Title: Energy management for battery electric vehicle with automated mechanical transmission

Authors: Teng Liu; Yuan Zou; Dexing Liu

Addresses: Beijing Collaborative and Innovative Center for Electric Vehicles and School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China ' Beijing Collaborative and Innovative Center for Electric Vehicles and School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China ' Beijing Collaborative and Innovative Center for Electric Vehicles and School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China

Abstract: This paper discusses the optimal gear-shifting of automated mechanical transmission and energy management of a battery electric vehicle (BEV). First, a control-oriented model of BEV is built, including the battery state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH) model. The energy management of BEV is formulated as a typical optimal control problem to trade off the electricity consumption and the lifetime of the battery. Secondly, the gear-shifting strategy based on dynamic programming (DP) demonstrates that the automated mechanical transmission (AMT) could reduce the electricity consumption in BEV. The simulation results show the energy management strategy derived from DP prolongs the battery life with a small penalty on electricity consumption. Finally, the total cost of electricity consumption and battery replacements is analysed to indicate the economic efficiency of the energy management strategy.

Keywords: BEVs; battery electric vehicles; AMT; automated mechanical transmission; battery SOH; state-of-health; electricity consumption; dynamic programming; optimal gear shifting; battery SOC; state-of-charge; optimal control; battery lifetime; energy management; battery replacements; economic efficiency.

DOI: 10.1504/IJVD.2016.073701

International Journal of Vehicle Design, 2016 Vol.70 No.1, pp.98 - 112

Received: 10 Jan 2015
Accepted: 03 Feb 2015
Published online: 16 Dec 2015 *

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