International Journal of Knowledge and Learning (5 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• The effect of the 3/2/1 fluent speaking technique in teaching Turkish as a foreign language  
  by Halit Karatay, Kadir Vefa Tezel, Hüseyin Karabuğa, Seda Kaya, Gökçen Tekin 
  Abstract: Fluency in speaking is a problem foreign language learner at all proficiency levels experience. To help learners cope with this problem research-proven techniques may be helpful. This study used 3/2/1, a research-tested technique, to develop the speaking fluency of learners of Turkish as a foreign language. The learners were given practice opportunities using the technique at two proficiency levels. Data were collected to determine the extent of fluency development in speaking and analysed using the number of words used by the learners per minute, the number of hesitations, repetitions, and false starts per 100 words, the number of grammar mistakes, and the use of more complex sentences in the talks of the learners. The results showed that improvements were observed in all criteria which meant that the learners had made progress in terms of fluency, accuracy, and control of the content of their talks.
  Keywords: speaking fluency; foreign language learning; speaking education; teaching Turkish as a foreign language.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJKL.2026.10075972
   
  
• Determinants governing teachers preparedness during pandemic in Indian higher education  
  by Jitendra Singh 
  Abstract: This work aims to assess the teachers preparedness on technological use and availability of resources. To a questionnaire was administered to the teachers engaged in higher education and their demographic details that include age, teaching label, locality of residence, etc. were collected. Collected variables were categorised into control variables and outcome and the relationship between them had been established. Outcomes generated by the correlation method were validated with the help of machine learning algorithms. The result indicated the degree of relationship between control variables and the outcome. Teachers relatively young and fall in the age group of 2535 years have emerged as major users of ICT-based pedagogy. Upon observing the subjects, few subjects have demonstrated the higher usage of ICT tools relative to others. The proposed method will be immensely helpful for the administrators and policymakers to determine the gap and formulate the policies to further strengthen ICT-based learning.
  Keywords: ICT Usage; UGC recommendation; SWAYAM; Indian higher education; factors affecting ICT learning.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJKL.2026.10077102
   
  
• Explaining team effectiveness and creativity in MBA team consulting projects  
  by Yang Zhang, Stephen J.J. McGuire, John Cooper, Sarah Villanueva 
  Abstract: Why do some MBA teams achieve highly effective and creative outcomes on a complex consulting project while other teams performance is less impressive? Based on the team input-process-output paradigm and social network theory, we present a model of team creativity and effectiveness for a specific type of team project, whereby three inputs (team task commitment, team relational commitment, and team design) predict the degree to which teams achieve two outcomes: creativity and effectiveness. Based on data from 319 MBA consulting teams, we found that all three team inputs enhance team creativity and effectiveness. In addition, five team processes (team work inclusion, team social inclusion, team management and organising, team intra-network, and team extra-network) mediated the relationship between inputs and outcomes.
  Keywords: team; team inputs; team processes; MBA; team creativity; team effectiveness; consulting.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJKL.2026.10077532
   
  
• Does Egypt's mental health legislation balance patient rights and public safety?  
  by Eid G. Abo Hamza, Moustafa Elmetwaly Kandeel, Alaa Abouahmed, Daniel Kissinger 
  Abstract: Trust is confidential we can provide a safe and therapeutic space for individuals seeking mental health treatment. Egypts legal and ethical systems aim to safeguard the confidentiality of individuals seeking mental healthcare services. But cultural barriers and social stigma attached to mental healthcare may discourage individuals from seeking treatment which in turn, poses challenges to providing effective mental healthcare. The contemporary study presents a viewpoint on the present legislation relating to mental health in Egypt, what is good and what is bad, and how to improve it. This study focuses on how we can analyse the current legal and ethical frameworks supporting patient privacy, data security, and more. Accessing mental healthcare is not only a health issue but also a cultural and social challenge. The article, therefore, addresses the issue and the mental health legislation effective in the country for change of prospects. Overall, the study underlined the importance of confidentiality and upholding patient rights in mental healthcare, the continued need to reduce stigma the continued need to reduce stigma and improve access to quality mental healthcare services in Egypt.
  Keywords: mental health legislation; patient rights; public safety; confidentiality in mental health; cultural barriers; stigma in mental health; legal framework; healthcare policy; mental healthcare reform; Egypt.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJKL.2026.10077893
   
  
• Taiwanese elementary school English teachers learning through collaborative lesson planning for contextualised language instruction  
  by Chin-Wen Chien 
  Abstract: Collaborative lesson planning has been demonstrated to enhance teachers curricular knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge, and contextual understanding of both school environments and learners (Zeng and Day, 2019). This study investigated the professional learning experiences of 34 Taiwanese elementary school English teachers engaged in collaborative lesson planning during a summer intensive program. Through a descriptive analysis of pre- and post-test data, alongside thematic analysis of interviews, peer feedback, and lesson plans, two key findings emerged. Firstly, collaborative lesson planning was found to significantly support participants development of curriculum knowledge and pedagogical strategies tailored to contextualised language instruction. Furthermore, effective teamwork during the collaborative planning process was attributed to participants active sharing of ideas, constructive discussions, equitable task distribution, and mutual respect. Based on these findings, some recommendations are proposed to facilitate the successful implementation of collaborative lesson planning among elementary school English teachers.
  Keywords: collaborative lesson planning; competence; contextualised language instruction; elementary school English teachers.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJKL.2026.10077895