International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management (142 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• Green Manufacturing: Detailed Literature Review and Pareto Analysis  
  by Mahakdeep Singh, Kanwarpreet Singh, Amanpreet Singh Sethi 
  Abstract: Indian market is growing globally but with this growth the risk to human life is also increasing as the environment is getting adulterated, this is majorly due to the pollution, this paper focuses on the review on the research of various researchers which is published in prominent journals focused on green manufacturing techniques by manufacturing Industries. Current manuscript focuses to investigate the available literature on green manufacturing (GM) in order to highlight the critical success factors (CSFs) affecting the implementation of green manufacturing. Study shortlists 41 studies that have already pointed the success factors for implementation of green practices. Further, Pareto analysis has been employed to sort and arrange the factors in decreasing order in terms of their occurrences in the literature. After analysis out of total 36 identified CSFs eight CSFs has been named vital few CSFs and 28 as useful many CSFs of green manufacturing.
  Keywords: green manufacturing; GM; critical success factors; CSFs; Pareto analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2020.10035053
   
  
• Factors affecting the skills and overall career development: an empirical analysis among the employees of banking sector  
  by Manuja Garg 
  Abstract: Training and development are the most vital component of any organisation to build efficient and skilled manpower. The training program aims to give the knowledge, instructions, needful skills and instructions to the existing and new employees to perform the particular job. Therefore, this article analyses the various demographic variables related to the employees of the banking sector and their impact has been studied on the various extracted components like internal motivation, training objective and overall career development. It has been found that variables like the age group of the employees and the number of training programs attended by the bank employees have a significant impact on one of the three extracted components.
  Keywords: training and development; T&D; career development; ANOVA; principal component analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2021.10046423
   
  
• Prevention of Corruption: A Tool To Improve The Quality Of Services In The Organization  
  by Mansureh Jahani Doghezloo, Maryam Mokhtari Dinani, Abbas Rezaei Pandari, Asghar Afshar Jahanshahi 
  Abstract: Sport corruption is a global phenomenon, threatening the integrity of the sport industry. The goal of this study was to introduce and design a model of factors affecting the prevention of administrative-financial corruption in Iranian sport organisations. The population used in this research included all sport experts and executives in Iran. The number of 14 factors was accordingly selected as effective in preventing administrative-financial corruption; the relationship between these factors was analysed using interpretive structural modelling (ISM). Based on results, the factors fell into four categories: the factors
  Keywords: administrative-financial corruption; accountability; prevention; sports organisations; interpretive structural modelling; ISM.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10049020
   
  
• The relationship between the strategies of operations, supply chain, information system and its impact on supply chain performance  
  by Asish Oommen Mathew, Yashas K. N, Giridhar B. Kamath 
  Abstract: This study investigates the impact of operations strategy on supply chain strategy and supply chain performance, as well as the moderating effect of information system strategy on supply chain performance. This is an empirical study. The major source of data collection is a questionnaire-based survey. By disseminating the Google Forms, responses from operations and supply chain employees working in large-scale firms in Bangalore were gathered. The data collected is analysed using the structural equation modelling-partial least squares approach. For data analysis, SMART-PLS and SPSS are employed. The findings indicate that for enterprises that rely on flexibility as an operating strategy, an agile supply chain approach is acceptable, and that implementing an information system to support the flexibility strategy improves supply chain performance.
  Keywords: operations strategy; supply chain strategy; information system strategy; supply chain performance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10049306
   
  
• Ten Years Review of the Cyber Supply Chain Security: Driving Productivity with Visibility  
  by Anisha Banu Dawood Gani, Yudi Fernando 
  Abstract: Digitalisation brings as many risks as it does opportunities. As a result, the topic of cyber supply chain risk management (CSCRM) has attracted the interest of many scholars who have approached cybersecurity from various perspectives. Consequently, current cybersecurity frameworks present in the literature are now fragmented. The objective of this study is to review ten years the cyber supply chain (CSC) security studies that can drive firm productivity with visibility. This study has conducted a systematic review for content analysis, enabling this paper to extend and converge previous studies to present a new conceptual framework for CSC security. The new CSC security framework utilises the technology-organisation-environment (TOE) framework to outline factors that a firm must consider in preparing for its cybersecurity mission. The framework further offers the antecedents for achieving supply chain visibility necessary for ensuring CSC security. When a CSC is ready and has supporting dimensions, it is possible to achieve CSC security.
  Keywords: cyber supply chain; CSC; productivity; supply chain visibility; security; cyber supply chain risk management; CSCRM; technology-organisation-environment; TOE.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10049393
   
  
• Improving Productivity through Prevention of Job Loss: The Role of Employee Engagement and Burnout.  
  by Taghrid Suifan, Niveen Alsayyed, Salah Alhyari, Raeda J. Saa’da, Rateb Sweis 
  Abstract: This study explores the effects of antecedent factors and employee engagement on burnout and intention to leave by investigating the mediating effects of employee engagement and burnout in the relationship between antecedent factors (perceived organisational support, job characteristics, rewards and recognition, and employee voice) and turnover intention. Questionnaire surveys were administered to 400 employees in Amman-Jordan’s telecommunication sector, of which 291 were valid for analysis. First, validity and reliability analyses were conducted, followed by a structural equation modelling analysis to define the causal relationship between study variables. The results confirmed that antecedent factors positively affect employee engagement. Furthermore, employee engagement negatively mediates the relationship between antecedent factors and intention to leave. This work adds a more detailed model to the extant literature that explains antecedents and consequences in terms of burnout reduction and intention to leave. Furthermore, unlike previous studies, this model provides empirical evidence from a non-Western context.
  Keywords: employee engagement; burnout; intention to leave; perceived organisational support; job characteristics.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10049599
   
  
• Does XBRL mediate the relationship between corporate governance quality and earnings management Evidence from Jordan  
  by Mohammad Naser Hamdan, Safaa Alsmadi, Zaid Jaradat 
  Abstract: The impact of XBRL usage on the relationship between corporate governance quality and earning management practices was examined in this study. A questionnaire was prepared and used to gather data from 143 ASE-listed companies that cooperated in receiving the study instrument. The results show a negative linkage between board of directors and audit committee characteristics, and earnings management. Thus, board of directors and audit committee could effectively curtail earnings management practices. Further, XBRL usage does not mediate the relationship between audit committee and board of directors, and earnings management. As a result, appropriate infrastructure should be provided to XBRL providers, while training should be provided to XBRL users, to assure effective XBRL implementation.
  Keywords: XBRL; earnings management; audit committee; board of directors; agency theory.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10049682
   
  
• Time-frequency analysis of the older workforce and productivity growth nexus in the USA: evidence from EEMD- and wavelet-based approaches  
  by Ahmed Bossman, Samuel Kwaku Agyei, Oliver Asiamah 
  Abstract: An economy whose active workforce is dominated by age is more likely to suffer from some productivity losses despite high government spending, which impacts economic development. Given the galloping growth rate of the proportion of the older workforce of the US population, we examine the productivity-older workforce relationship in the USA. We investigate the asymmetric causality between productivity and both the older and total labour force amid the growing aged class of the US workforce and the prevailing COVID-19 health crisis. We employ wavelet analysis, the ensemble empirical mode decomposition approach, and quantile-on-quantile regression techniques to quarterly data between June 1948 and June 2021. Our results evidence causality between growth in productivity and workforce. The relationships between the variables are asymmetric. During the COVID-19 period, we find a significant relationship between older labour force growth and productivity growth at high frequencies. Fascinating implications of our results are discussed.
  Keywords: productivity growth; older labour force; time-frequency analysis; causality-in-means; COVID-19 pandemic; USA.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10049714
   
  
• Developing Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) for the Construction Industry: A Case Study for Saudi Arabia  
  by Khalid Jamal El Sakka, Laith Hadidi, Muhammad Saiful Islam 
  Abstract: While other industries focus more on developing customer satisfaction index (CSI) for better customer-focused services, the construction industry pays less attention to its customers. Thus, this study aims to develop a CSI for the construction industry. Accordingly, 48 customer satisfaction factors (CSFs) under seven groups were identified from the literature and evaluated based on their importance and satisfaction level. Afterward, 25 Saudi Arabian mega project owners evaluated the identified CSFs developing CSI for construction projects. The findings suggest some immediate corrective actions, such as adherence to schedule, adequacy of contractors’ resources on the site, and providing early notifications for work delays. The developed CSI can be considered a practical tool for contractors to know their customers’ expectations and monitor their performances in Saudi Arabia and other Middle Eastern countries. Besides, the CSI development approach can be applied to other construction industries in different parts of the world.
  Keywords: construction industry; contractor; customer satisfaction; CS; megaproject.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10049759
   
  
• Green external drivers and green awareness practices Integration: Evidence from Malaysia  
  by Amjad Khalili, Siti Norhafiza Abdulrazak, Md Yusof Ismail 
  Abstract: Little is recognised about the linkages of green external drivers and awareness practices within the Malaysian industries. This paper aims to explore the possible interrelationships amongst these practices. To do this, a multi-dimensional conceptual model is developed comprise four latent constructs. These are government regulation (GR), environmental consciousness (EC), cost and benefit awareness (CB), and organisational culture (OC). A structured questionnaire based on the main latent constructs is designed and validated through industrial engineering experts. Both advanced programs (SPSS 23 and AMOS 24) were utilised to analyse the postulated four hypotheses. Findings show that among the four tested direct hypotheses; three are accepted (GR on EC), (GR on CB), and (OC on EC). One hypotheses (OC on CB) is found to be not significant and consequently rejected as it considered not vital. This paper is considered a reference for Malaysian manufacturers in their attempts to be green institutions.
  Keywords: green awareness; external drivers; cost and benefit; conceptual model; AMOS.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10049769
   
  
• Poverty and Quality of Life in Jordan and COVID-19 Pandemic effects  
  by Elham Alhiary 
  Abstract: Since the end of 2019, the whole word has faced one of the largest pandemic with a fast dispersion over the world, resulting a multidimensional crisis which also includes various severe economic situations. Therefore, the key aim of the current study is to find out the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on poverty and quality of life in Jordan. The study has used some measures such as the GDP per capita, purchasing power, cost of living, and healthcare. By estimating the autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model in this study, the results found from the econometric modulation impact of this pandemic to increase the rate of poverty with non-significant effect of this crisis on quality of life in Jordan. The study hence, contribute in fulfilling the existing research gap in this area since this study is the first in its type has been conducting in Jordan in this critical time of health crisis. It also provides some insights through the meaningful findings and implications for future study.
  Keywords: poverty; quality of life; COVID-19 pandemic; ARMA; Jordan.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10049771
   
  
• A Phenomenological Study of How Mobile Phone Users in India Cope with “Call Drops”  
  by Brajesh Mishra, Abinash Panda 
  Abstract: Quality of mobile services is a major concern among various stakeholders, including customers and service providers. The customers who have had a poor quality of service often feel helpless, frustrated, angry, and react in ways detrimental to the business. The service providers fail to capture the insights of customers coping mechanisms by using technological techniques. In this study, we used the phenomenological approach to grasp the very nature of the experiential phenomenon how mobile services customers cope with poor service quality and specifically call drops. Mobile phone users in India are found to opt one of four coping mechanisms namely: cognitive coping, behavioural coping, seeking institutional support and seeking/migrating to alternative platforms. The factors that are found to be contributing the choice include economic concerns, recurrence of problem, intensity of underlying emotion, ability to regulate emotions (impulsive tendencies), and perceived urgency ascribed to the need to communicate.
  Keywords: mobile services; call drops; phenomenological study; coping mechanisms; cell phone users; Indian telecommunication sector.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10049824
   
  
• Lean service and its implications in the quality of the service of the aircraft industry companies: A systematic review of the literature  
  by Juan Carlos Quiroz Flores, Jesús Cabrera Bonilla, Andrés Gallardo Mondragón, Martín Collao Díaz, Alberto Flores Pérez 
  Abstract: Providing a high-quality service has become an important factor for the survival of companies and generating customer satisfaction, therefore airlines must improve the quality they offer in order to improve their image. There are various methods used to evaluate and optimise the quality of airline service, including lean tools. The purpose of this research is to determine what research has been carried out on the quality of service and lean service in the commercial aviation sector based on a systematic review of the literature, in order that airlines can evaluate future improvement proposals to avoid dissatisfaction generated and improve your profitability. The findings show the various dimensions that are related to lean service, giving rise to new studies, its link with the commercial aviation sector and other service areas. Likewise, lean service in this sector could be applied and focus on reducing check-in times at airports or reducing boarding times.
  Keywords: lean service; quality of service; commercial aviation sector.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10049976
   
  
• The mediating role of quality of working life on Transformational leadership and achieving strategic success: A field study in universities operating in the northern region of Jordan  
  by Mutasim Sharaire, Maen Kasawneh 
  Abstract: This study aimed to identify the impact of transformational leadership (TL) on strategic success (SS) with quality of working life (QWL) as a variable mediator in private and public universities in the northern sector of Jordan. To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was developed as the main tool for data collection. The study sample consisted of 324 employees from the targeted universities. They were selected as a proportional stratified sample of the study population of 859 employees. The data was analysed using SPSS V.25 and AMOS. The study used descriptive and inferential statistical methods to analyses the data. The study arrived the perceptions of employees of the targeted universities in the north of Jordan regarding the level of application of TL, SS and QWL, its came a medium degree. In addition, QWL plays a mediating role of the impact of TL on SS.
  Keywords: transformational leadership; strategic success; quality of work-life; universities; Jordan.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10050232
   
  
• Work System and Employee Productivity: An Enhancement through Knowledge Exchange  
  by Simanchala Das, Mogalipuvvu Ishwarya, Narra Venkata Deshik Amarnadh Chouwdary, Karnati Navya, Shruthika Parnam 
  Abstract: This article designs and tests hypothetical model connecting high-performance work systems (HPWSs) and productivity level of employees through knowledge exchange, in light of the knowledge-based perspective on the business association. The idea that knowledge exchange and combination play a mediating effect is supported by an evaluation of our framework in a sample of automobile sector employees. Based on the empirical results, the link between HPWS and knowledge exchange was positive and significant; while knowledge exchange acts as mediator between the HPWS productivity linkage. These findings offer interesting cues to the academicians to understand the concept of work systems. Also, the managers can draw insights from the findings to develop strategies for effective work systems and knowledge sharing in the organisation.
  Keywords: knowledge management; strategic human resource management; SHRM; high-performance work systems; HPWSs; information exchange.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10050349
   
  
• A Framework Towards Integrating TQM, Knowledge Management, and Innovation to Achieve Business Excellence in Service Organizations  
  by Saurav Negi 
  Abstract: The present study is mainly emphasising developing a framework integrating the TQM, knowledge management (KM), and innovation to achieve business excellence in service organisations. This study analyses the available literature on TQM, KM, and innovation to understand the association among these three dimensions. The study found that there is a strong association between TQM, KM, and innovation, and if these three dimensions are integrated appropriately by the business firm will enable them to achieve business excellence and gain a competitive advantage. Thus, the framework has been developed that integrates TQM, KM, and innovation to achieve business excellence in a service organisation. It was realised that numerous studies are available showing the association between TQM and KM and TQM and innovation, but there is a lack of research addressing all three facets, i.e., TQM, KM, and innovation collectively, to offer a holistic framework based on their linkage to achieve organisational excellence in the service industry. Thus, the present study is aimed to contribute towards the knowledge in the field of quality management, particularly in the service sector.
  Keywords: total quality management; TQM; innovation; business excellence; knowledge management; competitive advantage.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10050372
   
  
• Application of SMED to improve Overall Equipment Effectiveness of Die Change over activities in a Forging Industry- A case study  
  by Sundaramali G, Kandavel Thanjavur Krishnamoorthy, Santhosh Raj K, Anirudh S 
  Abstract: In globalisation, the manufacturing industry’s main aim is to reduce change over time and increase the whole manufacturing process’s flexibility. The setup time rapidly increases when the industries aim to produce parts in smaller batches. The decrease in non-value-added time is an immediate approach to increase machine utilisation. This study explores the die change over operation in the forging process and recommends enhancements to expand its productivity by decreasing the die change over setup time utilising the single minute exchange of die (SMED) strategy. Some internal activities are converted into external activities by implementing various techniques such as 5S, the Deming principle and standardisation. Thereby, change over time has been reduced as much as possible. The analysis was done on three different capacities of forging machines. After the implementation of SMED, the change over time was reduced by 43%
  Keywords: industrial engineering; product variety; Six Sigma; single minute exchange of die; SMED; overall equipment effectiveness; OEE.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10050603
   
  
• Examining Scientific Contribution of International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management (2006- 2019)-A Bibliometric Study  
  by Santosh Baheti 
  Abstract: International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management (IJPQM) is a journal of global reputation that publishes original and peer-reviewed research in the business management and accounting purview. The journal reached its 17th year of publishing in 2022. This study provides an inclusive synopsis of 720 publications using bibliometric data analysis techniques. The study emphasis on the contribution of IJPQM to the academic fraternity through the analysis of publishing developments, authorship analysis, influential contributors, prominent studies published in IJPQM, nature and industry of studies. Analysis of the journal through SCImago indicators is also presented in the study.
  Keywords: bibliometrics; Scopus; citations; knowledge domain; productivity; quality management.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10050604
   
