Milton 
  Abstract: The tourism industry globally is popular and to be the largest and fastest growing commercial segments globally, showing vast diversification and expansion. Being in the service industry one requires to hone interpersonal and intrapersonal skills for an uplifted service culture. Emotional intelligence is an interpersonal skill to handle others successfully by understanding the feelings of self and to be able to understand others feelings. The study aimed at studying the Emotional Intelligence scores among the hotel employees and their direct contribution to their job performance. Data from 343 hotel employees among the Kuala Lumpur were collected. Data was analyzed through AMOS and it was identified that female hotel employees exhibited higher emotional intelligence than the male employees. Results also indicated that Emotional intelligence significantly impacted employees job performance. Results indicated further implications and recommendations to the current human resources policies and strategies for the hotel industry.
  Keywords: Emotional Intelligence; Hospitality Industry; Job Performance; Human Resources Management.
  
  
• Have Social Vulnerability Cases been Considered in The Budgeting Process of Social Charity?: Evidence from Indonesia  
  by Mahameru Rosy Rochmatullah, Rudy Hartanto, Agung Nur Probohudono 
  Abstract: This paper explores the budgeting process of social charity and social vulnerability cases such as unemployment, illiteracy, the person with HIV/AIDS, and school dropout in Indonesia. More specifically, we view the government budgeting process of social charity in the realisation and allocation process. Employing a partial least square-path modelling (PLS-PM), our results revealed that the budgeting process of social charity had a positive correlation with the cases of social vulnerability, but the effect was weak. Besides, we reanalysed using the panel data regression-random effect model and the results confirmed that the weak effect between variables indicated was unrelated. Meanwhile, political and government interests reduce the benefits of the social charity budget in Indonesia. Finally, we conclude that political and government interests are a disturbing factor in the budgeting process of social charity, so the cases of social vulnerability become obscure. A more detailed explanation is in the discussion section.
  Keywords: social charity; social vulnerability; political interest; government interest; Indonesia.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10035193
   
  
• Municipal amalgamations and service delivery: the case of Kagisano-Molopo and Mangaung  
  by Godwin Dube, Paul Radikonyana 
  Abstract: Using a mixed-methods approach, this article assesses whether municipal boundary re determinations (i.e., amalgamations) resulted in improved service provision in two South African municipalities Kagisano-Molopo Local Municipality and Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality. Quantitative data on the municipalities financial performance and levels of service provision were obtained from National Treasury and the countrys statistical agency (Stats SA). In addition, interviews with key informants were conducted to probe issues around the challenges encountered during the transitional period. The results suggest that context is important. In Kagisano-Molopo, a rural municipality, service provision actually deteriorated in some areas after the merger. While Mangaung continued to provide services after the merger, the results indicate that the pace with which services were being provided was negatively affected. More importantly, there is a need to address issues of service provision that cannot be solved by amalgamations such as poor revenue collection, councillors who fail to provide effective oversight and corruption.
  Keywords: municipal amalgamation; municipal performance; mergers; service delivery; South Africa.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10056773
   
  
• Relevance and Sustainability of Public Enterprises in the African Economy of Today: The Case of Botswana  
  by Mokaloba Mokaloba, Thekiso Molokwane, Baakile Motshegwa 
  Abstract: At independence, the absence of economic activity and private sector within African countries gave rationale to the establishment of public enterprises. Botswana did not escape this trend and hence established public enterprises. The changing economic environment suitable more to private entities has cast doubts on the relevance and sustainability of most public enterprises. Using an intrepretivist and descriptive research, this study locates public enterprises in the new 21st century Botswana economy and as such attempts to establish their relevance and sustainability. This study posits that the economic environment in Botswana today has taken a shift from when the country was still newly independent. Public enterprises in Botswana have seen nominal change in any form and are increasingly becoming irrelevant and a financial burden. In their current form, these semi-government organisations are an economic drag and as such require reform if they are to be sustained for the future.
  Keywords: public enterprises; relevance; sustainability; Botswana; parastatals; state owned enterprises.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10038834
   
  
• GREEN TECHNOLOGY AS A MEANS TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE LIVING AND INITIATIVES TAKEN BY START UP FIRMS IN INDIA.  
  by Sarah Ahtesham 
  Abstract: Globalization has lead to technological advancements and vice versa. Such advancements also contribute towards industrialization and placing developments at the top gear. Lately we have realized the extent to which the environment quality is getting deteriorated, mostly as a resultant of over utilization of natural resources. Sustainability is a more talked about topic in any environmental conference today. The fact being realised is the that the key to a normal survival would be a change in our attitudes while not just talking about sustainability but also practicing it. One key aspect of practically implementing sustainability initiative would be Green Technology. Such technologies are characterized by green or clean way of operating that involves recycling, energy efficiency, renewability, health concern etc. This paper reviews green technology from view point of adaptability and makes an analysis of start up firms in India focussed on the idea of green technology as a means of operation and the benefits derived henceforth.
  Keywords: Environmental Protection; Green Production; Green Technology, Manufacturing; Start-ups; Sustainability.
  
  
• Burnout in the human service sector: Causes, consequences and sustainable remedial measures  
  by Md. Saidur Rahaman, Md. Mizanur Rahman, Syed Muhammod Ali Reza 
  Abstract: This paper's fundamental objective is to conduct a systematic literature review on burnout and sustainable coping mechanisms among human service sectors. Researchers have conducted an inclusive examination of 4592 studies from PubMed, Taylor & Francis, Science Direct, WoS, and Scopus. Organisational factors (working hours, workload, and relationship with co-workers, supervisor support, job time, insecurity, etc.) and individual factors (professional inefficiency, emotion, clients, the complexity of the task, and resources) are the major causes of burnout. It has significant adverse effects on both employees and organisations in the human service sector. Many symptoms, i.e., emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, and de-accomplishment, have been observed before experiencing emotional, behavioral, and physical burnout. Finally, both the individual and organisational effective measures can avoid burnout. The study's findings might work as a guideline for both employees and organisations to keep the level minimum or prevent burnout.
  Keywords: Burnout; Emotional exhaustion; Remedial measures; Service Sector Symptoms; and Workload.
  
  
• Evaluating the Efficiency of the Indian Airports using Fuzzy DEA Method  
  by D.P. Singh, Mukesh Pandey, Vipul Sharma 
  Abstract: Conventional DEA model has been extensively used for efficiency measurement of the airports, but it has an underlying assumption and limitation that input and output data are known with absolute precision. Addressing the above limitation and fulfilling the research gap, the current study develops and utilises the fuzzy-based data envelopment analysis (FDEA) model with the purpose to measure the airport efficiency precisely with the imprecise data. As Indian airport industry has entered into the realm of privatisation since 2000, the paper has undertaken performance measurement of both privatised and public airports to showcase their implications. The result obtained from the study has identified government owned small airports in combination with a single till regulation has turned out to be most efficient. The findings of the study highlight the managerial implications helpful to decision and policy makers of the airport industry. The paper also demonstrates that the FDEA model is a pragmatic tool for airport efficiency measurement.
  Keywords: airports; efficiency measurement; fuzzy data envelopment analysis; -cut level.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10041058
   
  
• Influence of Strategic Leadership on Organisational Performance in Hospitals  
  by Ashraf A'aqoulah 
  Abstract: In hospitals, the strategic leaders have a responsibility to meet the expanding needs for sustainability patients' demands. They also have a responsibility for aligning the entire hospital to success in the market place. The study aims to examine the influence of strategic leadership on organisational performance in private hospitals. This study used a cross-sectional design. It used a questionnaire to collect quantitative data from the participants. The study found that Jordanian private hospitals implement strategic leadership styles. Moreover, the study results showed that there is an organisational performance excellence in these hospitals. Based on the examination of the main hypothesis, the study also found that there is a statistically significant influence of strategic leadership styles on organisational performance in private hospitals. Strategic leadership is an effective and efficient style that leads private hospitals to excellent performance.
  Keywords: strategic leadership style; organisational performance; hospitals.
  
  
• The Whole-of-Government Approach to Public Policy Integration from the Ethiopian Experience:(Policy analysis with a comparative focus on selected public policies)  
  by Tewelde Gebresslase, S.P. Singh 
  Abstract: This paper analyzes the extent of public policy integration with a comparative focus on purposefully selected Social Protection, Agriculture, Education and Health policies of Ethiopia. To determine the extent of institutional integrations, the medium-term programs are part of this policy analysis. It uses the Whole-of-Government Approach (WGA) to analyze the joint impact of these public policies on promoting social protection interventions to address poverty, social vulnerability and inequality. The study observes clear policy gaps in identifying joint and achievable social protection oriented goals in both national and sector-based development programs. Public policies are supposed to connect means and ends in an integrated manner. But, the means public sectors and their development partners required to achieve the stated ends were not well-identified under these policies. These old public policies are expected to disseminate the latest evidence and timely reform to meet the public's ever-growing demand on the cross-cutting issues of livelihood security, healthcare, education, and social protection interventions.
  Keywords: Public Policy; Social Protection; Agriculture; Health; Education; WGA.
  
  
• RESULTS-BASED DEVELOPMENT PLANNING IN VIETNAM: THE IMPACT OF ADMINISTRATIVE LEADERSHIP  
  by Ha Pham, Evan Berman, Geoff Plimmer, Karl Löfgren 
  Abstract: Results-based planning (RBP) is increasingly used in national development planning to improve many social and economic outcomes. This article highlights the role of middle manager leadership in such processes. Based on empirical data from Vietnamese public organisations, this study finds that: 1) combined (full-range) leadership by mid-level public managers is key to RBP use and results; 2) resourcing, employee commitment and training, as well as top leader support further increase RBP use and results; 3) donor and top leaders support are only indirectly associated with RBP use and result, and we provide evidence on the perceived benefits of RBP-based national planning processes. This study identifies specific middle managers transformational, transactional and autocratic leadership practices in this development planning.
  Keywords: public performance; results-based planning; RBP; middle managers; vietnam; performance management; leadership; Vietnam.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10039085
   
  
• The Role of HRM Practices on Employee Performance, Engagement and Retention: A Case Study on Public-Oriented Tourism Start-ups  
  by Hassan Boudlaie, Mohammad Hosein Kenarroodi, Hannan Amoozad Mahdiraji, Vahid Jafari-Sadeghi 
  Abstract: Retaining employees is one of the challenges for start-ups, and employee engagement affects employee retention. The purpose of this study is to identify critical HRM practices of public-oriented start-ups in employee engagement that improve employee retention. The authors used a qualitative research method with the case study strategy. The research participants consisted of 5 managers and entrepreneurs from a start-up who were selected by non-probability purposive sampling. The data was obtained through interviews and analysed using thematic analysis. The result of using theme analysis method identified seven themes consisted of recruitment and selection practices in employee engagement, training and development practices in employee engagement, performance appraisal practices in employee engagement, compensation and reward practices in employee engagement, role description practices in employee engagement, working conditions practices in employee engagement, and employee relations practices in employee engagement. Because exploratory studies in the field of human resources in public-oriented start-ups are few and limited, therefore, this research is considered as a new work in terms of the application of case studies in public-oriented start-ups in the field of human resources and one of its distinctive results is that Employee engagement and studies in the field of start-ups can be very different from traditional businesses. The results highlight the importance of HRM practices in employee engagement, which improves employee retention in public-oriented start-ups.
  Keywords: Performance; Human Resource Management; Employee Engagement; Employee Retention; Public Oriented Tourism Start-ups.
  
  
• Better justice towards sustainability: the case of an accountable judicial institution in Italy  
  by Paolo Ricci, Pietro Pavone 
  Abstract: The aim of this paper is to examine accountability processes in the Italian judicial system, given the recent international stimuli for a better justice, in order to build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions. A qualitative method has been used: the case-study of a prosecution office has been considered, in order to examine the accountability process through the conceptual lens of public leadership. Such analysis focuses on the interaction between different institutional areas of the judicial sector and is carried out through the breakdown of the unitary process into its three logical moments: information, discussion and consequences. The research shows the role of leadership in judicial accountability and, in particular, its decisive function in building an adequate environment for the effective development of responsibility mechanisms. The study highlights some properties of leadership that facilitate the accountability of judicial offices, giving them a programmatic and shared framework. It adds evidence to the current debate about the opportunities of the sustainability agenda in the justice sector, which has so far received little attention from scholars. It also highlights the conditions for deepening the relationship between leadership and public value in a complex context, characterised by multiple relationships and levels of action.
  Keywords: sustainable development; judicial system; accountability; accountability environment; leadership; Italy.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10034492
   
  
• Performance of State Owned Enterprises in Botswana  
  by Thekiso Molokwane, Onwell Mberikunashe, Tinoda Ndiga 
  Abstract: The inability to establish a vibrant private sector after independence resulted in the Government of Botswana creating specialised agencies that were to not only focus on specific areas, but would also help in avoiding a bureaucratic system of administration and facilitate a close relationship between the government and the private sector. A trend visible in the history of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in Botswana however, is that a considerable number of these institutions have been retained in spite of their weak performance and high reliance on government. Such SOEs continue to operate under government subvention requiring substantial funding despite operating at a perennial loss. Literature demonstrates that productivity, efficiency and profitability of SOEs in Botswana are constantly interrogated by researchers with a view to providing critical analysis and recommendations to relevant authorities. The debate surrounding the performance of SOEs in Botswana remains contentious to date. Research on service provider-client nexus is scant hence this necessitates an assessment of SOE performance from this perspective. The methodological approach adopted by this study involves a literature survey under a qualitative, inductive and descriptive research design and case study strategy.
  Keywords: state-owned enterprises; SOEs; government; private sector; client nexus; corporate social responsibility; CSR; Botswana.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10038835
   
  
• Influence of Organizational Structure on Risk Management of Malaysian Construction Companies  
  by Manal Tagod, Adekunle Adeleke 
  Abstract: The construction sector plays a significant role in contributing to a countrys economy. But a very important aspect which has been overlooked over the years in project planning is risk assessment. This attitude has been leading to the poor performance and productivity of construction companies. This situation therefore, calls for an empirical search regarding the role that coercive pressure plays in the connection between the structure of an organisation and the management of risk among construction companies in Malaysia. As established in this studys model, data was gathered from 180 G7 contractors operating in Peninsular Malaysia, using a quantitative approach. One hundred and sixty-five copies of the questionnaire were returned and analysed. Smart PLS 3.2.8 was the analytical tool employed for the analysis of the data. The results revealed significant support of all hypotheses. The obtained results showed significant positive relationship between formalisation, centralisation and construction risk management. Similarly, the results indicated a significant positive relationship between coercive pressure and construction risk management. Furthermore, coercive pressure played a moderating role in the connection between formalisation, centralisation and management of risk. The study was investigated in Peninsular Malaysia. Future study may include other states such as Sabah and Sarawak.
  Keywords: organisational structure; construction risk management; CRM; coercive pressure; Malaysia.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10043224
   
  
• Using maturity models to identify quality and social factors as determinants of satisfaction and intention to adoption of e-Gov in State of Kuwait  
  by Hasan A. Abbas 
  Abstract: Many studies investigate the intention to use e-Gov, but few examine its satisfaction among citizens and how it is adopted in the Arabian Gulf. Especially, they do not examine the impact of social and cultural factors such as pulling strings. According to several studies, the output from the diverse field of information systems can achieve better results. This study extends the work on e-Gov by using the different applications of the theory of planned behavior and SERVQUAL to identify the most effective constructs for behavioral intention and satisfaction. This study proposes its own model to measure the effect of both satisfaction and behavioral intention to use e-Gov as dependent variables. Mainly, I test the factor of service quality and the two social factors of subjective norm and wasta to understand which carries the most influential effect on behavioral intention and satisfaction. The sample size is 414 and is 28.8% male and 71.2% female. A structured equation modeling (SEM) analysis shows the goodness of fit of the research model. I find that service quality has significant effects on both satisfaction and behavioral intention. The most influential effect on the users satisfaction to use Kuwaits official e-Gov is service quality (70%) and the most influential effect on behavioral intention is also service quality (55%).
  Keywords: e-Gov; Kuwait; Wasta; technology adoption theories; Intention to use; Service Quality; Subjective norm.
  
  
• Participatory processes and civil servants perceptions of change in public administration. A study from Lisbon  
  by Roberto Falanga 
  Abstract: In the last few decades, participatory processes have expanded across a wide array of policy domains. However, while scholarly production on the political and societal aspects of participatory policymaking has been abundant, little attention has been paid to the changes brought about in public administration. The article addresses this topic by discussing the findings about civil servants perceptions of change in the municipality of Lisbon. The study was conducted with 29 civil servants engaged in the management of four participatory processes between 2011 and 2012. The discourse analysis of the interviews allows for the identification of four main changes perceived by civil servants, which entail the combination of organisational models; the implementation of new institutional designs; the reconfiguration of political and administrative powers; and the definition of new goals of social justice.
  Keywords: participatory processes; civil servants; public administration; discourse analysis; Lisbon.
  
  
• Government Special Purpose Vehicles for Public-Private Partnerships: Stuck on the Slow Train in Khon Kaen City  
  by Sirisak Laochankham, Bruce Gilley, Peerasit Kamnuansilpa 
  Abstract: Although public-private partnerships have been touted as a strategy to expand infrastructure and service provision, they have yet to be widely used in developing countries, particularly in a country with a highly centralised government like Thailand. Capitalising on a national policy for the development of smart cities in Thailand, key business and community leaders in Khon Kaen worked to embrace the government special purpose vehicle (GSPV) concept in order to construct a light rail train (LRT). This study shows the potential as well as pitfalls of the GSPV model, which despite its promise has failed to hasten completion of the proposed Khon Kaen LRT. Recommendations and lessons learned for similar developing country contexts follow.
  Keywords: public-private partnerships; PPPs; private sector development; public services provision; infrastructure investment; development agencies; Khon Kaen model; Thailand.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10038755
   
  
• Impact of COVID-19 on personal financial planning: An empirical evidence from India  
  by Shelly , Mohammad Firoz, Neeraj Kaushik, Sandeep Singh 
  Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of COVID-19 on personal financial planning. It studied the changes in personal investment decisions before and during the COVID scenario. The research uses the data obtained by a survey having the sample from the Haryana (India) from the period of 1st April 2020 to 30th April 2020. Chi-square and multidimensional scaling are used to test the hypothesis. Findings indicate that no significant changes in personal financial planning were demonstrated during the COVID-19. The research confirms the factors responsible for the changes in investment decisions on this pandemic. The study will help the government to provide a stimulant to particular sectors in the form of direct assistance.
  Keywords: coronavirus; personal financial planning; COVID-19; investment decisions; sector preference; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10042285
   
  
• Assessing Local Government Transformational Leadership in Thailand  
  by Narong Kiettikunwong 
  Abstract: Local government organisations (LGOs) have powers and duties designated under the Thai constitution to manage public services. As a result, local government leaders (LGLs) play important role in supporting LGO performance. This research aims to determine the degree to which the transformational leadership model (TFL) outlined by Posner and Kouzes (1988) is reflected in the practices of LGLs in the recently created province of Nong Bua Lamphu, a newly created province in Northeast Thailand. A mixed methods approach was used to identify whether leadership practices outlined by Kouzes and Posner are in evidence among LGLs. Based on Kouzes and Posners leadership practices inventory (LPI), the results reveal that all LGLs in Nong Bua Lamphu exhibited characteristics of all five aspects of this model of leadership. The studys findings may be instructive in examinations of leadership practices elsewhere in Thailand and other developing countries, particularly among those pursuing decentralisation schemes.
  Keywords: change agents; local governance; transformational leadership; institutional performance; decentralisation; organisational behaviour; role conflict; employee thriving; organisational stress; leadership strategies.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10042115
   
  
• Achieving Excellence in Business Practices through Artificial Intelligence: A Case Study of the Dubai Public Sector  
  by Mounir El Khatib, Gouher Ahmed 
  Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is all over the globe seen as a means of smooth running of business and increasing operational efficiency and excellence of business organizations with least human interference. For example, robots may better do jobs and perform well than humans, and give better customer satisfaction. Government enterprises should also benefit from AI. Hence, this paper is an investigation of the impact of the recourse to AI or Intelligent machines on operational excellence in three public sector enterprises of the government of Dubai, namely, RTA, DEWA and DM in terms of costs, revenue, service delivery, grievance redressal, transaction time, and customer satisfaction. Significant improvements were come across in terms of all these operational excellence parameters in the sampled Dubai Government entities. Based on these results, extension of AI to all prime government organizations and services is suggested, through any employee re-allocation needed.
  Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Operational excellence; Public administration; Dubai; UAE.
  
  
• An empirical research into IPLs Brand Doppelg  
  by Gaurav Sood, J.K. Sharma 
  Abstract: Managing brand image and brand equity has been of paramount importance for marketers and researchers alike. There is a constant face-off between objectives brand custodians pursue and the reactionary customers perception of a brand. There is a constant hunger for better insights into brand management and corresponding tools and frameworks for reconciliatory platforms. The contrarian strands voiced by doppelg
  Keywords: brand; brand concept maps; brand image; brand doppelgänger image; brand association; Indian Premier League; IPL; actor-network theory.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2021.10039726
   
  
• A study on the role of Emotional Intelligence on Engagement of Public Sector Bank Employees  
  by NEERJA ANAND, Taranjeet Duggal, Eric Soreng 
  Abstract: Sustainability in this competitive world today is a daunting task for all employees. To attract and retain a committed and productive employee, is an issue which can be addressed through various reforms in organisations (Noe et al., 2008). The proposed study is an attempt to study the role played by emotional intelligence (EI) on employee engagement (EE) of banking sector employees. For the purpose of the study Wong and Law emotional intelligence scale (WLEIS) was used to measure emotional intelligence and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) to measure employee engagement. The data was analysed using AMOS 21 and the analyses yielded a good model fit establishing a positive but insignificant relationship between employee engagement and emotional intelligence.
  Keywords: employee engagement; emotional intelligence; commitment; productivity.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2021.10039479
   
  
• Implementing Knowledge Management at NCLIL An Action Research  
  by Sadish Babu N, Vishnukumar K, Shulagna Sarkar, Pragadeeswaran S 
  Abstract: Knowledge management is not new and has been existing for ages in organisations yet, the way it has been streamlined to the strategic needs of the organisation is varying. NLC India Limited (NLCIL) is a state owned enterprise (SOE) of India which has been in existence since 1956 and has faced numerous phases and development. The company has been facing the challenge of ageing workforce as well as capturing the knowledge and experience of the workforce who would be superannuating in next two- three years. Thus, there was a strong yearn for implementing knowledge management (KM) initiatives in the company. The paper shares the efforts of the organisation and adopts an action research model to describe the KM implementation at NLCIL. The paper also describes how KM is linked to the strategic goals of the organisation and attempts to explain the lessons learnt from the effort undertaken by NLCIL.
  Keywords: knowledge management; strategic KM; KM implementation; action research; knowledge gap; knowledge matrix.
  
  
• Weathering the COVID-19 Storm-How Government Policies affect SMEs in Armenia  
  by Mane Beglaryan 
  Abstract: The paper assesses the effectiveness of government policies in mitigating the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on small and medium-sized enterprises in Armenia. Primary and secondary data suggest that most enterprises have had significant revenue loss due to the crisis and applied for government assistance. Although almost a third of the surveyed SME owners/managers hold that government policy has been ineffective in mitigating the impact of the crisis, regression results suggest that government assistance has a significant positive effect on companies prospects for the future, with enterprises that benefited from assistance being more optimistic. These findings suggest that along with extending coverage of the programs that have been effective, public policy-makers in Armenia have to pursue forms of assistance, such as corporate income tax and social security contribution deferrals, that have not been implemented in the country but have been effective in mitigating the impact of the crisis internationally.
  Keywords: Armenia; COVID-19 pandemic; economic crisis; government policy; small and medium-sized enterprises; SMEs.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2021.10038791
   
  
• Financial Crisis, Board Composition and Performance of Indian SOEs  
  by Archana Goel 
  Abstract: Several authors have confirmed that the board of directors serve as the most crucial internal mechanism to enhance the performance of State-owned Enterprises (SOEs). As against this, prior studies argue that the board did not serve its objective of safeguarding the interests of the stakeholders equally and improving the performance of financial and non-financial companies in the crisis. The current economic downturn questions whether the composition of the SOEs board can effectively enhance their performance not only in the pre-crisis and crisis period but also in the post-crisis period. Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of board composition on the performance of 19 well-governed Indian SOEs for different periods, i.e. the pre-crisis (2001-2007), the crisis (2007-2009) and the post-crisis (2009-2019). Board composition variables include board size, executive directors, nominee directors and independent directors. The performance parameter of the study is Return on Assets. The results generated via fixed effect panel regression depict that during the financial crisis, SOEs with large boards, more nominee directors, less executive and independent directors performed better. Similarly, in the aftermath of the crisis, Indian SOEs with small boards, more nominee directors, less executive and independent directors have been found to perform better. The study has far - reaching implications for government and policymakers.
  Keywords: Financial Crisis; board composition; SOEs; Nominee directors; Independent directors.
  
  
• Balancing the tensions between the need for profit and worker welfare in government outsourced companies: a case of one KwaZulu-Natal provincial government department  
  by Zamazulu Mthembu, Oladimeji Ashade, Sybert Mutereko 
  Abstract: Outsourcing is adjudged to be service-effective and cost-saving contemporary human resource practice for both private and public organizations. However, the process is also perceived to be exploitative owing to the incessant complaints from the outsourced workers, particularly in the public sector. Using the theoretical lens of resource dependency theory, this study analyses the general condition of service of outsourced workers in a public department. The authors applied a mixed methodological approach for data gathering and analysis. Findings suggest that there were disparities that promote inequalities among the workforce at the KwaZulu Natal Provincial Department. The authors, therefore, argue that, beyond cost-effectiveness, human resource outsourcing policy needs to be reviewed to reduce the disaffections among categories of staff in the same organisation. The paper, in conclusion, advocates for labour policy review to address the plight of outsourced workers to lessen the inequalities in the public workplace and improve the welfare among categories of staff whether internally or externally sourced.
  Keywords: Dependency theory; HRM; Outsourcing; Outsourced workers; Employee satisfaction.
  
