International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital (10 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• How competitive strategy affects the building of strategic position through the mediating role of leaders knowledge: evidence from Karwanchi Group in Iraq  
  by Hatem Ali Abdullah, Zaidoon Fareed Ahmed, Alaa Muhy Al-Deen Fadhil, Shaymaa Abdulkareem Dizdar 
  Abstract: This study aims at identifying the role of competitive strategy, low-cost strategy and differentiation strategy, in building the strategic position of organisations through the mediating role of leaders knowledge. This study adopts a descriptive analytical approach by collecting data through a questionnaire and analysing it to express the opinions of a sample of employees in the Karwanchi Group for the production of soft drinks, juices and mineral water. The data is collected through a questionnaire built based on a five-point likert scale. A non-random sample of 316 is selected to represent the original community of 1,800. The data are analysed using SMART, PLS4. The study concluded that the strategic position of organisations is achieved through competitive strategy, especially the differentiation strategy, which was more important than the low-cost strategy. The role of leaders knowledge mediates and maximises the relationship.
  Keywords: competitive strategy; low-cost strategy; differentiation strategy; strategic position; leader’s knowledge; Karwanchi Group; Iraq.
  
  
• Elevating firms’ sustainability through the power of green intellectual capital: a study unveiling sustainable success  
  by Rida Rafique, Sarfaraz Javed, Muhammad Amir, Hafiza Safia Shaukat, Enas Kamel Alzoubi 
  Abstract: In an era where sustainable development is a global priority, businesses are increasingly focused on adopting practices that ensure long-term sustainability. Despite these efforts, many firms struggle to effectively harness green resources to enhance their sustainability performance. Thus, the current study explores the impact of green intellectual capital on firm sustainability, along with the mediating role of green human resource management practices and financial conditions. Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire from the manufacturing sector of Pakistan, and the analysis was conducted using SPSS and AMOS. The findings highlight the significant impact of green structural and relational capital on firm sustainability. Additionally, both financial condition and green human resource management practices emerge as significant key mediators in this relationship. This study contributes theoretically to the literature on green intellectual capital and green human resource management, providing insights into the mechanisms that drive sustainable growth.
  Keywords: green intellectual capital; GIC; financial condition; green HRM practices and firm’s sustainability.
  
  
• Organisational learning culture as a catalyst for teamwork effectiveness: a serial mediation study in IT firms in India  
  by R. Manigandan, A. Shakti Priya, R. Supriya, Vaishnavi Balaji, V. Sasirekha 
  Abstract: Enhancing teamwork self-efficacy (TSE) fosters a culture of continuous learning and innovation, particularly in dynamic industries like information technology (IT). Considering its importance, this study investigates the influence of organisational learning culture (OLC) on TSE and the serial mediation of team cohesion (TC) and self-competence (SC) of employees concerning this relationship in the Indian IT industry. The study used a cross-sectional survey method and 387 samples to analyse the hypothesis using a structural equation modelling approach. According to the results, OLC has a detrimental effect on TSE within the framework. However, TSE is influenced by TCs substantial mediation effect between OLC and SC. It discloses that recognising and understanding TC and SC reap the benefits of OLC improving TSE, potentially reducing layoff and attrition while increasing team productivity. This study adds to the body of knowledge on adult TSE in the workplace and emphasises its applicability to the Indian workforce context.
  Keywords: organisational learning culture; OLC; teamwork self-efficacy; TSE; self-competence; team cohesion; social cognitive theory; SCT; IT industry; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJLIC.2025.10070592
   
  
• The impact of some intellectual properties on the business performance on a sample of the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges for the period 2019 and 2022: a moderating role of intellectual capital  
  by Gao Yuan, Rahimi Abidin, Faisal Zulhumadi 
  Abstract: This research examines how intellectual property affects corporate performance in Chinese pharmaceutical and information technology sectors. In addition, this research examines the role of intellectual capital as a moderator in the relationship between corporate performance and intellectual property. The value added intellectual coefficient model measures intellectual capital. Between 2019 and 2022, there were 272 firm year appraisals of IT and pharmaceutical businesses listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges. The endogeneity problem is resolved by using fixed effects regression analysis. This research suggests that trademark and patent protection improve business performance in Chinas pharmaceutical and information technology industries. Except for licensing, all intellectual property positively impacts corporate performance, according to the results. IC is a key moderator in the relationship between corporate performance and IP. This is the first empirical study of intellectual property and its relationship with corporate performance in Chinas developing IT and pharmaceutical industries.
  Keywords: intellectual properties; IPs; intellectual capital; IC; business performance; corporate performance; pharmaceutical; information technology.
  
  
• Editorial: Intellectual capital and knowledge management as drivers of the green and digital transformations in Asia
  by Patricia Ordóñez de Pablos 
  Abstract: Issue 1 of the International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital features a collection of five papers that address key topics for the competitiveness of companies in Asia: intellectual capital, innovation, leadership and organisational performance. The studies focus on India, Iran, Pakistan and Vietnam.
  Keywords: Asia; intellectual capital; innovation; leadership; organisational performance; India; Iran; Pakistan; Vietnam.
  
