Article: A CFD-based evaluation of selective non-catalytic reduction of nitric oxide in iron ore grate-kiln plants Journal: Progress in Computational Fluid Dynamics, An International Journal (PCFD) 2015 Vol.15 No.1 pp.32 - 46 Abstract: The overall goal of this study is to explore the function of selective non-catalytic reduction of nitric oxide (NO) in iron ore grate-kiln plants. Computational fluid dynamics is used to model the flow and the injection of urea and cyanuric acid reagents. Temperature, residence time and inlet NO content are varied, and the effects on the reduction of NO are studied. The simulations show that the use of urea results in a higher reduction of NO within the temperature window investigated as compared to cyanuric acid; however, urea cannot be used for NO reduction over the entire range of applicable temperatures. Cyanuric acid is usable within the entire temperature range for high NO content (i.e., 300 ppm) in the flue gas, but it is not effective for low NO concentration (i.e., 150 ppm). Moreover, the simulations indicate that temperature has a larger influence on the NO reduction than the residence time. Inderscience Publishers - linking academia, business and industry through research

Title: A CFD-based evaluation of selective non-catalytic reduction of nitric oxide in iron ore grate-kiln plants

Authors: Per E.C. Burström; Dorota Antos; T. Staffan Lundström; B. Daniel Marjavaara

Addresses: Division of Fluid Mechanics, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden ' Department of Chemical Engineering and Process Control, Rzesców University of Technology, Rzeszów 35-959, al. Powstanców Warszawy 6, Poland ' Division of Fluid Mechanics, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden ' LKAB, SE-981 86 Kiruna, Sweden

Abstract: The overall goal of this study is to explore the function of selective non-catalytic reduction of nitric oxide (NO) in iron ore grate-kiln plants. Computational fluid dynamics is used to model the flow and the injection of urea and cyanuric acid reagents. Temperature, residence time and inlet NO content are varied, and the effects on the reduction of NO are studied. The simulations show that the use of urea results in a higher reduction of NO within the temperature window investigated as compared to cyanuric acid; however, urea cannot be used for NO reduction over the entire range of applicable temperatures. Cyanuric acid is usable within the entire temperature range for high NO content (i.e., 300 ppm) in the flue gas, but it is not effective for low NO concentration (i.e., 150 ppm). Moreover, the simulations indicate that temperature has a larger influence on the NO reduction than the residence time.

Keywords: NOx reduction; nitric oxides; selective non-catalytic reduction; SNCR; cyanuric acid; RAPRENOx; urea; iron ore grate-kiln plants; kinetic modelling; chemistry; CFD; simulation; injection; evaporation; decomposition; sublimation; computational fluid dynamics; temperature; residence time.

DOI: 10.1504/PCFD.2015.067327

Progress in Computational Fluid Dynamics, An International Journal, 2015 Vol.15 No.1, pp.32 - 46

Published online: 05 Feb 2015 *

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Title: A CFD-based evaluation of selective non-catalytic reduction of nitric oxide in iron ore grate-kiln plants

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