  
• Study on workplace issues affecting career progression of working women- A case of Indian Airlines Industry  
  by Priya Singh, Teena Saharan 
  Abstract: The study examines the influence of workplace issues on the career growth aspects of women in the Indian Airline industry. Women Workplace Culture Questionnaire (WWQ) and Career Growth Scale (CGS) were used to measure the relation between workplace issues and career progression of women in the Indian airline industry. The study includes the detailed analysis of 256 responses collected from women employees working at all hierarchy levels of the six major Indian civil airlines with the help of a structured questionnaire. A significant relationship has been noticed between the women workplace issues and career growth prospects. The study is expected to spawn future investigations that lead to the advancement of women in the airline division, participation of women at higher levels and gender equality is likely to improve by addressing the research issues in the airlines industry.
  Keywords: Women workplace issues; career growth; unfriendly HR policies; gender based discrimination; deterrent organizational support; discrimination; opportunities.
  
  
• Improving the Quality of the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget using Discourse Network Analysis  
  by Ihsan Dirgahayu, Bambang Supriyono, Tjahjanulin Domai, Choirul Saleh 
  Abstract: The purpose of this research is to analyze the implementation of coaching, supervision and evaluation of the provincial revenue and expenditure budget by the Ministry of Home Affairs. This research uses a qualitative approach to apply big data to the use of Discourse Network Analysis. Sources of data obtained are obtained from online news on related topics. Based on the results and discussion, it appears that the obstacles in the implementation of guidance, supervision and evaluation of the provincial APBD by the Ministry of Home Affairs are the discovery of news from the Minister of Finance. Inhibiting factors for the Role of the Ministry of Home Affairs in Improving the Quality of the Provincial Regional Expenditure Budget in Indonesia that has never been studied before. In addition, the use of these two types of data sources is also a new thing in this study.
  Keywords: Ministry of Home Affairs; DNA; quality; APBD; province.
  
  
• Product Knowledge as a moderator in improving health seeking behaviour among the Poor Enrolled in Social Health Insurance: The Case of Kerala  
  by Joby Joy 
  Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is an eye opener revealing the fact that no wealth can be created ignoring health. Undoubtedly, health systems and Universal Health Coverage (UHC) are gaining momentum to attain the Sustainable Development Goal 3. Efforts neglecting the marginalised sections of the society can lead to a situation of unsustainable development, as they bear the greatest health burden. Besides examining the effect of Social Health Insurance schemes (SHI) on access to healthcare in Kerala context, this study explores the moderating effect of product knowledge. The results revealed that the enrollment in SHI has a relationship with their health seeking behaviour. It can further be facilitated by enhancing knowledge about the schemes features. But access to healthcare is not completely attributable to mere enrollment in SHI or product knowledge. It is imperative to explore and address the design constraints of SHI towards the march to achieve UHC.
  Keywords: Universal Health Coverage; Healthcare Financing; Social Health Insurance; RSBY; CHIS; Health Seeking.
  
  
• Creating Public Value: A Partial Least Squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) for the Portuguese Armed Forces performance  
  by Paulo Gomes 
  Abstract: Considering the current challenges of the states, the current budgetary constraints, the rapid technological change, the need for survival, as well as improving public performance, new theoretical movements have emerged within a "new" public administration. Serving citizens as consumers or customers (New Public Management - NPM), a high Public Performance Management (Public Value Management - PVM) and enhance the citizens role in society (New Public Service - NPS), should be an integral part of the public policies. Nowadays, the citizens role is important for the current goal of the new public administration. In addition, more and more, public organizations are confronted to have a higher quality public service, optimizing their performance. The Portuguese Armed Forces, due to its ability to influence the environment, both external and internal, must also have high performance, through an adequate inputs, outputs, activities and outcomes management. But, its also important, to see how the citizens may improve the performance. This article analyzes the opinion of the citizens and militaries, regarding key elements to develop a Partial Least Squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) to Portuguese Armed Forces create public value.
  Keywords: Public Value Creation; Structural equation model; PLS-SEM; performance management; citizens; Public Management.
  
  
• The perspective of local authorities in fostering gender equality: a critical analysis  
  by Silvia Fissi, Elena Gori, Alberto Romolini 
  Abstract: Despite the EU efforts in spreading Gender Equality (GE), differences and inequalities persist. This article aims to contribute to the ongoing debate on local policies designed to disseminate GE, stimulating research on public disclosure. While the existing literature has primarily focused on EU policies or specific state initiatives, this study examines local policies for GE by analysing gender strategies and policies of Italian LAs. The content analysis has been based on the Habermas theoretical framework of communicative action. Results highlight diffused weaknesses and the necessity to put efforts in a more inclusive decision-making process.
  Keywords: gender equality; gender mainstreaming; communicative action; local authorities; Italy.
  
  
• Bureaucrats views of the Benefits of a Performance Management System in a South African Provincial Department  
  by LANGELIHLE MKHIZE, THOKOZANI I.A.N. NZIMAKWE, SYANDA ALPHEOUS MTHULI, Nikita Singh 
  Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to explore what Bureaucrats view as the benefits of the implementation of a Performance Management System (PMS) in their provincial department in South Africa. A qualitative research design informs the study, with the intention of obtaining the views of respondents, whilst adopting a phenomenological research strategy. Using a purposive sampling technique, the data was collected through interviews and thematically analysed. This study found that respondents viewed their PMS as beneficial in enhancing individual, team and departmental performance, ergo contributing to meeting its communitys needs. Its PMS also ensures Performance management legislative compliance, while enabling the Department to reach its goals. However, the style of leadership and the commitment of managers to performance management were seen as vital in ensuring the effectiveness of its PMS. The study fills a gap by pointing out that street-level and low-level bureaucrats viewed, or perceived benefits, of a PMS might be positive, but this does not always translate to better outcomes or the effective implementation of a PMS in a department. This indicates that the link between perceptions and practices are complex and can often be divorced from one another, especially in the formulation and implementation of PMSs in the country.
  Keywords: Street-Level Bureaucrats; Performance Management; Performance Management System; Performance Measurement System; Service Delivery.
  
  
• Vision and mission statements: What do governors of Indonesian provinces say?  
  by M.H. Thamrin, Nurhadi Susanto, Annada Nasyaya, Anang Dwi Santoso 
  Abstract: The statement of vision and mission becomes magic and sophisticated sentence. It contains general directions transformed into some strategic steps and policies for public organizations. There has been a collection of literature discussing the vision and mission statements and their implications for the direction of the higher education movement and the performance of business organizations. Meanwhile, for public organizations, such research is rarely found. This paper aims to fill this gap by analyzing the vision and mission statements of governors in Indonesia. A dataset of 33 vision and 34 mission statements was analyzed using a corpus-assisted discourse study (CADS). The results of the research showed that the vision and mission statements contain not only the direction of regional development but also populist words that aim to attract public attention. This has implications for confusion from development planning agencies to synchronize vision and mission statements into the direction of regional development contained in development planning documents both long and medium term. Therefore, we suggest that agencies that run the elections to set standards, thus, the vision and mission statements remain in line with the direction of regional development.
  Keywords: Vision and Mission Statement; Governor; Local Government; Indonesia; Vision; Mission.
  
  
• Open Innovation and Digital Government - Dynamic Capabilities and Digital Ideation Methods to Create Public Value  
  by Bernd W. Wirtz, Paul F. Langer 
  Abstract: While the open innovation concept has a significant impact on the innovation success of the private sector, public sector institutions still frequently miss the opportunity to benefit from outside experience, knowledge and creativity and become part of an innovation milieu. Especially against the background of the current development around increased reforms in the public sector after the corona pandemic, much hope is placed on innovative and digital public services. Based on a literature review of related concepts, this study offers a conceptual framework that presents an account of open innovation in public administration. It looks at the conditions that need to be in place in public organisations in order to benefit from the concept of open innovation, putting the concept of dynamic capabilities in particular into context. Furthermore, idea generation methods for public institutions are presented and it is shown how public value creation can be achieved through the use of digital tools.
  Keywords: open innovation; public administration; open government; citizen engagement; dynamic capabilities; organisational readiness.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2021.10041808
   
  
• Determinants of Effective Corporate Governance in Publicly-Owned Enterprises (POEs): An empirical study among Central POEs in Kosovo  
  by Hajdin Berisha, Fatma Asli EKMEKÇ 
  Abstract: Publicly-owned enterprises (POEs) are owned by the state but governed by a board of directors who oversee top management to protect owners interests. The concept of corporate governance provides the relationship among these parties to ensure successful direction and performance of enterprises. The objective of this study is to analyse the development of corporate governance framework among central POEs in Kosovo and examine factors that influence corporate governance practices among these enterprises. The study uses a structured questionnaire survey to collect data. To sample respondents, nonprobability-purposive and judgment sampling methods are employed. In total, 137 questionnaires are analysed, and institutional theory is adopted to interpret results. The study finds that corporate governance framework among POEs in the country is at an underdeveloped stage, influenced by frequent political interferences and existence of unprofessional boards. The findings suggest that to improve corporate governance practices, besides cautiously implementing the legal provisions, socio-cultural factors should also be considered.
  Keywords: corporate governance; publicly-owned enterprise; POE; transparency; institutional theory; Kosovo.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2023.10048250
   
  
• Empirical Analysis of Determinant Factors in Building the Innovation Capability of Public Officers in Indonesia  
  by Yumhi Yumhi, Mohamad Gunawan, Emanuel Michael Bayu Dirgantara, Elkana Timotius 
  Abstract: Government employees, as public officers, play an essential role in the development of a country through their services to society. However, monotonous and administrative routine work needs to be balanced with public officers' innovation capability to provide benefits and solutions to every problem in society. Therefore, this quantitative study was conducted with empirical analysis to determine the factors responsible for the development of public officers' innovation capability. The sample data consists of one hundred local public officers serving in Lebak Regency, Indonesia, with the descriptive analysis and inferential statistics used to examine the relationship between organisational, social, and human capital. Out of the 5 tested hypotheses, only 2 were accepted. The results showed that government institutions are promoted to consider human and organisational capitals as the main basis for increasing employees' innovation capability. Conversely, social capital harms human capital and innovation capability.
  Keywords: Organisational Capital; Social Capital; Human Capital; Innovation Capability; Public Officers.
  
  
• Examining the influence of demographic factors on the adoption of managerial innovations in local government  
  by Nataša Rup?i?, Mirjana Gr?i? Fabi?, Helga Pavli? Skender 
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is to elucidate the effect that managerial demographic attributes of age, gender, education and experience have on the adoption of managerial innovations in the local government. The results show that the selected demographic characteristics of chief administrative officers do not serve as an indicator of managerial innovation adoption in the local government. The findings also indicate that the development of the Croatian local government is presently not under significant influence of the New Public Management paradigm. Our findings confirm some earlier findings and offer new insights into the behaviour of local government from the managerial perspective. This paper also makes an important contribution to the understanding of the local government practices in Croatia. In that way, we have responded to the call to conduct research in other socio-cultural contexts, especially on the level of local government.
  Keywords: managerial innovations; local government; demographic factors; New Public Management; Croatia.
  
  
• Tax avoidance and firm growth: The moderating role of governance. Results from Amman Stock Exchange  
  by Jafer Sawalhah 
  Abstract: This study is concerned with whether tax avoidance (TA) is associated with higher firm growth (FG), and the Jordan market was targeted to determine whether consumption is supported or rebutted. Using a sample of 56 large non-financial firms trading in the Amman Stock Exchange, cross-sectional data for the year 2019 was collected and models were estimated. The results report that TA has a positive insignificant effect on market capitalisation and Tobins Q. They also indicate that the interaction term, TA
  Keywords: Tax avoidance; Firm growth; Tobin’ Q; Market capitalization; Governance; ASE.
  
  
• Management Accounting in Portuguese Local Governments: A New Paradigm  
  by Rita Silva, Maria Da Conceicao Da Marques 
  Abstract: The present essay seeks, from epistemological reflections and empirical results of several studies, to contribute to the discussion around the implementation of Management Accounting in Local Authorities. Based on this principle, we sought to find a proposal for standardising administrative procedures associated with the implementation of the Public Accounting Standard Management Accounting. Therefore, the objective of this essay is to develop a proposal to standardise administrative procedures associated with the implementation of Public Accounting Standard 27 - Management Accounting, in local authorities in order to contribute to the transition from management accounting to the System Accounting Standardization for Public Administration, is successful. The theoretical contribution of this essay is the introduction of modelling and optimisation of procedures, in the implementation of the Public Accounting Standard Management accounting, which will have direct effects on organisational practice, namely, in the production of useful information for decision making.
  Keywords: new public management; local government; management accounting; process modelling and optimisation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2021.10046868
   
  
• Public Servants Attitudes Toward Sustainable Citizen Participation: A Case Study from the Water Resources Agency in Taiwan  
  by Yinglee Tseng, Soyoung Park, Sungchan Kim 
  Abstract: The study aims to profoundly examine how the public administrators attitudes towards citizen participation (CP) could affect their decision on the implementation of a meaningful CP that would reciprocally impact on the public trust level, policy outcomes, and government performance. In order to do so, it presented a case study exercising long-term CP projects operated by a water resource agency in Taiwan to provide evidence that the officials attitudes toward CP could steer the CP quality to outcomes that could help improve public trust then accordingly achieve the policy goals. The major practical contribution of the research is that it provided much empirical narrative data showing the causal relationship between public servants attitude and an actual CP project through qualitative research that has not been examined from the past studies.
  Keywords: citizen participation; public servants’ attitude; water resource agency; environmental conflicts\r\n.
  
  
• Mandatory quarantine and self-protection attitudes in the COVID-19 pandemic: Experimental evidence from Vietnam  
  by Toan Luu Duc Huynh, Lam Hoang Viet Le 
  Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has had devastating effects on not only the economy but also public sector management. While the Vietnamese Government has applied stringent policies such as national lockdown, mandatory quarantine, etc. the understanding of their effectiveness is not answered yet. This paper studies the role of mandatory quarantine in the military area in Vietnam on predicting the protective attitudes of 165 Vietnamese people towards self-protection behaviours about the COVID-19 pandemic by using both methodologies, including survey and quasi-experiment, designed at the quarantine site. Our results show that people under mandatory quarantine are less likely to justify self-protection behaviours than those under self-quarantine. It means that people seem to be overconfident when perceiving the risk exposure in the mandatory quarantine area. The findings are helpful to the policymakers to propose sensible health to reduce the heuristics in human decision-making for managing COVID-19 and future pandemics from the public sector management.
  Keywords: quarantine; self-protection; COVID-19; Vietnam.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2021.10041960
   
  
• Personality traits and Emotional well-being: A study on the employees of educational sector  
  by Simran Kaur, Richa Sharma, Imran Ali 
  Abstract: In the fast paced age of digitalisation and automation, humans need to maintain a healthy and happy lifestyle in order to remain competitive. The emotional capacity of a person definitely has an impact on his health and well-being. This study aims to establish a relationship between the emotional well-being and personality traits of the employees working in educational institutions. It is a quantitative study where in results from previous researches are studied and primary data is collected from the respondents through a structured questionnaire. After careful study of the previous researches and theory, it was hypothesised that a positive correlation exists between the Big 5 personality traits and well-being. This study was carried out on approximately 180 employees of educational institutions in Delhi and the National Capital Region. Correlation and regression was used for the analysis of the responses. This paper mainly focuses on the personality characteristics and emotional well-being of employees.
  Keywords: emotional well-being; personality traits; conscientiousness; agreeableness; extroversion; openness to experience; neuroticism.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2021.10046390
   
  
• Analysing Five Components of the COSO Framework in Procurement Corruption Risk Prevention for Sustainable Public Organisational Performance  
  by Erlane K. Ghani, AZLEEN ILIAS, Nor Azrani Ahmad 
  Abstract: This study examined the effect of COSO framework on public procurement corruption risk prevention in a public organisation. Based on the 2013 COSO framework, this study examined five components namely, control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication and monitoring activities. This study utilised a questionnaire survey on 160 respondents from one public organisation in Malaysia. The results showed that two components, control environment and monitoring activities significantly impact the level of corruption cases. However, risk assessment, information and communication, and control activities have no significant influence on the level of corruption cases. These findings indicate that poor internal control can impact the level of corruption cases in the organisation. Therefore, the findings imply that the public organisation needs more attention to the importance of internal control and all the principles listed in the COSO framework are implemented effectively. The internal control of the public organisation needs further attention to ensure successful public procurement processes and sustain public organisational performance.
  Keywords: internal control; COSO framework; public procurement; ministry; procurement corruption; Malaysia.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2021.10053646
   
  
• Drivers of public service motivation during the crisis of COVID-19 in government-owned hospitality sector of India A Qualitative Study  
  by Santoshi Sengupta, Anand Verma, Ajay Saini 
  Abstract: In the crisis of COVID-19, the government-owned hospitality sector of India converted its hotels and guesthouses into quarantine centers, which demanded the employees to extend their services and perform even during the pandemic. This study aims to explore the drivers of motivation among these employees in the specific context of the crisis of COVID-19, Indian culture, and the hospitality sector through a qualitative study. We took semi-structured interviews of sixteen employees who served in government-owned hotels in India. Thematic analysis of the interview transcripts led to four main themes personality traits, intrinsic drivers, leadership, and professional identification, which extend the literature on public service motivation and its impact on performance during crisis. The study has both theoretical and practical implications for public sector organizations, especially in the hospitality sector for managing performance during crisis.
  Keywords: Public service motivation; crisis; performance; COVID-19; hotel employees.
  
  
• The impacts of government projects on the State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) Capital Structure and Performance  
  by Andriati Fitriningrum, Dessy Nuraini 
  Abstract: The paper aims to evaluate the impacts of government provision of public utilities and infrastructures projects on the publicly listed State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) capital structure and performance. The study follows a literature analysis regarding the government provision of public utilities and infrastructure for community carried by SOEs; and the capital structure theory emphasises on the internal and external funding resources. An empirical quantitative analysis is selected to examine the impacts of the government provision of public utilities and infrastructure projects on the Indonesia public listed construction SOEs capital structure and performance during period of 2009-2018. The study reveals that public utilities and infrastructure projects are the government and SOEs welfare creation which also becomes the tools for the government and SOEs to achieved social welfare functions and profit maximising goals, and to avoid potential lost that may occur from investing in these projects. This study contributes to the accounting and public policy study focusing on the areas of public sector accounting, corporate governance, and capital structure.
  Keywords: infrastructure; public utilities; state owned enterprises; capital structure.
  
  
• Assessment of an Automated Performance Management System in Public Sector Organisations  
  by Iveta Ludviga, Agita Kalvina, Katri Vintisa 
  Abstract: Performance management is regarded as one of central elements of public sector reforms which over the last decades are an ongoing phenomenon in OECD member states and worldwide. The purpose of this study is to measure the value of an automated performance management system in public sector organisations and to identify which components of the system create more value. For this, 3680 employees of public sector organisations in Latvia are surveyed. The results prove that respondents perceive the positive value of the performance management system for both: employees and organisations. Results of hierarchical regression analysis show that the information technology tool, fairness, and constructive feedback are the core value creating elements. This study offers empirical evidence on the value of an automated performance management system in public sector organisations and identifies the role of line managers in the successful implementation of the Performance Management System.
  Keywords: performance management; automated performance management system; public sector; performance appraisal; human resource management.
  
  
• Stakeholder analysis as tool for organisational learning in social services: does internal social capital play a role?  
  by Nataša Rup?i?, Matej Babšek 
  Abstract: This paper addresses the importance of stakeholder analysis as a tool for organisational learning in public organisations, with an emphasis on internal social capital as a facilitator of organisational change. In a case study of a Slovenian social service, the aim of the research was to determine if and to what extent social services conduct stakeholder analysis and use it in their organisational learning and what role internal social capital plays in this process. The results show that despite the fact that stakeholder analysis, organisational learning and internal social capital are present and well developed in the organisation, no significant relationship was found between these variables. The qualitative analysis revealed that the reason lies in the role and relationship with the ministry, on which the SWCs decision-making is heavily dependent. In this way, the paper identifies an important external impediment to organisational learning and change in a public organisation.
  Keywords: stakeholder analysis; social capital; organisational learning; public sector; social services; Slovenia.
  
  
• Co-production in Local Government: Case Studies in Improving Local Livelihoods in Kuching, Sarawak  
  by Siew King Ting, Brian Dollery, Tze Wee Lai 
  Abstract: Local government is often constrained by limited financial and human capital resources, especially in developing countries. As a result, co-production in local government has thus become an increasingly important means of economising on the costs of local service provision. Improving local livelihoods represents a significant form of local co-production in many developing countries, including Malaysia, in which various groups, including local governments, local community groups, committees and associations, and local residents work together to improve the local economy and enhance local community development. In local co-production projects of this kind, each group brings its own comparative advantages to work and contributes its expertise to the project. Using three case studies of local co-production undertaken by the Padawan Municipal Council and various community groups, we examine how co-production programs have improved livelihoods in the suburban areas of Kuching, Sarawak. Various policy implications are drawn from the case studies which are applicable elsewhere in Malaysia and in other countries.
  Keywords: Co-production; livelihoods; local communities; local government; Malaysia.
  
  
• Internal Audit Supervision, Legislative Monitoring, and Corruption: Evidence from Indonesian Local Governments  
  by Sutaryo Sutaryo, Salawati Sahari, Shaharudin Jakpar, Sophee Sulong Balia 
  Abstract: Following the rise of corruption issues in Indonesian local government, our study aims to examine the determinants of local government corruption from the internal audit and legislative monitoring. We use unbalanced panel data from 508 Indonesian local governments in 2010-2018 with 4530 observations. Our findings conclude that there is no significant improvement in corruption eradication in the Indonesian local government as the average number of cases has not experienced a significant decrease. We find that local government internal audit function capability, expertise and size negatively affects fraud. However, legislative political coalition and size are evidenced to influence local government corruption positively. Our study contributes to the development of literature, especially in Indonesia, by providing one of the earliest comprehensive studies investigating corruption determinants from monitoring factors. We also offer suggestions to Indonesia Financial and Development Supervisory Agency (BPKP) regarding local government internal auditor development and the public to be wise in selecting their representatives in the legislative board.
  Keywords: local government; corruption; monitoring; internal audit function characteristics; legislative characteristics.
  
  
• FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE AND ETHICS: EMPLOYING COMMITMENT TO PUBLIC VALUES AS A PROXY  
  by Palina Prysmakova, Michele Tantardini 
  Abstract: New public management (NPM) reforms reemphasised the importance of financial performance in the public sector. Debates following the introduction of these reforms have raised the question of compatibility of these business-like reforms and practices with more traditional public service values, including public service ethics. This article presents the results of an ordinary least square analysis that assessed the impact of these reform efforts in five municipalities in Poland on one outcome of interest commitment to public values (CPV) as a proxy measure for public service ethics. The study used data from the 2013 statistical and fiscal yearbook and an online survey administered in 2014 to measure employees level of public service motivation. The findings reveal no association between the proposed measures of financial performance and CPV, questioning the harmfulness of NPM reforms for public ethics previously suggested by the literature.
  Keywords: public service motivation; PSM; ethics; financial performance; local governments; Poland.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2022.10049417
   
  
• Impact of Accreditation Policy on Quality Assurance Activities of Public and Private Universities in Vietnam  
  by Nguyen Minh Ngoc, Vu Minh Hieu, Nguyen Hoang Tien, Le Doan Minh Duc 
  Abstract: The article compares the impact of accreditation policy on the quality assurance activities of public and private universities operating in Vietnam. The article also examines how different are accreditation policies of these groups of universities considering inherent advantages and disadvantages associated with their origin. Research is carried out based on a sample of 20 different universities scattered from Northern through Central to Southern area of the country. The article also suggests adding a third group of international universities to enrich and complement the overarching landscape of competition and cooperation, quality assurance and accreditation process of higher education institutions in Vietnam.
  Keywords: quality assurance; quality accreditation; public university; private university; Vietnam.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2022.10052573
   
  
• Quality of Scientific Research and World Ranking of Public and Private Universities in Vietnam  
  by Nguyen Minh Ngoc, Nguyen Hoang Tien 
  Abstract: This study investigates the issues related to the current state of quality of research and publication; their impacts on world rankings of universities in Vietnam. This is important as observing ongoing trend in higher educations competition and in accordance with its nature, creating new knowledge through research and publication seems to be the most essential criteria that position university in the rankings (Clarke, 2007; Salamzadeh et al., 2014). As a consequence, beside the literature review on the subject of research, this study applied multi-aspect comparative method to analyse ten best public and private universities in Vietnam (according to the latest national ranking). Their current state of research and publication quality is both subjectively and objectively (with reference to related works of other authors) examined to propose implications to enhance the quality of research and publication and, as the way to boost their position in the world regional and international rankings.
  Keywords: scientific research; world university ranking; Vietnamese university; Vietnam.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2022.10052542
   
  
• How Does Rent-Seeking Processes and Practices in Budget Corruption at the Local Government? Case Study in three Regions of Indonesia  
  by Bambang Irawan, Salahudin Salahudin, Paisal Akbar 
  Abstract: This paper aims to explain rent-seeking practices that have resulted in corruption in regional financial management in three regions of Indonesia. The qualitative method of content analysis is used to interpret the text of the Supreme Court decision document. The Nvivo 12 Plus software is used for text analysis and categorization to produce data visualizations to explain the process and practice of rent-seeking and to describe the role of rent-seekers. This research reveals that rent-seeking in Malang City is related to the bribery of parliamentary politicians by the Mayor and Bureaucratic Officials and involving entrepreneurs as a budget source for bribery. The practice of rent-seeking in these three regions takes political lobbying, manipulation, bribery, gratification, and collusion resulting in corruption in financial management and regional development projects.
  Keywords: Rent-seeking; corruption; regional budgets; bureaucratic officials; parliamentary politicians; political lobbying.
  
