Title: Joyful learning with augmented reality integration in an outer space learning book: fostering students' visualisation thinking

Authors: Yohana Ayu Kristanti; Alfyananda Kurnia Putra; Noor Azean Atan

Addresses: Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia; Department of Educational Multimedia, Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia ' Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia; Department of Educational Multimedia, Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia ' Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia; Department of Educational Multimedia, Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia

Abstract: This study examines the use of augmented reality (AR) technology in geography education, focusing on the solar system, to enhance learning experiences in the 21st century. The goal is to develop an AR-based outer space learning book using the joyful learning approach to improve students' visualisation thinking skills. The research, involving 36 students, utilised a quasi-experimental design with tools like expert validation sheets and assessments rubrics based on the continuum visualisation thinking framework. Data analysis involved inferential statistics, including ANOVA and paired t-tests. Results showed significant improvements in students' visualisation thinking and performance, with enhanced pre-and post-test scores. Student feedback was positive, indicating increased engagement and curiosity. The integration of AR and joyful learning in geography education significantly benefits student visualisation skills and performance.

Keywords: geography learning media; augmented reality; joyful learning; visualisation thinking continuum.

DOI: 10.1504/IJLT.2025.149288

International Journal of Learning Technology, 2025 Vol.20 No.3, pp.266 - 293

Received: 04 Oct 2023
Accepted: 29 Nov 2023
Published online: 22 Oct 2025 *

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