J. for Global Business Advancement (12 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• THE FINANCIAL CRISES AND THE STABILITY OF THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM: A COMPARISON OF DEVELOPED AND LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES  
  by Halil Kaya 
  Abstract: This study examines the impact of the 2008 global crisis on the stability of high-income, middle-income and low-income countries financial systems. During the run-up to the crisis, there were no warning signs. During the crisis, banks non-performing loans significantly increased in high-income OECD and middle-income countries, but not in high-income non-OECD and low-income countries. The liquid assets of the high-income non-OECD countries decreased significantly. Interestingly, none of the low-income countries stability measures changed significantly. After the crisis, bank capital and regulatory capital increased significantly in high-income OECD countries and regulatory capital increased significantly in high-income non-OECD and middle-income countries. Overall, the results indicate that the impact of the crisis was more persistent in high-income OECD and middle-income countries. Our results also show that government reactions differed by countries income groups.
  Keywords: financial system; stability; global crisis; financial crisis; bank credit; bank capital; regulatory capital; liquid assets; z-score; non-performing loans.
  
  
• The relationship between internationalisation strategies and human capital in Brazilian companies  
  by Mara Mataveli, Juan Carlos Ayala, Alfonso J. Gil 
  Abstract: This paper aims to investigate the relationship between the internationalisation strategies of Brazilian companies, especially the entry strategies in international markets, and human capital. These strategies are compared with the human capital - general and specific, of companies. A sample of 318 statistically significant companies was collected from Brazilian exporting companies. First, a descriptive analysis is carried out and, second, an analysis of variance to find out possible significant differences between the strategies for entering foreign trade and exporting companies' human capital. It is found that the most frequent internationalization strategy of companies is exporting both through direct export and third-party export. The rest of the strategies that are proposed are significantly less frequent. There are no significant differences between exports through third parties and general and specific human capital, nor are there significant differences between direct exports and general human capital. Statistically, significant differences are found in the rest of the strategies. This paper analyses the relationship between entry strategies to foreign trade and human capital in an emerging country like Brazil. It shows that export is the most frequent entry strategy in foreign markets. Besides, it confirms the scope of human capital in export behaviour.
  Keywords: internationalisation strategy; human capital; exports; emerging economies; Brazil.
  
  
• Determinants of the budgetary transparency of public finance in Thailand's educational sector  
  by Prakaydao Krissadee, Pairote Pathranarakul 
  Abstract: Public spending on education in Thailand has been beset by a string of corruption charges in recent years. Budgetary transparency can improve the quality of governance and accountability in public spending. This paper examines determinants of budget transparency in public finance in Thailand's education sector, with a focus on four areas specified in the International Monetary Fund's fiscal code: fiscal reporting, forecasting, and budgeting, fiscal risk analysis and management, and resource revenue management. Questionnaire data were gathered from officials of the Thai Ministry of Education working on budgeting processes. Results showed that transparency is established through 10 key determinants: efficient use of technology, timely reporting, early commencement of the budgeting process, democratic decision-making in budget allocation, objective review of budget performance, quality of revenue resource management, effective anticorruption measures, effective stakeholder engagement in the budgeting process, quality of governance, and accountability. Fiscal transparency in Thailand is below average compared to other nations, though progress has been made on fiscal reporting and fiscal forecasting and management.
  Keywords: budgetary/fiscal transparency; budgeting process; public finance; determinants; transparency dimensions; governance.
  DOI: 10.1504/JGBA.2022.10051794
   
  
• Accessibility of financial information on the official websites of ASEAN countries  
  by Indrawati Yuhertiana, Lukman Arif, Fajar Saiful Akbar 
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the presence of government reporting on financial information on 10 websites of countries belonging to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The study is performed by elaborating the type of information and characteristic information regarding the budgets and financial information of these countries. It is found that the financial information disclosed via the internet differs among these countries. This study use official government website homepage to explore the accessibility of financial government information. There are 30 websites observed from 10 ASEAN members. In each countries, there are three websites that related with government financial information are observed, i.e. official government website, ministry of finance website and national government auditor website. The website observation period was carried out for 50 days. Transparency, as the heart of the public sector accounting reform, of these countries is not at the same level and the accessibility of internet financial reporting on the websites of ASEAN members at the state level is still low. Therefore, this study highlights that accurate, detailed and timely information on the official government websites can boost the increase of the transparency level, which helps people with better quality decision-making in the new era of Industry 4.0.
  Keywords: government financial reporting; transparency; ASEAN.
  
