Title: Investigating the potentials of educational robotics and agile learning through scrum methodology in K-12 education: a systematic review

Authors: Evangelia Anastasaki; Kostas Vassilakis; Edward Duca; Emmanuel Maravelakis; Antonios Konstantaras

Addresses: Department of Electronic Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Chania, Crete, Greece ' Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Crete, Greece ' Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Education, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta ' Department of Electronic Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Chania, Crete, Greece ' Department of Electronic Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Chania, Crete, Greece

Abstract: This paper reviews the current research literature on the potential of educational robotics (ER), the effects of Agile Scrum in educational settings, and the results of combining both in K-12 education. After systematically searching online literature databases, 127 relevant articles were located and included in the study. For each article, we analyse the purpose of the research and the results observed. The reviewed articles suggest that ER and the Scrum framework are powerful for developing students' technical skills, agile mindsets, and collaboration skills. However, the fundamental limitations include the need for extensive teacher training, time-management processes, and high resource demands, making scalability difficult in underfunded or large-classroom settings. The systematic review outcomes are discussed in terms of their implications for future research, and they can provide helpful guidance for educators, practitioners, and researchers in the area.

Keywords: agile learning; Scrum; educational robotics; K-12 programming; scratch; Python.

DOI: 10.1504/IJTEL.2026.155140

International Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning, 2026 Vol.18 No.3, pp.309 - 352

Received: 13 Jan 2025
Accepted: 27 Mar 2025
Published online: 28 Jul 2026 *

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