Title: The impact of 4C skills and technology use on senior high school students' achievement: a PLS-SEM approach

Authors: Muhammad Aizri Fadillah; Sahyar; Yul Ifda Tanjung; Usmeldi; Muhammad Fazlan Akbar

Addresses: Department of Science Education, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, West Sumatra 25171, Indonesia ' Department of Physics Education, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan, North Sumatra 20221, Indonesia ' Department of Physics Education, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan, North Sumatra 20221, Indonesia ' Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, West Sumatra 25171, Indonesia ' Faculty of Social Sciences, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan, North Sumatra 20221, Indonesia

Abstract: The present study aims to elucidate the factors contributing to student achievement in senior high schools in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The research method entailed collecting data by distributing an online questionnaire to two regional schools. The sample was selected using convenience sampling, and 179 valid responses were subjected to analysis. The relationship between critical, creative, collaborative, and communicative thinking (4C) skills and the mediating role of technology in learning on student achievement was analysed using PLS-SEM. The results demonstrate that critical thinking and communication skills positively correlate with student achievement; however, not all 4C factors correlate directly. Technology in learning is an essential mediator in the relationship between communication and student achievement. This research provides insight into the importance of developing more effective learning strategies, particularly at the senior high school level, by considering the role of the 4C skills and technology integration in learning.

Keywords: 4C skills; technology; learning; senior high school; PLS-SEM.

DOI: 10.1504/IJTEL.2026.150526

International Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning, 2026 Vol.18 No.1, pp.81 - 103

Received: 17 Jul 2024
Accepted: 31 Oct 2024
Published online: 16 Dec 2025 *

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