International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development (31 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• Antecedents and outcomes of the adoption of cloud computing among SMEs in Klang Valley, Malaysia  
  by Raymond Teh, Anusuiya Subramaniam 
  Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to find out the influence of constructs and sub-dimensions on the adoption of cloud computing among SMEs, and subsequently evaluated for its influence on firm performance. This study integrates technological-organisational-environmental (TOE) and diffusion of innovation (DOI) to determine the causes and effects of cloud computing adoption together with the respective sub-dimensions under these constructs. An empirical research paper that was conducted with 350 participants among SMEs. This research was conducted with a quantitative online Likert scale questionnaire to collect the primary data, and a non-systematic sampling technique was used. Throughout the findings of this research, it was concluded and proven that some of the constructs and sub-dimensions under TOE and DOI have significant positive influence on cloud computing adoption. Furthermore, the adoption of cloud computing has had a significant positive influence on firm performance. This has been lacking in the previous studies, particularly among SMEs in Klang Valley, Malaysia. This study contributes to the field of cloud computing research and the integration of the DOI and the TOE into this studys conclusions contributed and enhanced the theoretical knowledge on studies relating to the adoption of cloud computing.
  Keywords: cloud computing; SME; TOE; DOI; technology adoption; Malaysia.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMED.2026.10073366
   
  
• Lean-based process improvements in nylon filament yarn for enterprise competitiveness  
  by Suphattra Sriyanalugsana, Kongkiti Phusavat 
  Abstract: The study demonstrates systematic efforts to improve the nylon filament yarn production process derived from various lean-based initiatives. This improvement supports Smart Factory transitions in alignment with enterprise’s competitiveness and sustainability goals. The study applied Value Stream Mapping (VSM), ECRS principles, and digital tools to identify and eliminate non-value-added activities, focusing on both process flow and defect reduction. The improvement essentially involved four steps: analysing the current process, identifying key waste areas, setting improvement targets, and implementing five practical interventions. These included streamlining yarn alignment, digitising yarn size measurement, reducing machine setup waste, minimising deformed yarn defects, and introducing a real-time material requisition and alert system. Over a 90% reduction in deformed yarn waste and significant cost savings were achieved. This approach demonstrates a replicable (and practical) framework for other production lines or units and contributes to competitiveness and sustainable improvements in the textile manufacturing sector.
  Keywords: enterprise development; lean manufacturing; value stream mapping; VSM; waste reduction; ECRS; digital process improvement; smart factory; learning.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMED.2026.10073692
   
  
• Nexus between diversity management and innovative work behaviour; mediating role of affective commitment  
  by Daniel Nkansah, Daniel Agyemfour-Agyemang Sarpong, Nana Yaa Amankwah 
  Abstract: This study examines the interplay between diversity management, affective commitment, and innovative work behaviour (IWB) in Ghanaian micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). Based on social exchange and institutional theories, it investigates how diversity management impacts employee innovation and affective commitment in resource-constrained, collectivist situations. Using a quantitative approach with 254 MSME employees, findings reveal that diversity management significantly enhances both affective commitment and IWB; however, affective commitment does not mediate the relationship between diversity management and innovation. The results suggest that in Ghanaian MSMEs, diversity initiatives directly stimulate innovation, independent of emotional bonds, possibly due to informal, relationship-based management channels. Demographic factors like education and marital status also influence affective commitment. Practically, the study underscores the importance of strategic diversity management as a resource for fostering innovation in emerging markets, while highlighting the need for context-specific approaches. Limitations include the cross-sectional design and regional focus, prompting future research to adopt longitudinal and comparative methodologies to deepen understanding of diversity’s role in innovation across different socio-economic and cultural settings.
  Keywords: diversity management; innovative work behaviour; IWB; affective commitment; MSMEs; Ghana.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMED.2026.10074122
   
  
• Exploring the determinants of follower engagement: a study of mining organisations in Ghana  
  by Samuel Howard Quartey, Micheal Mickson 
  Abstract: This study explores the determinants of follower engagement within mining organisations in Ghana. Employing a multiple-embedded qualitative case study design, data were collected from eighteen purposively selected senior managers across two mining companies through semi-structured interviews and observational methods. Using a content analysis framework, the findings reveal that follower engagement is closely linked to leadership orientations specifically task-oriented, relationship-oriented, and participation-oriented approaches. Additionally, leader-member exchange (LMX) dimensions, particularly leader relationship building and follower growth and development, emerged as key drivers of engagement. The study underscores that responsible and sustainable mining practices are reinforced by actively engaged followers. Implications for practice suggest that mining organisations should prioritise the recruitment and promotion of leaders who demonstrate these leadership orientations. Moreover, management development initiatives should focus on enhancing relational competencies and supporting continuous professional development to strengthen leader-follower dynamics and improve organisational performance.
  Keywords: follower engagement; leadership orientations; leadership development; management development; LMX theory; mining organisations; Ghana.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMED.2026.10074393
   