  
• Understanding Autonomy and Performance in the Public Sector: Lessons from Autonomous Public Hospitals in Pakistan  
  by Aneeqa Suhail, Trui Steen 
  Abstract: There is an increasing trend worldwide of granting autonomy to public hospitals to improve their performance. This trend is adopted in public hospitals in Pakistan as well. A comparative case study is conducted of three public hospitals in two provinces, Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). The study systematically compares multiple dimensions of autonomy in the three public hospitals including legal, structural, HR and financial autonomy as well as the perceived departmental and organisational performance. Besides documents, data are collected from top and middle management through semi-structured interviews and a survey questionnaire. The findings of the study highlight that the public hospital in KPK province has a higher level of autonomy on all dimensions studied compared to both hospitals in Punjab province. However, performance is perceived as high across the three hospitals suggesting that the linkage between autonomy and organisational performance is not straightforward. The article relies on perceptual measures that may be subject to the risk of socially desirable responses. Despite this limitation, the study provides implications for future research by raising the critical question if different levels and dimensions of autonomy have an effect on hospital performance. Practical implications are highlighted regarding hospital autonomy reforms.
  Keywords: hospital autonomy; performance; public hospitals; Pakistan.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2022.10047941
   
  
• The Impact of Leadership and Trust on Organisational Reputation in the public Sector of Jordan  
  by Shaker Aladwan, Sajeda Alshami 
  Abstract: This paper aims to identify the impact of leadership and trust on organizational reputation in Jordanian public sector organizations. A quantitative approach was adopted. 600 questionnaires were distributed to public employees who work in some Jordanian public sector organizations, and a total of 556 valid questionnaires were retrieved with a high response rate (92.7 %). The data analysis found a significant impact of leadership on organizational reputation in Jordanian public sector organizations, whereas there is no significant impact of trust on organizational reputation. despite the good level of employee trust in the current organizations, the trust variable has been left out of the statistical model of the study, and this means that there is a case of loss of trust between citizens and government in general, given that the employee is a part of the Jordanian society that affects and is affected by the political and economic events that it contains all of which factors that directly or indirectly affect the level of public trust. There are several managerial and theoretical implications for this paper including enhancement of organizational trust and proper leadership style in the public sector organizations, the current paper motivates the leaders in the public sector organizations to measure their organizational reputations.
  Keywords: organisational reputation; leadership; trust; excellence; public sector; Jordan.
  
  
• Measuring Financial Health of State-Owned Enterprises using Altmans Z Score Model  
  by Resham Kaur Bhambra, Sanjay Sawant Dessai 
  Abstract: Maintaining sound financial health is vital for the survival and growth of an enterprise. Unlike private enterprises, the state-owned enterprises being supported by the government do not face the menace of financial distress but their ill financial health causes a burden on the state budget. Thus, assessing their financial health will help in taking timely corrective measures. This study is an attempt to assess the financial health of the select state-owned enterprises in Goa using Altmans Z score model which is commonly applied in the private sector to assess the financial health and to predict financial distress. Ten years financial data of the select enterprises is analysed using descriptive statistics and the single factor ANOVA is used to test the hypotheses. Based on the analysis the units are classified into safe, caution and distress zone. Analysis of variance shows significant difference in the financial health of the select state-owned enterprises.
  Keywords: Altman Z score; bankruptcy prediction; financial distress; financial health; state-owned enterprises.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2022.10054260
   
  
• NATIONAL CADET CORPS AND ITS EFFECT ON DEVELOPING SOFT SKILLS AMONG CADETS OF TAMIL NADU, SOUTH INDIA  
  by Chinnaraj Elavarasan, Murugesan Selvam, Aidin Salamzadeh, Chinnadurai Kathiravan 
  Abstract: The National Cadet Corps (NCC), one of the largest uniform forces of India, impart training to the NCC cadets effectively, to be good and responsible citizens. Besides, NCC training also provides an excellent opportunity to develop leadership skills, communication skills, citizenship education, and various other required soft skills. This paper examines the soft skill level developed by the training program offered by the National Cadet Corps of South India. The sample for this study covered the cadets, belonging to 11 southern districts of Tamil Nadu, India. The information for this study was collected through a questionnaire, administered to a sample of 440 cadets. The present study investigated 25 soft skill qualities, grouped under five dimensions, among the sample cadets of NCC. It was found that the majority of NCC cadets developed soft skills satisfactorily.
  Keywords: Soft Skills; National Cadet Corps; NCC; Motivation; Leadership; Youth Organisation; National Integration; Employment qualities.
  
  
• Implementation of Administrative Evidence-Based Decision Making(A-EBDM) in Public Services: Case of Healthcare Sector in Jordan  
  by Anan Abuhummour 
  Abstract: This study answers what should count as good evidence to be used by public hospitals in the healthcare decision-making process. Furthermore, it answers why the Jordanian healthcare sector struggles with the implementation of A-EBDM. Using a quantitative design, 83 participants were purposely selected. The findings showed that the main source of evidence used by decision-makers in public hospitals is experiential knowledge, which ranks at the top for (2.44 mean, 1.4 standard deviations). The institutional-related barriers ranked at the top for (3.94 M, 0.31 SD), then process/individual and interdisciplinary-related barriers for (3.73 M, 0.8 M) respectively. It is found that the use of A-EBDM has statistically affected the healthcare decision-making process at ( 0.05). Moreover, there is no significant difference in the extent of the use of EBDM, and its barriers refer to years of experience among Jordanian healthcare decision-makers. Finally, it found that the combined barriers negatively impacted the implementation of A-EBDM in the healthcare sector at level ( 0.05).
  Keywords: administrative evidence-based decision-making; A-EBDM; evidence-based policy; implementation; barriers; public services; healthcare sector; public hospitals; public sector; Jordan.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2022.10055895
   
  
• Tale of Three Americas: A Cluster Analysis on State-to-State Variations in COVID-19 Vaccination Rates in the U.S.  
  by Yulong Li, Edward T. Vieira, Jr., Anthony D. Scotina 
  Abstract: Mass vaccination is one of the major response strategies of the U.S. government against the COVID-19 pandemic. The vaccination rates in the U.S. have however been behind those of other developed countries. This study attempts to examine the factors contributing to the variations in the COVID-19 vaccination rates among different U.S. states. Based on the results from a Two-Step Cluster analysis and a series of ANOVAs, vaccination rates are found to be related to governors political party affiliation, the frequency and sentiment level of governors direct tweets to the public, governments pandemic response policies, and state residents Big Five Personality Traits of Neuroticism, Openness and Extraversion. Practical recommendations were then proposed on how individual governmental jurisdictions could customize effective messaging and other tactics to persuade and facilitate their residents to receive COVID-19 vaccines.
  Keywords: vaccination hesitancy; social media; sentiment analysis; big five personality traits; communication strategy.
  
  
• Assessment of sustainable public debt in Vietnam  
  by Huong Le Thi Mai, Ngoc Nguyen Minh, Hung Tran Van, Long Nguyen Thi Chau, Thanh Le Thi Tuyet 
  Abstract: The research carried out in this article is based on secondary data collected from the Financial Statistics Yearbook issued by the Vietnam Minister of Finance. The authors use descriptive statistical methods to evaluate sustainability of Vietnams public debt in the current period. Research results show that although public debt in Vietnam is still within the allowable threshold, it tends to increase significantly in recent years. In particular, the public debt ratio in Vietnam is also quite high when compared to that of other ASEAN countries. This shows that a high level of public debt is potentially risky for the economy. On that basis, the authors also investigate the causes of high levels of public debt in Vietnam and propose a number of recommendations to contribute to reduce and control public debt in Vietnam.
  Keywords: sustainability; public debt; Vietnam.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2022.10056518
   
  
• The determinants of leadership styles in public sector of Bangladesh  
  by Thanh Huynh, Sadiya Jarin 
  Abstract: This study aims to investigate the determinants of leadership styles in the public sector of Bangladesh, with a particular emphasis on transformational and transactional leadership styles and their contributions to administrative unit performance. This research surveyed public servants from various organisations within the Bangladesh Civil Service (BCS). There is a significant positive correlation between job autonomy, challenging work, workload, and employee health and well-being and transformational and transactional leadership practises in the Bangladeshi public sector. It is discovered that when these two leadership styles are used effectively, organisational performance improves. The findings of this study indicate that organisations must alter their current practises and prioritise conscientiousness, appropriate justice, subordinate grooming, innovation, and social communication to foster greater leadership development and performance.
  Keywords: Transformational leadership; transactional leadership; public sectors; work conditions.
  
  
• Framework for performance evaluation of public sector enterprises A multi-criteria decision-making approach  
  by Resham Kaur Bhambra, SANJAY SAWANT DESSAI 
  Abstract: The performance evaluation system in an enterprise is essentially needed to ensure improvement in organisational efficiency and achieve better outcomes. Unlike private enterprises, performance evaluation in public sector enterprises is more challenging in pursuance of its contradictory multiple objectives having high stake and affecting multiple stakeholders. Their inefficiencies imply fiscal risks to the economy. Thus, it is imperative to explicitly structure a system to evaluate the performance of these enterprises. The present study contributes in this context with a proposed framework to evaluate overall performance of public sector enterprises based on multi-criteria decision-making approach (MCDM) with application of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) technique. The proposed framework integrates multiple criteria to develop a unified performance evaluation model. The developed model can be used as a tool to evaluate and improve the enterprise in the essential areas of its performance and thus enhance the objectivity of the performance evaluation system in public sector enterprises.
  Keywords: analytical hierarchy process; AHP; performance evaluation system; performance management; public sector enterprises; multi-criteria decision-making.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2024.10054263
   
  
• Smart Bus Management and Tracking System for Public Sectors  
  by Hari Narasimhan, Vigneshwari S, Reinhard Kenson 
  Abstract: In this transcending fast-paced world, time is one of the vital aspects of life. Management of the mentioned valuable time rather proves to be challenging nowadays. Out of all the challenges currently faced by our modern society, the embarking of busses, one of the major transportation facilities in the world, exemplifies one of the key challenges faced by people. This paper elucidates our prospective idea of redefining the concept of management and scheduling for boarding buses on a day-to-day basis. We propose an alternative system for managing, scheduling and designating vehicles with their real-time GPS data. We make this proposed concept possible with the help of smart-phones belonging to the Driver which transmits the location of the vehicles through the inbuilt GPS module present in it. This concept helps in substantiating the efficiency in scheduling and management of time for embarking buses in mundanely.
  Keywords: GPS; Smart bus; AVL; Mobile Application; Public Sector; Smart City.
  
  
• Factors Impacting State Tax Revenue in ASEAN Countries  
  by Le Thi Mai Huong, Tran Van Hung, Nguyen Thi Chau Long, Nguyen Hoang Tien, Le Doan Minh Duc 
  Abstract: The article aims to identify and assess the impact of factors on total tax revenue of ASEAN countries. It is important because tax revenue rate is of critical measure of state and government public performance. On the basis of secondary data sources collected from the World Bank and agencies in the period 20002019 of 10 ASEAN countries and using the GMM difference estimation method, the research result shows that the factors (variables) such as income per capita, trade openness, increased share in agriculture, political rights, and civic liberties have a positive effect on tax revenues. This results are consistent with the major findings of previous studies and suggest many governance implications for authorities in implementing policies to increase tax revenue in these countries.
  Keywords: factors; impact; tax revenue; ASEAN.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2025.10056379
   
  
• Job Content Plateau and Career Commitment: Double Mediation of intervening factors at Indian public sector  
  by Biswa Prakash Jena, Archana Choudhary, Manas Kumar Pal 
  Abstract: The job content plateau (JCP) has been connected with both employee turnover intentions and dysfunctional organisational outcomes. Those who perceive their jobs as routine demonstrate this condition. This study looks into the relationship between job content plateau and career commitment (CC). A conceptual framework has been established and empirically validated, taking into account the intervening elements like job crafting (JCF) and developmental idiosyncratic deals (DID) between JCP and CC. Based on position level, total years of experience, and educational level, survey data from executives across several public sector industries were gathered for this study. To evaluate the performance of the suggested model and test the hypothesis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) have been used. The study's findings demonstrated that JCF and DID mediate the conflict between JCP and CC and lessen the harmful effects of JCP.
  Keywords: Job content plateau; Career commitment; Job crafting; Developmental idiosyncratic deals.
  
  
• GOODS AND SERVICE TAX ON GARMENT INDUSTRY IN LUCKNOW: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS  
  by Supriya Srivastava, Himanshu Rastogi, Anupama Srivastava, Alpana Srivastava 
  Abstract: Goods and service tax (GST) has been implemented in India to improve the Indian tax systems transparency and consistency for better economic growth. GST Implementation in India has a lot of resentment among various stakeholders as the tax rates are under too-high slabs. This paper focuses on the garment traders in India as the textile and garments industry account for a 5% contribution in GDP. The research design is exploratory and in-depth interviews were conducted to critically examine the state of garment traders in Lucknow city of India in response to impact of GST on them. Primary data has been collected based on structured questionnaires. Findings suggest that there exists lack of awareness towards GST among the garment traders, benefit of the input tax credit is still not very apparent to them, hence government needs to work together more closely to develop legitimate ways to change traders opinions towards GST.
  Keywords: ST India; goods and service tax; GST; garment industry; VAT.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2022.10053879
   
  
• Opportunities and challenges for quality of human resource in public sector of Vietnams logistics industry  
  by Toan Tran Thanh, Hiep Phuoc Minh, Kiem Dinh, Tien Nguyen Hoang, Duc Le Doan Minh 
  Abstract: With increasing foreign trade activities, Vietnams logistics services are having conditions to expand regionally (Do, 2019). Within the past three years, Vietnam has climbed up three places, being in the top ten in terms of emerging market logistics index (WB, 2021). Vietnam has also a very favourable geographical position for building regional transhipment centres with a full warehouse, transportation, seaports and airports system. Besides, Vietnam will also become a new regional production centre, with a potential to boost exports and develop the economy on a large scale. Facing great opportunities to strongly develop logistics activities due to the process of global integration is parallel with many challenges regarding requirements of relevant human resources. Conducting a survey of 128 state-owned enterprises and 64public universities, this study will deeply analyse the current situation of human resource development in the logistics industry of the public sector to come to some interesting findings and conclusions.
  Keywords: human resource; logistics industry; public sector; Vietnam.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2025.10056383
   
  
• A FAIR Measurement of Governments` Social Media  
  by Brian Alafwan, Manahan Siallagan, Utomo Putro 
  Abstract: Governments consistently invest in new communication platforms based on citizen-driven principles, including social media. Consequently, their success must be measured to ensure that both the government and the citizens receive the value of the investment. However, measuring the success of governmental social media communication has generated debate among scholars. To address this, we develop a measurement framework by synthesising established metrics from prior studies using the PRISMA approach. From 13 eligible papers, we select four metrics, namely fans, activity, interactions, and responsiveness (FAIR), which respectively determine whether a government social media account can disseminate information to its citizens, how active the account is in communicating with its citizens daily, whether the content can engage citizens by providing information of public interest, and whether government administrators can improve democratic governance by promoting public-government dialogue and encouraging public feedback. Using comprehensive FAIR metrics, the success of the government's digital communication is measured from all aspects. Consequently, each governmental organisation is represented fairly.
  Keywords: social media measurement; digital government; digital communication; new media; public sector; PRISMA approach; systematic literature review.
  
  
• Public opinion mining from mainstream and social media for application in governmental decisions  
  by Nijole Maknickiene, Jelena Stankeviciene, Algirdas Maknickas, Viktoriyja Stasytyte, Alina Kvietkauskiene, Margarita Prokopovic 
  Abstract: The purpose of the article is to investigate the opinion mining of the population of country for the needs of government. The methodology for public opinion evaluation was based on a novel public opinion mining scheme. Text data analysis revealed that taxes and employee pay were central topics in social media discussions, while technological development was not. Sentiment analysis revealed that on social media, the most negative assessments were of economic and environmental policies, while the least negative comments concerned the topics of health care and renewable energy sources. Public opinion regarding government performance was assessed in separate categories using sentiment scores and the percentage of positive vs. negative references. The research results allow us to identify problems relevant to society and to see how they are reflected in social media. The results are useful for government and municipalities.
  Keywords: public opinion; social media; governmental decisions; textual analysis; sentiment analysis; govtech; big data; business intelligence.
  
  
• Politics of Public Policy and Challenges of Macro-Policy Formulation and Implementation: The Jordanian Experience  
  by Anan Abuhummour 
  Abstract: The primary objectives of the study were to assess the challenges within the Jordanian government and to find out to what extent these challenges have a bearing on the degree of success or failure in improving stakeholders' participation. And also, to evaluate the functioning of democracy and the effectiveness of bureaucracy in the Jordanian experience. A quantitative approach was found to be more befitting. By doing so, this study carried out a questionnaire that would later serve as a guide in data analysis and conclusion. 1,284 respondents were surveyed in three different geographic zones in Jordan. It found that official actors are the most influential in the policy process. The official players ranked first. It also found that public policy formulation and implementation take place with difficulty if not failure and are affected by bureaucratic-related challenges ranked at the top. Low commitment, competency of front-line implementers, and control of their behavior are the major challenges that impede the effectiveness of policy formulation and implementation in Jordan. The study discovered that the target beneficiaries are not participating in policy formulation and implementation; the results found that a significant effect of the challenges related to policy formulation and implementation on the effectiveness of Jordanian bureaucracy in formulating and implementing public policies in favor of both bureaucratic-related challenges and organizational-related challenges and with their null hypotheses as well. Lastly, bureaucratic-related challenges and organizational-related challenges with their null hypotheses have statistically affected the participation of policy stakeholders in the public policy
  Keywords: Politics; Policy; Public Policy; Macro-Policy; Bureaucratic-related Challenges; Organizational-related Challenge Formulation; Implementation; Stakeholders' Participation; Bureaucracy; Jordan.
  
  
• Financial failure prediction in Central Public Sector Enterprises using machine learning techniques  
  by Bhushan Pardeshi, Padmalochana Bisoyi, Pranita Burbure 
  Abstract: The paper contributes towards the in-depth understanding of the characteristics of the tools used to develop the prediction models and measure the efficiency of the model in prediction of financial failure. For the purpose of study, 27 Heavy, Medium & Light Engineering Central Public Sector Enterprises in India are selected. The study is evident as the escalating number of failures of the enterprises in India is forcing the decision makers to design the code of practice and new approaches to avoid probable failure. The factor Analysis reveals the degree of firm-specific endogenous factors in determining and/or explicating the failure. These variables were tested by using machine learning methods to predict and to prove the effectiveness of the method. The result of Support Vector Machine is 93.5 % and 96.3% in case of Random Forest. It is concluded that mostly improved performance model can only be established by informed assimilation of tools.
  Keywords: Central public sector enterprises; financial failure prediction; financial failure factor; machine learning; Support Vector Machine; Random Forest; financial failure; financial ratios; Heavy; Medium and Light Engineering Enterprises; factor analysis.
  
  
• The Adoption of Treasury Single Account Policy for Controlling Government Revenues in Ekiti State, Nigeria: A Qualitative Approach  
  by Zubir Azhar, Dayana Jalaludin, Isaac Taiwo 
  Abstract: The study exploring government financial policy, the Treasury Single Account (TSA) on the revenue generation in Nigerian public sector with perceptive to Ekiti State, at blocking leakages in government revenue and controls corrupt practices affecting government financial performance. Data collection was through qualitative method, semi structured interview was used as the instrument and review on the state financial documents, and data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Ekiti State has contributed positively to revenue drives of government in Nigeria. The unit analysis is the Accountant-General office, other office for broad data collection are the Ministry of Finance, Auditor-General, Board of Internal Revenue, and General Administration. The respondents are experienced public servants in TSA policy, and the study shown that the TSA policy has consolidated government revenues, reduced financial malpractices, enhanced accountability in the financial operations of public sector from year 2015, and thus improved government financial performance in Ekiti State Nigeria.
  Keywords: Public Sector; Revenue; Treasury Single Account; Accountability; Corruption; Ekiti State; and Nigeria.
  
  
• Determinant factors of using E-Payment system for obtaining public services: citizens’ perspective at time of sudden transforming toward social distance restrictions  
  by Sahem Nawafleh, Aseel Amawi 
  Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the determinant factors of using e-payment for obtaining governmental services: citizens’ perspective at time of sudden transforming toward social distance restrictions. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, a self-administered questionnaire was developed for data collection purposes. Conditional sampling was applied and a valid sample of 477 responses was deemed for analysis. Smart PLS was applied to complete data analysis, the proposed model scored R2 coefficient (44.5%), both perceived trust and perceived ease of use were non-significant predictors, meanwhile, perceived security, perceived interest and social norms and were significant predictors for users’ intentions. Following gathered findings, the study provided many practical and theoretical implications.
  Keywords: e-payment; public service; predictors; determinants; structural equation modelling SEM; Jordan.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2024.10054890
   
  
• Indonesian Air Force (IAF) Building Its Management Style: Prioritising the Triangulation of Adaptive Structuration, Organisational Commitment and Readiness  
  by Mujianto Mujianto, Sadu Wasistiono, Musa Hubeis, Tjahya Supriatna 
  Abstract: This study investigates how the Indonesian Air Force (IAF) manages its soldiers and civilians (military members) so they are always in an organisationally motivating achievement state, especially for their final objective of being combat-ready. Then, it observes the IAFs top executives and emphasises adaptive structuration, organisational commitment and readiness. Furthermore, this study reveals some distinctive argumentation explaining its novelties. First, this study shows that the IAF can strengthen its organisational integrality by adopting the philosophies of Swa Bhuwana Paksa and Sapta Marga. Second, it considers that the IAF should apply these theoretical concepts comprehensively to gain enhanced organisational beliefs, commitment and readiness. Third, this research demonstrates that the IAFs practices promise adequate certainty to develop the military members constructive morale for combat readiness through organisational commitment and readiness for change. Consequently, this ordered implementation reveals the construction of the army members cognitive behaviour and occupancy, individually and organisationally.
  Keywords: management style; adapative structuration; commitment; readiness; combat.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2024.10055262
   
  
• Effectiveness of Healthcare Providers Performance Improvement Interventions for Childhood Acute Respiratory Infection Management in Sub-Saharan Africa  
  by Echezona Udokanma, Ikedinachi Ogamba, Gideon Emeahara 
  Abstract: This study evaluated the effectiveness of interventions for healthcare providers performance (HCPP) improvement with a focus on childhood acute respiratory infections (ARIs) management in sub-Saharan Africa. Using a systematic and statistically supported analysis of literature, the eligible study designs were randomized and non-randomized studies with pre-post-test comparison, and outcomes of percentage and continuous measures of HCPP. The effect size was estimated using difference in difference and summarized as median effect size. Strategy implementation and context were evaluated using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) model. Twenty-one studies implemented seventeen HCPP improvement strategies. Among the hospital-based healthcare providers (HCPs), training, supervision and mhealth showed the largest effect (68.9%) whereas for community-based HCPs (CHWs), training, supervision, strengthening infrastructure, and HCP-directed financial incentives had the largest effect (60.05%). Strategies incorporating HCP-directed financial incentives were likely to have very large effect (60.0% and 51.2%). Only supervision (17.0%) and mhealth (-5.0%) were tested as standalone strategy and had high quality of evidence. Effectiveness of strategies for HCPP improvement varied in this study, however, it appears that multifaceted strategies could be more effective than standalone strategies.
  Keywords: Healthcare provider; performance improvement; ARI; children; interventions; effectiveness; sub-Saharan Africa.
  
  
• The Making of Superheroes: Factors to Identify and Develop Leaders Within the Fire Service  
  by Carina Fischer Decremer, Susan Stewart 
  Abstract: In response to the limited studies that pertain to leadership in the fire service, this literature review seeks to investigate the key factors of effective leadership in this public sector. Among the factors identified were individual traits, ideal behaviours, situational contexts that might shift leadership approaches, and social and emotional intelligence which includes communication and conflict management skills. From the research reviewed, a fire service leader profile was developed and described. In addition, a list of available valid and reliable commercial instruments is provided for consideration when fire organisations are identifying or assessing leaders. It is recommended that fire service organisations select the instrument(s) that best fit their values and their overall approach to performance management.
  Keywords: Fire Service; Leadership Development; Leader Profile; Leader Identification; Leadership Assessments.
  
  
• Project Management within the Greek Public Administration sector: Results of qualitative research in the framework of a Business Process Reengineering project  
  by Ioannis Raptis, Evi Tsolakou 
  Abstract: This paper aims provides original qualitative validation work on the current challenges within project management in the Greek Public Administration sector as part of an ongoing business process reengineering project. The qualitative research consisted of semi-structured interviews and a focus group, with material based on the published literature of Public Administration practices across the world. Findings were incorporated into the particular process reengineering project, with key outputs including business culture and understaffing. Further research is warranted to confirm these findings across further frameworks within the Greek Public Administration sector.
  Keywords: Greek Public Administration; project management PM² methodology; business process management; performance management; strategic change; semi-structured interview; focus group.
  