  
• Does intellectual capital impact the financial performance of Indian-listed SMEs? Evidence from GMM estimation  
  by Ramesh Prasad, Amitava Mondal 
  Abstract: In the present research, we explore the differential effects of 'intellectual capital' (IC) on the financial performance of 100 Indian SMEs listed on the BSE SME, focusing on the pre-COVID (2013-2014 to 2019-2020) and during the COVID (2020-2021 to 2022-2023) periods, using pooled OLS, static panel regression, followed by the robust GMM estimation. The findings demonstrate varying impacts of IC under different economic phases. The results from Pre-pandemic phase reveal that profitability of Indian SMEs is predominantly driven by the efficiencies of capital employed and structural capital, while each IC component constitute the core drivers of productivity. The analysis of the COVID period indicates that human, structural, and financial capital were identified as primary factors in fostering profitability, whereas, human capital, financial capital and relational capital are key drivers in optimising productivity. This novel comparative analysis highlights the evolving role of IC under different economic conditions, offering practical insights for policymakers, investors and SMEs. The findings pinpoint the need for adaptive IC strategies to enhance resilience and performance during economic disruptions. These results provide a framework to harness IC in navigating economic downturns, offering lesson for SMEs globally in leveraging IC for sustainable growth.
  Keywords: intellectual capital; small and medium sized enterprises; SMEs; human capital; relational capital; MVAIC; return on investment; ROI; total factor productivity; total factor productivity; TFP; GMM; COVID-19.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJLIC.2025.10070889
   
  
• Fostering innovation in the Southern Indian IT sectors: the mediating role of thriving at work and trust in leader in inclusive leadership  
  by G. Devapriyanga, R. Subashini 
  Abstract: This study explores the influence of inclusive leadership on innovative work behaviour, considering the mediating factors trust in leader and thriving at work, drawing on the optimal distinctiveness theory. The survey, conducted with convenience sampling, included 354 participants employed in the southern region of Indian IT sectors. We scrutinised the suggested serial mediation model using PLS-SEM. The findings indicated that inclusive leadership has a positive influence innovative work behaviour, trust in leader and thriving at work. Furthermore, trust in leader and thriving at work sequentially mediate the relationship between inclusive leadership and innovative work behaviour. The reliability of the outcomes may be affected by the limited sample size and cross-sectional design. These findings suggest that organisations can enhance innovative work behaviour by adopting inclusive leadership, fostering trust, and promoting employee thriving. Aligned with optimal distinctiveness theory, inclusive leadership inspires employees, builds trust, and nurtures a thriving work environment, driving innovation.
  Keywords: inclusive leadership; innovative work behaviour; thriving at work; trust in leader; optimal distinctiveness theory.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJLIC.2025.10070888
   
  
• Impact of intellectual capital on firm performance: a panel study of general insurance sector of Pakistan  
  by Tania Nadeem, Shahid Obaid 
  Abstract: The primary objective of this study is to assess the impact of intellectual capital on the financial performance of general insurance sector in Pakistan. This study examined the integrated influence of human, relational, and structural capitals on firm performance. Panel data of 14 general insurance companies listed in PSX is collected. Value added intelligent coefficient (VAIC) model has been adopted and analysed through static (2SLS, FE and RE) and dynamic panel regression (2 SYS GMM). Outcomes revealed the significant impact of lagged insurer's financial position on ROA and value-added structural capital showed critical effect on ROA. However, the control variables have no relation with ROA. This study contributes to the existing literature on intellectual capital and opened ways for policymakers and managers regarding the proper utilisation of value-added structural capital. Future scholars can explore alternative IC models to incorporate new control variables to estimate more precise results.
  Keywords: value added intelligent coefficient; VAIC; value-added human capital; VAHC; value added structural capital; SCVA; value added capital employed; VACE; intelligent coefficient; human capital; insurance; performance; Pakistan Stock Exchange; PSX.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJLIC.2025.10070890
   
  
• Understanding the drivers of energy network formation in interpersonal communication in the workplace: a qualitative analysis  
  by Esmaeil Kakehbaraei, Mansour Irandoost, Jamal Adhami 
  Abstract: This study examined the factors that influence the formation of energy networks in employees' interpersonal communication. Braun and Clark's reflective theme analysis (RTA) method was used in this study. Participants included (N = 15) healthcare professionals and executives. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and using purposive sampling. Analysis of this research revealed that energy network antecedents were identified through a process of individual influences (humour, positive thinking, trust, honesty, empathy, similarity between people, and body language) and situational influences (procedural justice, sense of shared identity, control mechanisms, performance feedback, and mutual respect). This research suggests that the energy network is an essential factor in the workplace and that manager and employees should take steps to create and maintain energy networks. In addition, the results of this study provide new insights into the social psychology of communication.
  Keywords: communication; network; energy; qualitative approach; reflective theme analysis; RTA.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJLIC.2025.10070887
   
  
• The impact of intellectual capital on financial performance in Vietnamese banking sector: quantile regression approach  
  by Doan Thi Cam Thu, Phung Anh Thu 
  Abstract: This study examines the relationship between the effective use of intellectual capital and the financial performance of 29 Vietnamese commercial banks from 2009 to 2018. We use the value-added intellectual capital coefficient method to measure the efficiency of using the intellectual capital of banks. To estimate the research model, we use both linear regression analysis and the quantile regression method. The research results indicate that value-added intellectual capital has a positive relationship with the financial performance of Vietnamese commercial banks. The study also finds evidence that human capital efficiency and capital employed efficiency have a significant positive association with the financial performance of banks. Meanwhile, structural capital efficiency has a significant negative relationship with the financial performance of banks. Compared to human capital efficiency, capital employed efficiency is the component that has a stronger correlation with the financial performance of banks.
  Keywords: commercial bank; intellectual capital; financial performance; quantile regression; value-added intellectual capital.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJLIC.2025.10070891