Title: Development and validation of the volunteer motivations scale for international sporting events (VMS-ISE)

Authors: Hyejin Bang, Packianathan Chelladurai

Addresses: Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies, College of Education, Florida International University, University Park, ZEB 360B, 11200 S.W. 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199 USA. ' School of Physical Activity and Educational Services, College of Education and Human Ecology, A 250, PAES Building, 305 West 17th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1224, USA

Abstract: The major aim of the study was to develop and validate the volunteer motivations scale for international sporting events (VMS-ISE). A growing body of literature suggested that volunteer motivations vary with the nature of the volunteer activity and context. Although numerous studies have identified various volunteer motivational factors on human services in general, little study has attempted to conduct a volunteer study at mega international sporting events. In the study, using the 2002 FIFA World Cup volunteer sample, exploratory factor and confirmatory factor analyses revealed a six-factor solution: expression of values, patriotism, interpersonal contacts, personal growth, career orientation, and extrinsic rewards. The six factor model was confirmed with confirmatory factor analysis in a different data set from the 2002 Asian Games volunteers. The goodness-of-fit indices demonstrated the robustness of the VMS-ISE and its usefulness for assessing volunteer motivations at mega international sporting events. The results also indicated that marital status had a significant effect on all volunteer motivational dimensions.

Keywords: volunteerism; volunteer motivation; international sporting events; volunteers; FIFA World Cup; soccer world cup; football world cup; Asian Games; athletics; values; patriotism; interpersonal contacts; personal growth; career orientation; extrinsic rewards.

DOI: 10.1504/IJSMM.2009.030064

International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 2009 Vol.6 No.4, pp.332 - 350

Published online: 08 Dec 2009 *

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