  
• Subjective well-being and affective commitment in startups: the interplay of job demands, resources, and gender  
  by Katri Pöllänen 
  Abstract: This article focuses on job demands and resources, and their relations to employees subjective well-being and affective commitment in startups. The study also explores whether gender moderates these relationships. Cross-sectional data were gathered from Finnish startups in 2022. Linear regression and moderation analysis were conducted to assess the associations between job demands, job resources, subjective well-being and affective commitment, as well as the moderating effect of gender. The findings indicate that job resources are important for supporting employee subjective well-being and affective commitment. One aspect of job demands, work-home interference, was found to negatively affect subjective well-being. Job resources had a stronger positive effect on subjective well-being for women than for men. These findings are relevant for enterprise development in startups seeking to create employee-friendly workplaces. This study contributes to the literature by applying the JD-R model to small entrepreneurial ventures and examining genders role within the framework.
  Keywords: startups; job demands-resources model; subjective well-being; affective commitment; gender; Finland.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMED.2025.10074574
   
  
• Funding determinants of early-stage entrepreneurship: conceptualisation and scale development  
  by Sunil Sethy, Velayutham Arulmurugan 
  Abstract: The successful acquisition of funding is crucial for the survival and entrepreneurial success of the business ventures, especially in their early stages. Academic research that explicitly focuses on measuring funding determinants of early-stage entrepreneurs is scarce. The current study intends to develop and validate a measurement scale for early-stage funding determinants (ESFD) by encompassing the key dimensions that influence the funding accessibility of early-stage entrepreneurs. The study used an extensive literature review and interviews with early-stage entrepreneurs to generate the initial item pool. Data was collected through the direct personal interview method from 257 and 447 respondents in two phases for EFA and CFA, respectively. The study found that ESFD has six dimensions: funding awareness, founder’s attributes, venture fundability traits, external business environment, entrepreneurial resource support, and business networking. The scale developed will be helpful for early-stage entrepreneurs to self-evaluate their external funding accessibility across the identified six dimensions.
  Keywords: early-stage entrepreneurship; entrepreneurial finance; funding determinants; scale development; emerging economies.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMED.2027.10075108
   
  
• Tracking the shift: a Delphi-based SWOT analysis of Industry 4.0 in Slovakia  
  by L'ubica Kotorova Slunsa, Miroslav Balog 
  Abstract: Industry 4.0 requires national innovation systems to adapt rapidly, yet evidence on how smaller economies prioritize its drivers and barriers remains scarce. This study applies a longitudinal Delphi approach to explore how Slovak researchers evaluate strategic factors shaping Industry 4.0 using a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) framework. Two Delphi surveys, conducted in 2020 and 2024, assessed 55 factors across four thematic areas: human resources, framework conditions, technology, and cooperation. Findings show that in 2024, experts demonstrated stronger consensus and rated more factors as highly important compared to 2020. Technology remained the top priority, while human resources were less emphasized. Perceptions also shifted from opportunity-focused to more threat-aware, with rising concerns about systemic barriers such as bureaucracy and weak strategic coordination. These findings highlight the value of repeated Delphi exercises for monitoring changing priorities and provide policy-relevant insights to strengthen innovation capacity in the context of Industry 4.0.
  Keywords: Delphi method; Industry 4.0; SWOT analysis; sustainable innovation; innovation ecosystem; technology policy; longitudinal study; Slovakia; expert consensus; knowledge spillovers.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMED.2027.10075507
   
  
• Linking ethical leadership to employees occupational safety during a crisis, with organisational communication as a mediator  
  by Aram Hanna Massoudi 
  Abstract: This article investigates the relation between ethical leadership and worker safety in the Syrian phosphate mining sector, particularly in the aftermath of Islamic State of Syria and Iraq terrorists’ attacks. It investigates whether clear communication between leaders and employees strengthens this association. Utilising a quantitative approach, the study surveyed 400 production staff. Data collection spanned a period 4 months during and after the liberation of the mines form Islamic State of Iraq and Syria. Analysis using Smart PLS showed a significant impact of ethical leadership on occupational safety during a crisis. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that effective communication mediates this relationship between the two variables. This study extends the literature by introducing organisational communication as a mediator, offering a nuanced understanding of how ethical leadership influences safety beyond direct effects. Also, focusing on the Syrian mining industry, a crisis-prone and understudied sector, to provide context-specific insights that may not align entirely with findings from other industries.
  Keywords: ethical leadership; organisational communication; occupational safety; crisis; Syrian mining industry.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMED.2027.10075508
   
