Forthcoming and Online First Articles

International Journal of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications

International Journal of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications (IJISTA)

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International Journal of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications (8 papers in press)

Regular Issues

  • Detection and Recognition of Vehicle License Plates Using Deep Learning in Challenging Conditions, A Systematic Review   Order a copy of this article
    by Abdul Awal Quraishi, Farid Feyzi, Asadollah Shahbahrami 
    Abstract: Automatic license plate detection and recognition (ALPDR) systems are widely used in various sectors such as traffic control, toll payment, parking systems, border control, and law enforcement. However, these systems face challenges in complex scenarios such as different license plate formats, poor lighting or occlusion, and deliberate manipulation. To address these challenges, researchers have developed various methods. The first set of challenges involves natural conditions like varying light, snow, rain, fog, and dust. The second set includes environmental factors such as camera angle, occlusion, distortion, contrast issues in images, noise interference, dirt on camera lenses, and camera distance from the scene. The third challenge is related to multinational license plate variations in terms of formats, colours, sizes, fonts, and characters. Lastly, adversarial attacks pose a threat through rotation, noise addition or distortion to license plates. This study reviews recent literature on ALPDR systems and proposes guidelines for future research.
    Keywords: automatic license plate detection and recognition; ALPDR; deep learning; DL; character segmentation; character recognition; environmental challenges; multinational challenges; adversarial attacks.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJISTA.2024.10061107
     
  • Design of Artificial Pancreas based on Adaptive Controller with Wild Goat Optimization Algorithm   Order a copy of this article
    by Girija Sankr Panigrahi, Akshaya Kumar Patra, Anuja Nanda, Samjeeb Kar 
    Abstract: The design of wild goat optimisation algorithm-variable parameter tilt integral derivative with filter (WGOA-VPTIDF) controller for injecting the optimal dose of insulin through the artificial pancreases (AP) for blood glucose (BG) regulation in type-I diabetes mellitus (TIDM) patients is presented in this manuscript. The wild goat optimisation technique is used to optimise the controller parameters for better control execution in this strategy. MATLAB and Simulink are used to evaluate the WGOA-VPTIDF controller's productivity in terms of accuracy, robustness and stability. The obtained results show that the WGOA-VPTIDF controller is more effective at keeping blood sugar levels in the normal range (70120 mg/dl). The relative result analysis with other well-known control techniques reveals the reason of improved control execution of the proposed controller.
    Keywords: pancreas; insulin; blood; WGOA-VPTIDF controller; diabetes.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJISTA.2024.10061310
     
  • Novel Routing Techniques Based on Ant Colony Optimization for Static and Dynamic Internet of Things Network   Order a copy of this article
    by Anukriti Sharma, Sharad Sharma, Dushyant Gupta 
    Abstract: In this paper, two meta-heuristic approaches have been optimised using swarm intelligence (SI) optimisation technique. The method comprises computation of shortest path of both, static and dynamic internet of things (IoT) network using world’s best algorithms, namely, breadth first search and Dijkstra algorithm. Further, the determined route has been optimised using ant colony optimisation. The issue of route selection to reach the destination, as well as parameters such as network energy, departed node count, residual energy of IoT nodes, and critical points of IoT nodes have been explored using proposed smart routing techniques. The two unique routing approaches have been simulated with rigorous iteration run, i = 2,000. The proposed methods, ABMS technique and ABMD technique has been simulated using MATLAB. After comparing efficiency between both techniques, ABMS method outperforms the ABMD routing technique for IoT network. A significant energy savings has been reported, extending network lifetime of a static IoT network scenario.
    Keywords: intelligent systems; swarm intelligence; ant colony optimisation; internet of things; IoT.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJISTA.2024.10061351
     
  • Hybrid group formation simulation based on deep reinforcement learning   Order a copy of this article
    by Nahid Salehi, Hossein Mahvash Mohammadi, Mankyu Sung 
    Abstract: A group formation problem is defined as the simulation of groups of agents, moving without collision while forming a specific shape. The development of this type of problem is usually done using velocity-based or deep-reinforcement learning methods. In velocity-based methods, it is possible to create complex environments with more realistic behaviours of the agents in the environment. However, the computational complexity and inflexibility in changing the formation are among the leading challenges. Using velocity-based and deep reinforcement learning techniques, agents learn to have a collision-free motion in the desired formations. The proposed algorithm, we called DGB DRL, takes advantage of a hybrid method by combining the two approaches as a formation control algorithm. The evaluation results of the proposed method show an improvement in reducing computational complexity and increasing flexibility in complex environments.
    Keywords: multi-agent simulation; deep reinforcement learning; DRL; discretionary group behaviour; group formation; velocity-based avoidance methods.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJISTA.2024.10061624
     
