Title: The design and development of the MetAR framework for designing an augmented reality application based on experts' consensus

Authors: Siet Fah Lim; Yusri Kamin

Addresses: Department of Technical and Engineering Education, School of Education, Faculty of Social Science and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johore, Malaysia ' Department of Technical and Engineering Education, School of Education, Faculty of Social Science and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johore, Malaysia

Abstract: This study aims to design and develop a framework for designing a metacognitive-supported augmented reality application for teaching and learning basic pneumatic systems. This multi-method study with the fuzzy delphi method (FDM) and interpretive structural modelling (ISM) approach involved 12 experts in multidisciplinary fields. The data was collected using seven Likert-type scale questionnaires. The design phase of the framework using the FDM found that the expert consensus for all principal components and the elements is greater than 75% with the threshold value, d ≤ 0.2. In contrast, the development phase of the framework was performed based on experts' voting using the ISM approach. The Concept Star software was used to develop the sequence of the elements based on their priority from every principal component to produce the MetAR design framework.

Keywords: design research; developmental research; framework; instructional multimedia; augmented reality; AR; expert consensus.

DOI: 10.1504/IJLT.2023.132750

International Journal of Learning Technology, 2023 Vol.18 No.2, pp.125 - 160

Received: 20 Oct 2021
Received in revised form: 07 Apr 2022
Accepted: 22 Jul 2022
Published online: 09 Aug 2023 *

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