  
• Factors impacting human resource development in public companies: a case of Ho Chi Minh City Telecommunication  
  by Nguyen Minh Ngoc, Doan Hoang Hai, Le Doan Minh Duc, Doan Hoang Quan, Nguyen Hoang Tien, Dinh Hoang Anh Tuan 
  Abstract: Human resource is always considered as one of the key factors in creating the success of organisations, countries and territories, being the most important and active element deciding on productivity, quality, and effective use of other resources in the overall resources system. In the context of global business competition and international economic integration, human resource development is considered as the most important thing to improve the business competitiveness. For the telecommunication industry, human resource is even a decisive factor for the existence and development, because the number and the level of diversity of staff employed in enterprises is very large compared to that of other industries. This in-depth empirical study will help policymakers and managers better understand difficulties of human resource development practices in the telecommunication industry in order to issue adequate policies and to make sound business decisions to enhance both competitiveness and support sustainable development of enterprises.
  Keywords: human resource management; human resource development; competitiveness; sustainable development; telecommunication industry; HCMC.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2025.10055969
   
  
• Vietnam resources management policy due to global climate change  
  by Nguyen Minh Ngoc, Le Doan Minh Duc, Nguyen Hoang Tien, Nguyen Nhat Khanh Uyen, Dinh Hoang Anh Tuan, Vo Khac Truong Thanh 
  Abstract: In ASEAN, Vietnam is a nation that suffers the highest risk of calamity due to global climate change. Naturally, this has had so far a decisive impact on its national natural resources management policy and strategy. So far, very few studies have investigated the effectiveness of policy in this area despite the fact that global climate change is a rising concern for many policy-makers. Thus, the main purpose of this study is to examine how such policy will be adjusted facing different scenarios of global climate change. Secondary data were collected from both domestic and international sources to serve as an input for qualitative research for the purpose of formulating recommendations and solutions on how such natural resources management policy should be planned and implemented for the benefit of Vietnamese people and society; for the sake of Vietnams national interest; for the world sustainable development at large.
  Keywords: natural resources; resources management policy; forestry; agriculture; aquaculture; renewable energy; sustainability; global climate change; Vietnam.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2025.10055970
   
  
• Factors affecting the quality of relationship between private service providers and public institutions in Vietnam  
  by Dinh Hoang Anh Tuan, Pham Minh Tung, Nguyen Hoang Tien, Vo Khac Truong Thanh 
  Abstract: This paper investigated the factors that affect the quality of relationship between the private environmental management service providers and the public institutions based in Ho Chi Minh City. This paper has applied both qualitative and quantitative research methods engaging, amongst others, the exploratory factor analysis (EFA), the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the structural modelling (SEM). Based on the obtained research results, this paper has outlined some policy recommendations and governance implications for the government agencies and bodies as well as to put forward some managerial solutions for private environmental management service companies and public institutions in Ho Chi Minh City, the most dynamic city in Vietnam. Research results, related recommendations, implications and managerial solutions could also be generalised in a national scale.
  Keywords: relationship quality; environmental services; organisational performance; public institutions; Ho Chi Minh City; exploratory factor analysis; EFA; confirmatory factor analysis; CFA; Vietnam.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2025.10055971
   
  
• Assessing innovation capacity in public organisations: a new model and approach  
  by Nguyen Minh Ngoc, Nguyen Manh Quan, Le Doan Minh Duc, Nguyen Hoang Tien, Vo Khac Truong Thanh 
  Abstract: Sciences, both social and natural, require researchers continuous efforts to investigate and identify conceptual, theoretical, and methodical gaps to fill. That risks making the research findings just pieces of a complete picture and reduces its applicability in practice due to the variability between studies and experiments. The effort to find and use the most suitable research instrument in each of research project is hopeless. This paper introduces a new model or approach to investigate innovation capacity in public organisations. Instead of developing a new research instrument, authors establish a comprehensive one evolved from many others already pre-existed and developed. The application of this approach is illustrated via building innovation capacity assessment instruments for a variety of public organisations. The research in paper will contribute to the theoretical development and to the continuation of the research stream conducted by previous studies published in the International Journal of Public Sector Performance Management.
  Keywords: assessment; measuring tool; organisational learning; learning capacity; innovation capacity; innovation process; digital transformation; public organisations; modelling approach; Vietnam.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2025.10055976
   
  
• The Role of Leadership in Embedding Risk Management: Lessons from an Irish Public Sector Organisation  
  by Rosenary Ryan, Tom Egan, Peter C. Young, Richard Burke 
  Abstract: Efforts to implement risk management in the public sector have principally relied on emulating private sector practices, with a recent focus on implementing enterprise risk management (ERM). However, there is limited of evidence of this largely private enterprise approach being successfully transferred to public sector settings. This paper helps address this deficit by considering the practical matter of how risk management becomes embedded in a public organisation which is viewed as a change initiative. The approach used in a case study of an Irish public sector organisation is outlined and this involved collective leadership and a facilitation tool to drive the successful embedding of risks; firstly, through training and ongoing support, and secondly by directing and empowering the senior management team to prioritise risks requiring action. The paper concludes with observations on the key role of leadership in such an initiative which leads to several hypotheses for future research.
  Keywords: leadership; facilitation; collective leadership; embedding risk management; enterprise risk management; public sector organisation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2024.10056247
   
  
• The impact of audit committee on financial reporting quality: A case of Vietnam listed public companies  
  by Le Doan Minh Duc, Nguyen Hoang Tien 
  Abstract: The audit committee (AC) is a part of the organisational structure of a joint-stock company, directed at inspecting and monitoring its activities in order to enhance the truthfulness and fairness of financial statement information. The AC has just been legislated in Vietnam since 2021. Joint stock companies can choose a new structure with the AC or a traditional structure including a supervisory board. In this research we will find out whether the AC increases the quality of financial statement information. Secondary data including 255 observations from listed public companies with an established AC were collected. We carried out analysis and forecast using the binary logistic model. The results show that the AC has significantly improved the quality of financial statement information.
  Keywords: audit committee; joint-stock company; information quality; financial statement; binary logistic model.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2024.10056401
   
  

Special Issue on: NCEDTI 2019 Business and Government Policies and Frameworks

• Entrepreneurship Education in India: Practices, Challenges and Opportunities  
  by Yogesh Brahmankar, Vinod Shastri 
  Abstract: The purpose of this research is to study best practices in entrepreneurship education, challenges of entrepreneurship educators, educators viewpoint on entrepreneurship ecosystem and opportunities ahead. The study uses appreciative inquiry, a quasi-ethnographic approach to identify best practices, challenges and avenues for improvement in entrepreneurship education in India.The study highlights the best practices by some of the entrepreneurship educators on how they are nurturing ideas and motivating students to pursue the less preferred path of entrepreneurship. It also highlights the gaps in present academic pattern and entrepreneurship ecosystem in India with some recommendations on micro and macro aspects of entrepreneurship education. This study is useful for entrepreneurship educators and policy makers to improve the current scenario and contribute more effectively to the cause. The study would also be helpful for budding entrepreneurs, investors, institutes and entrepreneurship cells for further envisioning and executing their plans. rn
  Keywords: Entrepreneurship education; Entrepreneurship educators; start-up ecosystem; appreciative inquiry; entrepreneurial intention.
  
  
• India-foreign migration for job: An opinion of professional skilled youths of India  
  by Bhagwan Singh, Sachin Kumar, Sunita Yadav 
  Abstract: International migration for jobs is a rising phenomenon in India. Although the number of unskilled migrants from India to abroad has decreased, the number of skilled migrants is increasing every year. This increasing migration of skilled persons is leading to a brain drain in India. The policies, performance in governance, and some motivational factors like better job opportunities abroad may be the reasons for this increasing job-related migration. The study aims to test the factors of India-foreign migration by factor analysis. The factors are tested by using 210 responses collected via questionnaire survey from students of the Central University of Himachal Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh University in India using purposive convenient sampling. The study findings validate that India-foreign migration is affected by economic conditions, living conditions, job security & trends, and demographic profile. The secondary data is collected from annual reports of the Ministry of labour and employment, the Government of India, and various government as well as non-government organisations for skilled professionals going abroad. The study will help Indian firms or organisations to retain skilled professionals in India by fulfilling the gaps.
  Keywords: entrepreneurship; migration; professionally skilled youth; job trends; job security; living conditions; economic conditions; demographics.
  
  

Special Issue on: SIMSARC 2019 Futurology Moving towards Technologically Sustainable and Inclusive Growth

• Study of Factors affecting Customer Switching Behaviour in Telecom Industry.  
  by Sandeep Prabhu, Sahithi Priya Dabbiru, Aditya Katta 
  Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to understand predictive nature of consumer switching behaviour of telecom customers with specific reference to the telecom industry in India. Based on literature review and expert interviews; concepts and themes related to consumer switching behaviour and predictive nature of these concepts with churn are identified. A structured questionnaire based on the Likert scale is used to collect data from telecom customers. Confirmatory Factory Analysis (CFA) followed by validity and reliability analysis of constructs is carried out to develop research constructs. Then a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used to test predictive nature of various factors with churn behaviour of telecom customers. The study analyses predictive nature of service quality, customer satisfaction, social group impact and switching barriers on switching behaviour of telecom consumers. Understanding of this relationship is useful for the telecom industry in developing action plans for improving customer retention and increasing customer loyalty and reducing consumer churn. The relationship suggest that telecom companies should develop effective internal processes to improve service quality which in turn will improve customer satisfaction, further leading to reduced switching behaviour. The relationship also suggests companies to engage in consumer socialisation to improve social group impact to reduce switching barriers further leadingto arrest customer churn behaviour in the telecom industry. Considering major consumer churn in the Indian telecom industry observed in the past few years, this paper appraises knowledge in switching behaviour of telecom consumers.
  Keywords: customer switching behaviour; confirmatory factor analysis; structural equation modelling; customer switching costs; social group impact; customer satisfaction.
  
  

Special Issue on: The Shifting Goalposts - Disruption in Automation, Computational and Technology Management

• Life Skills as a Game Changer for Job Readiness and Sustainable Employment in Private and Public Sector Industries A Mixed Method Study  
  by Monika Bansal, Surbhi Kapur 
  Abstract: The uncertain world bordering on the indeterminate ushers new challenges today while the industry tries to sustain the existing and decipher the future. Towards that endeavour, it looks for adaptive agility, empathy, dedication, interpersonal sensitivity as prerequisites to excellence and as attributes in their recruits to handle work demands that arise in a tumultuous corporate environment. To assess the veracity of this requirement, the present study tries to explore the importance of life skills learnt at the school/college level for job readiness and job sustenance. It also aims to find out whether life skills become a key deciding factor at the final stage of the corporate selection process and their transferability from one area of action (school/college) to the arena of corporate selection process and finally to the area of action/implementation, the workplace. Additionally, it also provides a framework to prepare students for better alignment with changing industry.
  Keywords: life skills; employability; job readiness; job sustenance; mixed method study.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10044358
   
  
• Singapore Digital Transformation: A Study of Consumer Perception Towards Cashless Transactions  
  by Tong Xiang Yap, EASWARAMOORTHY RANGASWAMY 
  Abstract: The digitalisation of cashless payments methods has been moving at a very fast pace due to a very significant shift in consumer behaviours from offline to online through the internet penetration. The aim of the research is to investigate the consumers perception towards cashless transaction, and the consumer preference on transaction methods. It further examined awareness, trust and confidence, education and behaviours which are key elements in the transition to a fully cashless society. Primary data was collected from a sample size of two hundred respondents who are residents of Singapore and using of online survey questionnaire due COVID-19 circumstances. The study concluded that consumers had some understanding and positive perception and awareness towards cashless transactions. Majority of the consumers agreed that there was some level of effectiveness on consumer education on cashless transactions by the Singapore Government. Lastly, most consumers preferred cashless payment methods as compared to cash payment.
  Keywords: Singapore; digital transformation; consumer perception; cashless transactions.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2023.10051442
   
  
• SEGMENTATION OF M-WALLET USERS USING CLUSTER ANALYSIS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN DELHI NCR  
  by Rushina Singhi, Vivek Sancheti,, Vijit Chaturvedi, Kiran Jindal 
  Abstract: The government of India has launched a massive drive to make India a less cash economy. M-wallets play a crucial role to fulfil the objective. The objective of this study is to classify the m-wallet users using the cluster analysis and to analyse the differences between clusters based on satisfaction, engagement, and demographic characteristics. The cluster analysis results indicated that there are three segments based on users perception toward mwallets: optimistic, suspecting, and pessimistic. This will also help in enhancing risk management and ease of convenience based on segments classified it will help decision makers to make strategic decision. The findings show that the users with positive perception toward m-wallets exhibit higher levels of satisfaction and engagement. The findings of this study further indicate that there is an association between internet experience, internet usage, online shopping and perception of m-wallet users. The findings have implications based on perceptual context.
  Keywords: digital wallets; e-wallets; mobile wallets; m-wallets; digital payment systems; cluster analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2025.10055962
   
  
• An Investigation of Month of Year Effect in Indian Stock Markets.  
  by Vanitha Chawla, Manjula Shastri, Gireesh Chandra Tripathi 
  Abstract: The present paper examines the month of year effect in the Indian capital markets. For the purpose of the study the data of Nifty 50 and five sectoral indices namely, Nifty Bank, Nifty Financial Services, Nifty FMCG, Nifty IT and Nifty Services has been considered for a period of ten years from 2009 to 2019. The methods used to test the efficiency of the markets are OLS Regression and three volatility models. The volatility models considered for the present study are GARCH (1,1), TGARCH (1,1) and EGARCH (1,1). The results of the study indicate the presence of calendar effects in the Indian markets. The study found March effect to be significant in Nifty 50 and all the sectoral indices except for the IT sector where January effect is significant.
  Keywords: Keywords: Month of year; Volatility; Stock Markets; Calendar anomalies.
  
  
• A comparative analysis into the history and influence of Foreign Direct Investment in India and China  
  by Dhwanikta Sahani 
  Abstract: Foreign Direct Investment has become an increasingly important factor when comparing a political economys macroeconomic policies, economic growth and development. With globalization leading to a more consolidated international capital market, FDI stock figures are closely followed to define and adjust nations international relations and policies for interaction with the rest of the world. The fact that an economy is entrusted with foreign capital is made quantifiable by measuring and comparing respective FDI stocks making the foreign investment market a fiercely competed one. In this aggressive market, China and India have certainly emerged has the new hotspots for foreign investments categorically, while serving as driving economic forces in Asia and to an extent, the world. Recent decades have laid witness to the worlds two most populated countries, India and China, experiencing a significant degree of economic growth and geo-political change on route to becoming the two economic superpowers that they are today. Widely acknowledged is that Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) from foreign multinationals and large organizations has been a major attributor to the economic expansion of these two countries, introducing various new industrialized processes, technologies, employment opportunities, and a wealth of funding and resources to boost and grow the two nations economies and societal wellbeing.
  Keywords: FDI; Investment; India- China.
  
  
• What is behind cyberslacking? Investigating the effects of job stress and ethical climate at workplace  
  by Natasha Tageja, Deepika Mishra, Vijit Chaturvedi, Namita Rajput 
  Abstract: With increased internet and technology penetration into the lives of individuals, managers are faced with more cyberslacking tendencies among employees more than ever. The purpose of this study is to understand the likelihood of job stress in predicting cyberslacking among employees. It also aims to study ethical climate in buffering the effects of job stress on cyberslacking. Responses were collected from a sample of 272 employees working for three private IT sector firms working from home by way of structured questionnaire. Structural equation modelling technique was used to analyse causal relationships. Findings revealed that a positive relationship existed between job stress and cyberslacking, moreover ethical climate mitigated the direct effects created by job stress on cyberslacking tendencies among these employees. The study holds major implications for occupations wherein job stress is highly prevalent resulting in low productivity among its employees, for which cyberslacking may be a significant cause.
  Keywords: cyberslacking; ethical climate; unethical behaviour; job stress; coping theory.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2024.10056214
   
  
• Campaign Regulations as A Strategic Digitalisation Step of the General Election Commission, A Case Study in Bali, Indonesia  
  by Ni Wayan Widhiasthini, Nyoman Sri Subawa, Musta'in Musta'in 
  Abstract: This research focuses on social media as the dominant campaign selection method and gradually abandons traditional campaigns. It aims to propose a way to deconstruct campaign regulations to meet the existing reality, namely the emphasis on the use of technology and digitalisation. This research used a qualitative method, which was conducted through interviews, observations, document studies, and the determination of informants is carried out by purposive sampling. It was found the formation of new public management practices in the implementation of government organisational policies. The realisation of good governance was done through the involvement of the government, the private sector, and civil society in campaign activities. The practical impact was to enable government agencies to adapt to the dynamics of the society in making regulations. The value of the novelty of the research is innovation in regulations, especially the use of social media as the implementation of campaign guidelines.
  Keywords: public policy; community participation; campaign development; digitalisation; election and voting; Indonesia.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2021.10042578
   
  
• Determinants of Indonesia's local government system acceptance  
  by Artika Arista 
  Abstract: There is a need for skilled and experienced human resources in an organisation. It is necessary to perform a performance appraisal to determine the effectiveness of their work. A performance appraisal system is already implemented to evaluate the performance of teachers, principals, and teachers who are given additional tasks, which can provide instructions for developing the teaching profession, principals, and teachers who are given additional tasks objectively. This research aims to adopt the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2 (UTAUT2) using moderating variables such as age, gender, and experience to evaluate teacher acceptance of the performance appraisal system. The partial least square structural equation model (PLS-SEM) applies to models and investigates the data using the assistance of SmartPLS 4 software. Empirical study results indicate that all tested variables with moderating variables impact behavioural intention (BI) to use the system. According to the findings, it is better to focus on improving the systems ease of use and reducing the systems flow complexity to improve its adoption.
  Keywords: UTAUT2; PLS-SEM; SmartPLS; local government system; Indonesia.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2022.10052553
   
  
• An empirical study on benefits and challenges associated with recent Indian government initiative for Women from Bottom of Pyramid on Clean cooking Fuel  
  by Renuka Mahajan, Renuka Mahajan, Richa Misra, Richa Misra, Anupama Rajesh, Anupama Rajesh 
  Abstract: The government of India introduced various schemes for the upliftment of weaker sections of the society particularly women from the lower strata. The Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) was launched to provide free of cost liquefied petroleum gas connections to the women living below the poverty line. After the cylinders were disbursed, though the penetration of LPG has significantly improved, however it was anticipated, that the povertystricken people will use LPG minimally, as they were believed to be reluctant to give up cooking on their cheaper but hazardous traditional fuels. The study includes a door to door survey to assess the effectiveness of PMUY scheme and to identify the current barrier towards the sustained use of LPG. Since PMUY was considered to be an ambitious and large scale initiative, the learnings along the way would assist in devising the corrective course of action.
  Keywords: rural; Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana; PMUY; below poverty line; BPL; gas cylinder.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10034740
   
  
• The Impact of Social Media Influencers on Consumer Buying Intention: A Study of Aceh, Indonesia  
  by EASWARAMOORTHY RANGASWAMY, Gebri Rizkyanovli 
  Abstract: The level of internet penetration continues to escalate the competitiveness in markets by providing multiple venues for consumers to absorbs new information. social media influencers (SMIs) become a critical source of information as opinion leaders that shape consumer behaviour towards the information they share online. This phenomenon is growing rapidly in Aceh, a region in the western part of Indonesia. This study aims to investigate behaviours of Aceh consumers to identify the aspects of social media influencers that have a significant role in consumers behavioural intention. It measured the SMI attractiveness and trustworthiness that contributes to entrenching SMI credibility and attractiveness. Responses from 112 participants from local consumers were obtained through survey questionnaire as the study instrument. The result of the study draws conclusion that credibility and attractiveness of influencers bolster consumer purchase intent and trustworthiness. Recommendations are provided on how to effectively utilise SMIs to optimise marketing activities effectiveness.
  Keywords: social media influencers; SMIs; consumer buying intention; opinion leaders; consumer behaviour; purchase intent; social media.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2023.10047229
   
  
• Brewery and Echo Boomers in Indias Silicon Valley: A Sentiment Analysis  
  by Jacob Alexander, Siddharth Misra, Mooon Paiithannkar 
  Abstract: This paper examines millennial, a consumer segment in their consumption pattern of brewed beer and thereby strategies and measures adopted by breweries to engage and retain millennial. It is essential to understand the background of the study with a specific emphasis on mushrooming breweries in India. The city of Bangalore was preferred because of its diverse working population and the mushrooming business of brewery. The choice of the experts for this survey was based on the interest of the managers and owners and their intention to increase their business, so the researchers approached 68 brewery owners and managers, purposively. Sentiment analysis was done based on qualitative inputs from the owners and managers. Therefore, the study is a novel contribution towards the sustainability of a business that triggers a new thought and platform for socialising.
  Keywords: brewery; echo boomers; sentiment analysis; sustainable business; socialising; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2021.10044170
   
  

Special Issue on: ENBPGCI 2019 Emergence of New Business Practices for Growth, Competitiveness and Innovation

• Evaluation of India Action Plan for Prevention of Pneumonia and Diarrhoea - A Diarrhoea Management Program in Bihar, India  
  by Kirti Udayai, Balgopal Singh, Piyush Kumar 
  Abstract: Globally, with nearly 1.5 billion episodes of diarrhoea per year, 1.52.5 million children succumb to untimely death, before the 5th summer of their existence. Magnitude of the leading cause of paediatric morbidity and mortality in India is indicated by a whopping 3 lakhs deaths per year. Government of India and National Health Mission launched the India Action Plan for Prevention of Pneumonia and Diarrhoea (IAPPD). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of IAPPD in context of awareness and right practises among caregivers of children suffering from diarrhoea. This study used a structured questionnaire, administered to 737 households selected using cluster multi stage sampling. The findings suggest that the implementation of IAPPD has lead to improvement of overall diarrhoea management practices in the districts; hence programs should scale up in other districts of Bihar. Conversion of awareness into right practise is the need of an hour for further control and prevention.
  Keywords: IAPPD; diarrhoea; evaluation; Bihar; awareness; treatment; protection; prevention; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10035741
   
  
• Econometric Investigation of the Relationship of Return on Assets with the Capital Adequacy and Leverage Ratios in Banking System of Turkey  
  by Furkan Yildirim 
  Abstract: In this study, the relationship of the return on assets in the banking system with capital adequacy ratio and leverage ratio in Turkey was investigated. The goal of the econometric analysis of the short- and long-term relationship between 20012018 was aimed. Econometric analysis of the short and the long-term relationship between 20012018 was performed. In the study, ADF and PP tests were used for the unit root test of the series. By using the Johansen-Juselius test as a cointegration test, the long-term relationship between variables was investigated. The vector error correction model was used to determine the short-term effect. As a result of the study, it was observed that capital adequacy and leverage ratios had an effect on the return on assets of the Turkish banking sector.
  Keywords: return on assets; ROAs; capital adequacy ratio; leverage ratio; banking sector; Turkey.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10049416
   
  
• Concept and Dimensions of Employee Development and Talent Development: Distinctions and Similarities  
  by Parvati Agrahari 
  Abstract: Nowadays, two approaches, employee development and talent development concepts, are interchangeably used by the researchers of human resource development. So in this study, these two concepts are thoroughly discussed through an exhaustive literature review to identify whether they are similar or if not then what the difference between them. To compare them, concepts and dimensions are trying to identify of both the approaches of development. The study also exemplifies that, how these words are used interchangeably in articles. With the help of keywords taken from concept and dimensions, the two terms are distinguished from each other. At last, a comparative analysis has been presented in a table form for easy understanding the similarities and differences. Based on the literature review, it can be said that talent development is an updated concept of employee development concept; a personalised development concept. The practices used in talent development are person-specific.
  Keywords: employee development; talent development; difference; similarities.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10042553
   
  
• Effect of Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, Customer Trust, and Security on Customer Loyalty with Respect to Virtual Organization  
  by Brahmmanand Sharma 
  Abstract: The main purpose of this research study is to examine the relationships with the effects of service quality, customer satisfaction, trust and security on customer loyalty with respect to virtual organization. This study collected data from 227 e-shopper in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, primarily e-shoppers, using questionnaires with a seven-point Likert scale. Multivariate linear regression is used to analyse the collected data. The findings indicate that aspects of independent variable service quality, trust, and security have a positive correlation with customer loyalty. Service security and trust have the greatest impact on these determinants. This means that virtual organization can better satisfy their customers by improving the quality of their services by ensuring their security and trust. Additionally, customer satisfaction and loyalty are strongly and positively correlated. That means, if customers are highly satisfied with services of virtual retailer, not only they will give additional business to the virtual retailer, but will also recommend it to others also which means that customers are more likely to remain loyal to virtual retailer as customer will be more delighted with services of virtual retailer.
  Keywords: Virtual Retailer; Customer Loyalty; Customer Satisfaction; Service Quality; Customer Trust and Customer Security.
  
