Title: Failure of Titan Submarine: technology, marine policy, governance of management and law

Authors: Muhammad Bilawal Khaskheli; Le Thi Ngoc Mai; Rabia Rasheed; Sanober Rasheed

Addresses: School of Law, Hainan University, No. 58 People's Avenue, Haikou, 570228, China ' Hanoi Law University, 1979, Hanoi, Vietnam ' Department of International Relations, Karachi University, Karachi 75270, Pakistan ' Department of International Relations, Karachi University, Karachi 75270, Pakistan

Abstract: A tragic incident occurred when a state-of-the-art submarine, named Titan, experienced a catastrophic failure during an expedition, resulting in the loss of five lives. This incident has raised significant concerns regarding the interplay between technology, marine policy, governance management, and law in ensuring the safety of underwater exploration. This incident serves as a tragic reminder of the inherent risks associated with exploring the ocean's depths and highlights the complex interplay between technology, marine policy, and law. It underscores the need for continuous improvement in technology, regular review of marine policies, and the evolution of legal frameworks to adapt to emerging challenges. The lessons learned from this incident should be used as a catalyst for ensuring safer underwater exploration, protecting human life, and preserving the delicate marine ecosystems in the pursuit of scientific and technological advancement. The research methodology employed for this study involves a comprehensive analysis of the Titan Submarine incident.

Keywords: Titan Submarine; governance management; marine policy; technology; law.

DOI: 10.1504/MEJM.2026.155084

Middle East Journal of Management, 2026 Vol.13 No.4, pp.463 - 477

Received: 23 Aug 2023
Accepted: 07 Oct 2023
Published online: 27 Jul 2026 *

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