  
• Does ISO 9001 certification benefit micro-SMEs? Empirical evidence from the industry  
  by Maria A. Kakouri, Eleni Sfakianaki, Eleni Gaki 
  Abstract: This paper examines the benefits obtained from ISO 9001 certification by micro-SMEs in the olive oil industry in Greece. A large number of studies have focused on the analysis of benefits and the impacts of ISO 9001 certification, but similar studies of micro-SMEs, do not exist leaving a valuable sector of business economy without important analysis. Likewise, despite the acknowledged contribution of the olive oil industry to the global economy, little evidence has been recorded on its association with ISO 9001 certification. The present research adopted a qualitative approach, employing several case studies to provide key insights into olive oil companies’ perception of the benefits derived from the adoption of ISO 9001. In interviews with management, site visits, personal observation, off-the record discussions with employees and study of documents, five organisations were examined. The findings demonstrated that micro-SMEs examined experienced a number of benefits from ISO 9001 certification, as has already demonstrated for large companies such as increased employee productivity, customer satisfaction and competitiveness. Academics and practitioners may benefit from this evidence and the enhanced awareness and understanding of the subject.
  Keywords: ISO 9001; quality; micro-SMEs; benefits; olive oil; Greece.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10057813
   
  
• Failure mode and effects analysis: a decision-making risk prioritisation approach  
  by Maryam Sedighi Shamami, Soroush Avakh Darestani, Niloufar Hojat Shemami, Iniobong Enang 
  Abstract: Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) is a method of risk assessment that is broadly utilised to identify, predict as well as mitigate possible defects in products, operations, and systems prior to the occurrence of a negative incident. However, inaccurate results may be generated due to the uncertain conditions under which risk assessment using the FMEA. Therefore, there is need to mitigate the uncertainty, particularly randomness and fuzziness in the assessment process. This can be achieved by using Grey number to develop the FMEA and VIKOR methods to fix several hindrances related to the risk priority number (RPN) of the traditional FMEA. This paper aims to compare the Grey VIKOR with the traditional FMEA to present more accurate ranking. In the first step Grey system was used to rank failure modes and select risk elements to join vulnerability into subjective judgments. Thereafter, VIKOR method was applied for prioritising and evaluating failure modes. The results of comparative analysis indicate the adequacy and versatility of the proposed method in dealing with real-world issues.
  Keywords: potential failure modes and effects analysis; risk assessment; grey numbers; method VIKOR.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10050812
   
  
• The effect of social responsibility on financial performance with emphasis on the moderating role of risk management  
  by Nasrin Dadashi, Seyyed Saeb Mousavi, Ali Mayeli 
  Abstract: Recently, the corporate world has increasingly made efforts to invest in corporate social responsibility and risk management, also called as competitive advantage in strategic resources. This study tends to examine the effect of social responsibility on financial performance, emphasising the moderating role of risk management of companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). For this purpose, 129 companies active during 2011-2018 are selected as sample. The results show the positive significant effect of social responsibility on firm performance (ROA and Tobins Q ratio). Risk management has a direct and positive significant effect on firm performance and an indirect effect on the relationship between social responsibility and ROA, while it has no effect on the relationship between social responsibility and Tobins Q.
  Keywords: social responsibility; financial performance; corporate risk management.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10050813
   
  
• Investigating customers’ continuous use of online food delivery services in the post-pandemic world: Extended technology continuance theory  
  by Razib Chandra Chanda, Ali Vafaei-Zadeh, Syafrizal Syafrizal, Haniruzila Hanifah 
  Abstract: This research investigates the predictors of customers’ intention to continue using online food delivery services in the post-pandemic world. A purposive sampling technique was utilised to obtain 356 responses employing a quantitative research strategy. The findings of this study reveal that expectation confirmation and perceived usefulness have a significant impact on satisfaction. Moreover, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use significantly affect attitude. Besides, satisfaction, attitude, and performance expectancy significantly affect intention to continue using online food delivery services. However, delivery time, perceived risk, and task-technology fit do not significantly influence customers’ intention to continue using online food delivery services. Moreover, satisfaction mediates the relationship between expectation confirmations and continues use of online food delivery services. This research provides theoretical contributions while also presenting practical implications for academics and practitioners working in the field of online food delivery services.
  Keywords: continuous use intention; online food delivery; satisfaction; perceived risk; performance expectancy; technology continuance theory.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10050856
   
  
• Prioritising the Service Quality Factors Affecting Customer Satisfaction in a Life Insurance Industry: an Application of Fuzzy AHP  
  by Preeti ., Manju Mittal, SANJAY GUPTA 
  Abstract: As the insurance sector plays a big role in the economic development of a nation, therefore, the present research aims at prioritising the service quality factors which affect customer satisfaction in the case of the life insurance industry. The data were accumulated from 557 policyholders holding life insurance policies in north India. A fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (fuzzy-AHP) was employed to prioritise the factors that influence customers’ selection of life insurance partners. The key factors considered for the study were assurance, reliability, empathy, responsiveness, and tangibles. Findings of the study revealed Assurance as the top-ranked and prioritised factor influencing customers’ selection of life insurance partners, whereas tangibles appeared as the least important factor. Data were gathered from the north Indian life insurance policyholders and only a few factors that form part of the SERVQUAL model were considered for analysis which has been considered as limitation of the study.
  Keywords: customer satisfaction; service quality; SERVQUAL; insurance; Fuzzy-AHP.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10050937
   
  
• Value Stream Mapping and Theory of Constraints in a Screw Company: Generating Ways for the Implementation of Industry 4.0  
  by Dantom Guilherme Helfer, Luciano André Alff, Leonel Pablo Tedesco, Liane M. Kipper, Ana Julia Dal Forno 
  Abstract: Technologies emerge to improve processes in order to maximise results. Lean and theory of constraints (TOC) bring benefits to Industry 4.0 (I4.0) by achieving a customised way of manufacturing at scale to increase profitability. This study was carried out in a screw company, with the objective of proposing an action plan based on value stream mapping (VSM) and TOC with a focus on I4.0. Initially, the product studied was chosen, designing its process through the VSM. The five steps of TOC were applied in two processes to identify the bottleneck. Brainstorming was used to promote improvement opportunities and technology suggestions. The results found indicate the possibility of improving the stamping/deburring/cassification process through sensing and an action plan was developed. The work related to VSM and I4.0 technologies facilitates the understanding of what has already been accomplished with the union of VSM and TOC and indicates the advantages found.
  Keywords: Industry 4.0; value stream mapping; VSM; theory of constraints; TOC; screw company.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10051270
   
  
• A Bibliometric Analysis of Perceived Risks: A Closer Look at Green Marketing & Green Purchase Intention  
  by Aparajita Sanyal, Samiran Sur 
  Abstract: The present research is based on the systematic literature review (SLR) to combine the publications on perceived risk in the area of green marketing and green purchase intention by applying a systematic approach. After a thorough screening procedure, 383 articles extracted from the Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) with certain keywords (perceived risks, green marketing, green purchase intention, sustainable marketing, environmental marketing etc.) along with some specific filters from 183 journals. All these significant works papers by notable academics have been studied with a systems theory-based viewpoint based on the assessment of some aspects like prominent collaborating institutes, authors, keywords, journals, and citation statistics. Lastly this paper gives recommendation for future research in the area of perceived risk from the green angle. Thus this paper delivers a way for scholars to be guided into the field of perceived risks in the area of green marketing and green purchase intention.
  Keywords: systematic literature review; SLR; perceived risks; green marketing; green purchase intention; sustainability.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10051677
   
  
• Quality Improvement and Competencies of Nurses: A combat mechanism for the Covid-19 scenario  
  by Sharanika Dhal, Snigdha Mohapatra 
  Abstract: The global pandemic has placed unprecedented demands on delivering essential healthcare services. This period of crisis requires adapting out-of-the-box methods to meet the patient needs and optimise the use of existing medical resources. In this regard, the competency levels of the healthcare professionals, especially nursing staff, play a significant role in dealing with the high-pressure and stressful clinical environment. This research explores the vital competencies and their elements that can enhance the performance of nursing professionals in an emerging country context. Based on RIDIT analysis, the results exhibit the priority ranks of the technological and clinical competencies. These findings offer newer insights on this under-explored domain to facilitate conceptual development, and policy formulation.
  Keywords: competencies; healthcare; COVID-19; emerging economy; nursing.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10051840
   
  
• Developing a risk-based strategic human resource management: a mixed-method approach  
  by Kassem Jibril, Ali Safari, Arash Shahin, Mahmoud Hamdan 
  Abstract: This study aims to provide methodological insight for managing the strategic human resources risks. A mixed-method approach was conducted to detect and assess risks in small and medium ICT companies in two different cities in two Middle Eastern countries. In the quantitative phase, risks were detected, and then quantitative data were collected by two questionnaires and analysed by two methods: fuzzy and FMEA. Results show that the ICT companies in both cities are exposed to a set of strategic human resources risks, which fall under two main headings: vertical and horizontal misalignment. Finally, as a result, we presented the FMEA as a useful and valid assessing tool to measure the SHR risks. Developing a clear managing framework, and focusing widely on the strategic HR risks using quantitative methods is a new addition to the HR literature.
  Keywords: risk management; human resource risks; strategic risks; IT companies; FMEA; fuzzy.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10051934
   
  
• Economic efficiency evaluation of the implementation of a quality management system for companies in the construction industry  
  by Yeldar Zhuman, Abdizhapar Saparbayev, Rassima Salimbayeva, Saken Abdibekov, Kulyash Syzdykova, Azamat Eleusov 
  Abstract: The purpose of this research work is to determine the prospects for the creation of the mentioned system and its practical implementation at companies of the construction industry to solve issues related to the activities of these companies. The leading approach of this scientific research is a combination of analytical and information-logical methods of studying the issues included in the topic. The main results of this research work were: determination of the main criteria for assessing the parameters of economic efficiency from the introduction of the system, as well as the derivation of the relationship of economic indicators that affect the objectivity of such an assessment. The applied value of this study is to assess the possibility of putting its results into practice in order to achieve a significant improvement in the quality indicators of construction services provided in the country.
  Keywords: real estate; effect of implementation; production of products; marketing research; business entity.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10051984
   
  
• Cost Comparison for Metadata Driven Graphical User Interface  
  by Debolina Ghosh, Jay Prakash Singh, Jagannath Singh, Ashish Anand, Sireesha Varada 
  Abstract: Now-a-days, metadata-driven architecture for application development is a popular design paradigm, particularly for enterprise applications. Metadata-driven software development is expected to be faster and less expensive than traditional code-centric program development. For developing Graphical User Interface (GUI) also, the Metadata-driven software development process works faster. In this paper, we have evaluated the cost and effort for GUI development by using traditional code-centric as well as metadata-driven architecture. SAP UI5, a GUI development framework is used to determine the cost and effort based on the COCOMO model. To find the efficiency of the proposed approach, we have gathered 12 GUI-based projects from various sources with similar features and complexities and compared the development cost of the projects by both the techniques. The finding shows that a meta-data driven development process takes less development cost as compared to traditional code-centric processes. The result analysis can be used in decision-making processes such as architecture selection, cost, and effort estimation, and hence it plays an important role in the overall success of any software development project.
  Keywords: graphical user interfaces; GUI; metadata; COCOMO; cost estimation; effort estimation; SAP UI5.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10051985
   
  
• A stakeholder theory approach to analyzing strategies for improving pandemic vaccine supply chain performance  
  by Manish Mohan Baral, SUBHODEEP MUKHERJEE, Ramji Nagariya, Venkataiah Chittipaka 
  Abstract: This study aims to formulate strategies that impact the vaccine supply chain (VSC). This study measures the VSC performance using the proposed strategy concerning stakeholders’ theory. From the literature review and experts’ consent, the strategies are classified into six broad strategies as- VSC traceability, VSC visibility, VSC velocity, digitalising VSC, localising VSC, and vaccine inventory. A questionnaire is developed for surveying healthcare organisations and hospitals. All six proposed hypotheses got accepted. The developed model satisfies all the model fit parameters. Strategies like VSC traceability, VSC visibility, VSC velocity, digitalising VSC, localising VSC, and vaccine inventory have positively impacted vaccine supply chain performance. This research will be helpful for healthcare professionals and organisations for the faster delivery of the vaccine. This research will also help policymakers in improving the performance of VSC. This study is also the first to use the stakeholder theory approach for measuring VSC performance.
  Keywords: vaccine supply chain; VSC; vaccine supply chain performance; COVID-19; strategies; healthcare organisations; hospitals.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10052120
   
  
• Which Key Action Plans Should Be Prioritized for SME Retail Entities in Navigating Business during the COVID-19 Pandemic  
  by Elia Oey, Jason Auryn Ho, Dennis Wilson, Benyamin Suwito Rahardjo 
  Abstract: The worldwide retail industry has experienced tremendous shift due to the COVID-19 pandemic, triggered by changes in consumer behaviour and limitations in their operations. This research aims to identify the key action plans required by small and medium-sized retail entities in the Greater Jakarta area dealing with disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Defining the
  Keywords: COVID-19; key action plan; KAP; model of culture; retail; small and medium enterprises; SME.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10052439
   
  
• Bricolage practices in developing applied educational tools: A comparative study of value-based entrepreneurship across emerging markets  
  by ANANYA RAJAGOPAL, Rajagopal . 
  Abstract: Bricolage practices are commonly used in emerging markets for developing innovative products to cope up with resource limitations. This study analyses the attributes of bricolage practices adopted by start-up enterprises in innovative applications to boost the education performance. This study is based on empirical analysis of collected data to address the gaps in the existing literature. It also provides an analytical framework of selected dimensions that combines theory of entrepreneurial bricolage, optimal distinctiveness theory, and social learning theory. Two parallel studies were conducted in India (98) and Mexico (56), with 154 enterprises practicing bricolage approach in developing innovative educational tools. Bricolage practices in developing innovative educational tools are more effective in India as compared to Mexico due to conventional wisdom within family-driven enterprises. The results also show that entrepreneurs in both countries need to develop effective user orientation, customer services, and transformational leadership to demonstrate successful implementation of bricolage practices.
  Keywords: bricolage practices; educational tools; emerging markets; innovation; collective intelligence; resource mapping; India; Mexico.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10053012
   
  
• Hiring Process and Contemporary Methods: An Empirical Insight Using Grey Relational Analysis  
  by Snigdha Mohapatra, Archana Choudhary 
  Abstract: The study distinguishes amongst classical and contemporary recruiting and investigates the behaviour of recruiters during the hiring process. The research uses descriptive design and applies Grey relational analysis to examine the research findings. This study investigates how the current-day recruitment process works with the aid of contemporary technologies, the procedures involved, and the conduct of recruiters during the process. The research motivates individuals to learn about the processes and steps involved in contemporary recruiting, as well as the criteria and settings that recruiters use to make hiring decisions. This article provides insight into the hiring process in organizations, including where they obtain candidates, which is critical, and the types of pre-employment screening that is performed nowadays. This paper attempts to describe the comprehensive view on how to acquire a candidate from the perspective of recruiters and organizations, thereby adding novelty to the research.
  Keywords: Hiring process; Contemporary; Recruiter; Grey relational analysis; Decision making.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10053481
   
  
• A Proposed Framework for Improving the Quality and Profitability of Industrial Projects using PRINCE2 Methodology  
  by Mohammed Obeidat, Ahmad Alhulayil, Esraa Abdel All, Fikri Dweiri 
  Abstract: This paper uses the projects IN controlled environments (PRINCE2) methodology as a reference, to build a comprehensive framework for managing, executing, and improving the quality and profitability of industrial projects. The proposed framework will be universal to be applied in industrial projects no matter the shape, size, and type of project. PRINCE2 is a project management method that is widely adopted in a wide range of industries. Selected garment factories in Jordan will be considered as a case study. The common practices in industrial project management are evaluated to find possible improvements and to make them more relevant to the current development in the field. Results will be valuable to the industrial projects’ management teams, and the industry practitioners in managing and executing their projects according to best practices. The authors propose a framework for improving industrial projects using the PRINCE2 approach.
  Keywords: business framework; improvement; garment industry; quality; Jordan.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10053615
   
  
• Examining the Mediating Mechanism of the Environmental Organizational Citizenship Behaviour in the relationship between Green Human Resource Management and Sustainable Performance  
  by Mohammed Iqbal Al-Ajlouni, Dr. Moayyad Al-Fawaeer, Mohammad Al-Dweiri, Rawa Hijazi, Aktham Al Sarayreh, Kamel Al-Ajlouni 
  Abstract: Despite the significant role played by green human resource management (GHRM) in promoting sustainable performance (SPerf), there is still a lack of empirical evidence to support this link, especially in developing countries. Therefore, by adopting the ability, motivation and opportunity (AMO) theory, we targeted small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Jordan that were ISO14001 certified to examine the relationship between GHRM and sustainable performance (SPerf) along with the mediating role of organisational citizenship behaviour towards the environment (OCB-E). By employing the non-probability conditional sampling technique, 97 enterprises were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. The results indicated that GHRM directly accounted for 46.6% of variance in financial performance (FP), 65.5% of variance in social performance (SP) and 37% of variance in environmental performance (EP), and the strongest direct link was noticed between GHRM and SP. The mediation testing results revealed that OCB-E was a partial mediator between GHRM and FP and SP, whereas a full mediation was observed between GHRM and EP. In the following sections, the results, a discussion about the results and the implications have been provided.
  Keywords: green HRM practices; sustainable performance; SPerf; organisational citizenship behaviour towards the environment; OCB-E; mediation role; industrial enterprises; SMEs; Jordan.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10053689
   
  
• A Literature Review of Lean Methods and Tools: Research Trends and Issues  
  by Viktorija Knapic, Goran Licul, Lara Jelenc 
  Abstract: Although lean offers many benefits to a business, the level of successful lean implementation is low because companies do not undertake a lean transformation properly. One of the challenges they face is deciding on adequate lean tools and their application in a given context. A proper tool choice leads to long-term business results connected to lean, whereas an incorrect one results in higher implementation costs and the inability to extract maximum value from lean. Our main goal is to present literature on lean methods and tools through a systematic mapping study. We offer a systematised view of the field of lean methods and tools, identify research trends, and provide insights for future research. We identify the most prominent lean methods and tools used in various contexts and the frequency of their usage. We present a discussion on content (using lean methods), methodology and scientific contribution, and scope (lean and strategy).
  Keywords: lean; lean methods; lean tools; systematic mapping study; literature review; sustainable lean.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10053908
   
