Title: A systematic review of the impact of distance learning technologies in language classes on students' motivation (2020-2023)

Authors: Ekaterina Voronina; Anne Yates; Linda Hogg

Addresses: Faculty of Education Level 8, Victoria University of Wellington, Murphy Building, Kelburn Parade, Kelburn, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand ' Faculty of Education Level 8, Victoria University of Wellington, Murphy Building, Kelburn Parade, Kelburn, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand ' Faculty of Education Level 8, Victoria University of Wellington, Murphy Building, Kelburn Parade, Kelburn, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand

Abstract: Distance learning (DL) technologies in education proliferated worldwide with the onset of COVID-19, contributing to a need for knowledge about how to effectively use them. Because motivation has a key role in learning, this systematic literature review investigated how DL technologies currently used for language teaching influenced students' motivation. Research papers selected for review were published between 2020 and 2023. Mixed findings pointed to the influence of student and environmental factors as well as DL design features, including teacher actions. Half of the studies reported that studying online led to decreased motivation for language learners, which was linked to the nature of teacher-student interaction in asynchronous classes. We provide recommendations for future research, including reporting on how motivation is conceptualised and details of DL technologies, to enable analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and so that new knowledge can better inform how language teachers integrate and use modern DL technologies.

Keywords: distance learning; DL; distance learning technology; language learners; motivation; world language learners; teacher-student interaction; feedback; synchronous; asynchronous; blended.

DOI: 10.1504/IJLT.2026.154934

International Journal of Learning Technology, 2026 Vol.21 No.2, pp.145 - 165

Received: 08 Nov 2023
Accepted: 10 Jun 2024
Published online: 20 Jul 2026 *

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