International Journal of Education Economics and Development (32 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• Intrapreneurial intentions of undergraduate university students: A comparative study between Spanish and Nicaraguan students.  
  by Pedro Baena Luna, Isadora Sánchez-Torné, Kevin Rodríguez-Loáisiga, Esther García-Río 
  Abstract: Higher education is currently facing several challenges as a result of an uncertain environment. This has led to a demand from organisations for employees with an entrepreneurial, innovative, and risk-taking profile in a global environment. These traits are characteristic of the so-called intrapreneurs. This paper compares the intrapreneurial intentions of university students in Spain and Nicaragua by analysing the effect of the variables age, gender, previous professional experience and entrepreneurial or intrapreneurial training. Based on a total sample of 474 students, among the main results, we highlight the fact that Nicaraguan students have a higher assessment of innovation and risk-taking than Spanish students. In addition, age and professional experience are common variables that improve innovation and risk-taking for both groups. Although there is no gender gap among Nicaraguan students, in Spanish students women are rated lower than men.
  Keywords: intrapreneurship; intrapreneurial intentions; entrepreneurial education; university students; prior professional experience; risk-taking; innovation; Spain; Nicaragua.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEED.2023.10047866
   
  
• Crafting future entrepreneurs from emerging adults: what matters more personality or context?  
  by Tamara Jovanov Apasieva, Mila Mitreva, Katerina Fotova Cikovic 
  Abstract: This paper analyses the effect of an integrated set of factors personality traits and contextual variables on the entrepreneurial intention (EI) of emerging adults. Data were analysed with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for evaluating the model and stepwise multiple regression analysis for hypotheses testing. The key personality trait variable associated with the intent of emerging adults to open a business in future is the internal locus of control. (LOC) Two additional variables with significant association with EI are contextual variables: perceived barriers (PB) (a negative association) and perceived support factors (PS) (a positive association). Contrary to other studies, the authors did not find risk-taking propensity (RTP) to be associated with EI. This calls for additional research. The increase in emerging adults social inclusion through self-employment is of great importance, so policymakers and the scientific community should search for the underlying factors that promote or hinder the entrepreneurial intentions of these young people.
  Keywords: entrepreneurial intentions; personality traits; contextual variables; emerging adults.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEED.2023.10048768
   
  
• Culture and Education as Factors Affecting Entrepreneurship in Spain: an Analysis of Expert Opinion  
  by Jesús García-Álvarez, Ana Vázquez-Rodríguez, Daniel Sáez-Gambín 
  Abstract: This article focuses on the Spanish context, which is characterised by high rates of unemployment and social exclusion, in which entrepreneurship can drive innovation and economic growth. The objective was to analyse culture and education as factors affecting entrepreneurship from expert opinion on the subject. The study used the most recent data on Spain in the global entrepreneurship monitor (GEM) database. Following a descriptive analysis, quantitative analyses were performed using non-parametric tests. The results indicated that the experts were not optimistic that culture or education were factors that would encourage entrepreneurship. Our findings support the view that the evaluation of entrepreneurship is affected by variables such as gender, the type of degree obtained, and professional area. The findings of the study indicate the need to reinforce entrepreneurship education and training (EET) in order to compensate for social inequalities that affect the decision to start a business venture.
  Keywords: entrepreneurship; entrepreneurship education and training; EET; culture; education and training systems; gender; degree type; professional area; global entrepreneurship monitor; GEM.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEED.2023.10048928
   
  
• Re-thinking human capital acquisition for entrepreneurship: A holistic multidimensional approach  
  by Otitooluwa Dosumu, Nadia Simoes, Nuno Crespo 
  Abstract: Given the substantial interest around the study of entrepreneurship, understanding the intricate network of factors that explain the decisions about human capital is of critical importance. Decisions concerning knowledge, skills and abilities are multidimensional since there are many modes, categories, and components of human capital acquisition. Human capital may come from a set of choices or a set of processes. The choices and processes are disaggregated into four categories: 1) what human capital entrepreneurs choose to acquire 2) where they want to acquire such human capital 3) how they want to acquire the human capital 4) when they want to acquire human capital. Furthermore, it is also important to understand the drivers/motivations of entrepreneurs regarding human capital acquisition. This paper is an in-depth organisation and review of the existing literature. We present a roadmap connecting the points that remain disperse and fragmented. In addition, suggestions for future research are provided.
  Keywords: entrepreneurship; human capital; learning; choices; investment; knowledge.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEED.2023.10049724
   