  
• Industry 4.0: Enabling Technologies, Application & Challenges of Implementation  
  by Sushant Vishnoi, NAVEEN VIRMANI, Teena Bagga, Smriti Mathur, Amit Bhati 
  Abstract: Industry 4.0 has been gaining importance exponentially over the last decade due to its incomparable advantages. In the wake of global economic innovation, this noble concept was introduced to the world by German engineers at the industrial trade fair-Hannover Messe in 2011. Such is the impact of globalisation and digitalisation that a terminology called
  Keywords: cyber-physical systems; enabling technologies; fourth industrial revolution; Industry 4.0; smart factory; smart manufacturing.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10053911
   
  
• Management System Maturity, Efficiency and Competitiveness Assessment of Cooperatives and Wine Industries in South Brazil: an Analysis of Managers' Perception  
  by Guilherme Bergmann Borges Vieira, Gabriel Vidor, Roque A. Zin, Roberto Birch Gonçalves, Carlos Honorato S. Santos 
  Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the influence of management system maturity on the competitiveness of wine cooperatives and industries. In order to do so, the management system maturity, the benefits resulting from this system and the efficiency and competitiveness of wine cooperatives and industries in south Brazil were accessed. Two main hypotheses were tested. The first was that competitiveness varies between cooperatives and wine industries and the second was that the management system has a significant and positive influence on the companies’ competitiveness. Regarding the first hypothesis, despite the differences observed in the efficiency comparisons, it was not found a statistically significant relationship between efficiency and perceived competitiveness. As for the second hypothesis, a positive and statistically significant relationship was found between continuity of management system and perceived competitiveness, but this variable was able to explain only a small portion of competitiveness. Despite their managerial usefulness, these results indicate the need to create in future studies a broader construct to analyze competitiveness, combining management maturity analysis, efficiency assessment and other external factors.
  Keywords: Management maturity; efficiency; competitiveness; wine sector; southern Brazil.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10054065
   
  
• The Impact of Strategic entrepreneurship on Organizational Excellence in Jordanian Telecommunications Companies  
  by Husam Abuhamour 
  Abstract: This study aims to identify the impact of strategic entrepreneurship on organizational excellence, through an applied study in Jordanian Telecommunications Companies, from the point of view of workers at the upper and middle management levels where a sample consisting of (280) managers is selected. This study is considered one of the field studies in which the researcher follows the descriptive analytical method. The current study relies on two types of information sources, namely primary and secondary sources. The researcher designs and conducts a written questionnaire that serves the study variables, so statistical methods are used within the Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) to process the data obtained through the field study of the sample surveyed. The results illustrate the impact of strategic entrepreneurship in its dimensions (management of entrepreneurial opportunities, management of Entrepreneurial resources, entrepreneurial culture, and pioneering entrepreneurship) in organizational excellence in Jordanian Telecommunications Companies, and it is found that strategic entrepreneurship drives the company to engage in activities that transform inputs, add value to them, and provide customers with one or more types of outputs.
  Keywords: strategic entrepreneurship; organizational excellence; Jordanian telecommunications companies.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10054235
   
  
• Explanatory Hypothesis Generation During a Root Cause Analysis: A Multiple Case Study  
  by Matthew Barsalou 
  Abstract: Quality failures can be costly for organisations in terms of actual costs and harm to the organisation’s reputation. Every root cause analysis should have an empirical aspect, which can be achieved by directly investigating the failed part and this paper illustrates the value in both experimenting with failed parts and directly investigating failed parts to identify causes, so that effective solutions can be implemented. A multiple case study approach is used in this paper. In one situation, the root cause was only found after multiple cycles of hypothesising and experimenting. In the other situation, a long sought after cause was finally found by investigating a failed part. The two investigations went in different directions, with one requiring multiple cycles of experimentation and the other requiring observation of failed parts. The insights from these investigations can be useful for organisation investigating failures.
  Keywords: failure analysis; root cause analysis; RCA; quality; experiments; investigation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10054802
   
  
• Investigating the linkages between Green Education, Environmental Consciousness and Green cost and benefit awareness through Structural Equation Modeling  
  by Amjad Khalili, Siti Norhafiza Abdulrazak, Md Yusof Ismail 
  Abstract: Little is known about the integration of green education, green cost and benefit analysis (CBA) and environmental awareness together inside Malaysian industries. This paper empirically tries to explore the relationships amongst these three key practices. Though, a multi-dimensional conceptual model is developed and two hypotheses are postulated. Primary data through a structured questionnaire gathered from 300 managers in diverse industries. Both SPSS 22 and AMOS 22 utilised for hypotheses empirical investigation. Findings show that the linkage between green education and environmental consciousness is significant and supported whereas no relationship is observed between both green education and cost and benefit practices. It is concluded that these practices treated a useful guide for Malaysian manufacturers to further realise these practices, understand their importance. To be sustainable, managers have to focus on the themes of these key practices and their influence on daily operations that may impact the whole industries while applied successfully.
  Keywords: green education; green cost and benefit; environmental awareness; integration; AMOS 22.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10054891
   
  
• Predictors affecting the Quality of Work Life of Street Vendors  
  by K.R. Ramprakash, Vigneshwar K, Louie Albert, Kishore Kunal 
  Abstract: The study aims to analyse the predictors influencing quality of work life (QWL) of hawkers. The study is based on primary data collected from 1,200 hawkers in Tamil Nadu. In this study, maximum variation sampling was used to select eight districts from the state. Within the eight districts, a spatially stratified sample was used to select 150 hawkers per district for the study. As the data lacks multivariate normality, PLS-SEM is considered an appropriate method to study the predictors influencing QWL of hawkers. In terms of hawkers’ work-life balance, fair compensation, and physical work environment, it has been discovered that these factors significantly improve their quality of work-life, but workplace stress, harassment, and sexual abuse significantly worsen it.
  Keywords: quality of work life; QWL; hawkers; street vendors; harassment; sexual abuse.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10055022
   
  
• Generalized Fermatean Fuzzy Numbers based Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Control Chart  
  by Rajiv Kumar, Tanuj Kumar, Birjesh Kumar 
  Abstract: This work present a generalised Fermatean fuzzy numbers-based exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) conrol chart. First, we introduce generalised Fermatean fuzzy numbers and their arithmetic operations. We also create novel defuzzification and ranking techniques to convert Fermatean fuzzy observations into crisp observations. Then, based on the generalised trapezoidal Fermatean fuzzy numbers, we suggested the Fermatean fuzzy EWMA (FFEWMA) statistic and the Fermatean fuzzy EWMA control chart limits. In order to confirm the effectiveness of the suggested Fermatean fuzzy EWMA control, a simulation study is performed. In comparison to the well-known EWMA charts, simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed Fermatean fuzzy chart detects very small shifts as early as possible in the process. In order to handle the uncertainty in the process observations, the proposed Fermatean fuzzy EWMA control chart is more reliable.
  Keywords: intuitionistic fuzzy numbers; IFNs; Fermatean fuzzy numbers; fuzzy exponentially weighted average control charts; Fermatean fuzzy EWMA control chart; membership and non-membership functions.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10055025
   
  
• Prominent factors causing quality issues in government social housing construction in South Africa  
  by Christopher Amoah 
  Abstract: This study intended to identify prominent factors causing quality issues in government social housing construction in South Africa. A quantitative research approach was used for the data analysis. Survey questionnaires were administered to professionals with experience with social housing construction in South Africa. The data received were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science to calculate the identified factors’ mean and standard deviation values. The research revealed corruption on the part of the government, procurement officers’ nepotism, corruption on the part of the contractors, lack of government quality performance objectives, and lack of political accountability, among others, as the prominent factors causing quality issues in social housing construction. This study benefits the government and construction stakeholders concerned with delivering social housing by making them aware of the prominent factors driving quality problems and helping them to institute pragmatic measures to address the quality-related issues in social housing construction.
  Keywords: prominent factors; quality issues; government; social housing; South Africa.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10055106
   
  
• Sustainable Accounting Information and Enhancement of Quality for Financial Decision Making  
  by Mohammad Aladwan  
  Abstract: The study objective is to inspect the influence of sustainability disclosed information on enhancing the quality of management financial decisions that based on financial reporting at Middle East companies. An examination on 100 Middle East companies was implemented by distributing 250 questionnaires to managers, accountants, and auditors. The exploration results discovered that; sustainability reporting has affirmative and significant influence on financial reports quality that used as a base for decision making; results of answers also confirmed the important of sustainable information and its role in strengthening the reporting, and management ability on conducting decision. Based on outcomes, the study endorses that middle east companies must implement sustainability information approaches and use more volume of their income in sustainability reporting so as to improve the quality of financial reporting. Moreover, the financial supervisory organisations in Middle East are instructed to endorse and pass more laws and regulations to dictate the sustainability information.
  Keywords: sustainability; financial reporting; sustainable development; decision making.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10055110
   
  
• Analysis of efficiency, productivity and competitiveness in organizations  
  by José Morelos Gómez, María Gabriela Fals, Joshuar Álvarez 
  Abstract: Efficiency and productivity are key factors for organisations that promote greater competitive advantages. In this article the different tools, techniques and methods to increase them were analysed. A rational, qualitative and descriptive meta-analysis was carried out through an exhaustive review of scientific articles from the Scopus database, in a time horizon of 2015 to 2020, with which 526 articles were found, after reviewing the A summary of each of them and reading their content in depth were filtered to 33 articles, subsequently, a final selection of 25 articles was made, the results of which respond directly to the research questions formulated, with the selection criteria: ten most cited articles, ten most recent publications and five most cited reviews. The results obtained showed that the use of information technologies in operations and in the management system of a company positively influence the increase in efficiency and productivity and added value against the competition, as well as the implementation of the tools that allow the development of environmental and organisational sustainability.
  Keywords: efficiency; productivity; competitiveness; productivity tools; sustainability.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10055516
   
  
• Software Effort Estimation Using Cascade Neural Network Optimized Based on Modified Particle Swarm Optimization (MPSO-CNN)  
  by Mohammed Abdulmajeed Moharram, SAURABH BILGAIYAN, Santwana Sagnika 
  Abstract: Software effort estimation has a significant role in software development engineering. The inaccurate estimation will increase the failure possibilities of the project. On the contrary, accurate estimation enables the project developers to finalise the projects within the required time and budget. Furthermore, it is considered a big challenge to obtain the satisfactory accuracy of project development at the beginning. To tackle this problem, soft computing techniques such as artificial neural network (ANN) has already demonstrated a remarkable performance in software effort estimation. However, the optimal weights for the neural network are still considered a big dilemma. In this paper, a cascade neural network (CNN) is optimised based on modified particle swarm optimisation (PSO). The modified PSO can overcome the premature convergence of PSO as well as avoid falling into local optima effectively. The experimental results have shown the superiority of the proposed work compared with the standard PSO significantly.
  Keywords: particle swarm optimisation; PSO; cascade neural network; CNN; Pearson correlation; standard deviation; effort estimation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10055552
   
  
• Productivity of Women Self-Help Groups through Quality Training and Capacity Building  
  by Sarmistha Apat, Snigdha Mohapatra 
  Abstract: his research evaluates the impact of training and capacity building towards enhancing the performance of women self-help groups (SHGs) in the context of an emerging economy. Based on the insights from prior studies, this research identifies certain gaps and attempts to fill the vacuum in the literature of rural empowerment, mainly through SHGs. The hypothesised model was empirically tested using structural equation modelling with 418 responses drawn from survey participants. The findings exhibit training positively drive SHGs’ performance, while, the link between training and capacity building was also found statistically significant and positive. Moreover, capacity building acted as a potential mediator in the path from training to SHG performance. The findings provide new and interesting insights to facilitate conceptual development and policy formulation. Consequently, this study evidences the vitality of implementing capacity-building and quality training measures to empower and provide economic independence to the underprivileged women in the rural areas.
  Keywords: capacity building; quality training; productivity; performance; self-help groups; SHGs.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10055591
   
  
• Productivity of Local Communities for Sustainable Livelihood  
  by Brundaban Panda, Rinki Mishra 
  Abstract: This study examines the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in India’s mining sector with a specific emphasis on National Aluminium Company Limited (NALCO). Specifically, the effect of governance and implementation factors is evaluated in connection with CSR activities. Also, the study investigates the positive link between CSR activities and sustainable livelihood of local communities. Based on regression analysis, the finding suggests positive and significant effects between the model constructs. These findings provide in-depth insights regarding the nature and implementation of CSR at the ground-level for upliftment and productivity of the local communities and groups. Drawing cues from the empirical findings, the academicians, organisational decision-makers, and policy-developers can formulate targeted CSR strategies and initiatives to improve the living standards of the communities residing in the mining regions.
  Keywords: productivity; local communities; governance; sustainable livelihood; corporate social responsibility; CSR.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10055592
   
  
• Comprehending the deployment intention of Lean Six Sigma in healthcare: the moderating role of change management  
  by Alok Kumar Samanta, G. Varaprasad, Anand Gurumurthy 
  Abstract: In the healthcare sector, high-quality and quicker patient services are paramount. Due to these operations priorities, Lean Six Sigma practices have received considerable attention as a viable option for process improvement. However, the intention among healthcare managers to deploy this proven methodology is relatively low, considering varying difficulties in the adoption process. This study aims to understand the direct effects of these difficulties on the deployment intention of healthcare leaders in India. Furthermore, the central focus of this study is to examine the role of change management in moderating the relationships between these challenges and the intention to deploy LSS. The data for this study is collected from 160 doctors in India who are in managerial/leadership positions in different private hospitals. Partial least square-based structural equation modelling is used to estimate various relationships. The findings offer crucial insights for academicians and practitioners in the field of LSS and healthcare.
  Keywords: Lean Six Sigma; LSS; change management; healthcare; deployment intention; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10055949
   
  
• A SWOT analysis of maintenance practices for enhancing the business performance of small scale industry: A case study  
  by Simrajit Singh Sidhu, Kanwarpreet Singh, Inderpreet Ahuja 
  Abstract: Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play a critical role in the efficient and smooth running of major enterprises, therefore maintenance practices are vital. At the manufacturing unit, a review of business performance indicators was conducted to demonstrate the benefits gained from the implementation of strategic maintenance programs. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) study is used to evaluate the application of maintenance practices in small-scale industry. During the evaluation, the assessment team found a number of issues that needed to be addressed in order for the organisation to achieve business gains. In the case study, strategic maintenance techniques were implemented in order to reap significant benefits in terms of improved OEE, on-time delivery, increased machine availability, and reduced machine breakdowns. The results showed that enhancing OEE in the organisation resulted in a considerable improvement in performance. The study underlines the importance of effective maintenance practice implementation.
  Keywords: maintenance practices; business performance; SWOT analysis; OEE; small industries.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10055953
   
  
• Performance enhancement of a manufacturing organization by the implementation of maintenance practices: A case study  
  by Simrajit Singh Sidhu, Kanwarpreet Singh, Inderpreet Ahuja 
  Abstract: A case study of an Indian medium scale manufacturing industry is being conducted to investigate the contribution of maintenance practices toward enhancing quality and productivity. An assessment of business performance indicators has been carried out at the auto-parts manufacturing unit to illustrate the achievements realised through adoption of strategic maintenance initiatives. During the assessment, the assessment team identified a number of issues for maintenance improvement to realise business improvements in the organisation. As a result, phase-by-phase maintenance implementing practices has been carried out in the case study in order to reap significant benefits in terms of enhanced MTBF and reduced MTTR. The results revealed a significant improvement in performance by improving OEE in the organisation. The systematic implementation of maintenance practices also resulted in a further improvement in MTBF and a reduction in MTTR. The study emphasises the significance of maintenance practice implementation to achieve enhanced organisational performance.
  Keywords: maintenance practices; business performance; reliability; quality and production.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10055990
   
  
• Project management practices to direct and control the project planning and execution in R&D units  
  by António Rocha, Fernando Romero, Daniel Miranda, Marlene Amorim, Rui M. Lima 
  Abstract: Projects lead organisations to create utility, value and capabilities by delivering innovative outcomes, and project managers must foster collaboration and people commitment, in a coordinated effort involving feasibility and viability assessments, and the application of project management practices and processes to kick-off, direct and control its execution. To get to know and better understand which project management practices are in use in organisations with research and development (R&D) units, this article presents a study analysing the frequency of use of project management practices and compares them with project management students’ expectations of applying them as a professional. Seventy-seven practices have been analysed and evidence of significant differences has been found in 29 practices. The results provide inputs to direct and control projects reinforcing the importance of applying fundamental concepts, skills, and processes to meet the project objectives, giving us insights on the importance of training and recruiting project management professionals.
  Keywords: project management; scope management; resources management; quality management; risk management.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10056086
   
  
• Furniture industry and handicrafts: what possible integration of production processes? Experiential profiles from Italy  
  by Guido Migliaccio, Luigi Umberto Rossetti 
  Abstract: Furniture is a durable choice reflecting functional, but also psychological, social, and cultural needs. The ideal home would like furniture designed to be ordered by each user. This would enhance the role of the artisan who produces unique pieces, even concerning the space limits of the premises. Artisanal products are often opposed to inexpensive industrial standardised ones. Is there only competition or even collaborations between industry and craftsmanship? Through a qualitative analysis, the study illustrates the possible relationships between industrial, commercial, and craft companies, especially to customise standardised products, thus trying to respond to the specific needs of each customer, without an excessive increase in price. To this end, industries could have their laboratories. However, merchants could make these adjustments. Both could instead use the external consultancy of the artisans. Alongside the typical activities, the artisans could thus plan further work areas.
  Keywords: furnishing; Italian design; wood-furnishing chain; Italy.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10056262
   