  
• Determinants of trust on social networking sites and its impact on purchase intention through the mediation effect of customer experience  
  by Bhuvanesh Kumar Sharma, Pooja Jain, Omvir Gautam, Sunil Mishra 
  Abstract: Trust is one of the critical elements, when customer refers to social media for online shopping. In this way, the purpose behind this research is to build up the trust on social networking sites and its impact on online shopping intention. The research is also determining the mediation effect of customer experience on online purchase intention. A theoretical model developed which specifies the relationship between criterion and predictor variables a total of 642 samples selected from the respondents pursuing a management degree from various b-schools of India. The study concluded that perceived privacy, perceived security, perceived value, and perceived risk established as antecedents of online trust on social media. Online trust significantly affects online purchase intention and the effect mediated with customer experience from online shopping. This research contributes to the academics and industry in better understanding the online buying behaviour of consumers when they buy products through social media.
  Keywords: social networking sites; SNSs; online shopping; online trust; perceived privacy; perceived security; purchase intention.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10034582
   
  
• Does Perceived Corporate Social Responsibility Improve Customer engagement? - An Empirical Evidence from Indian Banks  
  by T.Praveen Kumar, M. Kirupa Priyadarsini, K.Soundara Pandiyan 
  Abstract: Recent years, banks are trying to embed their corporate social responsibility (CSR) and societal outreach initiatives into their strategic process to improve their competitive advantage and performance. A previous study reveals that CSR initiatives and efforts of the banks will likely to positively influence the customers attitudes toward that bank and generate favourable behavioural outcomes. This study will provide a deeper investigation of whether the perceived CSR discriminate against the customer engagement level in the bank. This paper attempts to measure the discriminating power of CSR towards customer engagement. Maignan and Ferrells (2004) scale was used to ascertain the corporate social responsibility, and for measuring customer engagement, the Gallop scale (2001) was used. Primary data was collected through a simple random sampling technique from 612 customers across different banks. The discriminant analysis was carried out to find out the discriminating power of CSR towards customer engagement. Discriminating function model results exactly predicting customer engagement level based on the CSR initiatives. The findings are supportive and helpful for the banks in formulating effective CRM Strategy to satisfy and engage their customer at a high level through effectively articulated CSR plans and policies.
  Keywords: corporate social responsibility; CSR; relationship; discrimination; customer engagement.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10038969
   
  

Special Issue on: Digital Innovation, Artificial Intelligence and Economic Productivity Theoretical, Applied and Methodological Case Issues

• Work sharing as a metric and productivity indicator for administrative workflows  
  by Charles Roberto Telles 
  Abstract: Defining administrative workflow events as a nonlinear dynamics that assume a random ordered or disordered growth rate of information processing, a method has been proposed for identifying productivity at large-scale administrative work systems. Defining those systems as a hybrid structure (continuous or discrete variables), the iterated and attracting fixed-point events that constitute the administrative work activities can present asymptotic convergence for all possible metric space solutions. The system modelling from the Lyapunov exponential stability point of view allows the projection of system performance to be oriented, based on collective behaviour phenomena, that is, in other words, the relationship between the number of agents (human resources) and the number of administrative works (workloads) within an administrative workflow hybrid environment. This method can roughly and steadily reveal the definition of productivity and asymptotic stability as a state of endosectorial (among internal sector agents) and exosectorial (among external sector agents) work sharing effect.
  Keywords: public administration; mathematical modelling; nonlinear systems; public policy; emergent phenomena; stability; collective phenomena.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2022.10035734
   
  
• A comparative analysis of technical efficiency, technological change and total factor productivity in selected ASEAN+3 countries  
  by Noorazeela Zainol Abidin, Ishak Yussof, Zulkefly Abdul Karim, Mohd Shahidan Shaari 
  Abstract: Total factor productivity (TFP) growth in ASEAN+3 countries exhibits varied trends. This is due to the fact that each country has different skills and different levels of technological advancement. This study aims to analyse the trends in technical efficiency (TEC), technological change (TC) and TFP growth using the Malmquist productivity index method. The analysis is based on data ranging from 1981 to 2014 in selected ASEAN+3 countries. The results show that during the periods 1981-1985, 1986-1990, 1991-1995, 1996-2000 and 2001-2005, the contribution of TEC to TFP growth was higher than that of TC. However, during the periods 2006-2010 and 2011-2014, the contribution of TC to TFP growth was higher than that of TEC. Therefore, it is imperative for the countries to improve the quality of inputs such as labour. Hence, skilled workers are indispensable to produce higher productivity.
  Keywords: ASEAN+3; technical efficiency change; technological change; TFP growth.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2023.10050190
   
  
• Blockchain for customer transparency in e-commerce - a survival of fittest not fastest  
  by Nishant Kumar, Geetika Jain, Archana Shrivastawa 
  Abstract: Blockchain has been envisioned as the most disruptive technology in the landscape of ecommerce. There has been an array of challenges for e-commerce retailers to handle like transparency, immutability, reliability and disintermediation. The paper is an attempt to understand consumer acceptance towards new technology where the primary focus would be transparency and plans for human salvation by combating the environment and ethical challenges. The study emphasises the prospective use of blockchain technology in ecommerce industry which has been coupled with the vagueness of these issues. Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) has been used as the base model to understand the consumer behaviour towards using blockchain technology as a new platform with special reference to fashion apparel sector. Providing traceability of product with an objective of consumer transparency in this mould will change the way of doing online shopping and will have more onus on retailers.
  Keywords: blockchain; UTAUT; consumer transparency; e-commerce.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2022.10038970
   
  
• Economic impacts assessment of saline agriculture on marginal lands in Egypt: case study  
  by Sherine Mansour, Mohsen Brahmi, Dakheel Abdall 
  Abstract: The paper aims to measure how to improve the livelihood of small farmers in the New Valley through disseminating and applying models for cultivation of new introduced crops tolerant to salinity at El-Kharga area, New Valley Governorate. This was done through economic evaluation, the level of farmers performance of the rural productive practices at the New Valley in the fields of agro-economic, social and environmental activities in the area were identified, different scenarios to determine the impact of the women's role on the added value of plant production were designed, and an economic assessment of some small scale industrial-agricultural projects were taken into consideration. The study concluded that educational and extension activities are required to promote the dissemination of the value added of new introduced plant production, e.g., quinoa, in the region to improve the farmers' agricultural income, improve their livelihood and thus their stability in the region.
  Keywords: economic impact; environment; saline agriculture; livelihood; marginal lands; New Valley; ElKharga; agro-economic; social; Quinoa; value added; economic assessment; Egypt.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2022.10038750
   
  
• A study to identify the factors influencing learning orientation on service innovation framework of Delhi Metro Rail Corporation  
  by Yogendra Pal Bharadwaj, Mukesh Singh 
  Abstract: This study intends to identify the factors influencing learning orientation (shared vision, intra-organisational knowledge sharing, open-mindedness and commitment to learning) on the service innovation performance of employees' working in Delhi Metro Rail Corporation. Based on a self-adapted questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale, it used multiple regression analysis with a sample of 650 employees of DMRC through the proposition of a conceptual model and the hypotheses were tested accordingly. Pragmatic testing of this study identified that commitment to learning, open-mindedness and intra-organisational knowledge sharing were the influencing factors affecting the service innovation framework of DMRC employees, on the other hand, the outcome of shared vision was discovered to be insignificant. It provides significant ramifications to the metro officials concerning how to improve service innovation procedures for their employees so that they may work effectively through identifying the relationship of the learning orientation on the service innovation procedure of metro employees.
  Keywords: learning orientation; shared vision; open-mindedness; commitment to learning; service innovation; intra-organisational knowledge sharing.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2023.10056821
   
  
• From TQM to perceived value: an industrial outlook case study  
  by Esther Bassil Sleilati 
  Abstract: This paper aims to detect the impact of TQM on customer perceived value in the Lebanese packaging industry. The methodology used is the qualitative multiple case study technique through in-depth interviews of marketing and quality managers of certified suppliers and purchasing managers of their customers. The findings show that certified suppliers and customers corroborate that quality certifications enhance customer perceived value by improving customer trust, expectations, perceived service quality and customer perceived value. Non-certified customers concur that their suppliers' certification has no effect on the received value; thus, sustains trust, expectations and service quality. All customers believe a higher price results in less value and business discontinuation. The implications of the study are TQM and perceived value are positively and indirectly linked for certified customers only, and higher prices will reduce the received value by all customers. The limitations are the findings must be quantitatively validated in different B2C and B2B frameworks. The originality of this study is being the first to uncover those relationships in Lebanon and expose price as a moderator.
  Keywords: total quality management; TQM; perceived value; customer trust; packaging industry; Lebanon; case study.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2022.10046381
   
  
• Customer satisfaction and customer loyalty: an empirical case study on the impact of benefits generated through smartphone applications  
  by Erum Shaikh, Waqas Ahmed Watto, Mohsen Brahmi, Muhammad Nawaz Tunio, Sheeraz Niaz Lighari 
  Abstract: The purpose of this research paper is to ascertain what factors are responsible for the increase or decrease in the customer loyalty and customer satisfaction while using Pakistani branded smartphone applications. The methodology used in this study is quantitative, in this regard; the data was collected from 323 respondents on a structured questionnaire using a judgemental sampling technique in a minimal interference setting. Factor analysis, correlation and regression test were used to analyse the data analysis through the SPSS version 21.0. Findings and results reveal that hedonic benefits have the most significant and positive impact whereas learning and personal benefits had much significant and positive impact on the dependent variables: 1) customer loyalty; 2) the customer satisfaction respectively. The originality of paper indicates that study can help the Pakistani marketers and developers of the smartphone applications to conquer the mind of the customers. This study is limited to the one-time analysis of the events and the nature of the data is cross-sectional therefore, it is recommended to conduct a longitudinal research in order to observe the individual indebtedness over a period of time.
  Keywords: smartphone; branded applications; customer satisfaction; customer loyalty.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2022.10046378
   
  
• Nascent entrepreneurs and challenges in the digital market in developing countries  
  by Muhammad Nawaz Tunio, Erum Shaikh, Naveeda K. Katper, Mohsen Brahmi 
  Abstract: This article aims to find out the challenges experienced by nascent entrepreneurs in the digital market. There is a boom in the digital market in the world where entrepreneurs conduct business and interact with diverse buyers for shopping and transactions. The methodology adopted is a qualitative approach in which semi-structured interviews are conducted with entrepreneurs. The findings of the study indicate that the challenges for the new entrepreneurs in the digital market in the form of challenges like frauds, mistrust, as well as several cybercrimes. Our results of this qualitative study show that phenomenon is common globally, but it is different and interesting from the perspective of the developing countries like Pakistan. The digital market created by the virtual world has its pros and cons. Thus, along with new opportunities in online business, there are several threads as well as drawbacks which indicate the hard of the digital market. Future extension of the study can be carried out about how to build entrepreneur-customer trust in the digital market, how to grow business from limited audience to a wider population for any specific product or service in the developing countries where the online business has not touched any boom.
  Keywords: online business; entrepreneurs; digital marketplace; developing country.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2022.10046384
   
  
• Factors affecting students' continued usage intention for e-learning in higher education in Jordan: extending UTAUT with COVID-19 perceived risk  
  by Ali Aljaafreh 
  Abstract: The physical distancing recommendations issued by the World Health Organization (WHO), and the emergency laws and policies issued by the Jordanian government; have created the necessity of using information technology (IT) to provide contactless environment distance including e-payment, e-government, and distance learning. Therefore, the current research aims at identifying the factors affecting students' continued usage intention for e-learning including COVID-19 perceived risk, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating condition. The data was collected using an online survey from 441 respondents; however, 376 responses were valid for the statistical analysis. The valid data was analysed using SPSS and the findings revealed that all the independent constructs had a significant positive effect on students' continued usage intention for Microsoft Teams as an e-learning platform. The major contribution of this study is investigating the effect of COVID-19 perceived risk and confirming its positive relationship with continued usage intention.
  Keywords: COVID-19 perceived risk; UTAUT; e-learning; continued usage intention; higher education; Jordan.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2022.10048590
   
  
• Human capital and the performance of Iranian digital startups: the moderating role of knowledge sharing behaviour  
  by Aidin Salamzadeh, Mehdi Tajpour, Elahe Hosseini, Mohsen Salem Brahmi 
  Abstract: Human capital is considered as the most critical issue in the success or failure of digital startups, as these firms highly rely on their team members as well as their behaviours. Among these, knowledge sharing behaviour plays a vital role. Therefore, this paper focused on how human capital could affect the performance of selected Iranian digital startups, considering the moderating role of knowledge sharing behaviour. To do so, 160 digital startups - which were registered in the science part of the University of Tehran - were studied as the research population. Based on Morgan's table, 113 startups were selected using a random sampling technique. SmartPLS 3 was used to analyse the research hypotheses. According to the findings, human capital had positively affected the performance of the studied digital startups. Besides, their knowledge sharing behaviour had a mediating role in this relationship, other than the relationship between communications and performance. Thus, we suggest digital startups to improve their human capital and also pay more attention to enriching the knowledge sharing behaviour among their members.
  Keywords: human capital; performance; digital startups; knowledge sharing behaviour.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2023.10056822
   
  
• Qualitative research in social sciences: data collection, data analysis and report writing  
  by Bui Thanh Khoa, Bui Phu Hung, Mohsen Hejsalem-Brahmi 
  Abstract: Qualitative research is necessary because it explores variables that are not predetermined in social studies. This paper aims to present the definition, characteristics, and philosophical assumptions of qualitative research and critically to discuss major contemporary concerns in qualitative data collection. The main methods to collect data, alongside their strengths and weaknesses, are presented to help researchers use them properly. The authors also sketch different approaches to qualitative data analysis and measures of research reliability and validity. The paper ends with how to write a qualitative research report. Also, it discusses the ethical issues which researchers need to consider. With concise, straightforward, and in-depth analyses and presentations of the contemporary issues in qualitative research, this paper helps readers understand and choose appropriate approaches, methods, and techniques for their research.
  Keywords: bias; data collection; data analysis; ethics; ethnographic; grounded theory; narrative; paradigm and approach; qualitative research; qualitative research report; reliability and validity; research triangulation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2022.10038439
   
  
• Impact of the health crisis COVID-19 on finance market and economic sectors: case of Italian government measures  
  by Nadia Mansour, Salha Ben Salem, Mohsen S. Brahmi 
  Abstract: The spread of the corona 19-virus in a short period has put the focus on the international economic and financial recovery. During this crisis, the stakes will depend on the combination of health and economic policy, the financial market, and industries (Ben Salem and Mansour, 2020). The purpose of this study is to discuss the economic and financial impact of the coronavirus, particularly in Italy, and how the government has responded to this crisis. The findings drawn of results are, first, industrial and commercial connections, and the movement of people will be modified and redistributed. Second, the results show that the two emergencies are the treatment of the social crisis and the survival of companies. The research limitations of this study are among the consideration of only one country. In addition, for the future research extension, we will broaden the sample by comparing the economic situation in developed and developing countries.
  Keywords: COVID-19 crisis; financial development; health crisis; economic policy; Italian economy.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2023.10056823
   
  
• A mediation-based analysis of emotional intelligence effect on cognition and consumer decision-making  
  by Mihir Joshi, Mohsen Salem Brahmi 
  Abstract: This paper aims to advance the current emotional intelligence (EI) and cognition research. It establishes the interrelations EI ability model and cognition with consumer decision making. Consumer research has been largely fixated on reasoning ability since cognitive assessment of consumers is based on the information collected through previous experiences. For the purpose of this study, multistage cluster sampling method was employed to assess the online shopping structure among the students with n = 4,000 across India. The researchers studied the direct and indirect effects of EI on consumer decision making with cognition as a mediator through a structural model generated by applying PLSPM using R studio. The results of the study show positive effect of several dimensions of EI with cognition as a mediator. However, one sub-dimension of EI holds an opposite effect on the decision making variable. The outcomes show the significant implications and discus various objectives that give new principles for future studies.
  Keywords: consumer decision-making; CDM; cognition; model; PLSPM; e-commerce companies; emotional intelligence.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2024.10054477
   
  
• Increasing online business productivity through customer electronic loyalty: the role of online trust and hedonic value  
  by Bui Thanh Khoa 
  Abstract: The online business productivity will be enhanced through customers' loyalty reinforcement; therefore, building and maintaining a relationship with customers is becoming an essential mission in a modern business environment. This study aimed to understand the relationship between online trust, hedonic value, and the dimensions demonstrated the customer's electronic loyalty as they shop from electronic commerce websites. The mixed-method was used to archived the research objectives. The qualitative research was done through narrative research, and phenomenological research; concurrently, the quantitative method adopted by survey with 917 respondents. The result demonstrated the positive relationships between online trust, hedonic value and electronic loyalty (preference, interaction, and personal information disclosure). Simultaneously, the results showed that hedonic value mediates the effect of online trust cues on three dimensions of electronic loyalty. Finally, these research findings made some theoretical contributions to behaviour science and proposed the managerial implications to improve online business productivity.
  Keywords: online trust; hedonic value; preference; interaction; personal information disclosure; electronic commerce.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2024.10053354
   
  
• Governance of abundant natural resources, mining and energy, and their economic impacts on developing countries: theoretical controversies  
  by Mohsen S. Brahmi, Luigi Aldieri 
  Abstract: The objective of this article is to present the main works of the economists on the regime of governance of the mining and energy natural resources and their economic impacts to the rich-resource countries. Firstly, we approach the doctrine of the pension and the debates of the economists in this economic notion. This leads us, secondly, to handle the diverse surrounding areas of the curse of natural resources Dutch disease - oil and mines - and its consequences on the growth for the developing countries DCs (1964-2021). Obviously, a graphic illustration turns out interesting, nevertheless, on the Tunisian economy, from statistical data (1991-2020), to describe and analyse the contributions of both mining and energy sectors and to check out the main factors of declining productivity and the remedies that the government should take to redress the situation before it gets worse after ten years of the Tunisian Revolution.
  Keywords: governance; natural resources; curse; Dutch disease; developing countries; DCs; Tunisian economy.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2022.10038757
   
  

Special Issue on: BAVT-2019 Special Issue Title Entrepreneurship, Business and Innovation in the VUCA World

• Factor influencing consumer purchase intention for private label food products: a cross-sectional analysis  
  by Pooja Kansra, Pawan Kumar, Babagana Ali 
  Abstract: Private label products emerged as auspicious industry with huge growth potential. Thereby, present study plans to identify the determinants which influence the purchase intention of private label food products. A primary survey was performed in the state of Punjab, using convenience sampling approach with a sample of 200 respondents. The analysis was made with the help of descriptive statistics and Logit regression. It was documented that majority of the respondents were aware and likely to pay for private label food products. It was exhibited that age, gender, income, quality and price were the significant determinants of willingness to pay. The present study suggest to focus on quality and to build trust among the customers to be viable in the market.
  Keywords: Attitude; awareness; private label; young; determinants; willingness; perception; purchase intention; food products; quality.
  
  
• Extending UTAUT Model to Explore Factors for Online Shopping Acceptance in Kano State, Nigeria: A Qualitative Study  
  by Pawan Kumar, Mohammad Umar Usman 
  Abstract: Presently, shoppers attention is shifting to shopping through online mode globally. Online shopping phenomenon has become popular mode of shopping among consumers globally. Remarkably, online shopping in Nigeria has indicated tremendous growth in recent years. However, as compared to the Southern and Eastern parts of Nigeria leading in online retailing, Kano State is still in its initial stage of development. The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors influencing consumers intention towards online shopping acceptance in Kano perspective. The study was designed as a qualitative analysis, data were collected using one-to-one interview. Purposive sampling technique was employed to select a sample of 20 postgraduate students and qualitative content analysis was used for analysing the interview data. Findings indicate that convenience, internet accessibility, time saving, ease of use, security, delivery, attitude and awareness are the major factors influencing the acceptance of online shopping. The paper provides more insights, contribute to the knowledge of academics and will be helpful to online marketers in designing appropriate marketing strategies.
  Keywords: online shopping; utaut model; UTAUT; consumer behaviour; qualitative study; shoppers’ intention; Nigeria.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10041713
   
  
• Suggesting Effective SPM Model to Explain, Predict and Close Skills Gap for Front -Line Sales Employees in Retail Sector: An Integrative Review and Research  
  by Priyanka Chhibber, Kamalpreet Kaur Paposa 
  Abstract: India has been developing by leaps and bounds in terms of business and economic activity. This growth is generating more job opportunities. Similarly, Retail Sector of India is growing very fast. A majority of the retail outlets and chains are going to be launched in upcoming years. Showing potential and prosperity is a good sign, but to run these outlets only ambience and infrastructure will not work. No doubt, all these factors are important to attract customers but to fulfil their product demand and giving them satisfying purchase experience, the one-point contact is the salesperson. Recognising this aspect, the present study sheds light in identifying skill gaps in the retail sector. This study will help the retail sector to understand the current existing skills of their employees and finding the gaps if any. In this study, mentoring as a practice is explored that will definitely help in overcoming skill gaps.
  Keywords: retail sector; sales employees; skills; skill gap; mentoring; proficiency scale; SPM model; content validity ratio; CVR; selling skills; sales presentation skills; mentalising skills; career mentoring; psychosocial mentoring.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10034490
   
  
• AN EMPLOYEE PERSPECTIVE TOWARDS TALENT MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES IN SERVICE SECTOR  
  by Megha Mehta, Sanjay Modi, Rahul Sharma 
  Abstract: In this intensely competitive business era, talented people have the potential to provide a strong competitive advantage. There is an ever existent need of corporates to retain talent and an assessment of challenges associated with talent management as those faced or perceived by employees grow into pertinent importance. The need of the hour is to understand the employee perspective while framing a talent management strategy. For the purpose of the present study, first-hand data was collected from 457 employees across 20 different companies belonging to four verticals of the service sector, i.e. banking, information technology enabled services (ITES), hospitality and retail. Different challenges as perceived by employees like lack of trust and transparency, inadequate supervisory support, unmet employee expectations have been identified. Vertical-wise comparison of the challenges as perceived by employees has offered a more in-depth understanding of the issue in focus. This study would help practitioners in understanding the employee perspective while framing a talent management strategy.
  Keywords: Talent management challenges; employee challenges; effective talent management; service sector challenges.
  
  
• PREDICTING OPINION LEADERSHIP BASED ON DEMOGRAPHICS- A STUDY FOR MOBILE TELECOM SERVICES  
  by Lokesh Jasrai 
  Abstract: The present study examines the relative influence of demographics in predicting opinion leadership (OL), along with categorising telecom subscribers in low and high OL groups for mobile telecom services. A binomial-logistic regression (LR) used to predict OL on basis of gender, age, income and education level. The results of forward LR method in binomial logistic regression indicate that opinion leadership significantly influenced due to gender and age as compared to income and education level. Furthermore, category-wise analysis reveals that male and the age groups of 1825 years and 2635 years are opinion leaders for telecom services as compared to other categories of demographics. The Punjab (India) is the study area of present research. Identification of consumers as opinion leaders could be used as target market and innovators in order to formulate word-of-mouth (WOM) communication and diffusion enhancement strategies in the particular telecom market.
  Keywords: demographics; opinion leadership; binomial logistic regression; word-of-mouth communication; diffusion and marketing strategies; forward LR method; target market; telecom service.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2021.10052421
   
  
• Temperament Cardinal to Psychological Contract Fulfillment: A Review  
  by Akanksha Gardia, Shikha Goyal 
  Abstract: Employer-employee is the two prime facets of the organisation. They are the ones which lead the organisation towards its final intention. In this procedure, their commitment and beliefs regulates thy behaviour. Thy beliefs involved, termed as psychological contract enable them to discard activities favourable or unfavourable towards the organisation. It is the beliefs of parties and obligations towards one another and the organisation. In leading the organisation, this contract plays a significant role, as the breach or fulfilment of this contract assist in the reciprocation of similar behaviour or actions. This paper reviews the recommendations of several authors. The conviction of this paper is to highlight the temperaments which lead to psychological contract fulfilment and it also strives to outline the gaps in the research of various authors regarding this contract fulfilment which is the prime keynote to organisational triumph.
  Keywords: psychological contract; psychological contract fulfilment; PCF; organisational citizenship behaviour; social exchange theory; SET; perceived organisational support; POS; organisational identification; OID; leader-member exchange.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2021.10041952
   
  
• Population Dynamics, Environmental issues and Public Sector Policies in South Asian Economies: A Panel Co-integration Analysis  
  by Ramanpreet Kaur, Tushinder Preet Kaur 
  Abstract: Environment degradation is the most challenging problem in today's world. In developing countries, it is frequently being dealt with by researchers. This paper has studied the panel co-integration and causality between urban population, energy usage and particulate matter (PM2.5) emission in selected countries (India, Pakistan and Bangladesh) of South Asia from 1990-2017. After checking the stationarity of the variables, Pedroni, Kao and Johanson Fisher Co-integration tests have been used to check the co-integration among the variables. Granger Causality test has concluded that there exists bi-directional causality among the variables in the long run. The results prove that energy usage and urbanization are responsible for continuous emission of particulate matter (PM2.5) in these countries. The results of this study will be useful for the government to make policies related to urbanization and energy usage to maintain environment sustainability in the economies.
  Keywords: Climate; Global Warming; Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Emission; Urbanization; Energy usage; Panel Co-integration; Panel Granger causality.
  
