Title: Development of electric machine duty cycles for parallel hybrid electric Beijing city bus based on Markov chain

Authors: Wen Li; Tae-Kyung Lee; Zoran S. Filipi; Xiangfeng Meng; Cheng-Ning Zhang

Addresses: National Engineering Laboratory for Electric Vehicle, Beijing Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical and Vehicular Engineering, Beijing 100081, China ' Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Michigan, 1020 W.E. Automotive Laboratory, 1231 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2133, USA ' Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Michigan, 1020 W.E. Automotive Laboratory, 1231 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2133, USA ' China Automotive Technology & Research Center, No. 218 Chenlin Road, Dongli District, Tianjin 300162, China ' National Engineering Laboratory for Electric Vehicle, Beijing Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical and Vehicular Engineering, Beijing 100081, China

Abstract: The paper represents an integrated and detailed procedure of developing representative duty cycles for evaluating the electric machine installed on parallel hybrid electric buses. First, real world bus route speed data were collected from the all-electric bus running on the No. 121 route in Beijing. Optimal load cycles of the electric machine are obtained from dynamic programming algorithm. Then, Markov chain and subsequent statistical analysis are used to construct representative load cycles for the electric components from the extracted information from the optimal cycles. Finally, the representative duty cycles were constructed for the motor performance and reliability testing procedures.

Keywords: electric machines; duty cycles; parallel HEVs; hybrid electric vehicles; Markov chain; dynamic programming; city buses; urban buses; hybrid electric buses.

DOI: 10.1504/IJVD.2012.047391

International Journal of Vehicle Design, 2012 Vol.58 No.2/3/4, pp.348 - 366

Received: 06 Nov 2010
Accepted: 19 Apr 2011
Published online: 31 Dec 2014 *

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