  
• Analysis and Selection of Glass Bottle Traceability Technologies in the Beer Production Chain  
  by Carolina X. S. S. Rocha, Aldara S. César, Cecilia T. Hernández, Ualison De Oliveira, Fabiane Letícia Lizarelli 
  Abstract: This paper discusses investments in new equipment for the tracking of food products, especially from the glass bottle industry that serves the beer market. Three technologies
  Keywords: food traceability; multicriteria decision support methods; analytic network process; ANP; laser; CO2 laser; QR code.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10056437
   
  
• QMS and biosecurity measures in Peruvian services companies during the COVID-19 pandemic  
  by Jorge Benzaquen, Beatrice Avolio, Juan Weston 
  Abstract: This research presents the results of a comparative analysis related to the adoption of measures to prevent and control the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic between services companies with/without ISO 9001 quality management systems (QMS). For this purpose, an empirical study was conducted with a sample of 648 Peruvian services companies. Data were collected using questionnaires based on four measures against COVID-19: preventive actions, protocols, biosecurity processes and risk management. Descriptive and inferential techniques were implemented to analyse the data. The study found that companies with ISO 9001 scored higher than non-certified companies in the implementation of the four analysed measures against COVID-19. However, these differences were not significant in the case of protocols and risk management. Overall, this study empirically assessed the importance of having a QMS to meet more quickly and effectively government requirements during contingencies such as a global health crisis.
  Keywords: quality management system; ISO 9001; COVID-19; services companies; developing country.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10056522
   
  
• Application of Quality Tools and Process Automation in a PVC Analysis Laboratory  
  by Katlyn R. S. Alves, Everton Hansen 
  Abstract: Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) laboratory analyses are used to evaluate the composition and ensure the quality and applicability of each PVC product. The quality, productivity, and reliability of the results delivered by these analyses demand continuous improvement. This study aimed to evaluate the processes of a PVC analysis laboratory to identify opportunities for improvement, automation, and use of digital tools. Although quality tools have already been applied in laboratories, this study developed prioritisation criteria for implementing upgrades within a laboratory. Through the application of the Lean Manufacturing methodology, proposals for improvement and automation in the processes were identified. Results showed the need to acquire new equipment (Calender and Weather-Ometer) and a potential reduction of 1,010.25 hours of effort by analysts annually. The annual cost reduction achieved with analyst hours was US$40,991.75. The layout study minimised distances by 62.6 km per year.
  Keywords: polyvinyl chloride; PVC; lean Manufacturing; automation; PVC analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10056781
   
  
• Industry 4.0 in the management of the supply chain of organizations  
  by José Morelos Gómez, Diego Cardona, Harold Lora 
  Abstract: This article presents the incidence of Industry 4.0 in the management of the supply chain and its creation value in the processes. The methodology used for this purpose proposes a systematic review to identify the literature on Industry 4.0 in supply chain management, through journals indexed in the Scopus and Science Direct databases over a time horizon of years 2010 to 2021. A qualitative analysis was carried out to identify the industry 4.0 tools that increase performance. The results obtained initially were to identify 76 documents but based on the methodological criteria of inclusion and exclusion of the research, it was possible to establish 30 scientific articles. This article aims to contribute to the literature on Industry 4.0 and the supply chain, through its theoretical framework and the methodology used, in such a way that it provides an overview of the available knowledge and allows the development of future research.
  Keywords: supply chain management; Industry 4.0; tools; computer applications; added value.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10056845
   
  
• Payable Period and Firm Performance: The Mediating Role of Relational Capital  
  by Pushpesh Pant, Arun Biswal, Siva Krishna 
  Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine the performance effect of payable period management from a relational capital perspective. The study uses the Prowess database to collect secondary panel data on relational capital [measured by business group (BG) affiliation], payable period, and other firm-specific characteristics for 1,841 Indian manufacturing firms. Further, it employs panel data regression analyses to test the effect of payable period management on firm performance in light of relational capital. In contrast to the existing literature, this study has revealed that the company's financial performance suffers significantly due to the high payable period. Further, it has been observed that a longer payable period results from a greater reliance on relational capital (as measured by BG affiliation). Altogether, these results highlight that relational capital mediates the relationship between payable period and firm performance. The present study develops an objective understanding of the significance of payable period management. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that argues that the payable period is not uniform across firms and it varies significantly based on their affiliation to BG.
  Keywords: relational capital; payable period; firm performance; panel data; business group; manufacturing firm.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10057329
   
  
• The relationship between organisational and leadership performance facilitated by culture and moderated by TQM  
  by Soumya K, Satish K. P 
  Abstract: An essential part of India’s economic growth is the textile industry sector. The relationship of certain factors like role of leadership, organisational culture and TQM on the performance of this sector is an under researched area. This research investigates the effect of leadership and organisational culture on organisational performance, with organisational culture as a mediator along with TQM as a moderator in their relationships. A systematic survey questionnaire is used to gather data from 400 textile manufacturers and structural equation modelling is then used to evaluate the results. The results of the investigation showed that effective leadership has a great effect on organisational culture and it does not have an impact on organisational performance. The effectiveness of an organisation is significantly improved by the organisational culture of a company which is also serving as a constructive mediator.TQM practices positively moderate the relationship between leadership and organisational performance.
  Keywords: total quality management; TQM; organisational culture; organisational performance; leadership.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10057461
   
  
• Improving the effectiveness of a manufacturing company through leagile approach - A case study  
  by Hanjo P.Mohan, Hanjo P.Mohan, P.G. Saleeshya, P.G. Saleeshya 
  Abstract: Through a case study, a method is introduced to evaluate leanness and agility and derive a leagile decoupling ratio which enhances the industrial key performance indicators. A framework is presented which describe the inter-relationship of leagility with the key performance indicators. Scores are given to lean and agile characteristics of the industry and a simplified bat algorithm is used to derive an optimal leagile decoupling ratio. Implementation of the derived leagile decoupling ratio significantly enhances the industrial key performance indicators. The conceptual methodology is validated and accepted by peer companies that share. However, the method can be generalized and extended for wider acceptance. The presented leagile decoupling method can be used as a generalized tool to optimally prioritize leanness and agility which enhance the effectiveness of the company both functionally and financially. The novelty of the work lies in the simplicity and robustness of the presented leagile decoupling approach.
  Keywords: leanness; agility; leagile decoupling ratio; bat algorithm; key performance indicators.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10057464
   
  
• Quality Problem Solving in a Jewellery Industry - The Six Sigma way  
  by Akansha Yadav, Harshit Kanchan, Monish Gupta, Sumit Shandilya, Jaskiran Arora 
  Abstract: This paper describes a green belt Six Sigma project aimed at reducing the issues during the metal jewellery fabrication The project utilised the DMAIC methodology and a variety of tools and techniques, including Pareto analysis, process mapping, process capability analysis, and design of experiments, to systematically identify and address the root causes of the issues. The project was successful in achieving its objectives, resulting in significant improvements in the metal jewellery fabrication process. The defect rate was reduced, leading to cost savings and improved customer satisfaction. The process capability was also improved, with a reduction in process variability and an increase in process efficiency. The paper highlights the importance of using a data-driven approach to problem-solving, the application of various Six Sigma tools and techniques in each phase of the DMAIC methodology, and the involvement of cross-functional teams and stakeholders throughout the process.
  Keywords: statistical process control; Six Sigma; problem solving; design of experiments; DoE; jewellery industry.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10057580
   
  
• Linking entrepreneurial orientation to sustainable performance: The mediating role of green innovation  
  by Manigandan Raman, Naga Venkata Raghuram J 
  Abstract: This study examines the impact of entrepreneurial orientation on sustainable performance and the mediating effect of green innovation The current study uses a quantitative methodological approach with survey data from 162 hotels in India Using JASP software, a mediation analysis was conducted to analyze data Findings show that (1) entrepreneurial orientation is a positive significant impact on environmental and economic performance and (2) green innovation has a positive mediating effect between entrepreneurial orientation and sustainable performance The study's outcome is to improve the higher sustainable performance in the hotel industry through entrepreneurial orientation and mediate the effect of green innovation This research has significant implications for the hospitality field, as it shows the value and potential of green innovation in achieving sustainable performance in the hotel sector This study contributes to the existing body of literature by investigating the potential of a mediating variable in bolstering the link between entrepreneurial orientation and sustainable performance. Additionally, this research provides a unique contribution to the field and suggests areas for future exploration. The proposed model and the determined forces of green innovation can help policymakers and hotel managers comprehend the factors that motivate adopting these practices in the hotel industry.
  Keywords: Entrepreneurial orientation; sustainable performance; green innovation; hotel industry; Mediation analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10057798
   
  
• Influence of building information modelling on the shortening of deadlines of engineering designs in industrial projects  
  by Leonardo Pessanha De Azevedo Pereira, Miguel Luiz Ribeiro Ferreira, Roger Matsumoto Moreira 
  Abstract: The impact of using the building information modelling (BIM) methodology on the shortening of deadlines during design, specifically for projects related to assembly of pumps in industrial plants is analysed. The total development lengths of four detailed engineering projects, as well as those of their individual stages, were studied. Out of these four projects, two used BIM. Qualitative research was conducted through an individual study of each case and a comparative analysis of the results. A quantitative analysis of the performance behaviour of the total lengths of the projects and each stage was also conducted. Incidents that are responsible for an increase in the length of the construction project were also recorded, classified, and quantified. The results for the four construction projects studied did not show a decrease in the length of design deadlines using BIM. However, other advantages mentioned in the literature were obtained when BIM was used.
  Keywords: industrial projects; engineering design; design; building information modelling; BIM; schedule; shortening deadlines; Monte Carlo simulation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10057849
   
  
• How do factors affect labor productivity and satisfaction in small and medium-sized enterprises in Thai Nguyen, Vietnam  
  by Nguyen Dac Dung, Tran Quang Huy 
  Abstract: This study is to investigate how work motivation, training, work environment, management skills, and work time affect labor productivity in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Thai Nguyen, Vietnam. Furthermore, it aims to evaluate business owners' satisfaction with changes in labor productivity and propose policies to enhance it, thereby improving SMEs' competitiveness against larger enterprises. The study found that all five factors (work motivation, training activities, management skills, work environment, and work time) have a positive effect on labor productivity, and increased labor productivity leads to greater employer satisfaction. Work motivation was identified as the most influential factor, followed by training activities, management skills, work environment, and work time.
  Keywords: Productivity; SMEs; Satisfaction; Enterprises; Labor.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10058011
   
  
• Complaints management: Quality of response to customer complaints in an automotive company  
  by António Rocha, Ana Pedregal, Catarina Maia, Gabriel Soares, Hugo Cardoso, Marta Fonseca 
  Abstract: Complaints management is an essential process of customer service providing valuable information to review organisational performance and to support decision-making, holding accountable different stakeholders, including suppliers of product parts and services. The automotive industry requires high-quality standards and internal compliance procedures to assure the reliability of manufacturing processes and quality of product parts, even though with these stringent measures complaints are issued, and they must be promptly handled and solved. This article analysis the processing time of customer complaints, to figure out, the causes leading an automotive industrial unit to not comply with internal and customer response time targets, proposing improvements to minimise the cost of contractual fines To accomplish these outcomes a top-bottom approach was used, detailing critical factors to describe and analyse the complaints handling process and to identify the underlying problems to advance improvement opportunities that can enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the complaints management system.
  Keywords: complaints assessment; 8D process; continuous improvement; quality.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10058099
   
  
• Attribute control chart based on SkSP-R scheme under assumption of Log-logistic (LL) distribution  
  by Harsh Tripathi, Gadde Srinivasa Rao, Peter Kirigiti Josephat 
  Abstract: In this paper, we presented a SkSP-R sampling inspection plan based on attribute control chart for situations where units lifetimes follow log-logistic (LL) distribution. Control limits of proposed control chart are evaluated for different choices of parameters and also discussed the trend of control limits for better understanding of effect of parameters on control limits. Finding of proposed control chart is listed in bullet points in description of tables section. Presented tables are explained in well manner. A hypothetical situation is created by using simulated data to illustrate the working of proposed control chart. The application of suggested control chart is explained using a real-world scenario.
  Keywords: attribute control chart; log-logistic distribution; acceptance sampling inspection plan; time truncated scheme; simulation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10058209
   
  
• Impact of Leadership on the performance of Moroccan companies certified ISO 9001: 2015  
  by Sara OUCHAMA, Badr Dakkak, El Hassan Irhirane 
  Abstract: The International Organization for Standardization has updated the ISO 9001 Standard for a 2015 edition. Among the changes brought about by this evolution is the concept of leadership, which has replaced the famous commitment of the previous version. The ISO 9001:2015 norm strengthens the requirements for management responsibility in the quality management system. This paper studies the impact of leadership on the overall performance of Moroccan organisations certified ISO 9001:2015 through a multidimensional view based on the criteria of the new version and which are grouped into two categories: internal commitment of management and external commitment of management. Our approach is based on a conceptual model based on the assumptions of the literature. PLS analysis was used to analyse the data, which was collected from about 50 manufacturing and service companies in Morocco. According to the results, internal and external commitments of management have a favourable and significant impact on firm performance. This model can only be validated within a predetermined and constrained framework.
  Keywords: ISO 9001:2015; performance; leadership; balanced scorecard; internal management commitment; external management commitment.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10058318
   
  
• Knowledge and New Firm Survival in Emerging Countries: Evidence from Vietnamese Manufacturing Sector  
  by Nguyet Nguyen 
  Abstract: This study focuses on evaluating the effects of knowledge on the survival of new manufacturing firms in an emerging country like Vietnam with an advanced Cox proportional hazard model (CPH). The main findings include: 1) IT application is necessary but the combination with the digital condition, the quality of employees, and the investment on innovation and development become more important; 2) the effect of inventory on firm failure is U-shaped; 3) firm survival is promoted by the ratio of social insurance paid employees; 4) market selection dynamics was based on the firm's ROA.
  Keywords: knowledge; firm survival; manufacturing firms; hazard model; emerging countries; Vietnam.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10058402
   
  
• Impact of total quality management practices on hotel performance: Empirical evidence from Vietnam  
  by Thuy T. Dam, Chi Phan 
  Abstract: This paper presents the results of an empirical study investigating the relationship between TQM practices and hotel performance in Vietnam. Statistical techniques such as ANOVA and SEM were used to analyse data collected from 202 hotels in Vietnam in 2022 through a questionnaire survey. The findings of the analysis suggest that both soft and hard TQM factors have a significant impact on hotel performance in Hanoi. This study strongly recommends that hotel managers focus on implementing soft TQM factors such as top management commitment, customer focus, employee involvement, education, and training, as well as hard TQM factors including continuous improvement, process management, quality tools, and techniques, to achieve higher performance.
  Keywords: soft TQM; hard TQM; hotel performance; Vietnam.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10058425
   
  
• Manufacturing quality of a vehicle occupant protection module: a case study approach  
  by António Rocha, Bruna Miranda, Eduarda Teixeira, Henrique Sousa, Márcia Araújo, Raissa Castro 
  Abstract: This study examines two manufacturing processes used for producing vehicle occupant protection modules. Case study 1 analyses deviations affecting the claxon function, while Case study 2 compares data from two assembly lines producing the same product but equipped with machinery from different suppliers. Five research questions are addressed to evaluate quality factors. Q1 explores customer expectations impact on quality, followed by Q2 examining the relationship between customer satisfaction and product quality. Q3 analyses the effect of machine maintenance, while Q4 investigates the impact of identifying deviation causes. Lastly, Q5 explores the relationship between design choices and product quality. Through detailed analyses and addressing these questions, this study aims to provide insights into the relationship between manufacturing processes, customer expectations, design, and quality. The findings will enhance understanding, enabling informed decisions and strategies to improve product quality and customer satisfaction in manufacturing vehicle occupant protection modules.
  Keywords: manufacturing quality; quality control; capability analysis; compliancy.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10058490
   
  
• Operational Efficiency through Disruptive Innovation in Dairy Business: Evidence from an Emerging Economy  
  by Md. Rahat Khan, Md. Zahir Uddin Arif 
  Abstract: The study aimed to know how an emerging economy's thriving business industry deals with disruptive innovation (DI) from an emerging economy's technically complicated in-land open dairy industry perspective. The study used inductive qualitative case research techniques. Twenty-three dairy owners, managers, veterinary doctors, and farmers were purposefully selected from in-land open dairy farms in Bangladesh. The selected areas were the country's in-land open dairy business zone. The study was based on in-depth interviews, participants, and document observation for the study. The outcomes revealed that six aggregate dimensions are crucial for the in-land dairy business in creating operational efficiency through disruptive innovation in emerging economies. So far, the researchers' knowledge; this particular study was the very first attempt by any researchers to develop a process model to learn operational efficiency through disruptive innovation in the dairy industry from the experience of an emerging economy.
  Keywords: dairy business; disruptive innovation; emerging economy; in-land open.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10058494
   
  
• Comparing the Performance of Serial and Parallel Production Systems through Six Sigma Metrics  
  by Tomás Fontalvo, Leidy Perez Coronell, Katerin Garcia Benavides 
  Abstract: This investigation compares the performance of the two production systems, in series and in parallel, for which it uses the operating curves associated with the Six Sigma metrics and determines which is more efficient when carrying out various processes. Parallel articulates the concepts of parallel and serial systems, and Six Sigma metrics. For the above, through a quantitative investigation, basic Six Sigma metrics were measured in each system, thus evaluating, and comparing their performance in a consistent manner. The results reveal that as the sigma level increases in both systems, the level of defects per million opportunities decreases considerably and the rates increase to levels close to the main target value of Six Sigma, which is a high quality of 99.9999%. Furthermore, the serial system exhibits better results in terms of performance levels generated while the parallel system exhibits greater efficiency over time.
  Keywords: Six Sigma; serial production system; parallel production system; quality; performance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10058514
   
