International Journal of Sustainable Development (10 papers in press)

Regular Issues

• Construction and practice of BOPPPS + hybrid teaching mode supported by 5G smart classroom  
  by Su Song, Yiuchi Lai 
  Abstract: Education is a key tool to help college students develop a correct world outlook, as well as an outlook on life and values, and the fundamental responsibility of teachers is to help them realise this and put it into practice. However, the politics and ideology of the traditional classroom have been unable to keep up with the requirements of the times, so a new teaching method is needed. In the information age, the educational environment and teaching materials are undergoing major changes, the next standard of teaching will be an intelligent learning environment with individualised courses, and BOPPPS + blended provides creative suggestions for intelligent education. This paper used the framework of the BOPPPS+ blended teaching model three-level, six-ring and four-point. The use of the BOPPPS + blended teaching mode for ideological and political learning was conducive to improving students learning efficiency.
  Keywords: BOPPPS + hybrid; 5G smart classroom; teaching mode; intelligent learning.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSD.2024.10066275
   
  
• Unveiling poverty patterns: a multimodal approach using textual and visual data in Madhya Pradesh  
  by Pragati Khare, Dipti Jadhav 
  Abstract: In order to effectively address the poverty issue in regions like Madhya Pradesh, India, which have diverse socio-economic conditions, combining textual and visual data acts as a promising technique for accurate poverty prediction and understanding. This paper presents a detailed study that combines textual details and visual indications to corroborate poverty indicators in Madhya Pradesh. Deriving from various data sources, including district-level textual data comprising demographic details and socio-economic and infrastructural indicators, and satellite images capturing both poor and economically developed areas, our research uses advanced feature engineering and extraction techniques to find the meaningful insights. Feature engineering presents a diverse range of derived features, including economic activity, living conditions, and environmental sustainability indices, each providing a view point on the poverty conditions. Our study also highlights the limitations of isolated data usage, underlining the necessity of an integrated approach for accurate poverty prediction. The textual and visual data integration is achieved through a multimodal analysis, wherein textual details are merged with visual features extracted using the VGG16 model for feature extraction.
  Keywords: poverty prediction; textual data; visual data; multimodal analysis; feature extraction; socio-economic indicators; exploratory data analysis; predictive modelling.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSD.2025.10069595
   
  
• Reducing CO2 emissions in Africa: does governance matter?  
  by Fanougbo Avoce Viagannou, Dramane Abdoulaye 
  Abstract: This paper aims to analyse the effects of governance on CO2 emissions in Africa. For this purpose, 43 African countries were considered over the period 20002020. After performing principal component analysis and unit root and panel cointegration tests, the estimates of the long-term relationships between CO2 emissions and the governance variables and then those of the control variables are made via the FMOLS and DOLS methods. The results show that in the long term, general governance, from unconditional and conditional effects through trade, induces net negative effects on CO2 emissions. The analysis by groups of countries reveals that the net negative effect due to general governance is more pronounced in middle-income countries (4.99) than in low-income countries (0.07). Therefore, it appears necessary to reduce emissions to strengthen all governance indicators or general governance.
  Keywords: CO2 emissions; governance; Africa.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSD.2025.10069976
   
  
• The Impact of full/productive employment and decent work in achieving sustainable development goals: a study on United Nations member states  
  by Sergen Gürsoy, Nuri Çeliker, Ali Osman Uymaz, Serdar Arslan 
  Abstract: This study examines the connection between in-work poverty, worker rights, unemployment rates, education, working hours, labour productivity, and sustainable development goals within the context of full and decent employment. Data from three databases (the Sustainable Development Goals Index, World Justice Project Data, and ILO reports) covering 111 countries were analysed using a hybrid methodology that combined PLS-SEM and fsQCA. The findings indicate that working time, youth unemployment, and in-work poverty impede sustainable development goals, while fundamental labour rights have a positive relationship with them. The most effective way to achieve these goals is by reducing the number of working poor. The study has identified various facilitating and hindering factors for accomplishing sustainable development goals.
  Keywords: sustainable development goals; decent work; in-work poverty; basic employee rights; unemployment rate; labour productivity.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSD.2025.10070233
   
  
• Tourist travel decision-making in response to climate events: the case of the French West Indies  
  by Eric Kamwa 
  Abstract: This paper examines the relationship between environmental, situational factors and the decision-making processes of tourists in the French West Indies. Using field survey data and a multinomial logistic regression we assess the impact of climatic events on tourists' choice of travel dates and destinations. Our results highlight the importance of visit frequency, accommodation type, age, and income in shaping travel decision-making. First-time visitors, younger individuals, and those staying in hotels are more likely to change their destination, while older individuals, those staying with family or friends, and higher-income earners are more likely to stick to their plans or adjust their travel dates. These findings provide valuable insights for travel planners and policymakers aiming to understand and cater to the diverse preferences and constraints of travelers. Our findings highlight the need to develop tailored strategies to meet the needs of tourists in order to promote a resilient and sustainable tourism sector.
  Keywords: tourist decision-making; climate events; French West Indies; tourism management; resilience.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSD.2025.10071202
   