  
• Exploring the impact of hybrid work model on job performance: the dual mediating role of work autonomy and perceived organisational support using IPMA analysis  
  by R. Anitha , A. Rajalakshmi  
  Abstract: The hybrid work model has gained significant traction in the Indian IT business, bringing an amalgamation of remote and in-office work to improve flexibility as well as productivity. This study aims to investigate the influence of the hybrid work model on job performance (JP) through the dual mediating role of perceived organisational support and work autonomy. This study used a quantitative approach and a non-probability sampling technique. The data were collected from 390 IT employees. Descriptive analysis was conducted using SPSS and hypothesis testing was conducted using SMART PLS 3.0. The findings reveal that the hybrid work model positively influences job performance. Perceived organisational support and work autonomy positively mediate the relationship between the hybrid work model and job performance. Practitioners must prioritise the development of hybrid work policies that not only provide flexibility but also cultivate a supportive organisational culture. This study adds to the expanding knowledge base on hybrid work models, offering significant insights for IT sector organisations seeking to improve employee performance in a dynamic work environment.
  Keywords: hybrid work model; HWM; perceived organisational support; POS; work autonomy; job performance; IPMA analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMED.2027.10076187
   
  
• Strategic gamification and enterprise sustainability: a structured review through the bibliometric and TCCM lens  
  by D. Koteeswari, J. Naga Venkata Raghuram 
  Abstract: This study conducted a systematic literature review to examine how strategic gamification contributes to sustainable enterprise development. Guided by the PRISMA protocol and integrated with bibliometric mapping and the theory-context-characteristics-methodology (TCCM) framework, the review analysed 19 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2015 and 2025. The findings revealed limited theoretical integration, concentrated geographic representation, and methodological uniformity, with most studies focusing on short-term engagement rather than long-term sustainability outcomes. Through an integrative theoretical perspective combining self-determination theory, flow theory, and organisational change theory, the study explained how gamified motivation and engagement could evolve into sustainable organisational practices. The review advanced the understanding of gamification beyond user engagement by positioning it as a strategic mechanism for enterprise transformation. It contributed to the literature by identifying key research gaps and proposing directions for future inquiry on gamification-driven sustainability in organisational contexts.
  Keywords: strategic gamification; sustainability; enterprise development; marketing; TCCM framework; digital engagement; behavior change; bibliometric analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMED.2027.10076191
   
  
• The use of digital networks and trust-building strategies: insights from Vietnamese entrepreneurs in Finland  
  by Thao Laavunen 
  Abstract: This study examines the role of digital networks in facilitating information access for immigrant entrepreneurs, with a focus on trust dynamics. As digitalisation transforms entrepreneurial practices, digital networks help immigrant entrepreneurs build connections and access essential resources for business success. Trust plays a critical role in reducing uncertainty and perceived risks in these environments. Using a qualitative approach, we conducted semi-structured interviews with ten Vietnamese entrepreneurs in Finland. Findings show that immigrant entrepreneurs strategically engage with digital networks to mitigate risks and enhance decision-making. Trust develops through institution-based, characteristic-based, and process-based strategies, which strengthen over time. The study deepens the understanding of trust and digital networks in the digital age, offering practical insights for policymakers to support immigrant entrepreneurs and promote inclusive economic growth.
  Keywords: migrants; entrepreneurship; immigrant entrepreneurs; Vietnamese entrepreneurs; digital networks; trust; information access; digitalisation; digital information sources.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMED.2027.10076428
   
  
• Innovation capabilities for SME competitiveness: exploring the role of sensing and proactive capabilities as critical links in emerging economies  
  by Mebrahtom Teklehaimanot Tesfa, Hailekiros Sibhato Gebremichael 
  Abstract: In the context of emerging economies, SMEs face significant challenges in maintaining competitiveness. This study investigates the effect of innovation capabilities on SMEs’ competitiveness, with a focus on the mediating roles of sensing and pro-activeness capabilities. Structural equation modelling was adopted to analyse data from 459 manufacturing SMEs in Ethiopia, a representative emerging economy. Our findings provide insights into the relationship between innovation, dynamic, and entrepreneurial capabilities, and their effects on SMEs' competitiveness. The study’s results revealed that innovation capability's effect on competitiveness depends on the firm's ability to sense the business environment and reconfigure its internal and external resources. Additionally, it has important implications for policymakers, and managers, highlighting the need to develop and leverage sensing and pro-activeness capabilities to enhance innovation and competitiveness in emerging economies. By addressing this knowledge gap, this research contributes to the development of effective strategies to thrive in increasingly competitive markets.
  Keywords: innovation capabilities; dynamic capability; entrepreneurial capabilities; small and medium enterprise; SME; competitiveness.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMED.2027.10076468
   