  
• Unleashing the Potential: Integrating TRIZ and Lean Thinking to Optimize Maintenance Processes  
  by El Ghalya LAAROUSSI, Badr Dakkak, Irhirane Elhassan 
  Abstract: Maintenance is a crucial function in any organisation, as it ensures that equipment and systems are functioning efficiently and effectively, and this study investigates how Lean and Teoria Reshenija Izobretateliskih Zadatch (TRIZ) methodologies can enhance maintenance practices. Initially, the study reviews relevant literature on Lean and TRIZ individually to evaluate their applicability to maintenance. Next, the research explores how Lean and TRIZ practices complement each other and how integrating them can improve maintenance processes. Lean is known for reducing process waste, while TRIZ provides a systematic approach for innovative problem solving. The study reveals that there is a 50% overlap between TRIZ principles and various Lean techniques, indicating the potential for synergy between the two methodologies. In conclusion, this study provides a promising solution for organisations looking to optimise their maintenance processes by leveraging the benefits of both Lean and TRIZ methodologies.
  Keywords: maintenance process; Lean manufacturing; Lean maintenance; TRIZ; innovation; improvement.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10058596
   
  
• Improved PSO-Based Adversarial model for WSN  
  by Arjun Siwach, Priyanka Ahlawat 
  Abstract: WSNs generally assume the presence of a centralised entity that acts as a centralised data collection point. Sometimes the operating systems may become hostile in an unattended environment, which may result in real danger of node and data compromise. Thus, in the presence of a powerful adversary, securing data stored on unattended sensors presents interesting challenges and opens an exciting new line of research. Thus, it becomes very important to study and analyse the different adversarial models and defence techniques. In our proposed work, we have designed a robust adversarial model by considering special features of the hostile WSN environment. An improved particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm is presented that uses a multi-objective function to compromise the WSN with maximum node contribution and minimum resource expenditure. It is shown that the improved-PSO required less iterations, resource expenditure, and time to compromise the network as compared with existing models.
  Keywords: vulnerability analysis; wireless sensor networks; WSNs; adversarial model; particle swarm optimisation; PSO.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10058694
   
  
• Quality assurance of product sorting and packaging: a project-based approach to mitigate errors and enhance accuracy  
  by António Rocha, Ana Sousa, Catarina Pereira, Cecília Faria, Liliana Furtado, Fernando Romero 
  Abstract: Achieving operational excellence and meeting customer demands require optimizing product sorting and packaging processes. To minimize errors, companies must implement robust quality control measures, automated sorting systems, and comprehensive checks. In our study of a frozen food manufacturer, a project-based approach in followed focused on addressing sorting and packaging errors. The current sorting machine relies solely on reading product labels, leading to errors in mixing and exchanging. To overcome this challenge, we propose developing a software solution with a new feature: the ability to read labels and detect box colors. This enhancement significantly reduces errors and improves accuracy in product identification and sorting. Through the introduction of color-coded boxes, the machine can easily differentiate between products, reducing the risk of incorrect sorting and ensuring accuracy. This approach creates a seamless system that streamlines operations, enhances quality, and maximizes customer satisfaction.
  Keywords: Quality assurance; Product sorting; Product packaging; Quality improvement; Project planning; Logistics.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10058700
   
  
• Quality control of supplier defects in a precision industry: a case study approach  
  by António Rocha, Beatriz Martins, João Cardoso, João Rodrigues, André Tinoco, Ayrton Oliveira 
  Abstract: This research paper analyzes the quality performance of a supplier providing components AV3, AV4, and AV5 to a high-precision manufacturing industry. Defect analysis by category reveals common issues across the components, emphasizing the need for stringent quality control measures. The defects analysis per time period identifies patterns, such as higher rejections in the second quarter of 2020 and 2021, and a higher number of defects in AV5. Specific actions, including the 8D Report, Quality Control Reports, Quality Control Plan, and Report of Improvement Actions, have been requested from the supplier. Adherence to VDA 6.3 and IATF 16949 standards is recommended. By implementing these actions, the aim is to mitigate defects, improve component quality, and strengthen the supply chain. Emphasizing data analysis and statistical process control enables proactive requests for action to assure the quality of components supplied.
  Keywords: Quality control; Suppliers quality; Statistical process control; Supply chain; Compliancy.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10058701
   
  
• Lean and Dynamic capabilities for SMEs  
  by Vallinayagam Arumugam, Kannabiran Ganesan, S. Vinodh, Gaurav Abhishek Tigga 
  Abstract: In a dynamic business environment amidst COVID-19 pandemic, adopting best practices like lean, supply chain and knowledge management are considered rational decisions to sustain the organisational performance. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) manage their business process by focusing on short-term benefits rather than long-term. Moreover, SMEs need a real-time model for framing the roadmap to execute the best practices. Based on the theory of dynamic capability, value and socio-technical system (STS), this study constructed a holistic framework for SMEs to create a synergetic process with lean, supply chain management (SCM) and knowledge management (KM). Partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was applied to assess the framework model. The model was analysed using the sample size of 132 valid responses from Indian manufacturing SMEs. The current study formulated and studied lean management practices (LMPs) as a holistic approach with lean training, learning culture, supply chain relationship and integration for SMEs performance. The study results also clarified how SMEs could enhance their internal and external capability to improve performance.
  Keywords: lean; small and medium enterprises; SMEs; dynamic capability; learning culture; supply chain and organisational performance; structural equation modelling; SEM.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10058783
   
  
• Case study on process improvement in a transformer oil testing laboratory using value stream mapping for improving service time  
  by Hitesh Karandikar, Uday Puntambekar, Jignasu Yagnik, Devang Joshi 
  Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to improve the report printing activity of the electrical testing laboratory after testing. At a transformer oil testing laboratory at Vadodara, Gujarat, India, customers were facing problem of delayed report delivery after testing of oil. A detailed study of the process was done to check if the value stream mapping and value stream analysis can be applied to improve the report delivery time. After study of as is situation a new system was implemented for the transformer oil testing laboratory. Diagram of various activities were drawn for as is condition and time taken for each activity was noted down. The non-value adding activity consuming unnecessary time waiting was identified and removed. A new software was developed for reporting. It resulted into reduction of report issuance time by minimum 21 days for 2,698 samples out of 5,475 samples tested during FY 2021.
  Keywords: process; process improvement; quality; value stream mapping; flow diagram; transformer oil testing; plan; do; check and act; PDCA.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10058787
   
  
• The effect of company size on the emergence of Lean Construction and Building Information Modelling (BIM) in the AEC industry  
  by Khalil Idrissi Gartoumi, Smail Zaki, Mohamed Aboussaleh 
  Abstract: Building information modelling (BIM) and Lean Construction (LC) are relevant solutions to many of the shortcomings of the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry. The synergistic adoption of LeanBIM has attracted the scientific community's attention. The literature has recorded many barriers, including the capacity of companies and their sizes. In this respect, this paper investigates, tests, and validates the influence of company size on the emergence of LeanBIM. A quantitative survey is conducted using an online questionnaire. A sample of 56 Moroccan professionals with knowledge of LeanBIM and a minimum of three years of experience formed the results' basis. Collected data is analysed and tested by the chi-square statistical test. The study indicates the existence of a dependency and influence of company size on adopting this concept. This study will first help decision-makers and stakeholders draw up effective plans to encourage LeanBIM practices and provide new avenues for research.
  Keywords: Lean Construction; LC; building information modelling; BIM; LeanBIM; barriers; company size; chi-square.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10058792
   
  
• Justification of Technological Competency Parameter Using Fuzzy-Based Simulation Model  
  by Harpreet Sharma, Chandan Deep Singh, Kanwaljeet Singh 
  Abstract: The world in which firm operates is one that is rapidly getting more technologically advanced. Global firms are competing in India's manufacturing sector. To fulfil expected output, a wide range of potentially viable technologies is already in existence. In order to keep their competitive edge, companies must stay up with the state of manufacturing technology in terms of both capacity and competency. This article assesses the impact of technological competencies on Indian manufacturing industry. The fuzzy inference system (fuzzy logic toolbox) is used in this study to assess the strategic impact of technological competencies. According to the results of MATLAB's fuzzy toolbox's fuzzy rule viewer and surface view tool, technological competencies parameters have a positive impact on manufacturing performance. Top management support, technology adoption, and technological capability are significant predictors of Indian manufacturing performance.
  Keywords: competency; technological competency; fuzzy inference system; FIS; business performance parameters.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10058813
   
  
• Increasing Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) by Changeover Time Reduction: A Pharmaceutical Case Carried through DMAIC Cycle  
  by Aqib Rasheed, Syed Mehmood Hasan, Satya Shah, Elmira Naghi Ganji 
  Abstract: This study aims to enhance the overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) of a blister packaging line in a pharmaceutical firm located in a developing nation in Asia. The case study employed the DMAIC cycle (define, measure, analyse, improve, and control) to investigate and address the issue comprehensively. Utilising various data analysis methods, the root causes of the problem were identified, and changeover-time reduction emerged as a quick win among several factors. The single-minute exchange of die (SMED) approach was employed, leading to the development of effective solutions. The successful elimination of the root cause brought about continuous enhancements in the processing department, ultimately resulting in increased OEE. Furthermore, changeover time reduction was identified as the major contributing factor to this improvement. The novelty of this research lies in exploring different lean manufacturing and six sigma methodologies for enhancing OEE within the pharmaceutical sector.
  Keywords: changeover time; DMAIC; lean manufacturing; OEE; pharmaceutical sector; SMED; Six Sigma.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10058822
   
  
• Improving the Quality of process by eliminating the problems using Lean Tools- A case study  
  by Inderjit Singh Sodhi, Ankesh Mittal, Gurbhej Singh, Vimal Kumar, Sachit Vardhan, Sanjeev Bansal 
  Abstract: Lean manufacturing (LM) is a philosophy that has gained popularity in recent years as a way to achieve the business goals. LM is a combined system whose main focus is on removal of waste by simultaneously reducing or minimising supplier, customer and internal. This paper presents a case study of a manufacturing company that implemented lean tools to improve their production process and eliminate problems. The aim of this research study is to distinguish between the working parameters as well as working condition within the industry at the present time that is before implementation of LM and also to know the change in the working capacity and conditions of the plant itself after the changes made through LM tools and techniques. The results of this study showed that the implementation of these lean tools led to significant improvements in the production process, including eliminating the time consuming tasks which saved lot of time by reducing the idle time during production.
  Keywords: lean manufacturing; quality; case study; lean tools; Pareto analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10058824
   
  
• Understanding the determinants of job performance in manufacturing SMEs: Evidence from an emerging economy  
  by Haniruzila Hanifah 
  Abstract: This study examined the relationship between human resource practices, job satisfaction, organisational commitment, and job performance among manufacturing SME employees. A total of 179 respondents were purposively sampled, and data were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Results revealed a significant relationship between human resource practices and job satisfaction and organisational commitment. Job satisfaction positively influenced organisational commitment and job performance. However, no significant relationship was found between organisational commitment and job performance. These findings highlight the importance of effective human resource practices for enhancing job satisfaction and commitment in manufacturing SMEs. By implementing strategies such as evaluation, rewards, and training can foster commitment and improve performance. This contributes to knowledge about these dynamics, emphasising the need for HR practices that enhance employee satisfaction and commitment for better job performance. Future research should explore industry-specific factors and additional variables impacting this relationship.
  Keywords: human resource practices; job satisfaction; organisational commitment; job performance; manufacturing SMEs.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10058925
   
  
• Prioritization of sustainable power source for electricity generation in remote sawmills: A case study in the context of Fiji  
  by Jaishneel Sharma, Rajeshkannan Ananthanarayanan, Devi Seenivasagam 
  Abstract: The sawmill and construction industries are significant sources of anthropogenic pollutants. Although modern sawmills endeavour to improve productivity and sustainability, many developing countries like Fiji still rely on diesel generators for power, which leads to rising operational costs and environmental concerns. Hence, renewable energy sources are explored as alternatives, such as solar, wind, biomass, and grid connections (mainly hydropower), to achieve sustainable growth. A comprehensive evaluation using the analytical hierarchy process reveals grid connection as the most viable option, followed by diesel generators, biomass, wind, and solar energy. Grid connection offers a 55% reduction in operational costs, a 60% decrease in carbon emissions, and 61% less water usage over the next seven years. These findings can guide researchers, government agencies, and the private sector in implementing energy policies for sawmills in remote areas.
  Keywords: analytical hierarchy process; AHP; renewable energy; sawmill; sustainable power source.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10059083
   
  
• Implementing Green Lean Six Sigma: A Methodology for Promoting Sustainability  
  by Md Omar Al Javed  
  Abstract: Green Lean Six Sigma (GLSS) is an effective technique that combines Lean Six Sigma principles with an ecologically conscientious perspective. This paper thoroughly investigates the implementation of GLSS methodology in various industries. It tries to overcome performance issues and impediments while emphasising environmental awareness. The study adds to the body of knowledge and supports sustainability and operational efficiency by identifying and analysing barriers to adopting green technologies. The methodology employs tools such as multiple-criterion decision-making (MCDM), best-worst method (BWM), and principal component analysis (PCA) to prioritise difficulties and target improvement areas. Results highlight the importance of process efficiency and incorporating sustainable practices for long-term viability and a beneficial environmental impact. Overall, this research presents a proven methodology for standardising and applying sustainable manufacturing practices, increasing GLSS and sustainability knowledge.
  Keywords: sustainability; waste reduction; environmental impact; lean methodology; Six Sigma; GLSS framework.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10059087
   
  
• Impact of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) on the Quality and Productivity Management of the AEC Industry: A Partial Least Square Data Analysis  
  by Ahsan Waqar 
  Abstract: The architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) sector must overcome obstacles to guaranteeing excellence and efficiency in construction endeavours. Robotic process automation (RPA) has emerged as a novel technological solution to these challenges. This research aims to examine the influence of RPA on the management of quality and productivity through the application of structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Furthermore, the study investigates the effects of robotic process automation (RPA) on collaborative efforts and engagement of stakeholders. The research methodology comprises three primary stages, namely, the identification of crucial impact variables, refinement of these variables through interviews, and the creation of questionnaires. The data gathered from participants in the Perak region of Malaysia underwent analysis using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and PLS-SEM. The findings indicate that accuracy and compliance (AC), automated and accelerated data analysis (AA), enhanced collaboration (EC), and error detection and prevention (EP) have an influence on quality and productivity management.
  Keywords: AEC; robotic; quality; productivity; management.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10059088
   
  
• Domestically Sourced and Imported Raw Material Utilisation and Labour Productivity: Evidence from Small and Medium-Scale Manufacturing Firms of Ethiopia  
  by Temesgen Wajebo 
  Abstract: This study is aimed to investigate the effect of domestically sourced and imported raw material utilisation on labour productivity in small and medium-sized manufacturing firms in Ethiopia. A two-stage least squares (2SLS) regression model is employed using survey data collected by the Ethiopian Statistics Service from 1,351 selected firms in 2020. The results show that domestically sourced and imported raw material utilisation intensity per labour is an important determinant of labour productivity in small and medium manufacturing firms in Ethiopia. Providing incentives for the industry's demand-driven agricultural product producers is suggested to address the shortage of raw materials. Expansion of industrial parks and sheds also help to mitigate infrastructure provision problems and maximise agglomeration effects. Furthermore, intervening to improve workers' wages would improve labour productivity.
  Keywords: domestic input; imported input; labour productivity; 2SLS method.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10059093
   
  
• Identification of the individual required competences for quality management in a company: a case study on the quality manager position  
  by Sara Ait Bahom, Lotfi CHRAÏBI, Naoufal Sefiani 
  Abstract: Personnel selection is an important step for any company seeking to continually enhance organise processes and improve its performance. The selection of personnel according to the required competences is a difficult problem that requires the use of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. Despite the importance given to competences and the quality management system in the industrial field, there is not yet an approach that identifies the quality management competences required by ISO 9001:2015. In this paper, a fuzzy hybrid approach has been developed to identify the competences required by quality managers. A new modified version of the Fuzzy SWARA (FSWARA) method has been proposed. Furthermore, a case study of the implementation of this approach to a quality manager position is also presented in this work.
  Keywords: criteria prioritisation process; fuzzy Delphi method; fuzzy step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis; FSWARA; identification process; individual competences requirements; multi-criteria decision-making ; MCDM; quality management system; QMS; personnel selection; quality manager position.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10059097
   
  
• The causal relationship among factors of lean tool implementation with a DEMATEL method in Indonesian Aerospace  
  by Niza Nurmalasari, Aminudin Azis, Hendrick Hernando, Farida Tri Hastuti, Hifzhan Frima Thousani 
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the causal relationship among factors that impact the utilisation of safety, quality, cost, delivery, and people (SQCDP) as a component of Lean Manufacturing implementation to optimise the implementation in the directorate production of Indonesian Aerospace. The study employs the decision-making trial evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method and leverages the expertise of specialised individuals within the Directorate Production, such as division managers and lean agents. Furthermore, a method of surveying was implemented to retrieve data from purposeful sampling. A cause-and-effect diagram was developed and provided importance degrees for all factors. The main findings of this study are the visualisation of the causal relationship among factors of SQCDP implementation through digraphs. This study helps the organisation to provide a clear understanding of the fundamental factors that should be given priority and recommended for further action to achieve long-term progress of lean implementation.
  Keywords: lean manufacturing; DEMATEL; digraph; SQCDP; Aerospace Industry.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10059118
   
