Title: Intermodal port access and egress transportation under green concerns: a systematic literature review

Authors: Yiying Du; Feng Lian; Zhongzhen Yang

Addresses: College of Transport and Communications, Shanghai Maritime University, China ' Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, China ' Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, China

Abstract: This paper systematically reviews the research advancements in port access and egress intermodal transportation under green concerns. Existing studies in this domain can be categorised into three themes by their research objectives: 1) focusing on calculating and analysing the CO₂ emissions generated by various port access and egress transportation modes; 2) focusing on optimising the transportation network through applying operations research techniques to shift transportation modes from high-carbon to low-carbon; 3) focusing on assessing the environmental performance and CO₂ reduction potential of the optimised transportation network. Finally, by classifying the problem characteristics and research methodologies for each theme and analysing the similarities and research gaps of studies in each theme, this paper discusses future research opportunities: 1) the trade-off between environmental benefits and efficiency losses; 2) the ports' pivotal role in integrating landside and seaside transportation processes and guiding landside modal shift; 3) the life cycle CO₂ emissions forecasting for reconstructed intermodal transportation systems.

Keywords: port access and egress transportation; CO₂ emission; intermodal transportation; modal shift; transportation and environment.

DOI: 10.1504/IJSTL.2025.148845

International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics, 2025 Vol.21 No.3, pp.375 - 406

Received: 30 Sep 2024
Accepted: 20 Jan 2025
Published online: 29 Sep 2025 *

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