Title: A new fractal watermarking method for images of text

Authors: Kourosh Kiani; Arash Mousavi; Shahaboddin Shamshirband

Addresses: Computer and Electrical Engineering Department, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran ' Computer and Electrical Engineering Department, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran ' Department for Management of Science and Technology Development,; Faculty of Information Technology, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Abstract: A new method, using the orthogonal fractal coding is developed for fractal watermarking of high contrast, low-density images of texts. In this method, image is divided into one pixel height sub-images. Each sub-image is coded separately using the orthogonal fractal coding technique. A binary watermark is re-ordered using a chaotic sequence. The binary watermark is inserted into the range block means of fractal codes. This fractal code is further decoded to obtain the watermarked image. The watermark sequence is retrieved by comparing the original image and the watermarked code. The extracted watermark is re-ordered using the key of the chaotic sequence. The method is robust against JPEG and noise attacks and has a very low watermark visibility.

Keywords: fractal watermarking; high contrast image; text watermarking; steganography.

DOI: 10.1504/IJAIP.2019.098560

International Journal of Advanced Intelligence Paradigms, 2019 Vol.12 No.3/4, pp.207 - 219

Received: 21 Oct 2015
Accepted: 05 Jan 2016
Published online: 28 Mar 2019 *

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