  
• Identification and evaluation of causative factors of risks in new product development projects in the refractory industry through ISM method  
  by Pardis Naderi, Hadi Shirouyehzad 
  Abstract: Risks are considered one of the primary causes of failure in new product development (NPD) projects. Each risk stems from an underlying cause. Identifying and analysing these causes can more effectively reduce the likelihood of failure than merely examining the risks themselves. This study aims to reduce the failure rate of NPD projects by identifying and analysing the root causes of risks within the refractory industry. Initial risk identification, based on literature review and expert consultation, helped uncover fundamental causes. By applying the interpretive structural modelling (ISM) method, both influential and dependent risk factors were identified and categorised using MICMAC analysis. The results highlighted ‘essence and necessity of a new product’ and ‘previous unsuccessful customer experiences’ as primary causative factors, while ‘imperfect product presentation’ emerged as a notably dependent factor.
  Keywords: new product development; NPD; risk; ism method; refractory industry; research & development; R&D.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMED.2027.10076469
   
  
• Development of an entrepreneurial growth scale-up model: a multi-level study of startups in Karnataka  
  by Annette Nikita, K.M. Sharath Kumar, Chandra Sen Mazumdar, Subhadeep Mukherjee, B.S. Sushma 
  Abstract: This study investigates how individual and regional-level factors jointly influence the growth and scale-up of startups in Karnataka, India. Motivated by gaps in region-sensitive and theory-integrated entrepreneurship research, the study draws on primary data from 2,114 startups nested within 50 regions. A two-level structural equation modelling (SEM) approach using the R Lavaan package assesses how internal capabilities and external ecosystem conditions shape startup outcomes. Guided by the resource-based view (RBV), entrepreneurial ecosystem theory (EE), and institutional theory, the study finds that internal drivers, particularly leadership, innovation, operational efficiency, and simplification, are critical mediators between external support and scale-up. Strategic networking and partnerships at the individual level enhance access to growth-enabling resources, while regional disparities in market access and institutional maturity significantly impact scalability. These cross-level dynamics highlight the value of a multi-theoretical and multilevel SEM framework in explaining startup growth and scale-up. The findings provide actionable insights for researchers, policymakers, ecosystem enablers, and entrepreneurs working to foster resilient and scalable startups in diverse regional contexts.
  Keywords: startup growth; scale-up; ecosystem; entrepreneurship; internal capabilities; external support.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMED.2027.10076565
   
  
• Circular value chain framework: integrating business model, product development, supply chain and data  
  by Jukka Majava 
  Abstract: The annual electronics waste production reaches 75 million tons by 2030 with global recycling rate being only 17%. Several issues on advancing circularity practices for better reuse, repair, and recycling remain unsolved. Companies must therefore build new circular business models, products, and supply chains, which will increase the number of value chain stakeholders and their requirements. Product design, business and operational aspects can be obstacles for circularity. Furthermore, consumers have privacy and security concerns on recycling. Data management and digital solutions can address many of these challenges by improving information flows, material tracking, consumer incentives, and by enabling sustainable product and business model design. This paper presents a comprehensive circular value chain framework from a single company viewpoint. The framework focuses on the business model, supply chain, and product development aspects, as well as the role of data. The framework is tested with an empirical case from the smartphone industry.
  Keywords: business model; consumer electronics; circular economy; CE; data; product development; supply chain; value chain.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMED.2027.10076807
   
  
• Revisiting the roles of workforce development during enterprises transition into Industry 4.0  
  by Naraphorn Paoprasert, Benjamin Kiechle, Pornthep Anussornnitisarn, Chulalak Kongphet, Kongkiti Phusavat 
  Abstract: The transition of enterprises into the era of Industry 4.0 has faced many challenges. Thus, the study aims to identify the determinants for this transition by applying the technology-organisation-environment (TOE) Framework with an addition of workforce development. The survey is created to gather data from those who have worked in Industry 4.0 planning and implementation. Data is tested for the validity and reliability of the structural equation model (SEM). The results are further analysed after the conceptual model has passed the test by using the partial least square (PLS). The findings show workforce development is essential for organisational readiness and contributes significantly to the successful transition into Industry 4.0. On the contrary, technology and environment are not significantly influential to this transition. The finding points to the priority of managing organisational readiness and workforce development (e.g., informal learning for a workplace, etc.) during the transition of enterprises into Industry 4.0.
  Keywords: Industry 4.0; enterprise development; workforce development; organisational readiness; learning.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMED.2027.10077192
   
