Title: Demographics impact on management capabilities through the lens of transactional and transformational leadership

Authors: Abdul Nazer Shah; Naveed Saif; Muhammad Tahir Khan; Irfan Ullah Khan

Addresses: Department of Management, Bacha Khan University, KPK, Pakistan ' Department of Business and Economics, The University of Lakki Marwat, KPK, Pakistan ' Department of Economics and Business Administration, Division of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan ' Department of Education, The University of Lakki Marwat, KPK, Pakistan

Abstract: The current research study tries to find the impact of various demographic variables that affects top management capabilities to define their role as leaders in the higher education sector of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. As the number of HEIs is increasing, the role of their leaders is also pivotal to get success for their organisations. For this purpose, data were collected from selected public and private sector universities situated in Peshawar to get details about the leader's transactional and transformational capabilities and to align it with selected demographics. Based on the findings, only two attributes, contingent reward (CRD) attribute of transactional leadership and intrinsic motivation (INSTM) from transformational leadership, depict a significant relationship between gender and leadership attributes. CRD is the primary attribute of leaders that differentiate both styles of leaders in university setup. Based on ANOVA results, it is evident that the education level of leaders does not alter leader's capabilities. Similarly, the experience level of leaders alters their capabilities to infuse motivation among employees as well as to get the assigned job done properly. While age shows a moderate relationship with both leadership (transformational and transactional) attributes.

Keywords: transformational; transactional; ANOVA; higher education; demographics.

DOI: 10.1504/IJSOM.2022.126986

International Journal of Services and Operations Management, 2022 Vol.43 No.3, pp.338 - 358

Received: 10 May 2020
Accepted: 15 Jul 2020
Published online: 16 Nov 2022 *

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