  
• Drivers of green tourism behaviour: examining cognitive, social, and behavioural perspectives among Gen Z  
  by Vuong-Bach Vo, Huu Dat Van, Thu-Phuong Tran, Tuong-Vy Ngoc Vo 
  Abstract: This study investigates the factors influencing Gen Z’s intention towards green tourism services in Vietnam, integrating the Theory of Planned Behaviour and Social Cognitive Theory. A quantitative research approach was employed, utilizing a questionnaire survey to collect data from 310 Gen Z respondents with experience or understanding of green tourism. The study categorizes influencing factors into three perspectives: cognitive perspective, social perspective, and behavioural perspective. The findings indicate that self-environmental awareness, attitude toward green tourism, self-efficacy, and green destination services significantly impact the intention to use green tourism, which, in turn, drives actual green tourism behaviour. However, social media and green marketing were found to be statistically insignificant in shaping these intentions. The study underscores the key role of eco-consciousness, behavioral control, and strategic communication in advancing sustainable tourism, offering practical guidance for policymakers and stakeholders in Vietnam and other developing countries.
  Keywords: self-environmental awareness; attitude; green marketing; social Media; self-efficacy; destination green services; green tourism behaviour.
  DOI: 10.1504/JGBA.2025.10075280
   
  
• Adaptation strategies for enhancing global competitive advantage of ceramic industry in Thailand  
  by Thidarat Ngamsuwat, Porntip Shoommuangpak, Thanin Silpcharu 
  Abstract: The ceramic industry comprises qualified businesses recognised for their regional and global competitive competencies. Hence, the research objective is to simulate structural equation modelling of adaptation strategies for enhancing global competitive advantage of the ceramic industry in Thailand. Qualitative and quantitative analyses are implemented to interpret 500 questionnaires from ceramic enterprises. The research outcomes are organised by category. Concerning resource management, a leader has the vision and mission to drive the business globally, including market orientation element, high efficiency, and accuracy in product shipping. For knowledge management, the team learning encouragement must focus on unity and group-work problem-solving. Production technology and innovation are the lean manufacturing methods to facilitate cost savings. The perceived value of the adaptation strategy to promote the global competitive advantage in small-, medium-, and large-scale ceramic businesses was not significantly different at the 0.05 level. The SEM analysis passed the evaluation criteria with the empirical data.
  Keywords: adaptation strategy; ceramic industry; global competitive advantage; knowledge management; market orientation; production technology and innovation; resource management; structural equation modelling.
  DOI: 10.1504/JGBA.2022.10058624
   
  
• Organisational-directed vs. individual-directed citizenship behaviours: unravelling the differential effects of public service motivation dimensions in a transitional context  
  by Thi Quynh Trang Nguyen, Tri D. Le, Tho Alang 
  Abstract: This study examines the influence of public service motivation (PSM) dimensions on organisational citizenship behaviours (OCB) in Vietnamese public organisations transitioning from a communist regime. Utilising partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) analysis of data from 636 public employees, the findings indicate that attraction to public service and commitment to public values predict organisational-directed OCB (OCBO). In contrast, compassion predicts individual-directed OCB (OCBI). Notably, self-sacrifice correlates with both types of OCB, highlighting its foundational role in PSM. Furthermore, the study underscores that promoting public service values is more effective in fostering OCBO than relying solely on inherent public service attraction or individuals' tendency toward self-sacrifice. These results, complemented by analyses across demographic groups, provide valuable insights for human resources and public administration scholars, offering practical strategies to cultivate diverse forms of OCB within Vietnam's public sector.
  Keywords: PSM; public service motivation; public service attraction; public values commitment; compassion; self-sacrifice; OCB; organisational citizenship behaviours; transitional country; Vietnam.
  DOI: 10.1504/JGBA.2025.10070118
   
  
• Effect of earnings smoothness on Indian IT industry  
  by Shikhil Munjal, Gurcharan Singh 
  Abstract: The aim of this study is to empirically examine the impact of earnings smoothness on the IT industry of India. India is one of the promising markets in the world and an examination is needed to justify the institutional and accounting structures of the country. Earnings quality can be measured by different indicators like accrual quality, smoothness, persistence and predictability, etc. To measure the performance of National Stock Exchange listed IT companies of India, the study used earnings smoothness as an indicator of earnings quality. For firms' operational performance, return on assets (ROAs), and for market performance, Tobin's Q is considered. The results found that earnings smoothness does not affect the company's operational performance, i.e., ROA and market performance, i.e., Tobin's Q significantly. These results are consistent with the study conducted by Yandiarti (2013) and Retnowati (2011) and are contrary to the study done by Mahmod et al. (2009).
  Keywords: earnings quality; earnings smoothness; National Stock Exchange; return on asset; Tobin's Q; operational performance; market performance.
  DOI: 10.1504/JGBA.2025.10075342
   