  
• Roads of Agricultural Extension in India- Intentions and Realities  
  by Rupinder Kaur, Pretty Bhalla 
  Abstract: Agricultural extension services in India, likewise most of the developing economies, have been delivered and funded by the public sector. The literature, very rightly, recognised its role in the overall development of the Indian agricultural sector, whereas, few studies also claimed that the agricultural extension system in India is not satisfactory and having little reach to farmers. Considering this fact in consort with the varying nature of Indian agriculture and information requirements of Indian farmers, the paper reviewed some of the major public extension initiatives in India and various factors responsible for distressing the performance of extension officials. While reviewing this, viewpoints from other countries on their extension system had been considered as well. In addition to this, this paper also recommended few areas for future research so that the public extension system can be strengthened and the performance of extension officials can be improved for overall agricultural development in the country.
  Keywords: agricultural extension; public extension system; extension officials; T&V; ATMA; NMAET; Krishonnati Yojana; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2021.10046385
   
  
• Quality of Work Life, Job Involvement and Job Satisfaction of Bus Drivers of Public Sector Transport in Punjab: A Mediation Analysis  
  by Summi Arora, Gurpreet Randhawa 
  Abstract: The present study examines the relationship between quality of work life, job involvement and job satisfaction of public transportation bus drivers in Punjab, India. The sample of the study constituted 483 bus drivers working in three state road transport undertakings in Punjab, namely PUNBUS, Punjab roadways, and PEPSU road transport corporation. A structured questionnaire comprising measures of quality of work life, job involvement and job satisfaction was used to collect the data. The results of this research using the multiple regression techniques show that a significant relationship exists between quality of work life dimensions, job involvement and job satisfaction. Besides, job satisfaction mediates the relationship between overall quality of work life and job involvement. Results of the study have practical implications for the enhancement of job involvement, job satisfaction of bus drivers through advancement in their quality of work life.
  Keywords: bus drivers; job involvement; job satisfaction; public sector; quality of work life; working conditions.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2021.10050191
   
  
• Role of Employee Responsiveness towards Customer Affective Commitment and Customer Satisfaction in VUCA Environment: A Study on Insurance segment  
  by Kamalpreet Kaur Paposa, Sukhvinder Singh Paposa 
  Abstract: Huge under penetration has increased the demand of the insurance services for all types of insurance products in the Indian insurance industry leading to huge competition among public and private players. Hence, the study has focused on the prevailing scenario in insurance segment so as to identify strategies to survive in the VUCA environment. Skilling of employees at each level is necessary to provide better services so as to ensure customer satisfaction leading to customer affective commitment (CAC) for gaining competitive advantage. However, very few empirical studies currently exist in this field. The present study investigates whether customer satisfaction mediates the relationship between employee responsiveness and CAC. Based on the data collected from 173 customers the hypothetical operational model has been tested using regression analysis. Outcomes of the study depict that customer satisfaction has a positive influence on CAC and fully mediates the relationship between employee responsiveness and CAC.
  Keywords: competitive advantage; customer satisfaction; VUCA environment; customer affective commitment; CAC; employee responsiveness; insurance segment; service quality; full mediation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10046383
   
  

Special Issue on: HPMMGBS-2019 Happiness and Performance Management in the Modern Globalised Business Scenario

• Impact of Workplace Happiness on Employee Engagement: A Comparative Study of IT & Non-IT sector employee  
  by Sana Vakeel, Sunita Shukla, Vikas Singh 
  Abstract: Being happy at workplace is all about enjoying what employees do and admire where they work. Workplace happiness, not only yields positive results for an employee, but also for the organisation one works for. Since employees spend much of their lives at the workplace, it is crucial to understand the impact of workplace happiness on various factors such as job satisfaction, employee engagement and effective organisational commitment. The current study examined the impact of workplace happiness on employee engagement for employees working in the IT and non-IT sectors in Delhi-NCR, India. Regression analysis result shows that 22.7% of the variation in the employee engagement is explained by workplace happiness. The impact of workplace happiness on employee engagement was found to be almost similar in IT and non-IT sector employees. The study uses Karl Pearsons correlation and regression analysis for data analysis.
  Keywords: workplace happiness; employee engagement; job satisfaction; information technology.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2024.10054401
   
  
• A STUDY ON EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT PRACTICES IN AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY: AN EMPLOYEE PERSPECTIVE  
  by Richa Nangia 
  Abstract: The aim behind the study is to understand the employee perspective regarding employee engagement practices in automobile industry operating in Delhi NCR. This paper gives emphasis on various practices of employee engagement which leads to organizational growth. Both primary and secondary sources have been used to collect the data for the research. Primary sources used for current study are questionnaire and interviews and secondary sources are business journals, newspapers, magazines, periodicals, etc. Random samples of 5 automobile companies were selected and a survey was conducted targeting 20 top manager employees from each company. Correlation and cross-tab chi square test has been used for empirical analysis and interpretation of data. The study shows that the null hypothesis is accepted which says that employees have awareness regarding employee engagement practices followed in their organization. Work environment, rewards and recognition, opportunities, relationship with boss and communication are the most prevalent employee engagement activities.
  Keywords: Employee Engagement; Organizational Effectiveness; Employee Effectiveness; Indian Automobile Industry.
  
  
• Faculty Work Engagement and Happiness: An Empirical Research  
  by Poonam Khurana, Swati Narula, Parul Manchanda 
  Abstract: Happiness at the workplace mentions, how contented people are with their work life. The study aimed to examine the level of work engagement of the faculty members working at different institutes in Delhi/NCR region. Study is explanatory in nature aimed to describe the status of work engagement and happiness at workplace perceived by the faculty members of various colleges/institutes in Delhi/NCR region. Utrecht work engagement scale was utilised to capture the level of faculty engagement. The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire developed by Michael Argyle and Peter Hills was used to examine the level of happiness perceived by the faculty members. The present research has shown that faculty has reported a high or above average level of work engagement (WE). The results indicated that there is significant positive relationship between relationship WE and happiness of the faculty members. The regression analysis has shown that vigour is a positive significant predictor of happiness.
  Keywords: happiness; work engagement; performance; faculty; satisfaction; relationship.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2022.10048234
   
  
• Analysing political opinions using machine learning  
  by Pragya Joshi, Akash Singh Kunwar 
  Abstract: In the era of digital world, text is not confined to textbooks or newspapers anymore. People use platforms like Twitter, Facebook, Quora, and other social media platforms to express their opinions over certain products, movies, social, economic or political causes. Huge chunks of textual data is available on these platforms for analysis.rnThis paper tries to leverage deep learning and natural language processing (NLP) to use the publicly available text data to predict outcomes of Indian general elections by analyzing the tweets with hashtags for various parties, using opinion mining to define polarity in the opinions. It tries to adopt a hybrid approach using NLP. The results from the analysis help in highlighting the potential of machine learning in predicting the election results and identifying the political inclination of people towards specific policies thus, indicating the efficiency of using social media to predict real-world outcomes.rn
  Keywords: Twitter; Sentiment analysis; machine learning; Decision tree; Random forest.
  
  
• Study of Customers Satisfaction Towards Internet Banking Services  
  by MANISHA GUPTA 
  Abstract: This is a research to study customer satisfaction with the internet banking services. The factorrnof customer satisfaction with internet banking was identified by review if literature and pioletrnstudy. Three variables were identified efficiency, safety and responsiveness in internet bankingrnservices. It is descriptive type of research and based on primary and secondary date. The resultrnof percentage proved customers are satisfied with internet banking services. The satisfaction isrnhigh with cost of transaction is low, easy to use & instant message after every transaction andrnthe satisfaction is least with requests are handling promptly and error free transaction. Thernresult shows that level of education has negative correlation with customer satisfaction. Itrnmeans that highly educated respondent was less satisfied then less educated respondent. Thernresult shows that there is no significantly difference in customer satisfaction between publicrnand private sector bank.
  Keywords: Customer satisfaction; banking; internet banking services; e-banking.
  
  
• IMPROVING INTERPRETIVE STRUCTURAL MODELLING FOR AGILE METHODOLOGY USING TWO WAY ASSESSMENT  
  by Rajbala Singh, Deepak Kumar, Bharat Bhushan Sagar 
  Abstract: In the 21st century, software engineering is focused on giving a quality product on time along with coping with the on-going market demand and its conditions. Hence, there is a technique of interpretive structural modelling (ISM) which is highly established in the field of research to mark interrelationships among different attributes. ISM uses a step by step technique to address the issue. Based on the relativity for comparison of variables and analysing criteria structural self-interaction matrix (SSIM) is established. Reachability matrix (RM) is developed from (SSIM) and its transitivity are evaluated based on various attributes for their effective execution in the changing environment. Primarily, focus is on the ISM model in order to distinguish important features and then apply two-way assessment which considers the perspective of management along with testers and thus highlights the importance of various traits to measure the overall utility considering the threshold scenario in an organization.
  Keywords: interpretive structural modelling; ISM; RM; transitivity; structural self-interaction matrix; SSIM; two-way assessment.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10037495
   
  
• RISK CHARACTERISTICS AND SPEED OF ADJUSTMENT OF FIRMS: A STUDY OF SELECT INDIAN COMPANIES  
  by Rajni Joshi, Asheesh Pandey, Karamjeet Singh 
  Abstract: Purpose: The paper intends to investigate whether the risk characteristics have any role in explaining rate of adjustment speed (RAS) towards target debt ratio of firms listed in BSE 500 index. The study presupposes that if risk characteristics can affects the capital structure of a firm, then it could also affect the RAS at which firms adjust their actual debt level towards target debt ratio. \r\n\r\nDesign/methodology/approach: The study utilizes generalized methods of moments (GMM) estimation technique for BSE 500 index. A balanced panel data from the period April 2009 to March 2018 is considered for analysis.\r\n\r\nFindings: The results clearly evidenced that macroeconomic risk and micro risk significantly affects the RAS of firms towards its target level evidencing that both micro and macro risk affects the SOA differently. The paper explains variations in RAS across firms and over times due to risk characteristics. \r\n\r\nResearch limitations/implications (if applicable): The authors suggest that managers should consider both economic conditions and the solvency position of their own firm for firms financing decision.\r\n\r\nPractical implications (if applicable): The results bear important implications for academic, managers as well as regulators. For academic, we provide an out of sample study for an emerging market which contributes to the existing body of literature. Managers must identify the barriers involved in achieving target debt ratio which would promote the growth of the firms. . Regulators should devise policies that can help firms to modify their existing capital structure by making financial institution more accountable and autonomous. \r\n\r\nOriginality/value: The current study considered both company characteristics and macroeconomic risk characteristics to examine their effect on RAS towards target debt ratio for Indian listed firm which has negligible literature for emerging markets, including India.\r\n
  Keywords: Dynamic Capital Structure; Speed of adjustment; GMM estimation; micro- risk characteristics; macro-risk characteristics.
  
  
• Robustness of Sharpe Single Index Model in Indian Market: A unique approach to identify gems  
  by Dr.Sudhi Sharma, Miklesh Yadav 
  Abstract: The current stock of knowledge based on Sharpe (1963) single index model is the pure manifesto of the model, i.e., selecting stocks, and finally, weights have allocated according to z values. However, the real question is that the securities filtered with the application of the model are actually showing healthy financials. High yields may be because of insider trading that creates a bubble in the market and thus departs from its real fundamentals. The underlying gap motivates the author to analyse further the selected stocks filtered by the application of the Sharpe model. The paper is not only the mere application of the method and model but also supported with fundamental analysis to substantiate the strength of the model. The identification of value buying stocks has been achieved effectively by the application of Sharpe single index model in multiple layers.
  Keywords: Sharpe single index model; fundamental analysis; Indian market; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10036523
   
  
• Impact of Happiness and Self-Awareness on Work Performance: A Study of India  
  by Sunil Kumari, Sanjay Nandal 
  Abstract: Self-awareness is the source of happiness and core of life as well but whether it affects the work performance, is researchable. Present study aims at exploring the relationship of happiness and self-awareness with work performance. Likert Scale has been used for questionnaire development, for collecting the primary data from 506 people, which has been analyzed in terms of correlation and regression using Jamovi software. Study reveals the significant impact of happiness and self-awareness on work performance. The coefficient of self-awareness depicts that every unit change in self-awareness changes the work performance. Both happiness and self-awareness are significant variables. Therefore, it can be said that happiness and self-awareness drive the work performance positively and significantly.
  Keywords: Happiness; Self-Awareness; Work Performance; Relationship.
  
  
• Effect of Synergy Success and Efficiency Gains through Mergers and Acquisitions on Research and Development  
  by ISHA GUPTA, Nandita Mishra, Naliniprava Tripathy 
  Abstract: Mergers and acquisitions remain a dominant business expansion strategy for firms worldwide, despite there is no conclusive evidence whether it creates value or not. This paper analyses the impact of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) on synergy success and efficiency gains through trade-off matrix and their impact on research and development (R&D). The dataset has 64 firms of the non-financial sector. The data period has been divided into two period of time, i.e., pre-merger period (2012 to 2014) and post-merger period (2016 to 2018). The panel data methodology has been applied, which has two techniques of estimation, one is the fixed effect model and the other is the random effect model. This study concludes that the M&A creates a trade-off between efficiency gains and synergy success, it also suggests that if acquiring companys increases expenditure on R&D it can achieve success in synergies which will lead to technological innovation and has impacted technological advancement after M&A of acquiring companies significantly.
  Keywords: research and development; R&D; mergers and acquisitions; M&A; synergy success; efficiency gains; fixed effect model.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10036233
   
  

Special Issue on: MUCET 2019 Sustainable Development Issues and Initiatives in Small and Emerging Industries

• Study of Success Factors of Micro-Entrepreneurial Women of Emerging Economies  
  by Amandeep Dhaliwal 
  Abstract: Governments worldwide are focusing on the development of women microenterprises as they contribute to employment generation, social upliftment and economic development of a nation. Despite their efforts, women-owned businesses do not perform well and have high failure/closure rates. This study, therefore, firstly identifies the factors, which influence the success of women owned microenterprises in emerging economies, and then measures the impact and importance of each of these factors using SEM-PLS (structural equation modelling) technique. The results of the study reveal that in the case of women micro-entrepreneurs personal factors and social factors such as family support, access to capital, marital status, need for work-life balance, access to mentors and professional support networks have a high impact on the success. Surprisingly, past work experience and personal motives were found to have no impact. This study would guide policy makers, practitioners, and women entrepreneurs in focusing on the important aspects of success.
  Keywords: women entrepreneurs; success factors; micro enterprises; structural equation modelling; PLS-SEM; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10044005
   
  
• Fatigue, Sleepiness, and Daily Sleep of Shift Workers in Electronics Manufacturing Industry  
  by Mohd Shahril Abu Hanifah, Norazura Ismail 
  Abstract: This paper aims to investigate fatigue, sleepiness, daily sleep, and their association among 416 shift workers in the electronics manufacturing industry. Fatigue, sleepiness, and daily sleep were assessed using the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, and Sleep Diary, respectively. This study found that the prevalence of fatigue is 54.8% and sleepiness is 1.7%. There were 25.7% of workers who did not have an adequate amount of daily sleep. Significant associations (0.158 ? r ? 0.451) were found between all fatigue dimensions with sleepiness, and significant differences were found between night shift and morning shift workers in daily sleep. This study concluded that shift workers were prone to get fatigued and sleepiness and they also tend to get less sleep compared to non-shift workers. Thus, appropriate control measures should be implemented by the management to ensure that these issues could be curb.
  Keywords: fatigue; sleepiness; daily sleep; shift work; shift workers; manufacturing; Malaysia.
  
  
• Suitability Elements of Technology Enabled/Enhanced Active Learning (TEAL) for Engineering Students  
  by Nur Farha Hassan, Saifullizam Puteh, Amanina Muhamad Sanusi, Nan Nurul Hidayah Megat Salleh 
  Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to identify the suitability elements for each domain of the Technology Enabled/Enhanced Active Learning for engineering students. The integrated research of learning domains such as Blended Learning, Collaborative Learning, Practical Learning, Interactive Learning and Online Learning That will help the students master various aspects of the engineering knowledge to improve their employability skills when enter to high-tech job market. Data were collect from questionnaire completed by 678 final-year undergraduate engineering students enrolled at a Malaysia Technical University. This study focuses on the technology active learning environment to identify learning platforms that are effective for inculcating innovative concepts, which may help students perform well in their studies. The values of relevant indicators were obtained from analyse of data by use mean score, mean measure, and correlation coefficient of the domains. The TEAL has five domains with 39 elements; the analysis results for each domain show that the items are relevant; there is a high degree of agreement and strong correlation coefficient. It is imperative to implement the TEAL approach in the engineering fields; it is effective in improving the students understand clearly in their fields to applied technologies in practical work for gain their skills.
  Keywords: Technology Enabled/Enhanced Active Learning (TEAL); Platform Learning; Engineering Students; Technical University; Rasch Measurement Model.
  
  
• Identification of Integrity Value in The Formation of Personality Among the Future of TVET Teachers  
  by Affero Ismail, Sitti Maemuna Mapasisi, Muhammad Zulfadly Mohd Zubir, Mohd Erfy Ismail, Mohd Zulfadli Rozali, Khairul Anuar Abdul Rahman 
  Abstract: Integrity is the practice of maintaining appropriate ethical behavior such as showing strong adherence to moral and ethical principles and values (ie: honesty, honor, dependability and trustworthiness). Teacher is a noble profession that should portray highest integrity and professionalism. Thus, integrity value must be infused into the curriculum of teachers education. This study was conducted to identify the level of the integrity value among the students who are taking educations programs based on their knowledge and attitudes as well as the comparison of the practice between male and female students. This study adapted quantitative method based on a survey conducted to students of future TVET teachers in one of the Malaysian public universities. A total of 285 respondents of different gender, age, year of study and program of study were involved in this study. A set of questionnaires was constructed and assessed by the experts and then distributed to the respondents. The results showed that the students' knowledge and attitude towards integrity as teacher is at good and satisfactory level. The findings show that majority of the respondents apprehend the integrity and work ethic through the training and practice. Furthermore, this study proved that there are no significant differences between male and female students in terms of knowledge and attitudes of the level of the integrity and professionalism in the formation of their personality. Thus, this study suggests that TVET teachers program should not neglect the component of integrity in the development of TVET teachers personality.
  Keywords: TVET teacher; integrity; student’s education; professionalism; personality.
  
  
• Dynamic Co-integration Between Foreign Workers And Unemployment In Malaysia  
  by Mohd Shahidan Shaari, Faiz Masnan, Abdul Rahim Ridzuan, Nur Salimah Alias 
  Abstract: Foreign workers are one of the key sources of human capital for Malaysia and they play an important role in developing the countrys economy. However, the implication of receiving a higher number of foreign workers may lead to some unfavourable impacts. Several previous studies found that foreign workers may have double edge impacts on unemployment. Due to these mixed findings, this study attempts to investigate the effects of foreign workers on unemployment in Malaysia. Data ranging from 1982 to 2018 were analysed by using the ARDL approach. The results show a higher number of foreign workers does not have any impact on unemployment in the short run and long run in Malaysia. Therefore, an increase in the number of foreign workers into Malaysia does not affect the native labour force. This is because some critical sectors, such as construction, need foreign workers to ensure that the activities of the sectors are not affected due to the shortage of labour. Native workers do not favour jobs in the sectors owing to low payment. The Ganger causality results, on the other hand, show that migration can influence unemployment in the country. Therefore, these findings can shed light on the issue for policymakers to formulate the right policies.
  Keywords: foreign workers; unemployment; ARDL.
  
  
• Food Waste in the Leftover Foods of Domestic Household in Malaysia: An Analysis of the Waste Pattern.  
  by Wan Nur Fadhlina Syamimi Wan Azman, Ku Nurul Fazira Ku Azir 
  Abstract: This study critically analyses in understanding the behaviour of food waste issues in the leftover cooked food among Malaysian by using a questionnaire and ANOVA to search, evaluate and synthesise the food waste in relation to the prospect of finding a waste pattern and their understanding of food waste in the leftover foods. The primary focus of this study is to find the cause of food waste to leftover handling and waste reduction on the household level. The study concludes that food wasted in leftover foods is still a concerning and serious issue that needs to be taken off, by not only making the policy but how the future of digitalisation can help and guide the household to make decisions in which leftover foods that need to be thrown away. Hence, the result of this study raises some interesting questions and offers actionable insights for future research.
  Keywords: food waste; food security; qualitative survey; leftover food; household waste; Malaysia.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10038752
   
  
• Peer Assessment Among TVET Teacher Training: Assessing Validity Through Exploratory Factor Analysis  
  by Noor Atikah Zainal Abidin, Alias Masek, Shafizza Sahdan, Siti Nururrodhiah Md Khair 
  Abstract: Peer assessment is not commonly practiced in the Malaysian higher education institutions especially for TVET students. There are several factors leading to this deficiency in our higher education system: existence of very few student-centred learning practices, poor knowledge in the peer assessment implementation, a lack of integrity in conducting the peer assessment, a low level of validity in the peer assessment process. This study examines the validity and reliability of the students integrity and quality of peer-assessment questionnaire. This study adopted a quantitative design by using the survey approach, and the random sampling method was employed to recruit 172 TVET students. The integrity questionnaire yields these results: The Keiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy is 0.891 and the Bartletts test of sphericity is ?2 = 6885.733, df = 1540, p = 0.000. As a conclusion, the students integrity questionnaire is valid and reliable, and hence suitable for testing the level of integrity of students during the peer assessment exercise. This questionnaire can be used in the future for measuring the students integrity and quality of peer assessment, in line with the aspirations of the Industrial Revolution 4.0.
  Keywords: Integrity; Quality of Peer Assessment; Validity; Reliability.
  
  
• The product design preferences towards personality style  
  by Haeryip Sihombing, Megat Ahmad M.M.H, Yuhazri M.Y., Kamarul A.M., Amirhafizan M.H. 
  Abstract: This study is designed to explore the latent emotional expression and feelings of customers towards product design. Through the questionnaires generated towards the 8 pen designs proposed to 193 respondents, the survey found that the most preferable design of pen is having a click mechanism with clip and grip installed, whiles the most emotional feeling is 'Miserable~Comfortable'. The pens installed with the grip will improve the emotional expression of customers related to 'Miserable~Comfortable', Irrittating~Convinient, and Boring~Attractivein terms of Perceving- Judging. This study also found there were significant correlations existed between the designs of pen towards several components of Feeling-Thinking and Perceiving-Judging personality type. Based on this finding, the individuals personality type such as Feeling-Thinking and Perceiving-Judging can be utilised to predict what the design characteristics of product preferred by customer as a promising knowledge in developing a new product design that suit to customers based on their each personality types.
  Keywords: kansei engineering; personality types; product design.
  
  
• INTEGRATING THE ELEMENTS OF IR4.0 INTO TEACHING AND LEARNING: ARE POLYTECHNIC LECTURERS READY?  
  by Chee Sern Lai, Usha Chundran, Suhaizal Hashim, Ming Foong Lee, Ana Ana 
  Abstract: The Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0) not only alters the landscape of the industry sector, but also brings significant changes to the education sector, especially higher education. These changes include pedagogy, skills, and technology related to education. However, the question arises whether the lecturers at Higher Education Institutions, such as polytechnics, are ready to apply IR 4.0 elements in their teaching process. In relation to this question, this study was conducted to examine the level of readiness of polytechnic lecturers towards teaching and learning process based on IR 4.0 from the aspects of knowledge and skills. The survey technique was used as research design in which 222 lecturers from three polytechnics in the State of Johor were selected as respondents for the study. Questionnaire was used to obtain survey data from the respondents. The obtained data were analysed by using descriptive statistics. The findings show that the lecturers readiness in the aspects of knowledge (M=2.84; SD=0.86) and skills (M=2.69; SD=0.82) are at moderate level. In conclusion, the stakeholders, such as the Ministry of Higher Education, should take pragmatic action to improve the knowledge and skills of polytechnic lecturers so that they are better prepared to apply the IR 4.0 elements in the teaching process and subsequently produce quality graduates who are able to meet the needs of the industry.
  Keywords: Industrial Revolution 4.0; Readiness; Knowledge; Skill; Polytechnics.
  
  
• A Qualitative Method in Identifying Elements of 21st Century Skills for Student Teacher Training - Education and Technical and Vocational Training(TT-TVET)  
  by Nan Nurul Hidayah Megat Salleh, Saifullizam Puteh, Nur Farha Hassan, Amanina Muhammad Sanusi 
  Abstract: Undergraduate students in technical and vocational education have the challenge of upgrading their 21st century skills in the quality of their workforce. Preliminary studies show that teacher training students are still less skilled in their 21st century skills. This study aims to develop the 21st century skills concept framework in improving the quality of workforce for technical and vocational training teachers and vocational training students (TT-TVET) at public universities in Malaysia. The problem to improve the quality of workmanship among TT-TVET students is due 21st century skills factor that do not support the enhancement of the workmanship of TT-TVET students in their teaching and teaching. As a result, TT-TVET students are less in terms of 21st century skills and the implications of the outcome indicate that there is lack of improvement in the quality of workmanship. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the elements of 21st century skills in enhancing the quality of the work of TT-TVET students. A qualitative approach involves 15 respondents representing academia, ministries, and industry to explore the 21st century skills element to improve the quality of workmanship of TT-TVET students. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews and the data were analyzed based on thematic analysis using pencil and paper to identify the 21st century skills element of the student. The results of the analysis show that there are 16 elements in 21st century skills that can improve the quality of workability of TT-TVET students at public universities in Malaysia. Therefore, the 16 elements of 21st century skills are expected to help TT-TVET students in public universities to improve their workability.
  Keywords: Element; 21st Century Skill; Student TT-TVET.
  
  
• The Effectiveness of an Interactive Courseware use in Fraction Topic for Year Four Mathematics Learning  
  by Suhaizal Hashim, Mohd Erfy Ismail, Alias Masek, Affero Ismail, Nizamuddin Razali 
  Abstract: The use of multimedia technology has become a necessity as an effort to develop and cultivate education especially in Malaysia. However, the learning process that focuses on the classroom and relying solely on textbooks is less relevant in helping students to further develop their ideas and imagination especially in learning Mathematics. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of interactive courseware as a teaching tool in the Fraction topic for Year Four Mathematics subject. The ASSURE Model is used in the development and the combination tools of several multimedia elements such as the use of text, graphics, audio, video, and animation has been applied to help and facilitate the teaching and learning process. This interactive courseware was developed using Microsoft PowerPoint software to generate a greater understanding of the students' thinking. Pre experimental research was steered on the group with pre-test and post-test conducted on 61 Year Four students from two schools in Segamat district for four weeks. The T-test was applied to analyse the performance scores of the students with the implemented interactive courseware. The result shows that there were significant achievement differences after students used this interactive courseware. This interactive courseware did help to improve student performance and tortuously add a collection of teaching aids material for Fraction topic in Year Four Mathematics subject.
  Keywords: Interactive courseware; Mathematics; Multimedia; Fraction Topics.
  