  
• A bibliometric analysis showing trends and patterns in sustainable food consumption  
  by Pooja Garg, Anu Kohar, Harbhajan Bansal 
  Abstract: Sustainable food consumption is an important part of creating a sustainable future. However, changing people's attitudes about food can be challenging. So, the current study conducts a bibliographic analysis of scientific studies to determine the research trend and research gap for sustainable food consumption. The 1421 literature is retrieved from the Scopus database (2013-2024 March) with the keywords "Sustainable" OR "Green" AND "Food Consumption", after limiting the subject area, language, and article types. In the study, R- studio (version 4.3.2) - Biblioshiny, VosViewer and Microsoft Excel are used to analyze and visualize the data. The analysis highlights the growing interest in sustainable food consumption research, with a rise in publications and international collaboration. This knowledge helps marketers understand consumer priorities, behaviors, and concerns about sustainable food choices. The study is crucial for identifying research trends, gaps, and promising future research fields.
  Keywords: bibliometric analysis; sustainability; consumption; food; Scopus.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSD.2025.10072856
   
  
• Think sustainable: educate valuably develop strategically lead participatively: Saudi Arabia vision 2030 case study  
  by Maria Saadeh 
  Abstract: Sustainable development has become a trendy catchphrase, but its meaning re-mains unclear to many. Meanwhile, countries are competing to rank highly in its implementation, however reviewing mid-way of SDG Path reflects the indicators point to obstacles in achieving the desired values is spiralling out of control. Furthermore, The TBL strategy which broadens the business success to environmental health and social well-being, has failed because financial profit continues governs public benefit. This paper analyses the obstacles hindering the achievement of SDGs. It identifies the conflict between existing systems, which have become obsolete, and the urgent need for new systems suited to future societies. Adopting additional values is necessary to guarantee the sustain-able development process. Sustainable mindset and sustainable peace are new terms to adopt for building a sustainable state where sustainability be-come a power not a trend... Saudi Arabia Vision 2030 is a case study.
  Keywords: sustainable development; think sustainable; sustainable mindset; sustainable peace; sustainable state; Saudi Arabia Vision 2030; Saudi Arabia.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSD.2025.10073940
   
  
• Changes in development positions of EU countries: sustainable development and standard of living (20152021)  
  by Aleksandra Łuczak, Klara Cermakova, S?awomir Kalinowski, Eduard Hromada 
  Abstract: This study examined sustainable development and living standards in EU countries between 20152021 using a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making method (MP-TOPSIS) with Eurostat data. Two main goals were set: 1) to evaluate shifts in EU countries positions; 2) to identify key factors shaping the relationship between sustainability and living standards. Results showed substantial variation across countries but a general upward trend in both dimensions. The analysis revealed that higher levels of sustainable development often correlate with improved social outcomes, echoing ONeill et al. (2015), who found that countries like Denmark and Romania perform better on equality and health when resource flows are stable. Yet, many states exceed global ecological limits, highlighting the EUs challenge of coupling social progress with reduced resource use. The findings emphasise the importance of aligning sustainable development with ecological boundaries to ensure long-term resilience.
  Keywords: sustainable development; quality of life; EU countries; development positions; modified positional TOPSIS.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSD.2025.10074266
   
  
• Systematic review of Sustainable Development Goal 4 and related policies. A global approach  
  by Naresh Jadeja, Sanjeet Singh 
  Abstract: The sustainability of education is essential for developing smart and efficient generations. Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) targets the holistic development and sustainability of the education sector. While most global economies implement policies or interventions to achieve SDG 4 targets, the literature on this topic remains limited. This systematic review, based on 72 Scopus-based resources, explores and synthesises various global models and interventions of SDG 4, along with the associated challenges. This review has spotted out socio-economic, digital, infrastructural, and user-related challenges of SDG 4. Governments, policymakers, and administrators can consider the globally recognised educational models and interventions of SDG 4 for designing and executing education policies at micro levels too. Future researchers can work on policy development to ensure sustainability, sufficient funding, quality improvement, infrastructure development, and digital integration of the education sector.
  Keywords: Sustainable Development Goal 4; SDG 4; education; policy; infrastructure; digitalisation; systematic review; sustainable education.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSD.2025.10076709
   
  
• The impact of fiscal sustainability and government spending efficiency on environmental sustainability in Sub-Saharan Africa: a GMM panel-VAR approach  
  by Felicia Naatu, Simon Abendin, Stanley Dary 
  Abstract: There are few empirical studies on the impact of public finance sustainability on environmental sustainability, particularly in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. To address the gap in prior studies, this study examines the impact of fiscal sustainability and government spending efficiency on environmental sustainability in 47 SSA countries via data from 2000--2021. The study utilized the GMM-style panel VAR as the baseline method, with dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) methods used as robustness checks to the GMM-style panel VAR method. We show that (1) fiscal sustainability enhances environmental sustainability in SSA economies; (2) government spending efficiency positively influences environmental sustainability in SSA economies; (3) trade openness, foreign direct investment, international tourism, human capital development, and monetary policy promote environmental sustainability, whereas financial development hinders environmental sustainability in SSA economies; and (4) fiscal sustainability and government spending efficiency have predictive power for environmental sustainability in SSA countries. The findings of this study suggest that policymakers should equally prioritize fiscal sustainability and government expenditure efficiency when formulating environmentally sustainable policies.
  Keywords: fiscal sustainability; government spending; environmental sustainability; GMM; Sub-Saharan Africa; SSA.
  DOI: 10.1504/IJSD.2026.10077672