  
• Why do market orientation, product innovation capability, marketing performance, and competitiveness of small and medium-scale enterprises differ?  
  by Onan Marakali Siregar, Selwendri Selwendri, Muhammad Dharma Nasution 
  Abstract: The study aims to explore how market orientation, product innovation capability, and marketing performance relate and differ in influencing competitive advantage among small and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs). Employing a quantitative method, the research involves SME business owners and managers from three different types of SMEs. A Bayesian regression model was utilised to test the hypothesised research model. Empirical findings indicate that market orientation, product innovation capability, and marketing performance positively and significantly correlate with competitive advantage. While driving firms to enhance competitiveness, notable differences in SMEs' characteristics concerning market orientation, product innovation capability, marketing performance, and competitive advantage underscore their importance. This study contributes to enriching the body of knowledge, particularly in understanding the interconnectedness among these constructs as integral elements of competitive advantage's definitions and origins. The practical implications are expected to guide business owners and managers in making more informed and appropriate decisions.
  Keywords: market orientation; product innovation capability; marketing performance; competitive advantage; small and medium-scale enterprises; SMEs.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10059134
   
  
• What affects the consumers' green purchasing behaviour A Study from an emerging market  
  by Md Wasim Raza, Anwar Rasheed, Furquan Uddin 
  Abstract: Consumers exhibit green purchasing behaviour (GPB) and contribute to sustainable development goals by buying responsible products. The primary focus of the study is on the factors crucial for mainstreaming green purchasing behaviour for fast-moving consumer goods (FMCGs) in India. With a sample of 302, this study explores the factors affecting consumers’ GPB in India. The study results into four independent variables, namely, environment consciousness (EC), environment involvement (EI), perceived effectiveness of environment behaviour (PEEB), and environment attitude (EA), which have an impact on GPB. The path analysis shows that EA and PEEB positively impact GPB, while EC and EI do not significantly impact GPB. The findings have important policy implications for emerging markets.
  Keywords: green purchasing behaviour; GPB; SDGs; green marketing; environment-friendly; FMCG.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10059145
   
  
• Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Scheme with Curtailment for Detecting COVID-19 Cases: A Case Study  
  by Fathy Alkhatib, Salah Haridy, Ahmed Maged, Hamdi Bashir, M. Shamsuzzaman 
  Abstract: The exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) scheme has been commonly utilised to monitor shifts in infection rate p. In this research, an enhanced EWMA chart employing the curtailment technique (called Curt-EWMA chart) is used for detecting COVID-19 cases in airports. This chart can also be used for detecting infections associated with other respiratory viruses. The Curt-EWMA chart is able to improve detection effectiveness by minimising an overall performance measure, being the average number of infections (ANI), while maintaining a satisfactory false alarm rate. The utilisation of the ANI as an objective function provides the chart with a commendable detection effectiveness across a broad spectrum of shift sizes. A comparison between the Curt-EWMA and the traditional EWMA scheme is performed across multiple cases. The Curt-EWMA scheme is found to be 42% more effective than the traditional EWMA scheme in terms of ANI. The Curt-EWMA design is validated using a real-life case study in a major airport, where the results show a superiority of the Curt-EWMA scheme over the traditional EWMA by 20% in terms of ANI.
  Keywords: control charts; EWMA chart; curtailment; COVID-19; quality control; statistical process control; process control.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10059227
   
  
• The Role of Benchmarking from a Management Accounting and Control Perspective: Evidence from Norwegian Firms  
  by Daniel Johanson, Dag Øivind Madsen, Terje Berg 
  Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the diffusion and adoption motives for benchmarking in Norwegian firms. Based on a questionnaire survey, we conduct a descriptive analysis of the types of benchmarking used, to what extent firms expect to implement or increase the use in the future, and its potential use in combination with other management practices. The data indicate that Norwegian firms formally use benchmarking as a management practice. Benchmarking is clearly used in conjunction with and alongside other management accounting and control practices. Benchmarking is often understood as a practice that could replace budgets. We suggest a more complex picture, where benchmarking seems complementary to budgeting. Finally, use of KPIs, as well as big data analytics, adds complexities in choosing efficient management control packages. Overall, our paper theorises about benchmarking and reflects on the future usefulness of benchmarking and interdependencies with other management practices.
  Keywords: benchmarking; management accounting and control; management practices; diffusion; adoption motives; implementation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10059288
   
  
• Adoption of Artificial Intelligence and Productivity: A Game Changer for Productive Outcomes in Indian IT Companies  
  by Ramesh Sattu, Simanchala Das 
  Abstract: The present study examines the effect of the potent drivers for AI adoption regarding talent acquisition and actual usage in information technology (IT) companies from an emerging market perspective for productive business outcomes. SEM analysis was applied to validate the hypothesised model using 459 responses drawn from survey participants. In this regard, the findings reveal a positive and significant link between all the study constructs that render affirmation to the research model. The results and findings were compared with prior studies in the similar domain that provides a strong justification to place the novel contribution of this study in extending the domain knowledge. Also, the findings provide insights to managers and policymakers to devise strategies for productivity and effective implementation of the AI for talent acquisition that can ease the workload of the HR specialists in the organisations.
  Keywords: artificial intelligence; talent acquisition; information technology; productivity; business outcomes; game changer.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10059594
   
  
• Lean manufacturing in the production of sprockets through value stream mapping - A case study  
  by D. Ramesh Kumar, S.R. Devadasan 
  Abstract: During the last two decades, researchers and practitioners have carried out investigations on implementing lean manufacturing by applying value stream mapping (VSM) technique along the production lines of different automobile parts. Yet, although being a part produced in large volume in automobile industry, sprocket has not been subjected to such investigation. In order to fill this gap, the case study reported in this paper was carried out. Initially, the production of a sprocket in the case study company was observed. Subsequently, the current and future state maps were drawn. In order to decrease the total lead time, two lean manufacturing approaches were specified in this future state map. On implementing these two lean manufacturing approaches, the total lead time decreased from 82.848 seconds to 70.568 seconds. The experience of conducting this case study indicated that VSM is a powerful technique for practically implementing lean manufacturing in organisations.
  Keywords: lean manufacturing; value stream mapping; VSM; non-value adding activities; NVAAs; poka-yoke; automobile industry; sprocket.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10059634
   
  
• Lean Six Sigma Improvement: The Case of a Supplement Manufacturer  
  by Wesley S. Boyce, Megan O'Brien, Stephen Meidinger, Emerson Cole 
  Abstract: This case study presents the application of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) methodology to improve the production process of a firm that produces a home health product in the USA. The goal is to demonstrate how this process is improved using LSS methods. Define, measure, analyse, improve and control (DMAIC) is used to improve the production process in a structured manner. This includes using VSM to create a current state outline of the process and to identify needed areas of improvement, as well as utilising the five whys approach to identify the root cause of problems. It is found that applying LSS methodology led to positive results, such as improved on-time deliveries, reduced idle times, and raw materials reductions. The techniques used in this work can aid practitioners that want to learn more about making improvements at their own firms using LSS methods.
  Keywords: waste reduction; performance improvement; DMAIC; value stream mapping; Lean Six Sigma; quality.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10059702
   
  
• Development and validation of a questionnaire for measuring the sustainability factors of Quality Management Systems  
  by Mohammad Mohamad Fakhrulnizam, Rusli Abdullah, Marzanah A. Jabar, Rozi Nor Haizan Nor 
  Abstract: This study elaborates on the development of a questionnaire as a survey instrument for measuring the sustainability factors of quality management systems. The scope covers the discussion on the content and face validity performed by the experts. The analysis contributes to the existing body of knowledge by utilising the content validity index (CVI), kappa-coefficient and Aiken-V. Validity analysis comprises two stages; the first involves a content validity approach by nine experts using a four-rating scale measurement (relevance level). The second stage requires face validity by lay experts using a five-rating scale measurement (importance level). The preliminary questionnaire consists of three constructs with two categorical questions. The outcome from the content analysis shows that two items were removed from the values and technique constructs, respectively. This paper significantly contributes to guiding other researchers in conducting content and face validity of the preliminary item questionnaire developed within the context of quality management.
  Keywords: subject matter expert; online survey; instrument development; quality management systems; sustainability; quantitative approach; practical guide; content validity; face validity; interval scale.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10059736
   
  
• Enhancing Organizational Performance through Leadership Competencies for Business Productivity  
  by Simanchala Das, Vyshnavi Tallam, Manasa Gangothri Swami, Venigalla Yagna Sri, Chennamsetti Santhi Priya 
  Abstract: The automobile landscape in the emerging markets has been showing an unpreceded growth due to the rising incomes of the middle-class population and requirements for personal commute. Accordingly, the automobile companies are putting their best foot forward to enhance the leadership competencies of their managers to ensure favourable effect on organisational performance in the long-run for sustainable businesses and overall business productivity. In response, this research makes an attempt to explore the various leadership competencies that are vital towards the organisational performance of the automobile companies in the Indian context. The study findings will render empirical evidence to validate the hypothesised linkages and offer newer insights on this under-explored domain to facilitate conceptual development, strategy formulation, and effective policy development.
  Keywords: organisational performance; leadership; competencies; intelligence; business productivity.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10059793
   
  
• Downtime analysis of a vegetable oil manufacturing company: A case study  
  by Faria Aktar Tonny, Mahedi Islam Chayan, Ayesha Maliha, Doulotuzzaman Xames 
  Abstract: This research paper aims to boost overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) by identifying production line inefficiencies in automated vegetable oil production. Over 22 months, we analyzed downtime data from five machines, revealing that 83.7% of failures occurred during filling, capping, and unscrambling. The filling machine caused 50.7% of downtime, primarily due to synching and worm adjustment issues. The capping machine had 21 breakdown types, with nine being common, and the unscrambler had 13 types, with seven common ones. Downtime resulted from setup-adjustment and machine failure issues. Recommendations include preventive maintenance like adjustment, lubrication, cleaning, inspection, and faster response to failures. Our research emphasises the importance of competent operation management, effective maintenance scheduling, and continuous improvement for enhanced OEE and achieving company objectives. It provides valuable insights for production professionals to enhance automated production systems and reduce costs, applicable to similar equipment and processes for improved manufacturing efficiency and loss reduction.
  Keywords: case study; downtime; overall equipment effectiveness; OEE; productivity; root causes; total productive maintenance; TPM.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10059818
   
  
• Prioritizing Psychological Well-Being at the Workplace for Productive Business Outcomes  
  by Nilima Priyadarshini, Jagadeesha Marigowda, Samir Kumar Nanda, Potnuru Rama Krishna Gupta 
  Abstract: The present research examines the role of psychological well-being (PWB) of the employees of the selected manufacturing units for productive business outcomes in an emerging economy. Drawing cues from the extant literature, this research identifies and prioritises the PWB dimensions at the workplace through RIDIT analysis. The empirical findings exhibit personal growth, autonomy, and positive relations with others are the most important dimensions, based on the respondent perceptions. These findings offer novel insights regarding the PWB domain to extend the theoretical knowledge and aid organisational policy formulation for productive advancements in the business. Consequently, this study affirms the vitality of implementing initiatives to provide a conducive work environment for the employees, which can reduce their pressure and stress levels and perform better.
  Keywords: psychological well-being; policy formulation; workplace; productivity; business outcomes.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10059925
   
  
• Combined EWMA-Mixed EWMA CUSUM Schemes for Monitoring the Process Mean  
  by Dushyant Tyagi, Himani Shonik, Vikas Saxena 
  Abstract: Control charts are the most popular tools of statistical quality control to detect shifts in any operational process. Cumulative sum (CUSUM) and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) charts are used to detect small to moderate shifts, but both have their own limitations. Abbas et al. (2012) presented the mixed EWMA CUSUM (MEC) scheme, wherein he applied CUSUM chart on EWMA statistic. In this paper, we have proposed a combination of EWMA and MEC charts. The performance of the proposed chart is evaluated in terms of the average run length (ARL) and standard deviation of run length (SDRL) values. After comparing the proposed scheme with some existing schemes by ARL ratio, the results show that the performance of the proposed scheme is superior to other schemes.
  Keywords: average runs length; standard deviation of runs length; Monte Carlo simulation; statistical process control; cumulative sum scheme; exponentially weighted moving average scheme.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10059926
   
  
• How to Increase Productivity with Simulation Practices in Underground Projects?  
  by Mehmet Enes Aksüllü, G. Emre Gurcanli 
  Abstract: The efficient allocation and use of resources is crucial in large and complex construction projects. However, in many countries including Turkey, planning, control, and efficiency have been approached through past experience and simplistic mathematical models. This lack of integration in project scheduling has resulted in cost overruns and inefficiencies. This paper presents a study based on real field observations and practices, aiming to simulate repetitive construction operations in four different construction sites in Istanbul. The focus is on the relationship between lean construction and simulation. The study utilises the EZStrobe simulation tool. Four cases are examined, including a pipe jacking operation, a dry batch and delivery placement operation, and three tunnelling projects using the new Australian tunnelling method. The results demonstrate that real-time projects can be effectively simulated to assess resource productivity. The simulation system can also be used in ongoing or upcoming projects to optimise resource utilisation, minimise waste, and make informed decisions. Ultimately, the use of simulation models can lead to reduced resource requirements, lower costs, shorter cycle times, and higher productivity in construction operations.
  Keywords: simulation; construction industry; productivity; lean construction; EzStrobe; new Australian tunnelling method; NATM.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10059936
   
  
• Supply Chain Reactions to Inflation and Exchange Rate Volatility in Ghana  
  by Maxwell Wahabu Manpaya, DeGraft Owusumanu, D.J. Edwards, Bernard K. Baiden, Md. Zahir Uddin Arif 
  Abstract: Ghana’s economy faces susceptibility to external shocks due to its heavy reliance on imports, making it sensitive to price fluctuations that affect government revenue. The historical depreciation of the currency has also hampered economic growth and fiscal stability. Traditional economic wisdom suggests that services generate fewer well-paying jobs compared to production, but a novel concept called the supply chain economy challenges this notion. This research delves into the supply chains response to inflation and exchange rate volatility in Ghana, where an 8% inflation target guides monetary policy to curb expenses, reduce poverty, and sustain economic growth. Employing statistical methods like generalised autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity and autoregressive distributed lag co-integration, the study explores the relationship between exchange rates and inflation. It reveals that variables like GDP, foreign direct investment, private market loans, and infrastructure spending significantly impact export efficiency in both the short and long-term. Additionally, including imports from the manufacturing industry results in negative inflation. This research provides valuable insights into the entire supply chain within domestic and international economies, particularly in the context of economic variables influence on procurement supply chain dynamics.
  Keywords: exchange rate volatility; gross domestic product; GDP; import; inflation; procurement entities; procurement data.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10059950
   
  
• A novel FMEA approach considering risk factors interaction and quality loss cost  
  by Ling Yan, Linhan Ouyang, Yushuai Che 
  Abstract: Failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) has been employed by numerous industries to detect and eliminate potential failure modes. This article suggests a new FMEA approach that takes into account the interaction between risk factors in an uncertain and hesitant probabilistic fuzzy environment. The uncertainty and hesitance of experts are depicted by applying probabilistic hesitant fuzzy sets (PHFSs), and the relative relationships of risk factors are obtained by the Choquet integral and Shapley index. The k-means clustering algorithm is applied to determine the action priority of failure modes. Finally, for the high-risk failure modes, the quality loss costs are evaluated from the view of failure costs and prevention costs to give suggestions to engineers and managers. Furthermore, in order to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach, a practical example of adhesive process for ventilation is provided to illustrate the demonstration of proposed FMEA methodology.
  Keywords: failure modes and effects analysis; FMEA; probabilistic hesitant fuzzy sets; PHFSs; risk factors interaction relationship; quality loss costs.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10060046
   
  
• Performance Evaluation of International Standard Certification Organizations and Development of an Operational Model for it in Pakistan  
  by Muhammad Bilal Mirza, Nawar Khan 
  Abstract: The purpose of the study is to examine the performance evaluation of ISO management system standards on the performance of business companies with the mediating role of consulting firms and the moderating role of the Government of Pakistan (GoP) to enhance the quality of products and performance of business companies. This research adopts a quantitative approach with a positive examination and cross-sectional exploration was chosen to collect data from upper-level management, middle-level management and lower-level management. The data was collected from manufacturing and service industry through the Chamber of Commerce and Industries of Pakistan. The results of this research are that the GoP is not giving any incentives to the business community and it becomes difficult for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to adopt ISO certification to compete internationally and also, maintain the quality of products and meet customer satisfaction. The main cause for less total ISO standard certification in Pakistan is the excessive cost and the lack of interest by the GoP.
  Keywords: ISO standards; performance analysis; government initiatives; International Register of Certificated Auditors; IRCA; commercial companies of Pakistan; Pakistan.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10060362
   
  
• Way out of the Supply Crises through Risk Minimization - Metrological Comparison of two Polypropylene Materials and Examination with Six Sigma Methods  
  by Carsten Engler, Anthimos Georgiadis, Dirk Lange, Nicolas Meier 
  Abstract: The supply crisis has affected social life in almost all sectors. A supply crisis can be avoided or reduced significantly by employing a risk analysis and derived measures as a part of quality management. The present paper researches two polypropylene materials. The aim of this study is to provide answers and possibilities on how to reduce the risk of material shortage in the plastics industry without having to adapt the moulding tool and the process parameters of the injection moulding machine. This metrological study was executed with ultrasonic sensor housings of the automotive industry. To interpret the results accurately, two approaches are in pursuit, technical relevancy, and statistical significance. Both will be described in detail, with the contemplation and interpretation of the results. The statistical significance, as a method of the Six Sigma toolbox, employs the 95% confidence level, the null-hypothesis and the t-test.
  Keywords: risk management; sustainable development; green/environmental productivity; supply chain quality management; Six Sigma management; recycled material; metrological comparison.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10060471
   