  
• Students' Satisfaction from Online Learning: Structural Equation Modeling Analysis Based on Students' Perception in Higher Educational Institutions in India  
  by Manoj Panwar, Pankaj Kumar, Ramesh Kumar Garg, Parveen Kumar, Vaibhav Aggarwal 
  Abstract: This study examines the foremost antecedents of students’ satisfaction with online learning in higher educational institutions (HEIs) in northern India during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data was collected through an online Google form from 2,658 (2,597 considered usable) enrolled students in HEIs in northern India using the purposive sampling technique. The data were analysed using exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM) using AMOS. Results revealed that learning environment, barricades, and advantages to learner are positively and significantly correlated with students’ satisfaction, whereas challenges had a negative and insignificant correlation with students’ satisfaction. Most notably, the significant impact of the learning environment on students’ satisfaction is major, followed by barricades, advantages to learners, and challenges. This study will contribute to future research for measuring the student’s perception of the adoption of online learning in diverse educational institutions.
  Keywords: India; online learning; students’ satisfaction; higher educational institutions; HEIs; structural equation modelling; SEM.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEED.2024.10050911
   
  
• Entrepreneurial University Ecosystems: Does it matter the country’s development in the Entrepreneurial Intention of a Public University  
  by Delia Lizette Huezo Ponce, Ana Montes-Merino, Paola Isabel Rodríguez-Gutiérrez, Margarita Orozco-Gómez 
  Abstract: Entrepreneurial ecosystems in universities are a framework to understand since entrepreneurship is a viable career option after a crisis. However, public universities are vital institutions that provide education in all disciplines and receive most young people interested in learning. Thus, one question comes to mind when the unit of analysis is the public university in a developed country. Does the entrepreneurial university ecosystem matter to improve the entrepreneurial intention of their students? This research frames a global sample of 436 students, 220 (Spain) and 216 (Mexico), students suitable for structural equation modelling. Findings suggest a significant relationship between entrepreneurial university ecosystems and the public university; the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) is a crucial mediator and the kind of country not moderate. It contributes to understanding the entrepreneurial contexts for public universities and allows to follow a classification of entrepreneurial university ecosystems as the university-based entrepreneurial ecosystems (U-BEEs).
  Keywords: entrepreneurial university ecosystems; European university; entrepreneurial intention; public university; Spanish university.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEED.2023.10051053
   
  
• Entrepreneurs’ perceptions of their entrepreneurial process: a qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews with Education graduates in the Basque Country, Spain  
  by Jessica Panos-Castro, María José Bezanilla, Leire Markuerkiaga 
  Abstract: Entrepreneurship is necessary for the economic development of societies. Universities play a key role in this process by fostering entrepreneurship and promoting entrepreneurial skills. Studies show that entrepreneurship is largely mainstreamed into economics faculties; however, a multidisciplinary approach should be adopted to work across different fields. The aim of this study is to explore how graduates from faculties and schools of education in the Autonomous Region of the Basque Country (Spain) perceive the factors that have influenced their entrepreneurial process, in order to establish good practices, and to highlight strengths and weaknesses. A qualitative methodology was used by conducting and analysing 20 in-depth interviews. The main conclusions point to the lack of development of entrepreneurial skills in universities, the use of traditional methodologies by teaching staff, entrepreneurs’ passion and their desire to create companies that possess specific hallmark characteristics, among others.
  Keywords: graduates; faculty of education; entrepreneurship; entrepreneurs; Basque Country; self-perception; qualitative analysis; interviews; Entrepreneurial University; case analysis.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEED.2023.10051448
   