  
• Efficiency in higher education: a contextual framework and relevant issues based on review of literature  
  by Sarbjeet Kaur 
  Abstract: This paper aims to provide an overview of the literature regarding the efficiency of higher education institutions. This paper presents a scheme that identifies the gaps in the literature and proposes future research directions. It also summarises and reviews previously reported useful resources, such as inputs and outputs, as well as other important related variables, such as methodology in the field of efficiency in higher education institutions. Furthermore, it analyses papers that reported efficiency of universities employing data envelopment analysis (DEA) methodology. Various studies from developed countries have reported efficiency in higher education institutions. This paper presents an inclusive literature review and analysis of efficiency in higher education institutions. It might be a supportive source for researchers and academicians who ought to understand the importance of efficiency in higher education organisations and conduct further research. It also provides important information regarding the key indicators of input and output for researchers.
  Keywords: efficiency; inputs; outputs; DEA; data envelopment analysis; funnel; literature; higher education institutions; resources.
  
  
• Jordanian banks' perceptions of customer relationship management: a TAM-based investigation  
  by Ghazi Alkhatib, Muneer Abbad, Faten Jaber 
  Abstract: The main objective of this research is to investigate Jordanian banks' perception and acceptance of customer relationship management (CRM) based on technology acceptance model (TAM). First, five external variables are added to the TAM framework, namely subjective norms (SN), computer experience, training, self-efficacy and top management support. In the second step, the developed model is validated using: Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy, rotated component matrix and regression and correlation analysis. Statistical analysis revealed the importance of all factors in the study other than SN. Future research will explore using TAM extensions and structural equation modelling.
  Keywords: CRM; customer relationship management; TAM; technology acceptance model; Jordanian banks.
  
  
• Assessing the impact of psychological commitment to team on Indian premier league attendees' cognitive, affective and behavioural outcomes  
  by Jaskirat Singh Rai, Apar Singh 
  Abstract: Consumer loyalty has always been an important tool for organisations to measure consumers' behavioural outcomes. In sport sponsorship, it is essential to assess sport fans' commitment towards the team and its sponsors. In this study, two teams have been taken, Kings Eleven Punjab (KXIP) and Royal Challenger Bangalore (RCB) of the Indian Premier League (IPL), with their two sponsors (HTC and Kingfisher and Gionee and Kingfisher) to measure the impact of attendees' psychological commitment to the team on their cognitive (product knowledge), affective (attitude toward sponsor) and behavioural (purchase intention) outcomes as well as the impact of the three outcomes on one another. The study found a positive impact of attendees' team commitment on their cognitive (product knowledge) and affective (attitude toward the sponsor brand) outcomes, but a negative correlation with their behaviour (purchase intention) outcomes for both the teams and their sponsors. The study also found a positive association between the attendees' product knowledge, attitude toward sponsor brands and their purchase intentions. After examining actual sponsors, this study provides useful insights for managers that can influence the outcomes of attendees' using sports sponsorship.
  Keywords: PCT; psychological commitment to team; product knowledge; attitude toward sponsor; purchase intention; sports sponsorship; SEM; structural equation modelling.
  
  

Special Issue on: International Business and Finance in the Information and Digital Age

• Corporate social responsibility for potential resource acquisition An empirical evidence in Vietnam  
  by Hong Thu Nguyen, Van Chien Nguyen, Thu Thuy Nguyen 
  Abstract: Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has greatly contributed to the business performance in both developed and emerging economies. This study focused on CSR related to business organisation image, employees respect, satisfaction, especially remuneration policy, and evaluating their effects on potential resource acquisition in the businesses. To conduct this, a data sample of 524 respondents at 13 universities in six Vietnamese provinces has been selected. Results demonstrate that CSR related to business organisation image can positively affect potential resource acquisition. A higher level in CSR related to employees respect can positively promote a greater potential resource acquisition. In addition, CSR related to employees remuneration policy has greatly impacted on potential resource acquisition.
  Keywords: CSR; business; resource acquisition.