  
• Investigating key drivers of enterprise longevity in emerging markets  
  by Yamile Rodas Restrepo, Taoufik Bouraoui 
  Abstract: This research paper investigates the determinants of business survival in an emerging market context using the Weibull survival regression model. The study focuses on the construction, commerce, services, and manufacturing sectors, providing insights into relative risk levels and sector specific factors influencing survival. Findings reveal that the commerce and services sectors exhibit a higher likelihood of survival, while the manufacturing sector faces a relatively greater risk of failure. Furthermore, the effects of sector growth, current ratio, debt ratio, operating margin, and firm size on business survival are examined across sectors. While debt ratio, economic growth, and firm size have a significant impact across all sectors, other variables show varying effects depending on the sector. These results contribute to understanding business survival patterns in emerging markets and provide insights for managers and entrepreneurs seeking to improve resilience by identifying the factors influencing firm survival. The findings also support more informed decision making and contribute to policy and practice in enterprise development.
  Keywords: business survival; emerging markets; SMEs; firm longevity; survival analysis; enterprise development.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMED.2028.10077379
   
  
• Evidence from the Indian banking sector: how benefits and problems shape job satisfaction post-merger?  
  by Sikha Sadani, Chandana Goswami 
  Abstract: Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in the banking sector profoundly affect human resource dynamics, shaping employee morale and organisational culture. This study examined employee perceptions, job satisfaction, benefits, and challenges post public sector bank mergers in India, using a structured questionnaire (28 items on a 5-point scale) to survey 306 employees across four major merger cases. Variables were first subjected to confirmatory factor analysis, followed by data analysis using descriptive statistics, t-tests, correlations, and regression. Findings revealed significant disparities: anchor bank employees reported higher job satisfaction, perceived greater benefits like improved working conditions, career growth, and technological advancements. Conversely, amalgamating bank employees faced challenges, including cultural misalignment, job insecurity, and role ambiguity, leading to lower satisfaction. Perceived benefits strongly predicted job satisfaction, while post-merger problems had a modest negative impact. Contributing to Indian and global M&A literature, it emphasises effective change management for successful bank merger outcomes.
  Keywords: mergers; acquisitions; job satisfaction; employee perceptions; benefits; stress; problems; Indian banking; post-merger integration; amalgamation; banking sector; banks; finance.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMED.2027.10077396
   
  
• Exploring the function of perceptual and technological drivers in unlocking employee engagement in Metaverse-based training  
  by Monika Alhan, Suresh Kumar Bhaker 
  Abstract: The core objective of this research was to understand the key aspects that influence employee engagement when training programs are conducted in immersive virtual environments, mainly focusing on the Metaverse. In this study, there were four predictors (PEOU, TR, PU and OTI) aimed at identifying the impact on employee engagement in Metaverse-based training. Data was gathered through a structured survey in which 224 employees participated, and who were working in Metaverse-based companies in Delhi, Gurgaon, Noida and Chandigarh. PLS-SEM and SPSS were employed for data analysis. Outcomes indicate that TR, PU have positive and significant impact on employee engagement, but PEOU and OTI have an insignificant effect. IPMA explained that PU and TR are high-importance areas, and organisations should focus on these. This study reinforces theoretical models such as TAM and TRI and suggests that training strategies should be designed around usefulness and technological readiness.
  Keywords: Metaverse; employee training; technology acceptance model; TAM; technological readiness; perceived usefulness; perceived ease of use.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMED.2028.10077889
   