  
• Weaknesses of Entrepreneurship Education in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education in Developing Countries: Empirical Evidence of Kosovo  
  by But Dedaj, Mjellma Carabregu Vokshi, Gokcen Ogruk-Maz, Adel Ben Youssef 
  Abstract: Science, technology engineering and mathematics (STEM) students are supposed to be better equipped to use the new technologies and to customize them for the local needs. But most of STEM students are not 'born for entrepreneurship '. Their low level of entrepreneurship awareness may be due to lack of entrepreneurship education. Determining a way to establish an entrepreneurship education, especially for STEM students, and evaluating its impacts on economic and social change is complex, particularly in developing countries (DCs). Our paper seeks to contribute to this debate by examining the case of Kosovo. The objective is to understand the reasons of the lack of entrepreneurship education for STEM students and to review the current strategy of Kosovo in tackling the entrepreneurship education for STEM students. The paper stresses at least three complementary reasons linked to the entrepreneurial ecosystem, the behaviour of higher education institutions (HEI) and the behaviour of the students.
  Keywords: entrepreneurship education; STEM; curricula; Kosovo; developing countries.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEED.2023.10051536
   
  
• Role of Education Human Capital in ICT-Trade Relationship  
  by Md. Shariful Islam, Md.Ziaul Haque, Syed Nazrul Islam, Abir Hassan, Md. Mahbubul Alam 
  Abstract: The study investigates how ICT affects trade because of prior effect of education human capital on ICT using gravity panel model for the period 2000 to 2018 including 130 countries. First, we find positive and significant relationship between ICT use and bilateral merchandise exports flows. Second, the findings indicate that higher ICT use by both the exporting and importing country has a positive impact on exports of countries with higher education human capital. The effects of interaction between ICT and human capital on exports flows from low-and middle-income to high income countries as well as trade between low and middle-income countries are positive and significant for the exporter country. The interaction terms on trade flows involving high-income countries as exporters, in contrast, are negatively significant. For importers, interaction has positive and significant effects except trade flows from high-income to low-and middle-income countries, where it asserts positive but insignificant effect.
  Keywords: education human capital; ICT; gravity model; panel data; bilateral exports; high-income countries; low and middle-income countries; Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood; interaction effects.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEED.2024.10051654
   
  
• Digital Technologies adopted by universities to support entrepreneurial students’ spin-offs  
  by Ronnie Figueiredo, Álvaro Dias, Maria José Sousa 
  Abstract: This paper presents a theoretical approach based on the systematic literature review (SLR) method. The objective of the study was identifying the digital technologies adopted by universities to support entrepreneurial students ' spin-offs. We identified 98 studies in the first round of Scopus database, in the period from 2004 to 2022, and conclude the analysis with 42 papers, after others rounds. Data collection was performed using the Boolean technique, using the adopted the initial keywords 'digital innovation' and 'university '. The results point to several technologies, in special MOOCs and mobiles application. The study contributes significantly to future research in the field of entrepreneurial universities, which encourage the generation of digital businesses, from the development of spin offs working to the entrepreneurial students.
  Keywords: innovation; spin offs; entrepreneurship; university; management; digital; systematic literature review; SLR.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEED.2023.10051770
   
  
• The role of research-based spin-offs in innovation ecosystems  
  by Oscarina Conceição, Cristina Sousa, Margarida Fontes 
  Abstract: The objective of the paper is to contribute to a better understanding of the various roles played by research-based spin-offs (RBSOs) in knowledge dissemination. It investigates if RBSOs act as connectors and knowledge translators, both between different types of organisations within an innovation ecosystem and across different geographical scales and knowledge environments. This latter role has been relatively less investigated but is important to open local innovation ecosystems. The paper analyses the networks formed by Portuguese RBSOs in the context of research, technology and product development projects. The results suggest that RBSOs play an intermediary role in the country’s innovation ecosystem, which can assume different forms. In the national networks, they frequently bridge between research and downstream organisations, contributing to the dissemination of knowledge within the ecosystem. In the international networks, their most important role may be as connectors to and conveyors of advanced knowledge produced in external knowledge environments.
  Keywords: spin-offs; innovation ecosystems knowledge dissemination; inter-firm relationships.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEED.2023.10051997
   