  • Toward Arabic Social Networks unmasking Toxicity using machine learning and deep learning models   Order a copy of this article
    by Anis Mezghani Mezghani, Mohamed Elleuch, Saloua Gasmi, Mongi Kherallah 
    Abstract: With the rapid expansion of social media usage, the issue of racism has gained momentum, leading to an increased prevalence of racist discussions. Despite the efforts made by international organisations and prominent social media platforms like Twitter and Facebook to combat racism, it persists as a real-world problem. Consequently, a multitude of researchers are now directing their attention towards the detection of hate speech and racism on social media, particularly in the context of the Arabic language. We therefore propose the creation of an intelligent system for detecting and classifying toxic comments in Tunisian dialect using deep learning and machine learning models. Specifically, we use LR, linear SVC, SVM and BLSTM. This analysis has been performed using the potent technique for text analysis named NLP. The best performances were provided by combining BLSTM and SVM models with an accuracy of 99.83% for binary classification and 98.42% for ternary classification.
    Keywords: racism; Arabic content; social media; natural language processing; NLP; machine learning; deep learning.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJISTA.2024.10061713
     
  • Yolov5-based Convolutional Feature Attention Neural Network for Plant Disease Classification   Order a copy of this article
    by Jameer Gulab Kotwal, Ramgopal Kashyap, Pathan Mohd. Shafi 
    Abstract: This article employs pre-processing feature extraction and classification to identify plant diseases. Pre-processing involves rescaling, contrast enhancement and filtering based on a bilateral new fast filter (BNFF). Rescaling and contrast enhancement improve contrast, and a bilateral new quick filter filters the image without degrading the image quality. Feature extraction and classification are performed using a hybrid classification network, the Yolov5-based convolutional feature attention network (Yolov5-CFAN). YOLO V5 determines the diseased portion, and CFAN is used to perform feature extraction from the detected portion and image classification. The experimental results section compares existing models to the proposed model using accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, and F1-score. The proposed model attained an accuracy of 99.55%, a precision of 97.55%, a specificity of 99.99% and a sensitivity of 97.5%. The research also trained the suggested model to recognise early, healthy, and late blight.
    Keywords: contrast features; spatial domain; denoising; overfitting; attention layer; feature map.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJISTA.2024.10062157
     
  • A Novel Framework of Video Condensation and Video Retrieval Process using Hybrid Meta-Heuristic Development with Yolo-based Anomaly Detection   Order a copy of this article
    by Suhan Das, Santhosh Kumar G 
    Abstract: Visual surveillance systems have presently got the attention of various researchers. Anomaly detection is considered as a challenging g issue that reduces the accuracy rate in the video retrieval system with the video surveillance data. To resolve this, a novel method is proposed for the video condensation and retrieval model. The extracted frames are given as input to the YoloV5 model, where the anomalies objects are detected. Here, the condensed video is retrieved using anomaly aware EOHLO-DGRU-MSF (AA-EOHLO-DGRU-MSF). Then, the parameters in DenseNet and GRU are optimised by using equilibrium optimiser-assisted hybrid leader optimisation (EOHLO) algorithm for attaining optimal results. Finally, the multi-similarity function (MSF) between the features in the database and query video is considered. Finally, the performance is evaluated and measured with diverse metrics. Contrary to other approaches, the proposed work outperforms the detection of video and retrieval of video.
    Keywords: video condensation; video retrieval; anomaly detection; DenseNet; gated recurrent unit; equilibrium optimiser assisted hybrid leader optimisation; YOLOv5 model; multi-similarity function; MSF.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJISTA.2024.10062805
     
  • Adaptive semi-supervised facial expression recognition method based on improved ResNet50   Order a copy of this article
    by Zeqiang Lin, Siwen Wang 
    Abstract: This study addresses the limitations of single convolutional neural networks in deep learning, which struggle with inadequate extraction of features from imbalanced expression labels and exhibit recognition errors when subjected to disturbances. The proposed solution introduces an adaptive semi-supervised facial expression recognition model. This model adeptly extracts expression features from unbalanced datasets, mitigates overfitting, and thus enhances overall expression recognition accuracy. By incorporating a self-attention mechanism, optimising convolutional kernels, and introducing replacement activation functions within the ResNet50 network, both computational efficiency and feature extraction are significantly improved. Moreover, the application of the adaptive semi-supervised method within training refines the accuracy of the model and prevents overfitting, thereby bolstering its robustness. Experimental findings indicate that the adaptive semi-supervised network, based on the enhanced ResNet50, achieves recognition rates of 73% and 99.57% on the FER2013 and JAFFE facial expression datasets, respectively. Comparative analysis with traditional single convolutional neural networks like ResNet18, VGG16, and VGG19, as well as optimised networks like IL-CNN, reveals an overall accuracy improvement of 27% and 14%, respectively.
    Keywords: semi-supervised learning; expression recognition; residual networks; adaptive methods; convolution kernel.
    DOI: 10.1504/IJISTA.2024.10062993