Article: Aqua ammonia process for simultaneous removal of CO2, SO2 and NOx Journal: International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management (IJETM) 2004 Vol.4 No.1/2 pp.89 - 104 Abstract: Experimental research work in applying aqueous ammonia solution for the simultaneous reduction of acidic gaseous emission from fossil fuel-fired utility plants is currently being performed at the National Energy Technology Laboratory. The traditional monoethanolamine process for CO2 removal suffers the disadvantages of low carbon dioxide loading capacity, equipment corrosion, amine degradation by SO2 and O2 in flue gas, and high energy penalty during absorbent regeneration. The aqueous ammonia process can simultaneously remove CO2, SO2, NOx, plus HCl and HF that may exist in the flue gas. There could be oxidation of SO2 and NO prior to contacting the aqueous ammonia absorbent. Test results pertaining to the ammonia/carbon dioxide reaction in a semi-continuous reactor system are presented. The parametric effects of sparger design, reaction temperature, and ammonia concentration on gas loadings and absorption rates are discussed. Regeneration test results, including solution-cycling between the regeneration and absorption steps to determine a realistic loading capacity for the ammonia solutions are also presented. Inderscience Publishers - linking academia, business and industry through research

Title: Aqua ammonia process for simultaneous removal of CO₂, SO₂ and NO_x

Authors: Kevin P. Resnik, James T. Yeh, Henry W. Pennline

Addresses: Parson Project Services, Inc., PO Box 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA. ' US Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, PO Box 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA. ' US Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, PO Box 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA

Abstract: Experimental research work in applying aqueous ammonia solution for the simultaneous reduction of acidic gaseous emission from fossil fuel-fired utility plants is currently being performed at the National Energy Technology Laboratory. The traditional monoethanolamine process for CO₂ removal suffers the disadvantages of low carbon dioxide loading capacity, equipment corrosion, amine degradation by SO₂ and O₂ in flue gas, and high energy penalty during absorbent regeneration. The aqueous ammonia process can simultaneously remove CO₂, SO₂, NO_x, plus HCl and HF that may exist in the flue gas. There could be oxidation of SO₂ and NO prior to contacting the aqueous ammonia absorbent. Test results pertaining to the ammonia/carbon dioxide reaction in a semi-continuous reactor system are presented. The parametric effects of sparger design, reaction temperature, and ammonia concentration on gas loadings and absorption rates are discussed. Regeneration test results, including solution-cycling between the regeneration and absorption steps to determine a realistic loading capacity for the ammonia solutions are also presented.

Keywords: absorption; aqueous ammonia; ammonium bicarbonate; ammonium nitrate; ammonium sulfate; carbon dioxide loading; desulfurisation; fertilizer; heat of reaction; monoethanolamine; oxidation; regeneration.

DOI: 10.1504/IJETM.2004.004634

International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management, 2004 Vol.4 No.1/2, pp.89 - 104

Published online: 26 May 2004 *

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Title: Aqua ammonia process for simultaneous removal of CO₂, SO₂ and NO_x