  
• The Influence of Marketing Skills, Entrepreneurship Education, and Entrepreneurial Motivation on the Entrepreneurial Intention of the Students of Universitas Jambi  
  by Suratno Suratno, Kuswanto Kuswanto, Yantoro Yantoro, Hidayatul Arief 
  Abstract: This study examines the effect of entrepreneurship education, marketing skills, and entrepreneurial motivation on students’ entrepreneurial intentions. The population in this study were undergraduate students at Jambi University in the final semester of the 2020-2021 academic year. Data were collected using a questionnaire and then analysed using the SEM-PLS model approach. The results of the study indicate that marketing skills and entrepreneurship education directly and indirectly affect entrepreneurial intentions through entrepreneurial motivation. The analysis of the structural equation model that has been determined can be the basis for policy makers at Jambi University to create an entrepreneurial climate through the learning process and other programs to increase student entrepreneurial interest.
  Keywords: marketing skills; entrepreneurship education; entrepreneurial motivation; entrepreneurial intention.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEED.2024.10052043
   
  
• Education and economic growth in Morocco: A causal analysis approach  
  by Hicham GOUMRHAR 
  Abstract: This work consists in establishing the nature of the long and/or short term relationship as well as the causal inference between human capital and economic growth in Morocco. In this respect, we adopted an appropriate methodological approach, in particular the dynamic ARDL model, in multivariate analysis, the Cointegration test (Pesaran et al., 2001) as well as the Granger causality test according to the Toda-Yamamoto approach (1995). The results show that investment in human capital, through education, does not seem to have an immediate effect on economic growth in the case of Morocco, but rather is represented as a positive and significant factor for long-term economic growth. Moreover, the causal relationship for the case of Morocco is expressed from production (or growth) to education and that it is not simply a mutual causality relationship.
  Keywords: education; economic growth; GDP per capita; ARDL model; Granger causality; Toda-Yamamoto approach.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEED.2024.10052881
   
  
• Training in social entrepreneurship using educational videos. Description of two different learning experiences  
  by Tiziana Priede-Bergamini, Cristina Lopez-Cozar-Navarro 
  Abstract: Due to the situation caused worldwide by the pandemic, many people 's habits and ways of life have been modified. One of the main changes is related to high university learning, which has gone from being face-to-face, to telematics in many cases. This has led to changes in the teaching methodologies and, of course, in the learning resources used by the staff. This paper aims to show, through real experiences developed in two different universities in Madrid, the benefits and the generation of value that the use of information and communication technologies (ICT)-specifically focused on the generation and sharing of teaching videos on social entrepreneurship can contribute to on-line university education. Teaching social entrepreneurship should be based on active learning methodologies and through the interaction between theory and practice. We consider especially important that young university students acquire the entrepreneurial spirit linked with ethical behaviour at work and corporate social responsibility. The experience described in this paper show that these resources from ICT especially educational videos are appropriate for the teaching of social entrepreneurship in the XXIst century under uncertain conditions.
  Keywords: social entrepreneurship; higher education; skills; competences; technologies; university; learning methodologies; ethics; responsibility.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEED.2023.10053103
   
  
• The impact of green human resource management on employee green behaviour in higher education institutions: the mediating role of green self-efficacy.
  by Chetna Sachdeva, Tripti Singh 
  Abstract: The paper uses ability-motivation-opportunity (AMO) theory and social cognitive theory (SCT) to explore the effects of green human resource management (GHRM) on employee green behaviour (EGB) and green selfefficacy (GSE) and examine a mediating effect of GSE in the relationship between GHRM and EGB in higher education institutions in India. An empirical study is undertaken using questionnaires amongstacademicians (n = 175) working in higher education institutions (HEIs) in India. Subsequent hypothesis testing is done through structural equation modelling in AMOS 22.0 version. The findings indicate that GHRM is asignificant predictor of EGB and GSE. Furthermore, GSE demonstrated partial mediation in GHRM-EGB relationship. The results suggest that policymakers in higher education institutions must introduce and appreciate systems to promote green behaviour in individuals. This study contributes to GHRM and EGB literature in the context of HEIs in India and is the first to consider GSE as a mediating instrument.
  Keywords: green human resource management; GHRM; green self-efficacy; GSE; employee green behaviour; EGB; higher education institutions; HEIs.
  
