Forthcoming Articles

International Journal of Knowledge and Learning

International Journal of Knowledge and Learning (IJKL)

Forthcoming articles have been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication but are pending final changes, are not yet published and may not appear here in their final order of publication until they are assigned to issues. Therefore, the content conforms to our standards but the presentation (e.g. typesetting and proof-reading) is not necessarily up to the Inderscience standard. Additionally, titles, authors, abstracts and keywords may change before publication. Articles will not be published until the final proofs are validated by their authors.

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International Journal of Knowledge and Learning (One paper in press)

Regular Issues

  • The effect of the 3/2/1 fluent speaking technique in teaching Turkish as a foreign language   Order a copy of this article
    by Halit Karatay, Kadir Vefa Tezel, Hüseyin Karabuğa, Seda Kaya, Gökçen Tekin 
    Abstract: Fluency in speaking is a problem foreign language learner at all proficiency levels experience. To help learners cope with this problem research-proven techniques may be helpful. This study used 3/2/1, a research-tested technique, to develop the speaking fluency of learners of Turkish as a foreign language. The learners were given practice opportunities using the technique at two proficiency levels. Data were collected to determine the extent of fluency development in speaking and analysed using the number of words used by the learners per minute, the number of hesitations, repetitions, and false starts per 100 words, the number of grammar mistakes, and the use of more complex sentences in the talks of the learners. The results showed that improvements were observed in all criteria which meant that the learners had made progress in terms of fluency, accuracy, and control of the content of their talks.
    Keywords: speaking fluency; foreign language learning; speaking education; teaching Turkish as a foreign language.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJKL.2026.10075972
     

 

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