Article: Restriction of gas losses in an overpressurised CO2 reservoir using gel technology Journal: International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Technology (IJOGCT) 2014 Vol.8 No.2 pp.135 - 152 Abstract: The overpressurised CO2 field Bečej (Serbia) was explored in 1951. At the end of 1968, an uncontrolled gas blowout of Bč-5 well lasted 209 days resulting in 35 bars pressure drop in the reservoir until 2007. Hence, the substantial loss of reserve (> 17 billion m3) became a critical issue of the operator. Environmental friendly chemicals should be used only for well rehabilitation. Therefore, silicate-based method was recommended for the job. A triangle well pattern, inverted injection protocol and huge volume of treating solution were used to cure the problem. Placing the inorganic gel-forming chemicals into the target area, the annual decline of formation pressure was merely 0.03 bar/y compared to 0.9 bar/y prior to treatment. Thus, the uncontrolled gas flow was practically terminated, the loss of CO2 reserve minimised, CO2 emission to atmosphere was limited and the well against repeated gas blowout was also stabilised. [Received: January 18, 2012; Accepted: May 12, 2013] Inderscience Publishers - linking academia, business and industry through research

Title: Restriction of gas losses in an overpressurised CO₂ reservoir using gel technology

Authors: István Lakatos; Borimir Medič; Dragan Jovičič; Ivan Basič; Julianna Lakatos-Szabó

Addresses: MTA-ME Geoengineering Research Group, Research Institute of Applied Earth Sciences, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary ' Petroleum Industry of Serbia, NIS-Gazprom Neft, E&P Bloc, Narodnog Fronta 12, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia ' Petroleum Industry of Serbia, NIS-Gazprom Neft, E&P Bloc, Narodnog Fronta 12, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia ' Petroleum Industry of Serbia, NIS-Gazprom Neft, E&P Bloc, Narodnog Fronta 12, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia ' Research Institute of Applied Earth Sciences, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary

Abstract: The overpressurised CO₂ field Bečej (Serbia) was explored in 1951. At the end of 1968, an uncontrolled gas blowout of Bč-5 well lasted 209 days resulting in 35 bars pressure drop in the reservoir until 2007. Hence, the substantial loss of reserve (> 17 billion m³) became a critical issue of the operator. Environmental friendly chemicals should be used only for well rehabilitation. Therefore, silicate-based method was recommended for the job. A triangle well pattern, inverted injection protocol and huge volume of treating solution were used to cure the problem. Placing the inorganic gel-forming chemicals into the target area, the annual decline of formation pressure was merely 0.03 bar/y compared to 0.9 bar/y prior to treatment. Thus, the uncontrolled gas flow was practically terminated, the loss of CO₂ reserve minimised, CO₂ emission to atmosphere was limited and the well against repeated gas blowout was also stabilised. [Received: January 18, 2012; Accepted: May 12, 2013]

Keywords: CO2 fields; carbon dioxide; gas blowout; collapsed wells; CO2 reserve loss; vertical gas migration; vertical flow restriction; CO2 reserve stabilisation; hazard prevention; environmental hazards; gas losses; overpressurised reservoirs; gel technology; well rehabilitation.

DOI: 10.1504/IJOGCT.2014.064844

International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Technology, 2014 Vol.8 No.2, pp.135 - 152

Accepted: 12 May 2013
Published online: 30 Sep 2014 *

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Title: Restriction of gas losses in an overpressurised CO2 reservoir using gel technology

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Title: Restriction of gas losses in an overpressurised CO₂ reservoir using gel technology