  
• DOES FINANCIAL EDUCATION ACT AS A CATALYST FOR SME COMPETITIVENESS  
  by Mukul Bhatnagar, Sanjay Taneja, PAWAN KUMAR, Ercan Özen 
  Abstract: Small and medium-sized enterprise plays a significant role in economic development by creating jobs, increasing wealth, and reducing poverty. The present study was conducted in the industrial area of Chandigarh, Mohali and Panchkula (India). Data was collected from entrepreneurial and managerial classes of the SME sector through a questionnaire through direct personal investigation. The survey was conducted using the questionnaire’s non-probability purposive sampling method. The findings indicate that financial education is the most significant factor affecting SME success, followed by access to financing, which considerably affects SME performance. The data suggests that financial risk has a negative effect on SME performance, although the impact is not statistically significant. Furthermore, the significance of a variable’s power may be determined by examining whether the sample means fall within confidence intervals. SMEs should be well educated to access alternative funding channels to the banking system that provide feasible alternatives for accomplishing value creation objectives.
  Keywords: small and medium-sized enterprises; SMEs; financial literacy; access to finance; financial risk.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEED.2023.10053629
   
  
• HOW TO RECRUIT STUDENTS - STUDENTS' EXPECTATIONS AND EMPLOYER OPPORTUNITIES IN SERBIA?  
  by Tatjana Cvetkovski, Ana Langovic Milicevic, Violeta Cvetkovska Tomanovic, Zlatko Langovic 
  Abstract: Organisations need to have continuity in knowledge development. This means that they have to engage existing staff, who unfortunately retire or leave organisation due to better job opportunities. This is especially true for Serbia. From the other side, negative population growth, high brain drain and not so great educational structure of working-age population are reality. This can lead to knowledge risks associated with the organisations inability to reach competent staff in the future. Therefore, solution could be found in recruitment of final year students. We conduct student surveys at two universities in Serbia, one private-owned and one state-owned and found that students in Serbia have clear expectations of future employers in terms of recruitment and job characteristics. They pretty much rely on new technologies in the recruitment process and want similar things as their colleagues from abroad. Research gave us opportunity to provide insights in students' expectations and employer opportunities in Serbia.
  Keywords: Students' expectations; recruitment; employer; labour market; human resources; Serbia.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEED.2024.10054059
   
  
• Higher education and national governance: comparison of their relationship with talent  
  by Ricardo Chacon, Suhang Fan, Patricio Maturana-Russel 
  Abstract: In the information age and era of globalisation, it is crucial that companies attract, develop and retain workers. However, this issue is not only a matter for companies; nowadays, governments and societies compete for talent at a global level. Several dimensions shape this macro talent environment: investment in education, employee training, and health infrastructure, among others. In this study, we focus on higher education (rankings and participation rates by level of education) and the country’s governance according to the talent-relative position of countries in the Institute for Management Development (IMD) World Ranking (WTR). If the median of governance indicators rises by four parts, the country’s world talent ranking will improve by one place. On the higher education side, a strong relationship exists with the proportion of students attending Top 200 universities. However, the talent ranking of the country is more positively affected by improving participation rates at the masters and doctoral levels.
  Keywords: higher education; university rankings; human capital; talent; governance; labour markets; public sector.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEED.2024.10055147
   
  
• Parental Education and Child labour: Evidence from Pakistan  
  by Malik Muhammad, Nasim Shah Shirazi, Zafar Kayani 
  Abstract: Child labour deprives children of their right to education, resulting in a lack of skills, human capital, and a reduction in future earnings. This study provides a better understanding of Child labour by examining its relationship with socio-economic factors. Using PSLM 2019-20 data, logit estimates show that an increase in the parental level of education reduces the chance of child labour. Well-being, measured by the wealth index, shows that children from wealthy households are less likely to work. Furthermore, fathers' employment substitute, while mothers' employment complement children's work. Girls are less likely to involve in child labour than boys. However, this may be interpreted carefully as girls are primarily engaged in household chores that are not reported. Finally, children from rural areas are more likely to do work than children from urban areas. Similarly, children from Balochistan have a greater chance of child labuor than Sindh, Punjab, and KPK.
  Keywords: Child labour; Parental Education; Logit Model.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEED.2024.10055415
   
