Title: Artificial intelligence in ports: a bibliometric and evolutionary perspective

Authors: Gulden Oner; Yelda Inanc; Gultekin Altuntas

Addresses: Department of Maritime Business Administration, Faculty of Maritime, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey; Department of Transportation and Logistics Management, Institute of Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey ' Department of Logistics Management, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Istanbul Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Transportation and Logistics Management, Institute of Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey ' Department of Logistics, Faculty of Transportation and Logistics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey

Abstract: Container terminal operations are rapidly adopting artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to improve efficiency, sustainability, and automation amid ongoing digital transformation. This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of 391 publications (1992-2024) from the Web of Science Core Collection using Biblioshiny 4.0. The findings reveal a paradigm shift toward AI-driven optimisation across key areas, including berth allocation, crane scheduling, truck fleet management, and intelligent port automation. Despite this progress, a critical gap remains: the lack of empirical validation using real operational data. This gap highlights the urgent need for cross-industry collaboration to bridge theory and practice. The study urges policymakers and port authorities to implement standardised AI frameworks, invest in workforce upskilling, and enhance digital infrastructure. Future research should focus on scalable, data-validated AI applications and on promoting longitudinal case studies and industry partnerships to ensure the effective, sustainable integration of AI technologies into port logistics.

Keywords: artificial intelligence; container terminals; smart port applications; AI optimisation; digitalisation; maritime logistics.

DOI: 10.1504/IJSTL.2026.153221

International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics, 2026 Vol.22 No.3, pp.381 - 426

Received: 12 Jul 2025
Accepted: 12 Dec 2025
Published online: 29 Apr 2026 *

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