International Journal of Electronic Banking (10 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• The Factors Influencing the Adoption of Internet Banking in Yemen  
  by Wail Alhakimi, Jameel Esmail 
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that has an influence over the customers intention to adopt internet banking in Yemen. A questionnaire was developed and distributed to the customers of most of active banks in Yemen. By using exploratory and quantitative methods, 384 questionnaires were distributed, and 301 were successfully retrieved. The collected data was examined using descriptive, correlation, and regression analyses. The findings reveal that while relative advantage, perceived risk, perceived security have no significant impact, technology readiness along with prior internet knowledge have significant impact on the intention of customers to adopt the internet banking in Yemen. This study implicitly provides a background for the hypotheses that were tested in order to validate a model for the purpose of accepting the internet banking services. Banks in Yemen are in dire need to invest heavily in internet banking and its IT infrastructure, expand services into remote areas, and build trust to attract more customers in order to increase the percentage of internet banking adopters. The study is highly crucial to the emerging financial institutions in Yemen, as it provides answers to the factors that affect the customers intention to adopt internet banking in Yemen.
  Keywords: Internet banking; Relative advantage; Perceived risk; Perceived security; Technology readiness; Prior internet knowledge.
  
  
• An Empirical Analysis of the Sustainability of Meeting the Convergence Criteria for Turkeys Accession to the European Monetary System  
  by Samar Akhtar, Subhadra Ganguli 
  Abstract: Abstract: rnThis paper compares Turkey against three other European Union countries, namely Germany, France and Italy in terms of the convergence criteria of the Maastricht Treaty and the Stability and Growth Pact for the potential acceptance of Turkey into the European Monetary System with single currency Euro. The paper uses quantitative empirical analysis using macroeconomic data for the period 1999-2016 for all the three countries to compare and analyse the conditions of convergence between them. Results show convergence of EU countries in most criteria of the Maastricht Treaty and the Growth and Stability Pact during 1995-99, prior to the creation of the European Union. During 19992005 Turkey exhibited convergence in all criteria except exchange rates, inflation rates and interest rates; during 2005-16 it lacked convergence in areas of exchange rates, inflation rates and interest rates, again demonstrating that the country was not ready for economic integration with EU. This study attempts to consider the sustainability of Turkeys accession into the single currency European Monetary System using economic and monetary criteria only. The results from this research could throw insights into the macro-economic and financial viability of the potential entry of Turkey into the single currency Euro zone from policy perspective. rn
  Keywords: European Monetary Union; Turkey; Convergence Criteria; single currency euro.
  
  
• Proposed mobile trade application:A new approach for sharia compliant credit card  
  by Mohammad ALLAYMOUN, Omer Hag Hamid 
  Abstract: This paper presents a proposed mobile application system that hopes to offer a Shariah-compliant credit facility. To be the ideal solution for customers seeking technical solutions to help them effectively complete their credit operations under Islamic law. The proposed scenario suggests the use of an electronic application instead of a plastic card. The electronic application implements the required contracts that are necessary to make the processes fully Shariah-compliant , the application execute a punch of contracts that approved by Sharia such as agency (Wakalah) and sales (Murabaha) , using a couple of tools also approved by Sharia such as constructive Possession, moreover there is a certain permissibility in debt particularly to debtor that there is allowance to deduct part of agreed profit this mean if a client accelerates payment of one or more installments prior to the date specified for such payment , the Islamic bank may deduct part of the profit agreed upon between the Islamic bank and the client at the time of settlement this permissibility approved by AAIOFI standard .
  Keywords: Mobile Application; Credit card; Islamic banks; E-bank; Investments; Murabaha; Mobile Banking.
  
  
• MODELLING CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT AND BANKS PROFITABILITY  
  by Monika Gupta, Tarika Sikarwar 
  Abstract: The research work is done to understand the effect of capital adequacy, leverage and Debt-Equity Ratio on the Profitability of Indian banks. Ten years data was taken for the study of top ten banks of India. Multiple regression Analysis is used to check the causal relation. The results are contrary to what the theory says. Further Time Series Analysis has been used to confirm the model.
  Keywords: “capital adequacy”; “leverage”; “Debt-Equity Ratio”; “Credit Risk Management” and “Profitability”.
  
  
• EVALUATING SMALL FIRMS PERFORMANCE THROUGH ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCIES  
  by Sameh Reyad, Mukhtar Alhashimi, Sherine Badawi 
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is to evaluate Bahraini small firms performance (ROA & ROI) and the competencies of entrepreneurs (Relationship Competencies, Organizing Competencies and Commitment Competencies). Data was collected from 300 respondents out of 384 distributed questionnaires from various firms in the Bahrain in the period of 2018. The usable questionnaires represent a response rate of 78.125%. Results showed that there is a positive relationship between commitment competencies of entrepreneur and ROS & ROI at Bahraini firms. On other hand the results also showed that there is a positive relationship but not significant between relationship, organizing competencies and ROS &ROI in Bahraini firms.
  Keywords: Return on sales; Return on investment; Relationship Competencies; Organizing Competencies; Commitment Competencies; Bahrain.
  