  
• Entrepreneurial Attitude: A Gender Study Among Management Students in India  
  by Mona Chaudhary, Ruchika Jeswal 
  Abstract: India has made progress on various social indicators as an emerging economy, with a growing workforce and education rate. However, gender equality is an area that still requires development for economic and social advancement. Entrepreneurship is considered essential for this development, and research has identified factors that affect entrepreneurial attitudes. This study aims to explore the impact of business and entrepreneurial education on the entrepreneurial attitude of management students in Delhi and the NCR region, as well as the influence of gender on this attitude. The study used a quantitative research design and a questionnaire to collect data from 117 undergraduate and postgraduate management students. The results show that education significantly affects entrepreneurial attitude, with a notable difference between levels of business education and specialisation. Gender had no significant effect on entrepreneurial attitude, and no moderating effect was observed.
  Keywords: entrepreneurship; business education; entrepreneurial education; gender equality; entrepreneurial attitude,.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEED.2024.10056341
   
  
• Factors affecting student motivation to study and their retention in online business programs  
  by Lucie Depoo, Jirí Bohácek, Markéta Snýdrová, Gabriela Jezková Petru, Ivana Snýdrová, Roman Zuzák 
  Abstract: This paper provides reflection on preferences in online education by students in business higher education. This case study is based on survey of 1,184 students of a business university. The aim is to identify students’ preferences in online education that impact their motivation to study. Analyses were to test the theoretical construct of factors that impact student preferences to continue their studies. Students’ reflection on their experiences brings factors crucial to retain students. Results show preferences and motivation of students. Majority is oriented on new technologies, using modern features and education applications; women are oriented on flexibility of online delivery, but otherwise prefer standard contact with the school. All students need to stay in contact with the university as it brings numerous positive effects.
  Keywords: distance teaching-learning; attitudes; motivation; online; business.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEED.2024.10057176
   
  
• Digitalization, Education and Economic growth in the Mediterranean countries  
  by Benjilali Mohamed, Azhari Mourad, El Chikhi El Mokhtar 
  Abstract: Technology and education are significant factors in the economic growth of countries. This study examines whether digitalisation and education contribute to economic growth in the Mediterranean region. We use a panel data sample of 14 countries from 2003 to 2020 and apply the generalised method of moments (GMM) dynamic panel data model. The choice of this approach is not arbitrary and not trivial. It outperforms other models in terms of endogeneity, autocorrelation, heterogeneity issues, and mitigating potential estimation biases. The results show that education, internet and broadband access contribute positively to economic growth. We note also the significant relationship between the internet and cell phones.
  Keywords: economic growth; education; digitalisation; Mediterranean countries; dynamic panel.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEED.2024.10057421
   
  
• Education and Opportunity in Spain and the United States: Evidence from Youth Labor Market Entry  
  by Jennifer L. Steele  
  Abstract: Using large random samples of young adults ages 24 to 30 in Spain and the United States, I examine socioeconomic mobility in each country and how vocational education options may enhance or detract from such mobility. In Spain, the socioeconomic status of young adults is less dependent on that of their parents than in the U.S., but educational attainment is strongly related to family background in both countries. What differ are educational returns. In Spain, educational attainment strongly predicts job satisfaction, but in the U.S., it predicts employment and earnings. Yet, if the distribution of average adult skills by education level in the U.S. matched that of Spain, inequality by education level in the U.S. would be roughly halved, all else remaining equal. Regarding the role of vocational education, young adults in Spain with non-tertiary vocational credentials show an employment advantage that does not translate to higher earnings.
  Keywords: social mobility; comparative economics; labor force entry; returns to education; vocational education; propensity score stratification; instrumental variables.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEED.2024.10057537
   
  
• Stakeholders’ Satisfaction Level of Service Quality of Certificate Equivalency in Higher Education: a UAE Case  
  by Sameera Almulla, M.S. Bawaaneh 
  Abstract: The quality of services provided by the Certificate Equivalency Department of the Ministry of Education in the UAE is investigated by addressing the customer satisfaction level of the departments services. The body of the study is divided into three categories according to the type of provided service, employment status of the customer, and time required to accomplish the requested service, and descriptive and inferential statistics are used to analyse data. The satisfaction level showed statistically significant difference in the mean between the Student group and the Employee group in favour of employees being more satisfied with the service. Results also show that the time of accomplishment of the requested service was the decisive factor in the overall feeling of satisfaction from the customers’ perspective. Our findings represent the first study of its kind conducted on the quality of services offered by the Ministry of Education in the UAE.
  Keywords: customer satisfaction; performance evaluation; service quality; higher education; certificate equivalency; certificate attestation; human resource management.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEED.2024.10057946
   
