Title: The design and energy consumption of a human-powered vehicle

Authors: J.K. Raine, M.R. Amor

Addresses: University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. ' University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand

Abstract: Interest in the human-powered vehicle (HPV) in forms distinct from the bicycle has grown since the first major race for unrestricted HPVs in California in 1975, and with increasing concern over pollution of the environment by motor vehicles. This paper reports an investigation into the energy consumption of a recumbent commuter bicycle with and without aerodynamic body fairings, over various driving cycles. The evaluation of the University of Canterbury Tricanter vehicle design is first described, and the determination of its drag characteristics in three configurations is outlined. Predictions of the vehicle energy consumption given by a computer model over standard driving cycles are compared with that for a bicycle. Conclusions are drawn regarding the most energy efficient configuration of the Tricanter for commuter and touring use.

Keywords: energy consumption; modelling; human-powered vehicles; HPVs; aerodynamics; recumbent commuter bicycles; bikes; drag; vehicle design.

DOI: 10.1504/IJVD.1991.061706

International Journal of Vehicle Design, 1991 Vol.12 No.5/6, pp.630 - 643

Published online: 27 May 2014 *

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