International Journal of Engineering Systems Modelling and Simulation (7 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• Circularly polarised compact square dielectric resonator antenna for web applications  
  by Madhusmita C. Sahoo, Aswin Patani, Nitinkumar Jivarajbhai Bathani 
  Abstract: The dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is utilised for ultra wide band (UWB) applications due to low conducting losses, better flexibility and better radiation efficiency. However, achieving compact geometry with circular polarisation (CP) while suppressing interference from existing wireless services remains a challenge. Moreover, mutual coupling between ports in multi-port UWB DRAs can significantly degrade performance. Considering these, this work presents a CP-based square DRA (SDRA) for UWB applications with the dimension of 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.508 mm. This design achieves a triple notch of 3.2-3.9 GHz (Wi-MAX), 4-6 GHz (WLAN) and 8-12 GHz (X-band) applications. The antenna is implemented on an FR4 substrate and incorporates a defected ground structure (DGS) to reduce mutual coupling between the two ports. Then, a microstrip feed line is provided, and the parasitic patch is placed between the two ports for better reflection coefficient for UWB applications. The proposed design achieves gains of 13.3, 2.7, and 22 dBic with corresponding VSWR values of 1.10, 1.31 and 1.26 for the three respective notched bands.
  Keywords: dielectric resonator antenna; DRA; ultra wide band; UWB; circular polarisation; triple notches; parasitic patch; defected ground structure.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJESMS.2025.10073816
   
  
• Investigation of the behaviour of double corrugated steel shear walls with internal stiffeners  
  by Wentao Qin 
  Abstract: The double corrugated steel shear wall (DCSSW) system has been introduced recently, in which identical and parallel trapezoidal corrugated plates (CPs) are connected through high-strength bolts. In this paper, the lateral behaviour of internally stiffened DCSSWs is investigated under monotonic loading using the finite element method in the ABAQUS software. To make comparisons, the non-connected DCSSWs were also considered in the current paper. The results indicated that the maximum lateral strengths of the non-connected DCSSWs are less than those of linked DCSSWs. The maximum strength of the non-connected DCSSWs with a corrugation angle of 30, 45, and 60 is less than that of connected DCSSWs by 34%, 14%, and 10%, respectively. Additionally, this study demonstrated that the maximum strength of the internally stiffened DCSSWs is 3.4% to 39.8% greater than that of non-connected DCSSWs. Nevertheless, the maximum strength of the DCSSWs with internal stiffeners is ultimately 4.5% greater than that of linked DCSSWs. Furthermore, a thicker, stiffer material results in higher maximum strength.
  Keywords: double corrugated steel shear wall; DCSSW; strength and initial stiffness; IS; pushover curve; corrugated plates; hysteresis curve; flat plate; elastic buckling.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJESMS.2025.10073914
   
  
• Min-path based PTM approach to system reliability: failure rate analysis and MTTF  
  by Sadiya Naaz, Mangey Ram, Akshay Kumar 
  Abstract: Prioritising reliability in the planning, installing, and upkeep of traffic signal management systems is crucial for traffic authorities and structure functions. The reliability of these networks can be increased, resulting in more effective and safer traffic control, by implementing sturdy technology, periodic repair procedures, redundancy initiatives, cybersecurity procedures, as well as successful surveillance. This study presents and modelled a traffic signal management system with the goal of assessing its reliability, when the travellers and arrivals are unpredictable. The systems primary functions are to optimise flows of traffic, increase safety, and reduce congestion at crossings, all of that contribute to increased effectiveness of the network. The failure rate study of the suggested traffic signal management System is established second. In order to investigate the reliability assessment, the extremely well-known matrix-based min-path path tracing method procedure is applied instead of u-function approach. Thirdly, the models variation is shown using the exponential decay curve. In order to quantify the deterioration intensities or hazard rate of an entire system or component over a period of time, we lastly assess the breakdown intensity index for the proposed system. Finally, the recommended systems cumulative signature has been assessed.
  Keywords: traffic signal management system; min-path based matrix methodology; path tracing method; MTTF; hazard intensity index.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJESMS.2025.10075000
   
