Article: Enhancing healthcare performance through robots: what does it signify for the upcoming future? Journal: International Journal of Services Operations and Informatics (IJSOI) 2025 Vol.13 No.2/3/4 pp.292 - 309 Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) combined with robotics is quickly changing the modern surgical practice with a more precise, efficient, and improved patient outcome. This paper shows a methodical literature review to incorporate the current research on AI-enabled robotic surgery to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and the theory-context-characteristics-methodology (TCCM) framework. Relevant studies published within the period 2018 and 2025 were found as the result of a comprehensive search conducted in four large databases. The conclusions indicate high levels of technological development and lack of theoretical basis, local and restricted clinical as well as geographical area coverage, as well as a high dependency of the study on retrospective studies. Some of the foundational challenges as detected are an expensive implementation process, education training, a moral government, and fairness of access. The review identifies a necessity of stricter theory-focused, more diversified and context-inclusive studies that would help adoption of AI-assisted robotic surgery to be evidence-based and excusable. Inderscience Publishers - linking academia, business and industry through research

Title: Enhancing healthcare performance through robots: what does it signify for the upcoming future?

Authors: Seema Kaloria; Indrajit Ghosal; Subir Verma; Ritam Rajak

Addresses: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Poornima University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302022, India ' Department of Management, Brainware University, Barasat, West Bengal, 700125, India ' Fore School of Management, New Delhi, 110016, India ' Department of CSE – (AI&ML), Moodlkatte Institute of Technology, Kundapura, Karnataka, 576217, India

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) combined with robotics is quickly changing the modern surgical practice with a more precise, efficient, and improved patient outcome. This paper shows a methodical literature review to incorporate the current research on AI-enabled robotic surgery to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and the theory-context-characteristics-methodology (TCCM) framework. Relevant studies published within the period 2018 and 2025 were found as the result of a comprehensive search conducted in four large databases. The conclusions indicate high levels of technological development and lack of theoretical basis, local and restricted clinical as well as geographical area coverage, as well as a high dependency of the study on retrospective studies. Some of the foundational challenges as detected are an expensive implementation process, education training, a moral government, and fairness of access. The review identifies a necessity of stricter theory-focused, more diversified and context-inclusive studies that would help adoption of AI-assisted robotic surgery to be evidence-based and excusable.

Keywords: robotics; AI; artificial intelligence; surgery; healthcare; systematic review; TCCM; theory-context-characteristics-methodology; automation; ethics; performance.

DOI: 10.1504/IJSOI.2025.152352

International Journal of Services Operations and Informatics, 2025 Vol.13 No.2/3/4, pp.292 - 309

Received: 08 Nov 2024
Accepted: 13 Nov 2025
Published online: 16 Mar 2026 *

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Title: Enhancing healthcare performance through robots: what does it signify for the upcoming future?

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