  
• Factors driving SMEs performance improvement: evidence from Vietnam  
  by Hai Thi Thu Tran, Ha Thu Nguyen, Anh Chi Phan, Yoshiki Matsui 
  Abstract: This study investigates the intricate interplay between external environmental factors and the internal operations of SMEs in Vietnam, with the primary objective of identifying key drivers of SME performance improvement. Drawing upon general systems theory (GST), dynamic capabilities theory (DCT), and the contingency perspective, the research examines the impact of six external factors: geographical and locational conditions, socio economic conditions, physical infrastructure, labour availability, competition, and government regulations and policies, across three key internal operations: management practices (MA), capital allocation, and technology application. The findings reveal that while a conducive socio economic environment can create favourable external conditions for SME growth, its direct impact on SME internal operations was not statistically significant in the Vietnamese context. Instead, the study demonstrated that government regulations and policies, labour availability, physical infrastructure, and competition exert significant influence on SME internal operations. Furthermore, the research highlighted that effective capital allocation was the most critical driver of SME performance improvement, followed by technology application and management practices.
  Keywords: SMEs; performance improvement; external environment; internal operations; Vietnam.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMED.2028.10078146
   
  
• Humane entrepreneurship, work-life balance, employee engagement, and the pursuit of Sustainable Development Goal 8 in China’s technology sector China  
  by Rupesh Regmi, Zhuo Zhang, Hashim Zameer, Priyanshu Kharel, Ayush Niroula 
  Abstract: The technology sector is crucial for economic growth, yet its intense work culture often conflicts with the ‘decent work’ principle of Sustainable Development Goal 8 (SDG-8). While humane entrepreneurship offers a people-centric approach, its specific role in harmonising employee well-being with productivity goals is not well understood. This study therefore investigates whether and how a humane entrepreneurship strategy in Chinas technology sector fosters work-life balance, employee engagement, and productivity to advance SDG 8. Findings demonstrate that humane entrepreneurship strategy serves as a powerful catalyst, unlocking superior performance by cultivating a thriving human ecosystem. The research confirms that its positive impact on employee engagement and productivity is channelled through the vital pathways of enhanced job satisfaction, motivation, and work-life balance. This establishes a direct link to SDG-8, as engaged employees bring a profound cognitive presence to their work, elevating the customer experience, while productivity fuels the tangible business growth and resilience.
  Keywords: work-life balance; Sustainable Development Goals; humane entrepreneurship strategy; technology sector; China.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMED.2028.10078861
   
  
• Navigating corporate governance and global integration for innovation performance: the mediating roles of digital transformation and ESG implementation in the maritime industry  
  by Thi-Phuong-Mai Nguyen, Manh-Trung Phung, Thi-Mai-Thom Do 
  Abstract: This study examines the impact of corporate governance (GOV) and global integration pressure (GIP) on innovation performance (INP) in Vietnam’s maritime sector, with digital transformation (DT) and ESG practices serving as mediators. Using survey data from 285 senior managers across 42 port and shipping firms, partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed in conjunction with multi-group analysis (MGA) to uncover sector-specific dynamics. The findings reveal that neither GOV nor GIP directly enhances innovation; instead, their impact is mediated by DT and ESG. Sectoral differences emerged: governance in shipping firms more strongly promotes digital transformation, while in port firms it more directly drives ESG engagement. These results reinforce the dynamic capabilities perspective and highlight the need for sector-sensitive governance strategies. The study contributes to theory by clarifying how institutional forces translate into innovation via internal transformation, and offers practical guidance for policy and managerial adaptation in sustainability-critical industries.
  Keywords: corporate governance; digital transformation; ESG implementation; innovation performance; maritime industry; global integration pressure; GIP.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMED.2028.10079257
   
  
• A hopeful new beginning: mediating role of consumer forgiveness between fresh start mindset, empathy and the road to repurchase intention  
  by Tien Le Thi Cam 
  Abstract: The present study investigates the effects of a fresh start mindset and empathy on consumer repurchase intention, with consumer forgiveness serving as a mediating factor. Data were collected from 455 consumers in Vietnam who had experienced situations in which firms committed errors or encountered service failures, and the data were analysed using SmartPLS. The results show that consumers’ fresh start mindset and empathy have positive effects on consumer forgiveness, which in turn enhances repurchase intention. Moreover, consumer forgiveness is confirmed as an important mediating mechanism in the relationships between these factors and repurchase intention. These findings provide important implications for marketing strategies in the context of brand communication crisis management and service recovery, highlighting the role of firms in demonstrating a willingness to make a fresh start and genuine empathy toward customers. The study further suggests that even when firms make mistakes or engage in actions that do not align with consumer expectations, consistently communicating a fresh start mindset and empathy can facilitate forgiveness, restore trust, and open more positive and sustainable pathways in long-term consumerfirm relationships.
  Keywords: fresh start mindset; empathy; consumer forgiveness; consumer repurchase intention; service failure; brand communication crisis; service recovery.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMED.2028.10079501
   
