Title: Losing fertile matter to the sea: How landscape entropy affects climate
Authors: Wilhelm Ripl
Addresses: Department of Landscape Ecology, Limnology, Technical University of Berlin, Nuthestrasse 4A, D-14513 Teltow, Germany
Abstract: Under natural conditions order is created by interactions between water, temperature, chemical gradients, ground surface, and organisms. However, in the |developed| landscape, order is replaced by randomness. The de-coupling of energy and water cycles is observed in eutrophication, as irreversible matter losses break closed metabolic cycles in coenotic structures. Another cause of landscape entropy is the lowered water table, which decreases surface flows. Applying the Energy-Transport-Reaction Model to the River Stor Catchment in Germany, the paper shows how dissipative structures balance terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, returning short water cycles to the atmosphere. This ecosystem integrity benefits food production as well as climate.
Keywords: landscape entropy; water–energy coupling; vegetation; short water cycle; climate; sustainability; energy-transport-reaction modelling; Germany; dissipative structures; terrestrial ecosystems; aquatic ecosystems; landscape degradation; wetlands; lakes; rivers; water vapour.
International Journal of Water, 2010 Vol.5 No.4, pp.353 - 364
Published online: 24 Feb 2011 *
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