  

Special Issue on: GLOBUSS-2019 Driving Excellence through Digital Transformation

• AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF JOB ASPIRANTS PERCEPTION TOWARDS E- RECRUITMENT PRACTICES  
  by Chand P. Saini, Ritu Yadav, K.Tara Shankar 
  Abstract: This study is primarily directed to identify the significant factors that are considered necessary during e-recruitment practices and their perceived significance level among job aspirants. Design/Methodology/ Approach: This is an empirical investigation and a sample of 200 job aspirants form National Capital Region (Gurugram, Delhi, Noida) was taken. The study used Exploratory Factor Analysis to identify factors. Identified factors are ranked on the basis of using the mean scores of the factors by using one-sample T-test and independent sample t- test was used to compare the identified factors of e- recruitment practices on the basis of gender. Findings: The study identified five factors named perceived usefulness, performance expectancy, perceived privacy risk, perceived ease of use and perceived enjoyment significant among job aspirants during e-recruitment practices. Performance expectancy factor was found to be the most contributing factor that influences the perception of job aspirants towards e-recruitment practices. Results of independent sample t-test found that perceived usefulness has significant difference on the basis of mean value among males and females. Research Limitations: This study is conducted only on job aspirants form National Capital Region (Gurugram, Delhi, Noida). To generalize the results, the study can be further conducted in other geographical locations. Practical Implications: This study may help the recruiters and e-recruitment web site developers to frame strategies.
  Keywords: Recruitment; E-recruitment practices; Job aspirants.
  
  
• Impact of Capital Structure on Indian Banking: An Empirical Analysis  
  by Archana Malik, Harjit Singh 
  Abstract: Multifarious studies have been conducted across the globe to ascertain the impact of capital structure on financial performance of various sectors and industries. Most of the studies are carried out on a thin sample size, but the present study is conducted to study the impact of capital structure on the financial performance of leading Indian public sector banks listed on the National Stock Exchange, having relatively large set of data. The study scrutinises the impact of the capital structure on the profitability of public sector banks in India. The study used standard deviation, mean, and financial ratios along with regression analysis. The findings conclude that EPS has a negative correlation, whereas ROE has a positive correlation. The study has implications to investor community, academia and future researchers as it raises the question as to what extent there is a relationship between capital structure and profitability of the banks.
  Keywords: capital structure; return on equity; ROE; return on investment; ROI; earnings per share; EPS; correlation; regression analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10033557
   
  
• RETENTION SWIRL: Tool creation to understand factors effecting employee retention in entrepreneurial firms  
  by Shivangi Saxena, Suman Shokeen 
  Abstract: In this technological era, human minds and the employee in the organisations are the biggest assets. An entrepreneurial firm have this talent pool in limited number and the completion of the goals, realisation of the vision and the mission of the firm solely depends upon the dedication, hard work and loyalty of the employees. The key employee in any firm plays the most crucial role in the smooth sailing of the business and so in this cut-throat competitive environment, it is particularly important to retain those key employees. This paper extracts the list of factors that affect the employee retention in the entrepreneurial firms in service industry. These factors are further explained through a model termed as retention swirl. The framework is developed using five factors effecting retention, which are further divided into ten attributes. This tool can be used in further defining and designing of retention strategies in entrepreneurial firms.
  Keywords: entrepreneurial firms; retention strategies; service industry; small firms; human resource management; employee retention; factor analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10039834
   
  
• Factors impacting digital buyers decision: Role played by Virtual Store and Social Networking sites (SNS) as selling medium for Consumer Electronics.  
  by MALVIKA TOMAR, AMIT KUMAR PANDEY 
  Abstract: This paper is an attempt to give meaningful insights into the changes that have occurred over recent years into decision-making method of digital patron due to frequent usage of e-store and high involvement with interactive websites called social media effect. In Todays scenario on an average a user spends at the least two hours on Internet to carry out numerous activities and comprises of populace from generation Y and Z in majority having intellect and purchasing power. Their shopping decision isnt confined and driven by need for the items instead these days it immensely impacted by activities run on or by e-commerce and social networking sites thats works as selling and consumers mind shaping medium indirectly. This paper tries to discover all those elements from e-store, social media and user generated content on internet that impacts consumer thoughts and frame conceptual model. Additionally, it tries to gauge if there exits significant difference in purchase behaviour of among various consumer demographic categories with regard to the extracted factors from above derived three constructs and thereupon generate verticals of online purchasers and gives insights into the marketing strategy to be used to capture them by the companies.
  Keywords: online shopping; internet shopping; digital marketing; social media shopping; social media marketing; virtual shopping; digital shopping; digital buying; decision making; consumer behaviour.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10035909
   
  
• PREDICTIVE ROLE OF QUALITY OF WORK LIFE ON EMPLOYEE WELL BEING: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF SELECTED SOLAR POWER ORGANIZATIONS OF INDIA  
  by Divya Goel 
  Abstract: Employee well-being is an important concern for any organisation to ensure high performance and productivity from employees. Present study focused on understanding and exploring the predictive role played by quality of work life in ensuring employee well-being. The rationale was to explore the association between employee well-being and the different dimensions of quality of work life. The paper used quantitative approach and data was collected from 117 employees of chosen organisations from solar power sector. The variables were assessed using a self-designed tool for measuring the eight dimensions of QWL based on model of Walton (1973) and the general health questionnaire (Goldberg and Williams, 1988) for measuring employee well-being. The findings support the hypothesised relationships and indicate that QWL does predict employee well-being. The present study suggests that ensuring good QWL will lead to self-driven and vigorous talent base, thereby leading to enhanced employee performance.
  Keywords: quality of work life; QWL; employee well-being; solar power organisations; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10039839
   
  
• Determinant Factors Influencing Green Purchase Intention of Millennials in Delhi/NCR and Green Consumer Needs  
  by Samriti Mahajan, Rajat Gera 
  Abstract: Green consumption is witnessing an exceptional escalating trend among the millennials the educated lot who are more conscious or progressively aware of their natural and social responsibility. This study attempts to understand green purchase intentions of young educated millennials on theory of planned behaviour (TPB) with the two additional constructs i.e., eco-consciousness and Socially responsible consumption. Alongside that we will aim to ponder the significant issues in green consumer behaviour identified with green needs and segmentation. As how green products are designed to upgrade consumers utility. Using cross-sectional descriptive research design, data were collected from 250 millennials from Delhi/NCR. The factors were identified through exploratory factor analysis and then validated through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The model was finally tested with structural equation modelling (AMOS-SEM). Thus, the study saliently validates and extends TPB framework in a unique way linking three constructs eco-consciousness, attitude for green purchase and most importantly, socially responsible consumption that has been untouched in extant studies.
  Keywords: eco-consciousness; theory of planned behaviour; TPB; theory of planned behaviour framework; green consumer needs; socially responsible consumption; green purchase; attitude; green segmentation; consumer behaviour; millennials; collectivism.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2024.10054254
   
  
• An Empirical Research On GAIL  
  by Chanchal Chauhan, Hem Shweta Rathore, Satish Kumar Matta 
  Abstract: Ratio analysis is simply the process to examine the intrinsic worth of the company to find the best market price for investment purposes. This paper analyses the performance of GAIL by using ratio analysis and ANOVA. Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL) is taken for this study because it is a government sector company and deals in various products like natural gas, petrochemical, etc. it also shows a very good image in the stock market in terms of earning profit. GAIL trading profit is expected to remain constant because of its exposure to the US. Secondary data is used for the study. Ratio analysis is the process of analysing the performance and cost-effectiveness of the company. For analysing performance liquidity ratio, activity ratio, profitability ratio, market-based ratio, mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, ANOVA, and spread is calculated.
  Keywords: liquidity ratio; activity ratio; profitability ratio; market-based ratio; mean; standard deviation; coefficient of variation; ANOVA.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10041104
   
  
• Leveraging Technical Analysis & Artificial Intelligence - Optimization of Global Portfolio Management through World Indices  
  by Nitin Kulshrestha, Vishal Kamra, Shalini Aggarwal 
  Abstract: The motivation of this research is to analyse portfolio optimisation through technical analysis and artificial intelligence through stock indices of the world market. Technical report, include RSI, MACD, moving average and other indicators. The present research based on technical analysis, more precisely, exponential moving average crossover on three world indices, i.e., Nifty (India), Dow Jones (USA), Nikkei (Japan) from 2016 to 2019, with the help of Ami-broker software to develop investing and trading model through AFL code language 6.20 version. After comparing technical analysis (AI) and buy and hold results, our results show, technical trading strategy, along with AI, outperforms the results. All the selected indices generate more returns and less Risk to compare with buy and hold strategy.
  Keywords: artificial intelligence; technical analysis; indicators; backtest; EMA crossover; Nifty Index; Portfolio; Nifty; Dow Jones; Nikkei.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10036853
   
  
• Investigating and analysing critical factors for the adoption of Green Banking practices.  
  by AKANKSHA UPADHYAYA, Shikha Dua, Smita Mishra 
  Abstract: To reduce carbon footprints from all the banking activities and to stimulate environment-friendly practices, the concept of Green Banking came into light. Gradual scarcity of natural resources, increase in global warming, ecological imbalance, population growth, and many other reasons caused clenching such type of initiative by government and financial institutions in one of the significant sectors of the society i.e. banking sector. Since banking activities are indirectly related to the environment and cause indirect but substantial impact, hence to reduce carbon footprints banks must aid such products, process, and technology that reduces environmental damage and mechanized constructive relation between environmental and financial performance. The aim of this study to investigate various factors that directly or indirectly affect the practices of green banking. These factors create a positive impact on the rise in green banking practices if adopted by the banks. The study includes internal and external factors that create a direct and indirect impact on the rise of green banking practices. The internal factors positively contributing towards an increase in green banking are Reduced cost, ease and convenience, social responsibility, reputation, environmental sustainability, and external factors include Internet penetration, e-payments, government initiative and technology awareness among people.The framework purposed in the study contains novelty in the sense that few types of research have emphasized internal & external factors with special reference to a particular country.
  Keywords: Green banking; financial institution; environment sustainability; global warming; e-payments; online banking green coin rating; social responsibility; CSR.
  
  

Special Issue on: Sustainable Performance Management Systems in Public Sector Developments and Future Directions

• The impact of the China Stock market on global financial markets during COVID-19  
  by Khakan Najaf, ALICE CHIN 
  Abstract: This study aims to investigate the reasons behind the world stock markets fastest fall on 13th March 2020 (Black Friday) by using the global data. We argue that the event of Black Friday takes place due to investors fear of the COVID-19 pandemic and China stock market. We gather the daily time series data of the stock market indices covering the one-year period from 14th March 2019 to 13th March 2020. A graphical representation is used to show the trend of global indices. Also, the pool OLS regression model is applied to estimate the impact of COVID-19 and China stock market on the world financial markets. The empirical results show that the lagged value of China stock market and COVID-19 are significantly affecting the foreign indices. The findings depict a unidirectional relationship between China and global stock markets, meaning that the volatility of global stock markets at the time (t) is explained by China stock market closing value of yesterday (t 1). The single most important contribution of this study is to reveal the fact about the steepest one-day fall of stock markets on 13th March 2020, which takes place since October 1987 (Black Monday).
  Keywords: China Stock Exchange; COVID-19; unidirectional; Black Monday; China.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10035309
   
  
• ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SUSTAINABILITY GOALS: MEASURING STRATEGIES FOR OFFERING SUPPORT SERVICES TO ENTREPRENEURS IN NIGERIA  
  by Temitope Onileowo, Merlinda Farrah, Khairuddin Mohd 
  Abstract: This study examined the impact of entrepreneurial support services on entrepreneurship development and sustainability goals in Nigeria. Specifically, the study assessed the impact of capital adequacy and analysed the impact of technological support on entrepreneurship development sustainability in Ekiti State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey research design was adopted; primary data were collected from undergraduates across three tertiary institutions used in Ekiti State. Data gathered in the study were estimated using ordinary least regression analysis. Findings indicated an insignificant positive association between capital adequacy and entrepreneurship development with coefficient estimates of 0.144293 (p = 0.3959 > 0.05) and a significant positive relationship between technological support and entrepreneurship development with an estimated value of 0.489144 (p = 0.0012 < 0.05). Hence, the study suggested that the government should provide a steady power supply to encourage entrepreneurial growth and sustain industrial output. Existing and intending entrepreneurs should learn technological skills to improve marketing strategy and attain a better competitive advantage.
  Keywords: entrepreneurship; entrepreneurship development; capital adequacy; technological support.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2021.10042522
   
  
• The Role of Psychological Contract Fulfillment in Public Sector Organizations  
  by Phuong Van Nguyen, Chinh Tung Pham, Toan Bao Le, Khoa T. Tran 
  Abstract: This study investigates the role of psychological contract fulfilment in public sector organisations and examines its effect on employees perceptions of organisational justice. The target population was civil servants working in the Department of Natural Resources and Environment in Long An Province, Vietnam. We used partial least squares structural equation modelling with the support of SmartPLS to analyse data collected from 488 civil servants. The empirical results reveal that psychological contract fulfilment positively influences organisational justice. Moreover, both procedural justice and interactional justice were found to have positive relationships with employee engagement, while distributive justice had no significant relationship with employee engagement. By focusing on public sector organisations, this paper contributes to the insufficient literature on the theory of psychological contract fulfilment in Vietnam. Moreover, the results allow us to offer meaningful insights and recommendations for implementing psychological contracts in a public sector context.
  Keywords: psychological contract fulfilment; organisational justice; distributive justice; procedural justice; interactional justice; employee engagement.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2021.10047923
   
  

Special Issue on: ICRTBEV 2020 Recent Trends in Business and Entrepreneurial Ventures

• Organizational Culture and Climate: A Conceptual study from Different perspectives  
  by Arnab Kumar Samanta, Pranam Dhar 
  Abstract: With the worldwide globalization trend, studies on organizations and their culture and climate have gained more importance. This study examines the concept of organizational culture and climate from a variety of perspectives. This study sheds the light on the definition, conceptualization of organizational culture and climate and its impact on organizational performance and its measurement. Beginning with the problems of defining culture and the various ways in which it has been studied and analysed, the study goes on to examine the association between organizational culture and organizational performance. The study showcased number of previous studies that linked with organizational culture, climate, evolution, components and above all, it's impact on organizational behaviour and performance.
  Keywords: Organizational Culture; Climate; Employees; behaviour; performance.
  
  
• Key issues of Organisational Governance An empirical analysis  
  by Deepak Harlaka, Suresh Chandra Padhy, A. Ameer Hussain 
  Abstract: The research article studies the possibility of involvement of larger group of stakeholders including employees, vendors and customers in ensuring better corporate governance. It analyses the merits of inclusion of these stakeholders in organisational governance in addition to management group and auditors. A survey was conducted among a sample of 70 stakeholders of a manufacturing company including employees, vendors and customers. The outcome of the survey concludes that the enlarged group of stakeholders involvements in governance process has significant positive association in ensuring better governance and enterprise risk management. Where ever the awareness is high on corporate governance, the possibility of identifying and reporting the unethical practices is high. Hence, additional stakeholder plays a greater role in the corporate governance of the organisation and their hidden potential should be unleashed. The company also needs to take necessary steps to provide proper secure platform for these new stakeholders to report any unethical issue related to corporate governance.
  Keywords: corporate governance; CG; audit committee; AC; enterprise risk management; ERM; internal audit; IA; risk-based internal audit; RBIA; board of directors; BOD; chief audit executive; CAE.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2020.10039323
   
  
• Entrepreneurial Intention among Undergraduates of Business Private Universities in Yangon, Myanmar  
  by Aung Thu Win, Badruddin Bin Nordin, Ali Ameen, Amiya Bhaumik 
  Abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of personality traits on entrepreneurial intention among undergraduates of business private universities in Yangon. This study used a cross-sectional design and quantitative approach. Data was collected from 278 students of the 2019-2020 academic year using a simple random sampling method through a self-administered questionnaire to collect the data. After removing questionnaires with missing data, 263 questionnaires were finally taken into analysis. For data analysis, descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used. Results showed that locus of control, need for achievement, propensity to take risks, and innovativeness have a significant effect while tolerance for ambiguity and self-confidence have an insignificant effect on entrepreneurial intention. Among the variables, the need for achievement has the strongest effect on entrepreneurial intention.
  Keywords: Personality traits; Entrepreneurial intention; Business Private Universities.
  
  
• Critical Factors Affecting Adoption of Nepals e-Government Services: A Literature Review  
  by Mohan Maharjan, Sabindra Maharjan, Roopesh Shrestha, Bivab Neupane, Ali Ameen 
  Abstract: The wide acceptance of Information and Communication Technologies by various Government introduces new challenges and opportunities to deliver quality online e-services to its stakeholders. The research aims is to discover the critical factors affecting the adoption of Nepals e-services. Till now, there is no significant research conducted in citizens acceptance of e-services. To achieve this aim, the analytical descriptive methodology has been used. This research uses Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology as theoretical model to discover citizens perspective toward acceptance of e-services. Based on the intensive literature review, the key factors that affecting e-government factors are Trust, Website Quality, Performance, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, Facilitation Condition, Trust, Website Quality, Behaviour Intention, and Use Behaviour. This research recommends contacting scientific research to measures a mediating effect of the factor of Behaviour Intention between Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, Performance Expectancy, Facilitation Condition, Trust and Website Quality with Use Behaviour.
  Keywords: e-services; Trust; Website quality; UTAUT.
  
  
• Changing Trends of Remittances on Economic Development in the Member Countries of BRICS  
  by Debasish Biswas, Chanchal Dey 
  Abstract: The paper attempts to inquire the implications of remittances on economic development using panel data of the five member countries of BRICS during 2008-2018. In this period, these counties have witnessed varying degrees in the flux of remittances. We reviewed the existing literature in order to study the kind of linkages remittances share with economic development. We have validated our study with the help of panel data analysis and have applied fixed as well as random effects model. Our econometric analysis found that remittances have considerable influence on economic development.
  Keywords: remittances; economic development; panel Data; BRICS.
  
  
• Perceived perception and preparedness of IFRS adoption among accounting professionals  
  by Harjit Singh, Neha Puri 
  Abstract: IFRS establishes international standards which is relevant for the organization to present effective financial reporting as per international standards. A uniform set of international norms would make organizations to adopt one reporting language. It would also offer creditors and auditors a holistic view of finance. The research undertaken, studies the level of preparation of the accounting professionals to recognize and view result-based IFRS training in India. This research adopted, the method of survey research to gather stakeholder opinion, particularly the professional accountant. The exploratory research sought to investigate how attitude towards International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) change depending on the personal attributes of CPAs (LeJeune, 2013). The present study helps overcome a gap in the literature by providing respondent results which are more likely to have favorable attitude towards IFRS training based on their demographic characteristics.
  Keywords: Accounting; Training; IFRS; Audit; Accounting Professionals.
  
  
• Non-Farm Activities in Rural & Backward Area - A Study on Artisans from Birbhum District of West Bengal, India  
  by Sriparna Guha, Anirban Mandal, Pranam Dhar, Sandeep Poddar 
  Abstract: The artisans and handicraft sector are regarded as one of rural India's non-agricultural activities. The artisan has enormous potential for the country's economic development. It is considered to be one of the most important jobs in India. Several studies on the artisans have suggested that an immediate action plan must be prepared to protect the handicraft industry through skill training programmes. The craft industry has the ability to provide diverse communities and those with different rates of education with productive jobs and income generation. Philanthropy is desperately required to realize the economic potential of craftsmanship by investing in high-performance scalable models of sustainable livelihoods. The current paper aims to discuss and evaluate the survival of the poor and their managing poverty in selected parts of West Bengal's Birbhum district.
  Keywords: Artisan; Handicraft Sector; Sustainable Livelihood; Non- Agricultural Activity.
  
  
• RAGGING AND ITS ALLOTROPISM: A CURSE TO INDIVIDUAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL & SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN WEST BENGAL  
  by Biswajit Choudhury, Abhijit Ghosh 
  Abstract: ABSTRACTrnCulture is the backbone of our society. Education helps us to realize the necessity of forming good cultures for the sake of ourselves. After the formation of society as the time progresses, we have modified our different existing cultures, to be updated and to make us able to compete with progressive world. The scope of our cultural aspects is not bound by mentioning it to a defined subject, but its evaluating pattern through geological times raise its importance to be discussed in many subjects. As an important branch of Human geography cultural aspects confirm its study as cultural geography. But unfortunately, a question surely arise that if we are the supreme community of world, why are we carrying with us some evil cultures knowing their harmfulness? If we are conscious about their damage level in our personal and social life, why are we not trying actively to remove those? As we are passing through tough calculated life, can we mark for its reason our self-centeredness? Fear? Compromising mentality with our wrongness? Or some intensity to harm others? Different forms of ragging nakedly expose as a curse of our society & challenging to sustain due to the lack of our good will power. If we believe what we say All men are equal, we should make an altogether effort to abolish those evils and should not indulge individually in the thought that when I would be victimized, I would engage myself in social movrn
  Keywords: Abolish; Challenging; Conscious; Harmfulness; Centeredness.
  
  
• Organizational Performance from Resource-Based View: A study of Public Service Sector in the United Arab Emirates  
  by Gamal S. A. Khalifa, Abdulla A. S. A. Alkheyi, Md Sazzad Hossain, Safaa El-Aidie, Khaled M. Alneadi, Baharu K. Alhaj 
  Abstract: This study contributes to the literature on career decisions on strategic leadership activity and knowledge sharing by introducing a resource-based approach to the forecasting of organisational performance. The study design was accompanied by a quantitative approach using a questionnaire to gather data from the Department of Municipal Affairs employees in the UAE. A total of around 500 questionnaires were provided and 405 related answers were collected. Structural equation modelling-partial least square was used as a statistical tool to verify the effects of the hypotheses. The findings of this study: 1) strategic leadership practice has a significant impact on knowledge sharing; 2) knowledge sharing mediates significantly between strategic leadership practice and organisational performance; 3) knowledge sharing has a significant impact on organisational performance. This study illustrates the importance of organisational efficiency in municipal affairs as a public service industry, and offers a new understanding to improve its effectiveness. The findings of this study could enable municipal organisations to improve their organisational performance.
  Keywords: strategic leadership practice; SLP; organisational performance; knowledge sharing; resource-based view; RBV; United Arab Emirates.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2021.10047912
   
  

Special Issue on: INCONSYSM 2020 Performance Management Systems in the Digital Era

• Organizational Structure as a Facilitator for Transforming Knowledge Management Practices in Indian Real Estate Industry  
  by Arpana Kumari, Teena Saharan 
  Abstract: Knowledge management happens to be lifeline of an organisation especially in service industry, which survives on knowledge generation for business operations. Real estate sector as a major contributor in countrys economic growth can aim to disrupt the knowledge management practices to serve its stakeholders better. Organisational structure with components, division of work, power, line of authority, and communication flow can leverage execution of knowledge management practice. This paper examines influence of organisational structure on knowledge management practice (knowledge creation, knowledge accumulation, knowledge disbursement and knowledge application) in real estate firms. Responses from employees of real estate firms of Delhi and National Capital Region of India was analysed with data reduction and multiple regression. Knowledge recording, rewarding for knowledge sharing, knowledge application and top management support to knowledge management are presented under knowledge management practices. Direct influence of organisational structure on knowledge management practices in Indian real estate sector was discussed.
  Keywords: knowledge management; organisational structure; knowledge management practices; KMPs; real estate.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2021.10043228
   
  
• The Effectiveness of a 360-degree Performance Appraisal in the Digital Era.  
  by Deepika Pandita 
  Abstract: This paper aims to study and evaluate the effectiveness of a 360-degree performance appraisal across various companies in the digital era. Primary research was conducted in order to collect data. A questionnaire was built and was sent to 100 random employees through e-mail and various social media tools. The results were collated, and statistical analysis (multivariate regression) was conducted to arrive at a conclusion. Five factors contribute to the effectiveness of a 360-degree performance appraisal overall organisational performance, employee performance, and employee motivation, employee job satisfaction, training and development, and succession planning. A statistical analysis multivariate regression has shown that 69% variations in the effectiveness of a 360-degree performance appraisal are caused by variations in overall organisational performance, employee performance, employee job satisfaction, training and development, and succession planning. The study will help the HR and senior management in organisations appreciate the importance of a 360-degree performance appraisal and implement a robust appraisal system in their organisations. The study aims to identify the factors that contribute to a 360-degree performance appraisal across various organisations, primarily in the era of digitalisation.
  Keywords: 360-degree performance appraisal; succession planning; job satisfaction; employee motivation; productivity; career; feedback.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2021.10044169
   
  
• Exploring Hybrid HRM And Its Impact on Employee Performance  
  by Jeevan Jyoti, Rinku Sanjeev, Ankita Gupta 
  Abstract: The primary purpose of this study is to conceptualise, develop and validate a scale to measure the hybrid human resource management. Further, the impact of hybrid human resource management (HRM) has also been evaluated. The data obtained have been duly validated through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis by using a sample of 258 respondents. Structural equation modelling has been used for hypotheses testing. The results reveal that hybrid HRM is a multidimensional construct that consists of high performance management (HPM), high commitment management (HCM) and high involvement management (HIM) practices. Further, the results also indicate that hybrid HRM positively affects employee performance. Finally, the theoretical implications, managerial implications and limitations have also been discussed.
  Keywords: high performance management; HPM; hybrid human resource management; high commitment management; HCM; high involvement management; HIM; employee performance; structural equation modelling; scale validation; exploratory factor analysis; EFA; confirmatory factor analysis; CFA; multidimensional construct.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2021.10043231
   
  
• Sources of Innovation, Innovation Capability and Firm Competitiveness - A SEM- Mediation Analysis in Apparel Manufacturing Firms  
  by Mitu Matta, Sanjeev Verma 
  Abstract: Purpose In a volatile environment, it is imperative for firms to develop the innovation capabilities. It is observed that a firm builds on its innovation capability through internal and external sources of innovation, thereby enhancing competitiveness.rnDesign/methodology/approach A descriptive research design was adopted. Data was collected from a sample of 300 respondents in Delhi NCR. Data was analyzed using advanced statistical techniques - SEM mediation, using SPSS and AMOS. rnFindings The study reveals that source of innovation is significantly related to innovation capability and firm competitiveness. Innovation Capability significantly mediates relationships between sources of innovation and firm competitiveness in case of apparel manufacturing firms. rnOriginality/value The major implications are drawn as how the apparel manufacturing firms can capitalize on the various innovation sources to develop their innovation capability and thereby, competitiveness in the VUCA environment. rn
  Keywords: Keywords: Sources of Innovation; Innovation Capability; Firm Competitiveness; Apparel Firms.
  