  
• Evaluating the performance of an aerospace manufacturing company through a case study research  
  by Ashish Kumar Roy, R.P. Mohanty 
  Abstract: This paper deals with a case study research conducted on an Indian aircraft manufacturing company known as Hindustan Aeronautic Limited (HAL), which is a defence public sector undertaking (PSU). The study is the first of its kind to evaluate the broad performance in terms of a multiple set of important parameters from the year 20032022. The research focuses on the strategic postures that the management has undertaken during the companys evolutionary growth. The strategic postures at various phases of the life cycle of the company have been diagnosed by using Greiner Curve (1972, 1998) to derive some significant learning for futuristic strategy formulation; which has some broader implications for sustainable manufacturing and sustainability in general (Mohanty and Prakash 2017; Chatterjee and Mohanty, 2023). It is an exploratory and longitudinal case study (Yin, 2018).
  Keywords: case study research; performance evaluation; aerospace industry; organisation life cycle; strategic posture; regenerative strategy; sustainable manufacturing.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10060474
   
  
• Linking Safety Knowledge, Attitude, and Behaviour among Manufacturing Workers in Malaysia: A PLS Predict Approach  
  by Syazwan Syah Zulkifly, Yusmani Mohd Yusoff, Nor Halim Hasan, Mohd Rafee Baharudin, Yudi Fernando 
  Abstract: The manufacturing sector recorded the highest accident cases in Malaysia, and safety behaviour was found to have been the leading cause. The theory of reason action (TRA) proved that attitude could spark intention and lead to behaviour. However, the role of knowledge in influencing behaviour remains ambiguous, and this study applied a research model in which safety knowledge, safety attitude, and safety behaviour were investigated among Malaysia’s manufacturing workers. A questionnaire survey was distributed to 100 respondents who work in manufacturing firms. The data were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling. As a result, safety attitude and knowledge significantly affected safety behaviour, with safety attitude mediating. Furthermore, the PLS predict results determined a high predictive power of the research model. This finding extends previous research by highlighting the roles of safety knowledge and attitude in mediating the relationship between safety knowledge and safety behaviour. The KAB approach is a theoretical foundation for understanding the relationships between safety behaviours, safety knowledge, and safety attitudes. Moreover, the study is unique because it incorporates safety knowledge to predict safety attitudes and affect safety behaviours in the context of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and theory of reason action (TRA).
  Keywords: safety knowledge; safety attitude; safety behaviour; PLS predict; manufacturing industry; Malaysia.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10060511
   
  
• E-HRM practices and HR service quality  
  by Javad Shahreki, Kavitha Raman, Audrey Lim Li Chin, Maniyarasi Gowindasamy, Seyedeh Shiva Hashemi, Nor Fauziana Ibrah 
  Abstract: Through the mediation of user instruction, and moderation of user acceptance of the e-HRM system, this research investigates how e-HRM practices (operational, relational, and transformational) affect the efficiency of HR services. Data were gathered via a questionnaire from a sample of 362 line managers and HR specialists who worked with HR applications in service and manufacturing sectors in Malaysia. The findings indicated that user instruction mediates the impact of e-HRM practices on the efficacy of HR services, additionally, the quality of HR services is more strongly impacted by e-HRM practices when user acceptance of the system is high (vs. low). The body of knowledge is expanded by this study by highlighting the impact of relational, transformational, and operational e-HRM techniques on the effectiveness of HR services. Moreover, it offers line managers and HR experts insightful information on the value of user training for a successful adoption of e-HRM.
  Keywords: e-HRM practices; e-HRM utilisation; user acceptance; user instruction; HRM quality of service.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10060633
   
  
• Synchronizing Innovation in Sustainability and Cultural Transformation within Urban Ecosystem  
  by Rajagopal Rajagopal, Ananya Rajagopal 
  Abstract: The social consciousness in performing rituals largely indicates the community orientation towards sustainability and congruence with the neurobehavioural (viz. memories, emotions, and transcendental values), behavioural economic, and cultural anthropology factors in transforming conventional rituals. This study analyses the changing behaviour of people adapting to sustainable rituals for deceased people and prospecting technology use to digitise the memories. The data has been collected in metropolitan area of Mexico City. Reviewing the ritual theory, theory of social change, and social cognitive theory, six hypotheses have been constructed with 21 variables. The results of this study analyse the changes in the behaviour of the individuals in the context of adoption of sustainable practices through the ease of use of technology. The use of digitisation of memories of the deceased and retrieval of the same through QR codes embedded in the urns has stimulated the lower stratum consumers to adapt sustainable ritual practices.
  Keywords: social consciousness; sustainability; technology; rituals; economic impact.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10060634
   
  
• The Dynamics between Counterfeit Anti-Measures and Elements of Resilience: an Empirical Study  
  by Flavia Lima, Andrea Silva, Igor Gallo, Moacir Godinho Filho 
  Abstract: The literature on counterfeit is fragmented, and some authors proposed that resilience could provide the elements to combat counterfeit, although no research was found to explore their relationship empirically. Our research explores the relationship between supply chain resilience (SCR) and counterfeit anti-measures in medicine supply chains. This paper carried out multiple case studies involving wholesalers, distributors, hospitals, and a government agency. Our research proposes a framework and two propositions to guide managers and scholars on how elements of resilience and counterfeit anti-measures interact to improve the medicine supply chain’s resilience regarding counterfeit. This research showed that information sharing and collaboration are the two starting points of counterfeit resilience, and companies should focus their actions on consumers, organisations, and supply chains. This paper contributed by: 1) presenting which counterfeit anti measures enable such resilience; 2) showing where companies should focus their efforts to reduce the counterfeit threat.
  Keywords: medicine supply chain; resilience; counterfeit anti-measures.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10060667
   
  
• Software effort estimation using validated accuracy points for open-source packaged software  
  by Anitha Gracy, Chandrakumar Thangavel, Parthasarathy S, Vaishnavi V, Premnitin P 
  Abstract: The current trend is open-source software (OSS), which organisations can use and change to fulfil product needs. This study introduces validated accuracy points (VAP) to properly estimate effort for open-source code-based packaged software, such as enterprise resource planning (ERP) that was built using agile methods. This study employed 14 software projects from one company. This research compares different software effort estimation methods using machine learning (ML) algorithms like extreme gradient boosting (XGB) to validate the package points (PP) and validated accuracy points (VAP) with mean squared error (MSE) for startup companies that use customised open-source packaged software packages.
  Keywords: package points; function points; lines of code; object points; open source; agile method; machine learning; effort estimation; extreme gradient boosting; XGB.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10060668
   
  
• Conceptualizing and validating a customer satisfaction measurement model in e-services. Evidence from the Greek e-banking sector  
  by George Paltayian, Styliani Xanthopoulou, Dimitris Gavalas, Eftychia Kessopoulou, Dimitrios Angelis 
  Abstract: This study aimed to measure customer satisfaction by employing the five key dimensions of the SERVQUAL model. The dimensions of the SERVQUAL model and a focus group method was used to conceptualise a research model proposed for customer satisfaction measurement in the Greek e-banking sector. A questionnaire was designed and administered to 1,026 e-banking users, and a total of 333 respondents replied. For assessment of the measurement model, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used. Additionally, for assessment of the structural model, the partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modelling (SEM) technique was employed. The validated customer satisfaction measurement tool includes three dimensions, namely performability, responsiveness, and assurance, which have significant and positive relationships with the customer satisfaction construct. Due to the locality of the context, we suggest that further research should be conducted to generalise the findings in e-banking and e-commerce. This paper is the first attempt to provide a validated customer-satisfaction-measurement model based on the dimensions of the SERVQUAL model that directly asks customers to weight service attributes while using a tool based on statistical inference from observed associations.
  Keywords: customer satisfaction; mixed research method; partial least squares; PLS; structural equation modelling; SEM; e-service; e-banking.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10060725
   
  
• Use of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) for Productivity and Sustainable Livelihood of the Rural Communities  
  by Tumula Dilleswar Rao, N.V.J. Rao 
  Abstract: This research evaluates the impact of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) towards enhancing the community capacity building and sustainable livelihood of the regional communities in the context of an emerging market. Based in insights from the prior studies, this research identifies certain gaps and attempts to fill the vacuum in the literature of community capacity building. Structural equation modelling was applied to test the hypothesised model using 346 responses drawn from survey participants. The study findings show that NTFPs positively and significantly affect the sustainable livelihood and productivity of the local communities in the selected forest regions. Further, association between NTFPs and community capacity building was found positive. Moreover, community capacity building plays a mediating role in the link between NTFPs and sustainable livelihood. These research findings lend empirical support to the limited literature on community capacity building and provide cues to the policymakers to devise effective strategies and initiatives.
  Keywords: non-timber; sustainable livelihood; rural; forest product; productivity.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10060741
   
  
• Revisiting the concept of 5S: A comparative analysis study through the lens of pioneers  
  by Manuel F. Suarez-Barraza, José A. Miguel-Dávila, Kodo Yokozawa 
  Abstract: The global pandemic due to the COVID-19 disease promoted webinars, courses and seminars on social networks. One of these themes in the midst of all the webinars and trainings has been the 5'S. This profiling has generated confusion and failures when applying it. Therefore, it is a priority to review and study them from the perspective of the two pioneering authors of the technique Takashi Osada (1989; 1991), and Hiroyuki Hirano (1995), to try to generate greater theoretical-practical light from its origins in the within Japanese organizations. Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) is an analytic approach and set of research tools that combines detailed within-case analysis and formalized crosscase comparisons. Our main findings were a theoretical intersection between the works of Osada (1991) and Hirano (1995) to describe the common elements of all the "S" of the 5'S technique.
  Keywords: 5’S; conceptual analysis; Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA); Osada and Hirano.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10060841
   
  
• OLUE - Overall Load and Unload stations Effectiveness: a model for measuring the efficiency in bulk liquid storage terminals  
  by Fabiano Nunes 
  Abstract: This article presents a model based on OEE, called OLUE, to measure the efficiency of loading and unloading operations in liquid bulk storage terminals. Through a focus group, a model was developed with six specialists who validated this model in the management of operations in Brazilian liquid bulk storage terminals. The model was implemented in a liquid bulk storage terminal to validate its practical applicability and presented satisfactory results in its practical application. The results were about efficiency and which activities and events carried out in loaded trucks undermine this efficiency. Thus, it provides the management of these terminals with the possibility of management through data and facts. The measurement of loading and unloading resources in liquid bulk storage terminals has not yet been disclosed, so this proposed model can improve the management of these resources and the operations of these environments.
  Keywords: efficiency; loading and unloading bulk liquid; operating terminals; overall equipment effectiveness; OEE; efficiency measurement; overall load and unload stations effectiveness; OLUE.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10060852
   
  
• A meta-analysis review of Total Quality Management issues in Operational performance research: Systematic and Pareto Analysis Review  
  by Tibesigwa Warren, Juma James Masele, Gerald Magova 
  Abstract: Current business and organisational management has seen the need for total quality management (TQM) implementation to improve organisational performance. This paper critically assesses the literature on TQM and operational performance issues in order to identify areas for future research. Systematic and Pareto analysis review methodologies were used to study articles published between 20002023 in order to identify the most vital TQM practices and operational performance dimensions. Twelve vital TQM practices in operational performance research and seven vital dimensions of operational performance were identified. It was also noted that literature on TQM and operational performance is still wanting since some practices were found to have mixed effects on operational performance. Findings also showed that most studies in this area have been done in manufacturing sector of developed countries with few in the service sector like health subsectors of developing countries. Furthermore, quantitative methodology has been most preferred ignoring qualitative and mixed methods. Thus, more studies need to be done in various sectors to fill the identified research gaps.
  Keywords: total quality management practices; operational performance; OP; Pareto analysis; systematic review.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10061094
   
  
• The Role of Sustainable HRM Practices improving Employee Performance and Productivity  
  by Sasmita Senapati, Mousumi Panda 
  Abstract: Sustainable HRM practices (SHRM), an on-going trend in the present scenario, but yet to mark its presence globally. This paper is based on the review of different journal articles of national and international repute describing the impact of SHRM on employee performance (EP). Different factors of SHRM include employee psychological development and well-being, employee satisfaction (ES), quality of work life (QWL), organisational change and development (OCD), innovative work behaviour (IWB), employee consultation and involvement (ECI), career development and organisational learning (CD and OL), emotional intelligence (EI), organisational climate and culture (OCC) and work life balance (WLB) and its impact on employee performance have taken into account in order to make this article justifiable. The result reveals that there certainly exists a healthy connection between SHRM and EP. The study gives a novel and also a must scope for the organisation in order to survive in the present and long run.
  Keywords: sustainable HRM practices; SHRM; employee performance; EP; sustainability; productivity; organisational effectiveness; quality of work life; QWL.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10061145
   
  
• Implementation of overall equipment effectiveness and financial performance assessment framework in a semiconductor manufacturing facility: A case study  
  by Chen Fung Liew, Joshua Prakash, Kok Seng Ong 
  Abstract: This paper expands the overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) so that the financial performance of the equipment at any OEE can be evaluated. The equipment performance in operationally and financially completely narrates the effectiveness of the operation. Prior studies related OEE to profit, revenue, equipment acquisition cost, operating cost, and maintenance cost to measure equipment financial performance in OEE. A discussion is provided why the profit, revenue, and operating cost are not relevant to OEE. This study suggests the equipment cost efficiency (ECE) metric in the framework to quantify how much of the equipment acquisition cost and maintenance cost are wasted by OEE losses. The ECE framework is demonstrated by a semiconductor manufacturer. The framework effectively saves 48.7% cost wastage by increasing the OEE by 21.6%.
  Keywords: OEE; equipment efficiency cost; equipment acquisition cost; maintenance cost; improvement cost.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10061153
   
  
• Using work study to improve efficiency: A Case of Assembly line Micro-enterprises  
  by Boysana Lephoi Mbonyane, Jan Harm Christiaan Pretorius, Charles Mbohwa 
  Abstract: The integration of work study charts, diagrams and techniques is critical for the optimal operation of micro-enterprises. As the impact of these merging tools to improve efficiency in micro-enterprises has been inconclusive, this study aimed to explore the impact of a work study using process charts, diagrams and techniques to measure the efficiency of the bolts and nuts assembly line environment in Gauteng, South Africa. An observation survey was used to collect data targeting four workstations. Forecasting was used to ensure that data is adequate and consistent based on the planned reconfiguration for improved assembly line micro-enterprise operation. The results identified the application of the work study tools as having a significant positive impact to improve the efficiency of Gauteng micro-enterprises. The application of this strategy merging work study charts, diagrams and techniques will ensure that the operational performance of micro-enterprises is measured and the efficiency is improved.
  Keywords: work study; efficiency; work study techniques; workstations; SMEs; assembly line; load factor.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10061216
   
  
• Enhancing Business Productivity through Employee Performance in Public and Private Logistics companies  
  by Durga Madhab Padhy, Sadananda Sahoo, Santanu Kumar Das 
  Abstract: The logistics landscape in the emerging markets has been showing an upward growth due to the developments in infrastructure and manufacturing sector. Accordingly, the logistics companies are putting their best foot forward to enhance the employee performance and ensure a proper work-life balance (WLB) in the long run. In response, this research makes an attempt to explore the various dimensions of employee performance and WLB in the Indian logistic context. The study findings will render empirical evidence to prioritise the dimensions based on the empirical rankings and offer newer insights on this under-explored domain to facilitate conceptual development and strategy formulation.
  Keywords: logistics; job performance; work-life balance; business productivity; RIDIT.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10061308
   
  
• Innovative Behavior Forecasting: Assessment of the Impact of organizational intelligence factors  
  by Azadeh Soltani, Zahra Nikkhah-Farkhani 
  Abstract: The emergence of innovative behaviours is always one of the most important concerns of managers, especially in knowledge organisations, in which innovative behaviours can significantly influence productivity. This study aims to investigate the effect of organisational intelligence on the innovative behaviours of knowledgeable employees in the research and development sector of active pharmaceutical companies. We collect data using a questionnaire and apply data mining methods to find the importance of each factor. The results show that the dimension of alignment and congruence followed by appetite for change has the highest impact on the emergence of innovative behaviours. It seems that human resource managers can play a significant role in the emergence of innovative behaviours by creating effective communication networks to form informal groups in line with the organisational goals, as well as establishing a knowledge management system to foster a culture of change acceptance.
  Keywords: innovative behaviour; machine learning; support vector machine; SVM; multilayer perceptron; MLP; Shapley additive explanations; SHAP.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10061344
   
  
• Application of Lean Methodology in Civil Construction: Analysis and optimisation of the internal logistics of a construction site.  
  by Carlos Santos, Jonata Santos, Adriel Bispo, Carolina Nunes, Edgard Neto, Jerisnaldo Lopes, Izete Silva 
  Abstract: With the evolution of the civil construction market, there is a growing need for improvements in processes and cost reduction. One such improvement is the implementation of lean construction. The objective of this study is to propose process improvements for the ABC Construction Company to reduce waste in activities related to masonry lifting at a construction site. The study comprises three phases: bibliographic research, field research, and data analysis. The simulation of layout improvements resulted in a significant reduction in material handling time at the construction site. These findings demonstrate that a greater focus on logistics in civil construction can lead to less wastage and generate process improvements.
  Keywords: lean construction; material handling; logistic; civil construction; construction site; lean manufacturing; production engineering; civil engineering.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10061423
   