  
• Understanding e-book continuance intention among students in a developing country: the role of relative advantage, satisfaction and e-reading habits
  by Duong Luu Thi Thuy, Van Nguyen Thi, Binh Do Thi 
  Abstract: Regarding as a cutting-edge, digital reading method and as a teaching tool for students, e-books are increasingly invested by several of Vietnam’s higher educational institutions in the effort to encourage students to switch to and continue reading e-books in light of the 4.0 revolution. This study proposes a research model that integrates. The hierarchy of effects model (HEM) and diffusion of innovation theory (DIT) to examine e-book continuance intention among students in a developing country. The partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) method validates the causal model. This study confirms the mediating role of satisfaction and reading habits in the relative advantage and continuance intention relationship and a significant direct impact of relative advantage on e-reading habits. The study’s findings substantially impact students’ behaviour with reference to future book utilisation and highlight several implications for Vietnam’s publishers.
  Keywords: e-book; continuance intention; satisfaction; relative advantage; e-reading habits.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEED.2025.10059243
   
  
• The effect of education and investment on per capita GDP  
  by Dani Rahman Hakim, Iin Rosini 
  Abstract: This study analysed the effect of education and investment on per capita GDP in Indonesia. This study used mean years of schooling, national secondary school test score, and secondary school student enrolment as education proxies. Meanwhile, the investment in this study was proxied by foreign and domestic investment (DI). This study employed panel data from 34 provinces of Indonesia during the 2013-2019 period with a one-way error component regression model. This study revealed that education could positively affect per capita gross domestic product (GDP) if it were proxied by mean years of schooling and secondary school student enrolment. This study also found that DI proved to have a positive and significant effect on per capita GDP. The results of this study are robust after controlling the incremental capital-output ratio (ICOR) and Gini ratio.
  Keywords: education; GDP; investment.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEED.2023.10048573
   
  
• The effect of educational mismatch on the Turkish manufacturing industry  
  by Halit Yanikkaya, Pınar Tat 
  Abstract: This article explores the educational mismatch for 23 Turkish industries using all available household labour force surveys (LFSs) and annual industry and service statistics from 2004 to 2015. The main aim of this paper is first to evaluate the educational mismatch levels in the Turkish industries and then analyse its effects on the industrial total factor productivity (TFP), labour productivity, and wages. For the industrial TFP, the dynamic panel data estimations suggest that the mean value of over education years decreases the growth rate of TFP. Therefore, the widespread existence of educational mismatch implies an efficiency loss in Turkish manufacturing industries from the period 2004 to 2015. For industrial labour productivity, the modal value of education increases the labour productivity whereas there is no significant effect on industrial wages. This means that the Turkish manufacturing industries could benefit by employing more workers with the required level of schooling. This paper also controls for the birth cohort of workers to check the sensitivity of the results. These sensitivity checks consistently imply that the conclusions of this study are substantially robust to the utilisation of different specifications.
  Keywords: educational mismatch; total factor productivity; TFP; labour productivity; wages; Turkey; industries.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEED.2023.10048927
   
  
• Relationship between school grade and high school student motivation  
  by Fidan Ibrahimi 
  Abstract: The aim of the study was to find out whether there is a relationship between school grades and high school student motivation. Participants of this study where 11 and 12 grade students (N = 152) in three high schools: Sami Frasheri, Xhevdet Doda and Dr. Ali Sokoli in Kosovo. The data was collected by questionnaire that was created for the purpose of this study and that was based on motivation theories. The data was analysed by factor analysis. Also in this study for further analysis we used inferential statistics such as correlation, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. Four factors were extracted by analysing the questionnaire, using the common factors method: intrinsic motivation, parents as an incentive, rating as an incentive and teacher as an incentive for teaching engagement. The correlation results show that school success is significantly associated with all of the factors and therefore we can conclude that there is statistically significant association between school grades and motivation. Also, the results from multiple regression show that as an incentive and teacher as an incentive for teaching engagement have a statistically significant effect on school grades.
  Keywords: motivation; school grade; assessment; correlation; high school student.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEED.2024.10049996
   