  
• Investigating Factors Affecting Customer Churn in Electronic Banking and Developing Solutions for Retention  
  by Abbas Keramati, Hajar Ghanei, Seyed Mohammad Mirmohammadi 
  Abstract: Due to the competitive environment in electronic banking services, banks need to understand situations that lead to customer churn. Hence identification of factors affecting customer churn and developing programs to retain customer is important for banks. In this study, binomial logistic regression technique is used to identify factors affecting customer churn in electronic banking. Then affecting factors are employed in Decision Tree and Artificial Neural Network methods to predict customer churn. Bagging technique is used to solve class imbalance problem and improves accuracy. The results show that the length of customer association, customers age, customers gender and the number of mobile banking transactions influence customer churn. Comparison of the prediction methods shows that performance of decision tree classifier is better than artificial neural network. Finally, based on the findings, some solutions are recommended to prevent customer from churning. In addition, some methods are suggested to build customer churn prediction model.
  Keywords: Electronic banking service; Churn; Logistic regression; Bagging; Decision tree; Artificial neural network.
  
  
• Demonetization: A Move towards Cashless Economy in India  
  by Laila Memdani 
  Abstract: The objective of the paper is to study the impact of demonetization on the digitalization of the cash transactions and move towards a cashless economy in the India. For this purpose data is collected from RBI website on the volume of transactions through Debit cards and credit cards for the months of September and October (pre), November and December (during), January and February (after) and May and June (Later) demonetization, for all the banks of India. The statistical technique of paired sample t-test is used to find out whether there is any significant change or not. The results reveal that there was significant change in pre, during and post demonetization period but not in the later period.
  Keywords: Demonetization; Digitization; ATM transactions; Debit card and Credit Card Transactions.
  
  
• Murabaha Application for Electronic Commerce Internet of Things Utilization in Islamic Fin-Tech  
  by Omer Hag Hamid, Mohammad Allaymoun 
  Abstract: This paper suggests a proposed application for E- Murabaha as an e-commerce method for Islamic banks. The researchers have used the qualitative, descriptive research methodology to review the topic. So this study was analyzed through comparative analyzing system. proposed Murabaha application were used to compare the validity of Islamic Murabaha application and to forecast some suitable model. This system provides an effective technical mechanism for the execution of the Murabaha contract process, allowing for the purchase of goods online from the commercial sites of the Islamic bank, in a manner which corresponds with the Islamic faith. Traditional Murabaha in Islamic banks will be converted into digital steps that include the client review the available item in the banks website with all details (price, components, etc.). and digitally client can execute the contract using the smart contracts. The system consists of two parties (the bank and the client), interacting with necessary steps and rules abiding by sharia. the systems utilize the internet of things as well as the advance technologies adopted in E-commerce specially payment methods and smart contracts
  Keywords: Murabaha; sharia; Islamic banks; e-commerce;e-bank;e-payment; e-shopping.
  
  
• FRAUD DETECTION AND VERIFICATION SYSTEM FOR ONLINE TRANSACTIONS: A BRIEF OVERVIEW  
  by Nidhika Chauhan, Prikshit Tekta 
  Abstract: Conducting transactions online is a general user behavior nowadays with an alarming increase rate. It is completely hassle-free and becoming a habit of the users. Its most common example can be seen on various e-commerce platforms, where the increasing number of users is multiplying the number of transactions daily. With such a large network of online transactions, it is expected to have certain loopholes rendering such platforms to frauds and glitches. Therefore, in this paper, we will be discussing a fraud detection and verification system targeting online transactions mainly e-commerce. The paper stipulates certain techniques that can be used to authenticate any online transaction and if found fraudulent, it is followed by a verification mechanism that more or less helps to validate the authenticity of the transaction. The aspects laid down in this paper can no doubt be further scrutinized to build a robust fraud detection system, but certainly, they form a basis towards building a viable fraud detection system.
  Keywords: Fraud detection; online transactions; verification; detection; secure system.
  
  
• The Impact of drop in global oil prices on the sale of mobile phones in the Kingdom of Bahrain during 2016  
  by Abdulrehman Mohammed, Subhadra Ganguli 
  Abstract: This paper analyzes the impact of continued low oil prices on the sale of mobile phones in 2016 in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The paper applies descriptive analysis and regression technique to survey data collected. It concludes that oil price is the only significant factor affecting the sale of mobile phones in Bahrain while income, price, promotions and political and economic stability in Bahrain have no significant impact. The findings could direct policy towards further diversification of the economy in non-oil sectors. It emphasizes the fact that oil price drives the revenues and business of the mobile sector. Further research should be conducted to evaluate and analyze the degree of impact of oil price change on other sectors of the economy.
  Keywords: Bahrain; mobile phone; oil price; regression; GCC.