  
• Feasibility Study of Process Flow Efficiency Using Value Stream Mapping and Simulation Applications  
  by Muhammad Ibadurrahman, Rosmaini Ahmad 
  Abstract: This paper presents a feasibility study to optimise the efficiency of a production flow. This study applied the value stream mapping (VSM) technique and simulation approach to analyse to what extent the current company improvement effort benefits the company, then proposed an extended improvement strategy based on the LM approach. Initial results identified two main problems; bottleneck issues and an imbalance workload of operators. Simulation results revealed the previous improvement efforts carried out by the company are insignificant in reducing the bottleneck issue. Simulation results indicate the new improvement proposal be able to reduce the busy time of operators at IPP workstations from 94% to 69%, and increase the operators utilisation at OBP workstations from 44% to 95%. The new proposal also shows an increment of the final productivity to 96 boxes compared to 91 boxes based on current improvements initiated by the company.
  Keywords: lean manufacturing; LM; value stream mapping; VSM; simulation; 5S; line balancing; packaging.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10061543
   
  
• Clinician Resources Participation Role in Standard Compliance and Service Quality Performance of Teaching Hospital Indonesia: PLS-SEM Based Investigation  
  by Muhammad Alfarizi, Faradila Anjani, Nurichwan Sofyan, Lianna Wijaya 
  Abstract: Teaching hospitals face the dual challenge of maintaining quality service for patients and clinical students, with clinician resources playing a crucial role. This study explores clinician resource participation in Indonesian teaching hospitals, adhering to national accreditation and global teaching hospital standards set by the Joint Commission International. Using a quantitative approach with online surveys, 196 clinical professional students were purposively sampled as the population. Structural equation modelling-partial least square (SEM-PLS) was employed to analyse the data. The study revealed that active clinician resource participation significantly impacts hospital compliance with accreditation and global teaching standards. Top management acts as a mediator. Furthermore, compliance with these standards influenced teaching hospital service quality performance. To optimise teaching hospital business performance, the study recommends developing compliance strategies for clinical resources, monitoring service quality standards through the accreditation task force, and fostering knowledge of risk management.
  Keywords: accreditation; clinician resource; Joint Commission International; JCI; service quality; teaching hospital; Indonesia.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10061667
   
  
• Construction Projects: A Compilation and Content Analysis of Delay Causing Factors  
  by Prashantha Hasanadka, Asish Oommen Mathew 
  Abstract: This study aims to assess the existing literature on the causes of project delays in the global construction sector, compile it, and identify any research gaps. The author used the construction project delay-related keywords to search literature published after 2010. In total, 55 articles were considered for compilation based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The content analysis resulted in identifying the factors that contributed to the project's delay. These factors were grouped based on themes using successive coding. The most important finding from the literature review is that minimal emphasis has been placed on identifying the delay causes from multiple stakeholders' perspectives. Additionally, the impact of quality and safety-related issues was not adequately addressed in the delay-related studies. The study identifies the gaps in the previous research carried out in construction delay analysis which can be considered for future research.
  Keywords: schedule overrun; project success; delay factors; delay time; construction management; project performance; finance; project management.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10061730
   
  
• Circular Economic Practices in Lean Construction Projects  
  by Drisya Murali, Aswathy Sreenivasan, M. Suresh 
  Abstract: The growing global demand for construction materials poses significant challenges to sustainability and the environment. While lean construction aimed to optimise resource use, it inadvertently increased waste and resource depletion Circular economic practices, advocating for a waste-free approach, align with the principles of a circular economy, emphasising maximum value extraction and product regeneration post-service life. This article employs bibliometric analysis using the SPAR-4-SLR protocol, utilising tools like the R package Biblioshiny and VOSviewer for visualising bibliometric networks. This article evaluates the impact of integrating circular economic principles into lean construction projects, offering the potential for advancing sustainable development within the construction industry. The study seeks to assess the viability and applicability of integrating circular strategies into lean construction, exploring opportunities, and providing guidance for sustainable construction practices by harmonising circular economy with lean construction. Furthermore, the research scrutinises the economic implications of incorporating circular economic practices into lean construction projects.
  Keywords: circular economy; construction industry; lean construction; literature review; bibliometric analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10061864
   
  
• Advancing sustainability through efficient production processes: integrating ISO standards, Lean Six-sigma and Artificial Intelligence  
  by António Rocha, Edit Sule, Fernando Romero, Ricardo Simões 
  Abstract: In a circular economy, products must be designed and produced to a high standard of quality, durability, and reliability, to be easy to maintain and repair, and manufacturing processes must be efficient to minimise waste, information, and energy losses. Our research focuses on sustainable business success while addressing environmental concerns. Data from the European Environmental Agency's PRTR database has been analysed to identify industries contributing the most to air and water pollution and whether emissions have decreased over time. Findings highlight the need for stronger commitment and investment to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions. As a contribution to this end, a baseline for an integrated management system for industrial sustainability (IMSIS) is proposed, combining ISO standards, Lean Six Sigma, and artificial intelligence (AI), making use of advanced technologies. This approach aims to address productivity and sustainability challenges, leading to reduced manufacturing waste and improved energy and information use.
  Keywords: sustainability; process efficiency; management systems; artificial intelligence; Lean Six Sigma; advanced technologies.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10062340
   
  
• Impact of consumer ethnocentrism and perceived efficacy of organic certifying agencies on purchase intention: The mediating role of attitude  
  by Seema ., Prinkle ., Mahabir Narwal 
  Abstract: With regard to young consumers in a developing organic market like India, this study examined the impact of consumer ethnocentrism (CET) on purchase intention for organic food (PITN) and further research into the effect of perceived efficacy of organic regulatory agencies (PEFC) as well as potential interactions of consumer ethnocentrism and perceived efficacy with purchase intention towards domestic organic food having attitude (ATD) as a mediating variable. Data was collected from 210 young respondents in Delhi NCR and structure equation modelling was used for analysis. It was found that highly ethnocentric young people and positive perceptions about the efficacy of organic certifying agencies lead to favourable attitudes toward domestic organic food purchases. Also, CET does not seem to affect purchase intention directly but the perceived efficacy does. ATD plays the role of mediator between CET and PITN showing full mediation. While mediation between the PEFC and PITN is partial.
  Keywords: consumer attitude; purchase intention; structural equation modelling; consumer ethnocentrism; perceived regulatory efficacy; organic food; mediating effect; India; young consumers; common method bias.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10062341
   
  
• Impact of technological advancements on environmentally conscious manufacturing in Indian manufacturing industries  
  by Virendra Kumar Verma, Anil Kumar Bajpai, Shrikant Tiwari 
  Abstract: This paper explores the impact of technological advancements on environmentally conscious manufacturing (ECM) in Indian manufacturing industries (IMI). India’s manufacturing sector has grown significantly over the past few decades, and this growth has brought with it environmental challenges. The research investigates how technological advancements can be used to address these challenges and promote ECM. The research also examined existing research on the impact of technology on ECM. Primary data is collected from Indian manufacturing companies through surveys and interviews to understand the current state of ECM in the country and the role of technology in facilitating it. The results indicate that technological advancements have a significant impact on ECM in IMI. The use of advanced technologies such as automation, artificial intelligence, and the internet of things can lead to increased efficiency. Case studies of successful implementation of ECM using technology in IMI are presented.
  Keywords: environmentally conscious manufacturing; ECM; sustainable manufacturing; digital manufacturing; drivers; barriers; Indian manufacturing industries; IMI; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10062573
   
  
• Nexus among Blockchain Technology, Digital Transformation, and Digital Accounting Practices: Moderating Effect of Information Technology Governance  
  by Malik Abu Afifa, Nha Nguyen Minh 
  Abstract: This research intends to assess the effect of blockchain technology (BCT) on digital accounting practices (DAP), mediated by digital transformation (DT), in Vietnam, a developing country, in the post-COVID-19 context. In addition, information technology governance (ITG) was regarded as a moderator for the aforementioned nexuses. An email survey was used to collect the data. 1,000 emails containing the survey were sent to the chief executive officers (CEOs) of publicly listed Vietnamese manufacturing companies using a convenient sampling method. A total of 340 responses were examined using partial least squares structural equation modelling to investigate the research hypotheses. Our findings show that BCT and DT have a favourable impact on DAP in Vietnamese manufacturing companies. Furthermore, DT plays a significant role in mediating the relationship between BCT and DAP. Additionally, ITG significantly moderates the BCT-DT and BCT-DAP nexuses, respectively.
  Keywords: blockchain technology; digital accounting; digital transformation; IT governance; Vietnam.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2024.10062584
   
  
• Do AI and Data Science Models help Construction Projects Mitigate Risks, Improve Productivity and Quality Management Practices. An Outlook from the Project Organisation's Perspective  
  by Nagarajan Muthukrishnan, R. Ganapathi Ramasamy 
  Abstract: Quality, productivity and risk management in construction projects is always critical. The profitability of the project is lesser as compared to the overall performance of the construction project as opined by respondents. Project quality, project cost control and on-time delivery are positively and significantly related to the overall performance and profitability of construction firms. Further, the overall performance is positively and significantly influencing profitability in construction projects. Furthermore, it is suggested that construction firms or respondents should regularly assess various risks associated with construction projects at all stages and adopt efficient and appropriate risk management practices for attaining a higher degree of performance and profitability. The proposed artificial neural network model will be effective in improving risk management and improve project performance. AI Algorithms and data science techniques with deployed models will help to solve the productivity, risk and quality management issues in construction projects.
  Keywords: artificial intelligence; machine learning; construction projects; project performance; risk management practices; profitability; quality.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2024.10062905
   
  
• Quality and Reliability Management in Research and Development a Review  
  by Manmeet Singh, Nilesh Ware 
  Abstract: Quality and reliability management aims at delivering a high-quality product that meets the requirements of the customer. The aim of the research is to identify various quality and reliability factors that result in the advancement of the quality of an engineering product and illustrate their usefulness during different design stages. A literature survey is carried out to review the criteria for identifying quality indicators contributing to quality and reliability management. The usefulness of quality factors during different life cycle stages of the R&D product has also been analysed through a focus group study. The research shows the importance of quality attributes, which contribute to customer satisfaction. The various quality and reliability factors, such as failure management through failure identification and analysis, human factor awareness and training, optimisation of cost, process improvement by following best practices, and quality assurance through standards, are the key indicators for determining the quality of an R&D product.
  Keywords: quality and reliability management; quality factors; R&D management; research and development.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2024.10062913
   
  
• Comprehensive Model for Optimal Management of Perishable Goods Incorporating Non-linear Carrying Costs, Learning Effects, and Expiration Dates  
  by Ketan Naik, Monika Naik 
  Abstract: In today's dynamic market, the demand for fresh produce is surging, driven by factors such as the freshness index, shelf space allocation, selling prices, and expiration dates. This study delves into the market demand's intricate dynamics, positing a quadratic period function as its foundation. Key influencers include freshness index, selling price, shelf space allocation, and expiration date. At the conclusion of the replenishment cycle, maintaining a higher stock level proves advantageous. This article employs a nonlinear analytical approach, incorporating time and stock quantity, to assess the demand rate, learning effects, and carrying costs. To enhance a retailer's profitability margin, a novel strategy is presented, utilising classical optimisation techniques. The derived model is substantiated through a numerical illustration and sensitivity analysis, offering valuable managerial insights by showcasing the concave nature of the profit function through negative definiteness of the Hessian matrix.
  Keywords: time-price stock-based demand; learning effect; nonlinear carrying cost; freshness index; expiration date.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2024.10062919
   
  
• Exploring the Link between Fintech Adoption and Sustainable Performance in the Banking Sector  
  by Amjad Ghazi AL-Habashneh 
  Abstract: This study looks at exploring the link between fintech adoption and sustainable performance in Jordanian banks. This study suggests a UTAUT model that identifies major factors that affect how quickly banks adopt fintech. Data was collected from 80 heads of departments, financial managers, and IT managers from 13 Jordanian banks. The study's outcomes substantiated the favourable influence of several factors on fintech adoption, namely technological infrastructure, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, trust, and security. Furthermore, the study confirmed the constructive contribution of fintech adoption to sustainable performance. This research offers practical guidance to policymakers and banking leaders to bolster fintech adoption for performance sustainability.
  Keywords: technological infrastructure; perceived usefulness; perceived ease of use; trust and security; fintech; sustainable performance; banking sector.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2024.10062920
   
  
• Operational governance practices and their impact on return on investment  
  by Khleef Alkhawaldeh 
  Abstract: This research examined operational governance practices and the relationship between operational governance practices and return on investment. Operational governance practices related to structure, strategy, resources and processes were measured through a questionnaire distributed to directors responsible for organisational development functions in service companies in Jordan. The return on investment of these service companies for the year 2022 is published on the Jordanian Securities Depository Center website. Results indicated that self-reported operational governance practices across the areas of structure, strategy, resources and processes are not statistically significantly lower than very good = 4 on the five-point response scale. The results also indicated that there are positive, statistically significant relationships between operational governance practices and return on investment for service companies in Jordan. The study showed that governance practices extend to various organisational and institutional capabilities in the company. The results support the focus on operational governance practices in service companies that seek to improve their return on investment and overall performance.
  Keywords: governance; operational governance practices; performance; return on investment.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2024.10062966
   
  
• Impact of Community Participation in Enhancing Eco-Tourism and Productivity for Sustainable Business Practices  
  by Joyant Yosobardhan Sahoo, Pravash Ranjan Mohapatra, Siddharth Misra 
  Abstract: The present research explores the effect of community participation towards enhancing ecotourism development and productivity for sustainable business practices in the Indian context. To meet the research objective, the relevant data was collected from 268 tourist respondents who participated in the opinion survey. The empirical results based on structural equation modelling reveals positive and significant links between the models constructs. Also, the findings affirm the mediating role of eco-tourism development in the path from community participation towards sustainability. The findings offer interesting cues to the academicians to extend their understanding regarding the eco-tourism domain. Further, the results provide new insights to tour and travel companies and policymakers to formulate effective development strategies to attract more tourists.
  Keywords: community; participation; ecotourism; sustainable practices; productivity.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2024.10063070
   
  
• Evaluating Quality Management in an Aircraft Manufacturing Company through the Lens of MBNQA Criteria  
  by Danish Nasir 
  Abstract: This study examines the quality management practices within a defence public sector undertaking (DPSU) company, specialising in the production and distribution of aircraft and accessories across multiple divisions in India. The company's efficient delivery of aircraft units relies heavily on a robust quality management system. To assess the company's performance, a questionnaire was developed based on the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA) criteria, and responses were gathered from junior, middle, and top management executives across various departments. The executives were strategically selected from diverse departments to ensure comprehensive coverage of all aspects outlined in the questionnaire. The company received an MBNQA score of 604, indicating satisfactory performance. Areas demanding immediate attention include knowledge management and results, while leadership, customer focus, and operational focus also warrant careful consideration. The self-assessment worksheet delineates departmental responsibilities and establishes a timeline for progress, offering a structured approach for improvement initiatives. The findings of this research provide valuable insights into the prevailing Quality Management practices within the company, shedding light on areas that require focused efforts to enhance overall effectiveness.
  Keywords: MBNQA; quality; awards.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2024.10063183
   
  
• Determining the Relationship Between Organisational Climate and Perceived Inclusion at the Workplace -an Empirical Analysis  
  by Snehlata Sangwan, Shalini Garg 
  Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to understand how the organisational climate contributes to shaping employees' perceptions about inclusion in the workplace. The study employed survey techniques using a structured questionnaire administered to 520 IT-ITES workers in Delhi-NCR. Only 250 responses were found eligible for further investigation after deleting the outliers and incomplete responses. Moreover, secondary data was collected from numerous research papers from various sources, like Google Scholar and Research Gate. The path coefficient study revealed that both diversity climate and inclusion climate had a substantial effect on predicting the feeling of inclusion among employees in the IT industry.
  Keywords: organisational climate; perceived inclusion; diversity climate; inclusive climate; organisational culture.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2023.10063514
   
  
• Establishment of EOQ model for price and time - sensitive demand under deterioration with trade credits  
  by Rakesh Tripathi, Manjit Kaur 
  Abstract: This papers investigates the effect of trade credits on optimal ordering strategy in an EOQ system . We proposed an economic order quantity (EOQ) model to manage a deteriorating commodity over cycle time is assumed. The demand rate is price and time dependent. A mathematical model is developed to obtain best possible cycle time, lot- size and total cost. Futhermore, we discuss some theorems based on the optimal solution and for non deteriorating and linearly time associated demand.The main aim is to find out the optimal cycle time and order quantity such that the total cost is minimized. Finally, we run numerical examples and sensitivity analysis to demonstrate the problem and offer administrative insights.
  Keywords: Time and price – sensitive demand;cycle time;credit period;deterioration; Inventory.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10063619
   
  
• Quality Circles' Implementation in an Indian Scientific Equipment Manufacturing Company: a Case Study  
  by Shaman Gupta, Pankaj Chandana 
  Abstract: This study focuses on the significance, use, and benefits of the quality circle, a group of employees of the working area doing similar work, and solving issues in a collaborative approach. With the examples of Indian organisations, this study has stated how this circle effectively develops business outcomes. The study’s methodology section has discussed that forming quality circles can result in a problem-solving concept. The brainstorming and cause-effect diagram tool is applied in the case study section, where the problems are identified, respectively. The solutions that need to be developed with the problem are also provided. The research’s future scope shows that the development of this process in the company will help develop the problem-solving technique. This problem-solving technique will help in increasing the management value of the company within the competitive market.
  Keywords: quality circle; employees; management; performance; focus; approach to the outcome; problem-solving; decision making; skill development.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJPQM.2022.10046741