  
• Impact of academic support on students' intrinsic motivation: a transition economy perspective  
  by Julie Teresa Jacob, D. Asokk, S. Prasanna 
  Abstract: It is debatable whether the cross-cultural relevance of academic support has universal implications for students' achievement and cognitive learning processes. The salient features of doctoral education include faculty mentorship that fosters intellectual advancement and progressive freedom. This prospective study applied self-determination theory to investigate the impact of supervisor support on students' motivation in transitioning collectivistic educational settings. The study includes self-reported measures of doctoral students (n = 400) from various higher education institutions in India. According to the results, the supervisor's research-related support and voice autonomy support appeared to have a significant impact on students' intrinsic motivation. The study provides valuable insights into faculty mentoring and student professional socialisation. The article addresses the implications of the findings for educational research and contemporary scholarly practices.
  Keywords: self-determination theory; SDT; higher education; academic support; supervisor support; personal support; autonomy; intrinsic motivation; transition economy; collectivistic society; India.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEED.2024.10050908
   
  
• The reality of distance learning facing educational crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic among Jordanian university students with disabilities  
  by Worud Awamleh 
  Abstract: The current study aimed at identifying the reality of distance learning facing the educational crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic among university students with disabilities in Jordanian universities. To achieve the aims of the study, the researcher designed a questionnaire of four domains: distance learning services provided to students with disabilities; technical challenges bounding the application of the distance learning process on students; challenges facing faculty member; and appropriate solutions for the success of the effectiveness of distance education. The study tool, the questionnaire, was distributed to a sample of 440 students with disabilities (motor, auditory, and visual) in three Jordanian universities. The results indicated that the reality of distance learning facing the educational crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic among Jordanian universities' students with disabilities was relatively average. Further, they concluded that there was a realisation of distance learning among university students with disabilities, which does not meet the desired degree of efficacy and influence.
  Keywords: distance learning; educational crisis; corona pandemic; COVID-19; students with disabilities.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEED.2024.10050572
   
  
• Mapping the intellectual structure of non-performing assets: a bibliometric study  
  by Biswajit Prasad Chhatoi 
  Abstract: The rising non-performing assets (NPAs)/non-performing loans (NPLs) have become an economic predicament and an alarming factor for developing economies in India. With a purpose to quantitatively assess the progress of the field of research on NPAs, the authors of this work have deployed bibliometric technique to 785 documents retrieved from the Scopus citation database. Analysing the data obtained for a period 2000-2019, we explored trends of citations, prominent authors and journals, emerging fields of study within NPAs and keyword analysis. The network analysis has been performed using 'VOSviewer' to exhibit bibliographic coupling of authors and keywords. The study found that NPA has drawn significant attention by the scholars, and Ghose was found to be highly productive among them. Similarly, journal Bank and Bank Systems was ascertained as the most contributing journal to this field. The 'European Central Bank' was most influential through its promising output and publications.
  Keywords: non-performing assets; NPAs; non-performing loans; NPLs; bibliometric analysis; VOSviewer; bad loans; credit risk; credit pollution.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEED.2023.10050758
   
  
• A study of the relationship between academic stress and the academic achievement of the students at the formal operational stage  
  by Tabassum Sherwani Khan, Muhammad Bashir Gondal 
  Abstract: The study aimed to determine the relationship between academic stress and the academic achievement of the students at the formal operational stage. The study also identified students' perceptions about academic stressors. Tenth grade students from 36 schools were selected under stratified cluster random sampling technique and formed the sample of the study. To assess the perception of students about their academic stress, a scale was developed by the researchers. The academic achievement of the students was measured by their scores in 9th grade BISE examination. The study found a moderate negative correlation between academic stress and academic achievement of the students. The results showed no significant difference in the academic stress as reported by the students on the basis of gender, however, the students studying science subjects reported higher academic stress as compared to the students studying arts subjects. The participants perceived workload, COVID-19, and exam pressure as major academic stressors.
  Keywords: academic stress; academic achievement adolescence; COVID-19; formal operational stage; academic stressors; correlational research.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJEED.2024.10054714