  
• HML-VBSP: a hybrid machine learning framework for predicting multiple vector-borne diseases simulation using soft voting strategy and hyper parameter tuning systems  
  by K. Kavitha, T. Prabhu 
  Abstract: Dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika are vector-borne illnesses that are becoming more common as the worlds population grows. Environmental variables, such as temperature and precipitation, are frequently incorporated into infectious disease models. Early warning of disease outbreaks may be provided by combining forecasting models with increasing computer capability and better AI technologies. Then, using a voting classifier with a hard voting strategy, the proposed HML-VBDP model for vector-borne disease prediction is constructed by combining a random forest (RF), a support vector classifier (SVC), and a gradient boosting (GB) classifier. To optimise parameters such as the learning rate, number of estimators for GB, regularisation parameter (C), kernel coefficient (gamma) for SVC, and maximum depth and number of estimators for RF, we use RandomizedSearchCV to tune each classifiers hyperparameters before training the model. To train the HML-VBDP model, we utilise the training data. Then, to check its performance, we use the testing data. The efficacy of the model is assessed using evaluation measures including recall, accuracy, precision, F1-score, ROC curve, and confusion matrix.
  Keywords: hyper parameter tuning systems; vector-borne disease; VBD; random forest; support vector machine; SVM; gradient boosting; vector-borne diseases simulation.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJESMS.2026.10075480
   
  
• Spintronics for intelligent, low-power, and scalable electronics  
  by Payal Jangra 
  Abstract: As traditional semiconductor devices reach their limitations in terms of further scaling and integration, spintronic technologies are emerging as a viable alternative. In contrast to charge-based electronics, spintronic devices utilise the electrons spin, providing distinct benefits in terms of low leakage power, high endurance, non-volatility, and speed in read/write operations. These attributes render them extremely desirable in contrast to CMOS equivalents and well-suited for computing requirements, such as big data and the internet of things (IoT). This article offers a comprehensive overview of spintronics evolution in the last two decades, encompassing the underlying physical phenomena such as spin-orbit driven effects like the spin hall effect, tunnelling magnetoresistance, and device-level applications, including spin valves and spin logic circuits. In addition, the article describes the present status of spintronic research and offers a vision on its future trajectory, highlighting the significance of spintronics to drive next-generation computing and memory technologies.
  Keywords: magnetic tunnel junction; MTJ; spin hall effect; SHE; spin-orbit torque; SOT; non-volatile memories; NVM; spin-transfer torque; STT; racetrack memory; RM; internet of things; IoT.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJESMS.2026.10076174
   
  
• Automated recognition of power quality disturbances for internet of power quality things  
  by V. Jomole Varghese, M.P. Vidhya, B. Smitha 
  Abstract: Real-time power quality (PQ) monitoring has become most essential to evaluate the severity of voltage variations for timely protecting distributed energy systems, appliances and equipment connected with internet of things (IoT) networks. In this paper, we attempt to present a low-complexity PQ disturbance (PQD) recognition method for automatically detecting variation events, such as sags, swells, interruptions and transients according to the IEEE Std. 1159. The proposed PQD event recognition method consists of digital filtering, Hilbert transform (HT) and decision tree. The proposed PQD recognition method is evaluated using the simulated PQ signals according to the IEEE Std. 1159 and the real-time PQ signals. The proposed method had a recognition accuracy of 96-100% for detecting the voltage sag, swell, momentary interruption, transient and combined disturbances.
  Keywords: power quality; PQ; power quality disturbance; PQD; Hilbert transform; HT; internet of power quality things; IoPQT.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJESMS.2026.10076587
   
  
• Design of microstrip antenna using ISM band for WBAN devices  
  by S. Ashok Kumar, T. Shanmuganantham, D. Sindhanaiselvi, N. Sudhakar Reddy 
  Abstract: The advancement in body area network (BAN) was started in 1995 for the idea of combining wireless personal area network (WPAN) with wireless body area network (WBAN) which can be implemented to communicate near and around the human body. Initially, industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band was allocated to industries, scientific researches and medical field researches, but later, it have been allowed to use in applications such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Cordless phone, etc. For the above mentioned applications, the antennas such as microstrip patch antenna, helical antenna, dielectric patch antenna, etc. have been used. Since microstrip patch antenna is compact in size and weight, they have become dominant in this field. This antenna is designed on 36 x 28 mm3 sheet of FR-4 substrate material. A wide bandwidth of 400 MHz can withstand the detuning effect caused by body posture and movement. The effect of electromagnetic radiation on free space is analysed. The radiation gain, VSWR and return loss are also measured for analysing the antenna design and making the antenna, a good component for wearable devices.
  Keywords: wireless body area network; WBAN; ISM band; microstrip patch antenna; gain; wearable devices; body area network; BAN; wireless personal area network; WPAN.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJESMS.2026.10076672