  
• Navigating the digital-sustainability paradox: strategic leadership orientation for ESG-driven innovation in Industry 4.0  
  by Mariem Balti 
  Abstract: In an era of rapid digitalisation and rising sustainability demands, organisations face a paradox: how to innovate technologically while upholding environmental, social, and governance (ESG) principles. This study explores how leaders in ESG-conscious firms navigate the tensions between digital transformation and sustainability goals. Using a qualitative, multiple-case study approach, it draws on interviews with senior managers and ESG strategists from digitally engaged organisations. Grounded in paradox theory and strategic leadership theory, the analysis reveals that effective leaders do not resolve the paradox but embrace it, adopting a mindset of dynamic balance and purpose-driven innovation. The study identifies key leadership capabilities, organisational enablers, and cultural conditions that support this navigation. It contributes to the field of sustainable digital leadership by offering a conceptual framework and practical insights for integrating ESG priorities into digital strategies.
  Keywords: digital transformation; sustainability paradox; ESG strategy; strategic leadership; qualitative case study; Industry 4.0.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMED.2028.10079617
   
  
• Investigating the entrepreneurial behaviour performance: the role of the financial self-efficacy as a moderator among X-Gen SHGs women entrepreneurs  
  by Ramamurthy Bedaduri, Rajesh Mamilla 
  Abstract: This study investigates the mediating role of financial self-efficacy on the entrepreneurial behaviour of X-Gen SHGs women entrepreneurs. This paper adopted convenience sampling. A survey was conducted with a semi-structured interview schedule for 251 participants. The validity and reliability of the measurements were further verified before the specification of the path model estimation, and the hypothesis testing by bootstrapping was performed. In this study, the research hypotheses show that the entrepreneurial behaviour of the Gen-X is highly dependent on intention, perceived behaviour, and financial self-efficacy. The paper provides insight into the experience of how self-efficacy influences behavioural practices among X-generation women SHG entrepreneurs. They hypothesise that further theoretical research and investigations into demographic characteristics and intergenerational transmission concerning entrepreneurship can improve the understanding of Gen-X women entrepreneurs’ entrepreneurial processes and performance.
  Keywords: self-help groups; SHGs; behaviour; self-efficacy; X-Gen; women; entrepreneurship.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMED.2027.10079725
   
  

Special Issue on: From Displacement to Enterprise The Contributions of Refugee Entrepreneurship

• Business incubators as institutional intermediaries for refugee entrepreneurs: social capital, support and barriers  
  by Tabish Zaman, Rani Shahwan, Muntaser Alhamad 
  Abstract: This study examines the role of business incubators as institutional intermediaries for refugee entrepreneurs in Finland. Using a mixed-methods approach, we explore how incubators facilitate (and limit) the transition from informal to formal business, access to networks, and responses to financial exclusion. The research finds that while incubators accelerate business formalisation and provide structured access to business networks, they do not fully address persistent financial barriers or ensure long-term ecosystem integration. The findings underscore the need for more inclusive incubation models, incorporating financial advocacy, extended mentorship, and policy coordination.
  Keywords: refugee entrepreneurship; business incubators; social capital; financial exclusion; entrepreneurial support.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMED.2027.10076582
   
  
• A silent force: (how) does religion impact refugee entrepreneurship? The case of Buddhism  
  by Tenzin Yeshi, Jörg Freiling 
  Abstract: This study explores the influence of Buddhist beliefs and practices on the entrepreneurial endeavours of refugee entrepreneurs, drawing on insights from 22 semi-structured interviews. Employing a qualitative approach, it examines how Buddhism shapes entrepreneurial decisions, motivations, and outcomes. The analysis identifies three key mechanisms: direct religious influence, silent religious influence, and entrepreneurial outcomes. By incorporating a non-theistic perspective into discussions of religion and entrepreneurship, this study offers a framework that elucidates how Buddhist practices influence entrepreneurial behaviour, thereby providing valuable insights for empowering refugee entrepreneurs. The findings underscore policymakers’ need to recognise and integrate religious considerations in entrepreneurial initiatives.
  Keywords: refugee entrepreneurship; non-theistic religion; Buddhism; displaced entrepreneurship; religion and entrepreneurship.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMED.2027.10076653
   