  
• Exploring the Factors for Sustainable Organisation via Employee-Employer Relationship  
  by Radha Yadav, Narendra Singh, Dharmendra Kumar 
  Abstract: The purpose of the paper is to explore the required factors for a sustainable organisation with respect to the employee-employer relationship. The variables were identified on the basis of maximum citation and the latest work available from 2000 to 2020 on employee-employer relationship and sustainable organisation in Google Scholar. The present study found that sustainable leadership, organisation trust; justice and structure, self-efficacy, employee engagement, employee motivation, transparency and communication are crucial variables for creating sustainable organisation according to the variables related to the employee-employer relationship. This study further provides valuable insights on the important variables which will help build a strong relationship between employee and employer for sustainable organisational growth.
  Keywords: sustainable organisation performance; sustainable organisation; employee-employer relationship; sustainable leadership.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2024.10054404
   
  
• Impediments to the Performance of Education Policy in India: Modelling using ISM and MICMAC Technique  
  by Deepika Joshi 
  Abstract: The presented paper is aimed to identify the critical barriers that influences the performance of the education policy in India. A survey data was collected from 50 senior administrators associated with policy projects in India. Contextual relationship between the considered set of barriers is established using ISM technique. This paper contributes by providing a theoretical model that conceptualises the issues related to governance, accountability, structure and control mechanism in the policy process. Findings from this research indicates that policy formulation and its implementation are the driving barriers towards the performance of education policy. The conclusive framework from this research can be useful to those apex institutions that are planning for long range policy programmes. Further, directions to statistically validate the model is proposed for improving the performance of Indian education sector.
  Keywords: Impediments; Education policy; Performance; ISM; MICMAC.
  
  
• A study of Enablers that facilitate successful data driven Performance Management Systems  
  by Devika Perayil, Rachana Deshpande, Nehajoan Panackal 
  Abstract: Purpose- Data driven decision making commonly known as analytics in Performance management is one of the crucial areas for an employee and the organisation. This study attempts to study the enablers or the variables that facilitate the implementation of analytics in performance management systems(PMS). rnrnResearch Design-The researchers have adopted the Total Interpretative Structural Modelling (TISM) approach for the study. The methodology started with extant literature review to identify enablers which were validated through expert opinion. The expert opinion was converted into Structural Self Interaction Matrix, reachability matrix and the model was derived. rnFindings- The findings of the study showed that Governance is important to smoothly implement data driven PMS. Knowledge management practices helped capture information related to key result areas, it also supported future functions. A competent HR professional, strong data infrastructure support, strategic cascading for clear well defined goals and organizational culture were also responsible for enabling data driven PMS.rnrn rn
  Keywords: Enablers; Performance Management System; Data Driven; Total Interpretative Structural Modeling.
  
  
• IMPACT OF SUPERVISOR, CO-WORKER, EXTERNAL SOCIAL SUPPORT AND SOCIAL NETWORK ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION PERSPECTIVES IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATIONS  
  by INDRANIL MUTSUDDI, Chandranshu Sinha 
  Abstract: Retention of employees had become a daunting challenge for information technology (IT) organisations in India. As the existing management literature on employee retention had focused only upon organisational, psychological and contextual issues, an attempt was made to explore the opinion of respondents from selected IT firms in the NCR of Delhi whether social factors like supervisor, co-worker, external social support and social networks had implications on their intention to stay. Using a descriptive research design, the study randomly collected data from 225 respondents. Using structural equation modelling (SEM), the research presented an empirical model indicating that social network mediated the relationship of co-worker and supervisor support on employee intention to stay. Supervisor support had significant influence on employee intention to stay, apart from influencing social network and co-worker support. The empirical model further showed that external support did not have significant implications on employee intention to stay.
  Keywords: employee intention to stay; supervisor support; co-worker support; external social support; social network; employee retention; information technology organisations.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2021.10046871
   
  

Special Issue on: ICBPIPS 2020 Fostering Innovation in Business Practices Role of the Public Sector

• Financial Analysis of the Indian Leather Industry Using Management Efficiency Ratio and Two-Way ANOVA  
  by GAURAV SHARMA, Rachit Agarwal 
  Abstract: To evaluate a companys investment prospects, it is important to look at its financial success from a particular perspective. Management performance ratios compare a companys assets to its sales or profit figures, giving customers insight into the companys capabilities. The management performance of five major leather industry players is measured in this study. Stock turnover, debtor turnover, investment turnover, fixed asset turnover, and total assets turnover ratios are all taken into account when calculating companies efficiency. From 2016 to 2020, the research was carried out. To test the hypothesis, two-way ANOVA has been used. The result suggested that the null hypothesis for all ratios between the group is rejected but for the investment turnover ratio between the group null hypothesis could not be rejected. The study will be helpful for the customers and investors in their decision making and to check the soundness and efficiency of the company comparatively.
  Keywords: management efficiency; financial ratio analysis; leather industry; turnover ratios; financial statements; efficiency ratios; financial performance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2021.10046870
   
  
• Impact of Pandemic on Trade: Jewellery and Pharmaceutical Products  
  by Radhika Arora, Monika Arora 
  Abstract: The impact of coronavirus pandemic on India has been largely disruptive in terms of economic activities as well as loss of human lives. Almost all the countries worldwide were affected as the movement was restricted this led to disruption in the demand-supply cycle. Hence, trade plummeted but there were some notable exceptions. The pharmaceutical product sector being a major example of the exception as we observed high rise as compared to the forecast based on last 5 years data. In contrast to that sectors like jewellery and precious metals saw a steep decline in its trade trajectory as compared for the forecast for the year 2020 when the pandemic spread.
  Keywords: COVID-19; Lockdown; Trade balance; Deseasonalizing; Trend line; Cyclic variation.
  
  
• INFLAPRO -The inflation protected return on investment applicable to Fixed deposit.  
  by Brahmadesam Venkataraman 
  Abstract: As an innovation to the bank interest calculation of existing uniform rate, the author has brought out a method known as INFLAPRO, the inflation protected return on investment, particularly applicable to Fixed deposits. This is entirely different from the erstwhile diminishing balance method also. The additional input parameter is the rate inflation protection. In this innovation, the initial instalment is obtained as per the authors web-based program, and subsequently other instalments for the entire term progressively calculated as per the given rate of inflation protection. Thus, providing the inflation protection for the entire term. The implications are transformation or transition in interest calculation and its allocation, innovation in accounting practice. Also, there is versatility of the INFLAPRO to cater to all the three methods of diminishing balance, Equated instalment and positive INFLAPRO.
  Keywords: accounting; banking; finance; Inflation protection; macroeconomics; return on investment.
  
  
• BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF BRAND TRUST AND BRAND LOYALTY RELATIONSHIP: A RESEARCH AGENDA  
  by Avneet Kaur, Sujata Khandai, Jones Mathew 
  Abstract: The aim of this study is to summarise the research on the relation between brand trust and brand loyalty conducted over the past two decades and to identify research gaps for further examination. The analysis method adopted is a dual approach: first, data tabulation of extant literature using MS Excel sheets and bar graphs; second, a bibliometric analysis using the VOSviewer application. The sum of citations, keywords, writers, journals, institutes, and countries are examined in both approaches. Elseviers SCOPUS database has been used to extract 286 articles from 2001 to 2021. The research aims to assess how an understanding of the relation between brand trust and brand loyalty has evolved over the period and its growth potential and future prospects.
  Keywords: brand trust; brand loyalty; bibliometric; VOSviewer; SCOPUS.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2021.10047919
   
  
• The role of inclusive leadership in facilitating electronic learning during Coronavirus Disease 2019 in marginalised schools in Zimbabwe  
  by Rosemary Guvhu 
  Abstract: The study examines how school principals enact inclusive leadership practices in promoting E-learning in 300 marginalised schools in Zimbabwe during the COVID-19 pandemic being guided by the Inclusive Leadership Framework. Three hundred principals completed a randomly distributed structured questionnaire for quantitative data. Twenty purposively selected principals participated in focus group interviews and documentary analysis. Descriptive and inferential statistics computed through SPSS software were used to analyse quantitative data. Qualitative results were thematically analysed. The study discovered variations in how principals applied four defined inclusive leadership practices for E-learning, implying that they seldom produced change, shared a common vision, exercised self-awareness and sometimes built relationships to enhance E-learning. The study recommends professional development to enhance the principals competencies in implementing E-learning during the COVID-19 and similar disturbances.
  Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic; diversity; E-learning; inclusion; inclusive leadership; marginalised schools; school principal; Zimbabwe.
  
  
• Factors Affecting Impulse Buying Behavior of Online Shopping Customers in Punjab  
  by Amanpreet Pathania 
  Abstract: This research endeavours to understand the impulse buying decisions of online shopping customers. To determine the causes that influences the customers to make purchase decisions without recognising the need. The aim of research is to identify the factors that trigger the stimuli of customers and influence or restrain them to buy products without evaluating. Data has been collected with structured questionnaire and analysed with factor analysis, it showed that thirteen factors namely convenience, emotional factor, greater variety of goods and use of credit cards, relatively low price, comprehensive information about the product, marketing promotions and direct marketing, shipping services, delayed gratification, increased consumer control, price and product comparison, perception of quality and family boundaries, conscientiousness and quality of website and degree of impulsiveness are extracted as the affective factors that can motivate or restrain the customers to make sudden purchases. This research can help the marketers to frame marketing strategies.
  Keywords: internet; shopping; customers; impulsiveness; convenient; quality; website.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2021.10051156
   
  
• Impact of Meaningfulness and Flexibility at Work on Psychological Empowerment of Employees amid COVID 19  
  by Seema Wadhawan, Nidhi Gupta, Anu Bhardwaj 
  Abstract: Work is vital for an individual to have significant life and presence in an organisation. Employees do work that is interesting, gives identity and meaning to their lives. Meaningfulness of work refers to the feeling of satisfaction, association, recognition, and greater opportunity for the employee. In todays scenario, workplace and culture are significant for any employee along with work. Flexibility at work generates performance and a feeling of empowerment. Globally COVID-19 has not only impacted the lives of people but also the organisations, its cultures, and working patterns. This study aims to understand the role of meaningfulness and flexibility at work on the psychological empowerment of employees during COVID-19 crisis. A survey was administered to 600 employees in Northern India. Correlation and regression analysis showed both meaningful work and flexibility are strongly related and have a significant impact on the psychological empowerment of employees.
  Keywords: COVID-19; meaningful work; flexibility; psychological empowerment.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2021.10045667
   
  
• A study on co-integration of stock markets in India, Hong Kong and USA during COVID -19  
  by Atul Kumar 
  Abstract: The objective of the paper is to analyse the impact of COVID-19 on the co-integrating relationship amongst the Indian, US and Hong Kong markets. The data has been taken from January 2016 to April 2020. Engle and Granger method and Johansen method of co-integration was applied for the purpose. All the three market were found to be co-integrated when the whole period was considered but the long-term relationship does not exist when the analysis was done for the post COVID-19 period. One reason for the change in co-integrating relationship could be the break-down of trade linkages during the time of turbulence. The capital market not being co-integrated could be an opportunity for the international fund managers for formulating the strategies of diversification.
  Keywords: co-integration; Engle and granger method; Johansen method; error correction method; India; Hongkong; USA.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2023.10048907
   
  
• ERP Package Evaluation and Purchase Decision: AHP- Fuzzy TOPSIS Approach.  
  by Ovais Ahmed R, D.K. Mahalik 
  Abstract: ERP Solutions implemented in an organisation is an IS and resource planning package that integrates all the resources of an enterprise into a single database that can be accessed across the organisational levels with ease. From the past decade MCL (Mahanadi Coalfields Limited), Odisha, was using a Coalnet ERP system developed and customised from scratch to suit the business requirements of the Coal Industry in particular. IIT Kharagpur initially implemented the Coalnet ERP systems, and at a later stage, the project was half left due to some contract disagreements. It was stabilised in the year 2012-13. In 2018 a decision was made to adopt a standard ERP readily available in the market. An MCDM technique is involved in arriving at the best possible solution that perfectly matches the organisational requirements. We are using an AHP and Fuzzy Topsis approach for the justification of ERP package evaluation.
  Keywords: Key Words: Coalnet; ERP; Multi-criteria decision making; package; third-party; vendor; SAP; MCL; AHP; Fuzzy Topsis.
  
  
• SMEs leveraging Strategic Orientation to achieve Firm Performance A mediating role of Firm Capabilities and Competitive Advantage  
  by Parul Manchanda, Deepti Prakash 
  Abstract: The COVID-19 global pandemic has emerged as a global crisis and has put pressure on small-medium enterprises (SMEs) for their sustenance. Taking firm-level strategic orientation and the resource-based theory (RBV) as its foundation. This present work attempts to observe the association of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and firm capability (FC) on firm performance (FP). The research work explores the mediating role of FC and competitive advantage (CA). This scholarly work refers to the Rangone (1999) capabilities identified in context to SMEs. The research was carried on 343 SMEs from Delhi. SmartPLS 3 was used for data analysis. The results highlight the importance of leveraging strategic orientation (EO) and FC. Further, the present work confirms the partial mediating role of FC in the relationship of EO andFP; and the partial mediating role of CA in the relationship of EO and FP; FC and FP.
  Keywords: small-medium enterprises; SMEs; entrepreneurial orientation; firm capability; firm performance; competitive advantage.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2021.10048591
   
  
• Mediating Role of Organisational Agility for Knowledge Management and Corporate Sustainable Development-An Empirical Investigation of Indian Organisations  
  by Sunil Kumar, Manoj Mishra, Nidhi Sharma 
  Abstract: The present research has examined the contribution of knowledge management on corporate sustainable development. In this study, knowledge management along with all other its components namely, application, acquisition and dissemination of knowledge were used to assess its impact on corporate sustainable development in the presence of organisational agility. The two theories, namely, theory of knowledge management and theory of sustainable development forms the basis of the present study. The data was collected from 440 respondents from small and medium-scale manufacturing companies. Purposive sampling has been used for the purpose of this study. Data was analysed using SPSS (version 22) and AMOS (version 22). Mediation analysis has been done using PROCESS macro given by Hayes. The outcome of the study confirmed that all attributes of knowledge management has significant impact on corporate sustainable development. Further, it was found that organisational agility has meditating effect between knowledge management and corporate sustainable development.
  Keywords: knowledge management; corporate sustainable development; CSD; organisational agility; Indian organisation; SMEs; mediation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2025.10056517
   
  

Special Issue on: SIMSARC'20 The Five Trillion Dollar Economy of India Opportunities and Challenges

• Exploring the nexus between Accessibility to credit and Economic well-being at the Grassroots: Evidence from the Indian Microfinance Model  
  by Vanishri Hundekar, M.M. Munshi 
  Abstract: India is one of the fastest-growing economies in the world. Poverty remains a significant problem in many areas of the world despite the new age of globalisation. Extant literature has revealed that the microfinance model is the best intervention for better access to credit and poverty alleviation. This study investigates the impact of access to credit through microfinance channels, on Economic wellbeing at the grassroots. The research design is exploratory in nature. In analysing the relationship and impact among variables, paired t-test, multiple regression, one-way analysis was adopted. The results revealed that the microfinance interest rates, products/services, loan cycle and beneficiaries period of association with microfinance program had a substantial impact on economic welfare of the grassroots. It also illustrated the relations between government policies, microfinance programs, and poverty alleviation initiatives. These outcomes have operational and institutional implications for the functioning of microfinance programs in emerging economy, such as India.
  Keywords: microfinance; poverty alleviation; economic well-being; SHG; accessibility to credit; microcredit.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2021.10048255
   
  
• Privacy over instant messaging platforms; are users making the right decisions?  
  by Jayanta Banerjee, Prabha Kiran, Krishna Kishore S V, Vasudevan M 
  Abstract: This article explores the impact of perceived vulnerability, self-efficacy, resistance to change, and habit on users perception of privacy over users intention to use messaging platforms. The conceptual model includes perceived vulnerability, self-efficacy, resistance to change, habit, and its impact on users perception of privacy over users intention to use messaging platforms. A structural equation and hierarchical regression model were used for data analysis. The results show that age and profession affect peoples decision of shifting to a different platform significantly. The study is based on a few specific instant messaging platforms at one particular point in time and is undertaken in India; hence, the findings cannot be extended/applicable to other countries. The paper discusses the factors impacting the users sensitivity to data privacy while using a communication application through an electronic device, especially a mobile phone.
  Keywords: instant messaging platform; data privacy; information privacy; privacy concern.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2021.10048256
   
  
• Cyberdeviance among Students A Multidimensional Scaling Approach  
  by Senthil Kumar A, Ramesh S, Budha Anuradha 
  Abstract: Cyberdeviance off late has been gaining a lot of attention because of the increased use. Educational institutions have also made the internet available to its student to improve their exposure to various educational information. Hence, it becomes essential to identify a model that helps understand college factors to cyberdivert. The study focused on assessing whether college students are involved in cyberdeviation and the demographic effect on internet behaviour and cyberdeviance. The multidimensional approach was used to understand cyberdeviance. Data were collected from 264 students using convenience sampling in Bengaluru city, India. The study found that the respondents prefer to use the internet mainly for games and prefer least for theft, harassment, adult content, and hacking. They misused the internet due to the fear of unemployment and were involved in internet fraud to deploy knowledge.
  Keywords: cyberdeviance; cybercrime; education; internet; multidimensional scaling; MDS; technology; university students.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2021.10048257
   
  
• Evaluation of End-User Satisfaction in Coalnet ERP Systems Using the EUCS Model.  
  by R. Ovais Ahmed, Debendra Kumar Mahalik 
  Abstract: Organisation across the Globe has seen increasing use of enterprise software with varied reasons, i.e., cost reduction, transparency, integration etc. In this respect, Mahanadi Coalfields Limited (MCL), a subsidiary of Coal India Ltd, has implemented Coalnet ERP systems for the past ten years. Various researcher and practitioners across the globe are evaluating the ERP solution due to the involvement of resources like money, time, etc. In this regard, the study aims to analyse the end-user satisfaction of Coalnet ERP systems. We have used Doll & Torkzadeh EUCS instrument for evaluation. Satisfied end-users contribute to the well-being of an organisation and helps them in achieving their goals. Data is obtained from 15 items in six dimensions of EUCS model, using a questionnaire. The sample is 341. SPSS & AMOS is used. The result obtained shows end-users are satisfied to a moderate extent. The model was considered fit.
  Keywords: enterprise resource planning; ERP; CoalNet; end-user computing satisfaction; EUCS; survey; model; Mahanadi Coalfields Limited; MCL; SPSS; AMOS.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2021.10048258
   
  
• FOSTERING FLAT AND MODULAR DISASTER RESPONSE STRUCTURES IN INDIA BY INTEGRATING FREE AND OPEN SOURCE SOLUTIONS  
  by RAJAT MOHAN BHATT, Deepali Garge 
  Abstract: This study has analysed the perception of stakeholders regarding feasibility and acceptance of Free and Open-source software (FOSS) to foster flat and modular disaster response structures. In a disaster response scenario, responders are from groups with differing work cultures but have to quickly bond, collaborate and create dynamic networks to work efficiently. They can be empowered if the organisational structure is flat and not hierarchical. Quantitative data from a stratified sample of 524 respondents to a well-structured questionnaire established that by leveraging FOSS, a seamless interface can be created to foster a flat response structure. Additionally, qualitative research based on semi structured interviews of subject matter experts co-related well with the quantitative findings, but also revealed certain resistances to change. The findings contribute towards implementable recommendations to leverage FOSS for disaster response in India. The recommendations cater for the competing aspirations as well as apprehensions of all strata of stakeholders.
  Keywords: disaster management; disaster response; HADR; tall and flat organisational structure; information and communications technology; ICT; Free and Open-source software; FOSS.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2021.10043911
   
  
• Impact of International Trade and Inflation on Indias Industrial Growth: An Empirical Investigation  
  by Mohanasundaram T, Karthikeyan P, Prasanth B 
  Abstract: This paper attempts to understand the effect of foreign trade and inflation on Indias industrial growth. The present study has two-fold objectives, viz., to establish long-run and short-run relationship between international trade, inflation and industrial production, and to investigate the impact of international trade and inflation on industrial production. The monthly data on exports, imports, inflation and index for industrial production (IIP) from January 2007 to December 2019 are considered for the analysis. We applied ARDL bounds test to estimate the long-run relationship between the chosen variables. The GARCH (1, 1) model is used to capture the varying volatility effect, as the residuals of ARDL model exhibits ARCH effect. Granger causality model is used to analyse the lead-lag effect between the variables in short-run. The GARCH model revealed that export and inflation had significant impact on conditional variance. The granger causality test indicates bi-directional relationship between Inflation and IIP.
  Keywords: cointegration; GARCH; ARDL; granger cause; export; import; index for industrial production; IIP; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPSPM.2021.10047230
   
  

Special Issue on: NCCIDS 2020 Cognitive Enterprise Information Management

• CLASSIFICATION OF SKIN LESIONS USING DEEP LEARNING NEURAL NETWORK  
  by GODLIN JASIL, V. Ulagamuthalvi 
  Abstract: In recent years, skin cancer is one of most deadly disease in the world. Early detection of skin cancer leads to the advanced treatment. Skin cancer is diagnosed by dermatoscopic analysis, histopathological assessment and biopsy. Since the skin lesion appears very similar when comparing with the surrounding skin, classification becomes a challenging process. Due to the development in automated system, classification of skin lesion can be done with the higher accuracy. This paper presents a deep learning neural network architecture used for automatic skin classification. Our dataset consists of 1456 images of seven classes which is taken from HAM1000 dataset. Preprocessing such as data argumentation is done to improve the performance. The proposed architecture gives the higher classification rate with accuracy.
  Keywords: skin cancer ; dermatoscopic ; histopathological ; biopsy ,skin lesion; deep learning; neural network; data argumentation.
  
  
• Modified MapReduce for Efficient Data Management: An Task Scheduling Technique  
  by Rajeswari Devarajan, Jawahar Senthilkumar Veerabadran, Prakash M, Ramamoorthy S 
  Abstract: High performance computing efficiency depends on distributed systems. Task scheduling is important key factor in distributed environment to reduce the amount of time used to obtain the optimal schedule. Genetic algorithm (GA) is the efficient technique to schedule task for distributed resources. MapReduce is used to develop distributed applications and it provides the efficient way to implement genetic algorithm scheduler for heterogeneous environment. Due to some specific characteristics, some application cannot be efficient in map reduce, because it follows the two phase pattern. Genetic algorithm is iterative process. To fit GA in MapReduce, Parallel GA (PGA) is used. This paper presents modified MapReduce model for genetic algorithm to schedule an independent job which reduces makespan and flowtime. The outcome shows the efficacy of proposed method in the observation with existing techniques on benchmark instances.
  Keywords: Genetic algorithm; heterogeneous environment; modified MapReduce; multi-objective; task scheduling.
  
  
• Cognitive Information based SMS Spam Detection and Filtering of Transliterated Messages  
  by Priyam Paul, Suhel Deep Sarkar, Manju G 
  Abstract: SMS spam has seen an exponential increase in the past few years. This is a pain for mobile users, since any important message often gets lost in the pile of spam messages. SMS spam detection is at a very nascent stage when it comes to implementing in user devices, although there has been research in the field for a long time. We have carried out a survey of the work that has been done in the field of SMS spam filtering, and we have identified certain features which give high accuracy when classifying SMS spam pertaining to Cognitive Information
  Keywords: Feature Selection; Transliteration; Spam detection; Spam filtering; SMS; Cognitive approach; Text mining.
  
  

Special Issue on: Recent Engineering Trends and Applied Sciences

• EVALUATION OF SECONDARY SCHOOL SUPERVISORY PERFORMANCE IN BENGKULU CITY
  by Iswadi Idris 
  Abstract: The objective of study is to find out the performance of senior high school supervisors in Bengkulu City regency, Bengkulu Province that consists of: (1) composing supervisory planning, (2) carrying out the supervisory planning, (3) evaluating the implementation of the supervisory planning, and (4) guiding and training of professional teachers and school principals. The research was conducted in regencies and cities in central Bengkulu regency, Bengkulu province. The subject of research is senior high school supervisor in Bengkulu City, Bengkulu province (29 persons). The method of research is mixed method. The research design used Provus is Descrepancy Evaluation Models (DEM). The data were collected by using observation, interview, questionnaire and documents. The results of research shows that: (1) the performance of supervisors in composing plannings is very good category, (2) the performance of supervisors in carrying out supervisory planning is good category, (3) the performance of supervisors in evaluating the product of implementation of the supervisory planning is fair category, and (4) the performance of supervisors in guiding and training of professional teachers or school principals in Bengkulu City, Bengkulu province is poor category.
  Keywords: performance; planning implementation; evaluation and training.