  
• Displacement and opportunity: rethinking refugee women entrepreneurship in the Global South  
  by Rogerio De Castro Angelo, Roberto Pessoa De Queiroz Falcão, Sílvio Luís De Vasconcellos 
  Abstract: This study explores refugee women entrepreneurship in emerging destinations through the lens of the mixed embeddedness framework. Focusing on Venezuelan women in Brazil, we investigate how these refugees navigate entrepreneurial activity amidst institutional, social, and gender-based barriers. Entrepreneurship emerges as an economic integration alternative, enabling refugee women to gain financial autonomy while preserving cultural identity. We employed a qualitative approach, combining secondary data with triangulated interviews conducted with three NGOs and three refugee entrepreneurs. Guided by the mixed embeddedness framework - encompassing micro, meso, and macro levels - the analysis highlights key dynamics shaping refugee entrepreneurship, including temporal, spatial, and psychic distance dimensions. We also propose a theoretical framework that integrates these dimensions to advance the application of mixed embeddedness. The research contributes to the literature by extending the mixed embeddedness framework to Global South contexts, offering a nuanced understanding of refugee entrepreneurship within settings of institutional informality. The findings underscore the need to foster inclusive and supportive entrepreneurial ecosystems that account for refugee women’s specific challenges in emerging economies.
  Keywords: refugee entrepreneurship; refugee female entrepreneurship; mixed embeddedness; socio-economic integration; barriers to refugee entrepreneurship; Global South.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMED.2027.10076407
   
  

Special Issue on: From Displacement to Enterprise The Contributions of Refugee Entrepreneurship

• Ukrainian refugees’ sub-entrepreneurship activities in Brasov  
  by Mariana Rosca 
  Abstract: The ongoing conflict in Ukraine has generated one of the largest contemporary displacement crises. Romania, like other EU states, activated temporary protection mechanisms to facilitate refugees’ access to residence permits, social benefits, and the labour market. Nevertheless, significant challenges persist. This study examines the survival strategies of Ukrainian refugees in Brasov who engage in sub-entrepreneurial activities. Drawing on relevant conceptual frameworks, sub-entrepreneurship is defined as undeclared income-generating work that emerges in response to restrictive legalisation pathways and aims primarily to meet financial needs and community demand for goods and services. Using a mixed-method design, the research combines digital ethnography with semi-structured interviews to document these practices and assess prospects for formalisation. Digital platforms reveal core sub-entrepreneurial activities, while interviews provide nuanced insights into systemic and personal constraints. Findings highlight the dual function of these activities in providing economic stability and fostering social ties, alongside persistent barriers to legalisation.
  Keywords: sub-entrepreneurship; Ukrainian refugees; Romania; integration.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMED.2027.10075689
   
  
• Refugee entrepreneurship: opportunities, challenges and benefits  
  by António Corrizo Moreira, Leonardo Gaibor, Maria Madalena Torrinha, Teresa Magina 
  Abstract: This article presents a comprehensive framework for understanding the challenges, opportunities and benefits associated with refugee entrepreneurship. Through an analysis of relevant literature, key themes and trends were identified based on findings from a total of 42 publications. These themes encompass the challenges faced by refugee entrepreneurs in accessing capital, education and training; the opportunities arising from their unique skills; and the benefits, like an enhanced sense of purpose. Within each theme, we distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Based on our analysis, we propose a conceptual framework for understanding the complex interplay of factors that shape refugee entrepreneurship. This framework underscores the significance of individual, social and structural influences on refugee entrepreneurship, as well as the crucial role of policy and institutional support in facilitating and promoting entrepreneurial endeavours among refugees. Further studies are necessary to bridge this gap and provide a more comprehensive understanding of its broader implications.
  Keywords: refugee entrepreneurship; challenges; opportunities; benefits; systematic literature review; SLR.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMED.2027.10075770
   
  
• (Em-)powering refugee entrepreneurs: co-creating inclusive ecosystem support  
  by Alexandra David, Judith Terstriep 
  Abstract: The recent influx of refugees from Syria, Afghanistan, the Arab world, and, more recently, Ukraine has intensified both policy and academic interest in refugee entrepreneurship across Europe. While refugee entrepreneurship is increasingly recognised as a potential pathway to labour market integration, the interaction between entrepreneurial ecosystems and the specific needs of refugee entrepreneurs remains underexplored. This study applies a participatory action research (PAR) approach to examine co-creation as a power mechanism within refugee entrepreneurship hubs, aiming to develop context-sensitive support infrastructures. The findings provide theoretical insights into co-creation as a participatory and transformative process, while offering practical guidance for designing inclusive, locally embedded support systems. The results underscore that effective support infrastructures must be tailored to the diverse ambitions, backgrounds, and needs of refugees and that their active involvement is critical to ensuring contextual relevance and legitimacy.
  Keywords: refugee entrepreneurship; regions; context-specifics; participatory action research; PAR; support hubs; entrepreneurial ecosystems.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJMED.2027.10075791